The Digital Catch:an integrative role for IAMSLIC in the worlds of

metadata, harvesters and repositories

1: Species Diversity Pauline Simpson, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK

2: Aquatic CommonsStephanie Haas, Digital Library Centre, University of Florida,

Gainsville USA

Information for Responsible Fisheries: Libraries as Mediators

10 - 14 October 2005

Rome, Italy

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

The Digital Catch:an integrative role for IAMSLIC in the worlds of

metadata, harvesters and repositories

Part 1: Species Diversity

Pauline SimpsonNational Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

National Oceanography Centre, Southampton

NOC is one of the world’s leading centres for research and education in marine and earth sciences, for the development of marine technology and for the provision of large scale infrastructure and support for the marine research community

University of SouthamptonResearch-led multidisciplinary university:20,000 students5000 staff (3000 researchers)

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Open Access to Research – Southampton a key player

• 27 Jun 1994 Stevan Harnad’s ‘Subversive Proposal’ leading to the open access vision for scholarly material. In an ideal world of scholarly communication – all research should be freely available

• School of Electronic and Computer Science developed the first repository software EPrints.Org to support the vision and implemented their own Departmental Repository

• Work on Citation analysis based on repository content, research reporting etc

• National Oceanography Centre Southampton – early adopterand Project Manager established University of Southampton Research Repository. First in UK to move from project to University funded service

…….. Fertile open access and repository background

–

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Sharing at IAMSLIC Conferences

2002 e-Prints and the Open Archive Initiative - opportunities for libraries, presented by

Pauline Simpson in, Bridging the Digital Divide, 28th Annual IAMSLIC Conference, 6-11 Oct 2002, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico

2003 Institutional Repositories :an opportunity for IAMSLIC, presented by Pauline

Simpson in, , Navigating the Shoals : evolving User Services in Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries, 29th Annual IAMSLIC Conference, 5–9 Oct 2003, Mystic, Connecticut USA

2004 The Culture, Care and Content of Institutional Repositories, presented by Pauline

Simpson (contribution to Preserving our Institutional Intellectual Property: Panel Discussion) in, Voyages of Discovery, parting the seas of information technology, 30th Annual IAMSLIC Conference, 6-9 Sep 2004 , Hobart, Tasmania,

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Two Calls

1. Encourage IAMSLIC members to implement

Institutional Repositories within their organizations to contribute to the provision of global Open Access to aquatic and marine science research

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Repository Development

ArXiv (from 1991 at Los Alamos now at Cornell) for high energy physics community (incl Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Math, Computing Science and Nonlinear Science).

Despite success of ArXiv and others - RePEc (Economics), Cogprints (Cognitive Psychology), Mathematics, etc – varying success by other subject communities (Chemistry Preprints Server now finished)

2000 onwards complementary implementation of Institutional repositories fuelled by project funding eg Mellon Foundation, Howard Hughes, JISC UK, Open Society Institute and powered by the Information Community

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Why it should be Institutional Repositories

Institutions are logical implementers of repositories –       Centralise a distributed activity–       Framework and Infrastructure–       Permanence that can sustain changes–       Stewardship of Digital assets–       Preservation policy–       Provide central digital showcase for the research, teaching and scholarship of the institution

Subject or project repositories often linked to an individual or a group – can be transitory - collection at risk

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Repositories are spreading because …

• Supplementary to traditional publication

• Do not affect current research publication processes

• Give easy and rapid access

• Give long-term access

• Increase readership and use of material – more citations

• They offer advantages to institutions

• They offer advantages to research funders

• They offer new ways for information to be linked and used

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Increasing number of Repositories

• 2002 = 112 (TARDis Subject Categorization Survey)

• 2005 = 466 (from Institutional Archives Registry)

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

http://archives.eprints.org/

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Truly global movement

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

http://www.opendoar.org/

Main Partners:

Lund University

Univ of Nottingham)

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Increasing numbers – Repository choices

• Subject - arXiv, Cogprints, RePEC,

• Institutional – Southampton, Glasgow, Nottingham, MBA UK, WHOI • National - DARE (all universities in the Netherlands), Scotland,

• National / Subject - ODINPubAfrica

• International - Internet Archive ‘Universal’, OAIster

• Regional - White Rose UK

• Consortia - SHERPA-LEAP (London E-prints Access Project)• Funding Agency – NIH (PubMed), Wellcome Trust (UK PubMed),

NERC

• Project - Public Knowledge Project EPrint Archive• Conference - 11th Joint Symposium on Neural Computation, May 15

2004 • Personal – peer to peer, web pages etc• Media Type - VCILT Learning Objects Repository, NTDL (Theses)• Publisher – journal archives• Data Repositories/Archives - NODC, BODC, DOD, JODC, BADC

etc

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Dilemma for Researcher

• Mandates from major funding agencies now require grantees to deposit research output in a ‘designated repository’ or ‘any’

• Where should the full text of their research be deposited?

• Researcher wants to enter metadata and deposit only once

• Situation at present– Duplicate keying metadata into repositories of choice – Harvesting, but harvester is not the choice of the depositor– Cannot target multiple repositories with one exercise

• Does it matter where it is deposited since Google Scholar, Yahoo, Scopus , will pick it up wherever it is deposited?

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

The Cavalry - Building on Repository Diversity

• Contributing to The Knowledge Cycle

Encompassing experimentation, analysis, publication, research, learning

– Joined up research – a hub linking text and data

– An audit trail from whatever point of access

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Learning & Teaching workflows

Research & e-Science workflows

Aggregator services

Repositories : institutional, e-prints, subject, data, learning objects

Institutional presentation services: portals, Learning Management Systems, u/g, p/g courses, modules

Harvestingmetadata

Data creation / capture / gathering: laboratory experiments, Grids, fieldwork, surveys, media

Resource discovery, linking, embedding

Deposit / self-archiving

Peer-reviewed publications: journals, conference proceedings

Publication

Validation

Data analysis, transformation, mining, modelling

Resource discovery, linking, embedding

Deposit / self-archiving

Learning object creation, re-use

Searching , harvesting, embedding

Quality assurance bodies

Validation

Presentation services: subject, media-specific, data, commercial portals

Resource discovery, linking, embedding

From: Lyon : CNI - JISC - SURF Conference, May 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Knowledge Cycle – linking IRs and Data

Grid

E-Scientists

Entire E-Science CycleEncompassing experimentation, analysis, publication, research, learning

5

Institutional Archive

LocalWebPublisher

Holdings

Digital Library

E-ScientistsGraduate Students

Undergraduate Students

Virtual Learning Environment

E-Experimentation

E-Scientists

Technical Reports

Reprints

Peer-Reviewed Journal &

Conference Papers

Preprints & Metadata

Certified Experimental

Results & Analyses

Data, Metadata & Ontologies

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

CLADDIER Project(Citation, Location And Deposition in Discipline and

Institutional Repositories)

• The CLADDIER system will be a step on the road to a situation where (in this case, environmental) scientists will to be able to move seamlessly from information discovery (location), through acquisition to deposition of new material, with all the digital objects correctly identified and cited. The lessons learned will be of applicability for the relationships between other discipline based repositories and institutional repositories.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Persistent identifiers

Data Citations

Automated Linking (png)

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

A plus for researchers

• One outcome of CLADDIER Project• Present OAI-PMH Harvesting = ‘pull’ • CLADDIER outcome = ‘push’ • Enable researcher to deposit in one repository and

choose to upload (push) the metadata to another repository of choice

• Institutional Repository to Subject Repository/s of choice– redundancy of records does it matter?

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Two Calls

2. IAMSLIC to host a repository for those who did not have the support to set up their own

and

a harvester service for aquatic and marine science

providing discovery and location through a one search interface

………………………….

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Aquatic and Marine Science Repository and Harvester - early conceptMarine Science Institutional e-Print repositories

IAMSLIC Marine Science e-Print Service

Harvester (General)

Regional e-Print Repository

Odin PubAfrica

ArXiv (Atmos & Oceanic Physics)

User Search

OAI-PMH

Depositor

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Open repositories IAMSLIC as service provider.

Author

Content Aquatic Commons

Reader

Institutional Repositories

Disciplinary Repositories(incl IAMSLIC)

Peer-to-peerRepositories

Inte

rop

erab

ilit

y S

tan

dar

ds

Repositories of every flavour

Repository( value added services)

Linking

(Z39.50 Library)

Multimedia

OAI-PMH

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

The Digital Catch:an integrative role for IAMSLIC in the worlds of

metadata, harvesters and repositories

Part 2: Aquatic Commons

Stephanie C. HaasDigital Library Center,

University of Florida Libraries, Gainesville

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Aquatic Commons is a model for digital resource sharing between stakeholders in the marine/aquatic information world. Its integrative architecture accommodates researchers and research institutions at all technological levels.

The model includes repositories, harvesting functions, searchable database creation, and integration with IAMSLIC’s Z39.50 distributed library and the ASFA database.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Special thanks is extended to the Florida Center for Library Automation (FCLA) for providing technical expertise, computer hardware/software, and the programming to develop a proof-of-concept model.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

AQUATIC COMMONS : the purpose

Aquatic Commons is being developed to:

1) Create a central metadata and digital document reservoir related to marine and aquatic scienceinformation worldwide.

2) Support IAMSLIC’s long term goal of helping researchers and the public freely access needed information.

3) Integrate the efforts of the total community by harvesting metadata where available and by creating repository and harvesting opportunities where needed.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Identified stakeholders in the development of the Aquatic Commons

1) Researchers and research institutions in the marine and aquatic sciences2) UN, International, and National ASFA partners3) CSA4) FAO ASFA Secretariat5) Other marine research agencies such as IOC, NOAA, etc.6) IAMSLIC and its affiliated regional groups7) Florida Center for Library Automation (FCLA)

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Aquatic Commons architecture consists of an integrated Open Archive Initiative (OAI)* System that includes:

a harvester, an OAI provider, a search interface, a database, and a zebra Z39.50 server.

At production level, the system will be based on Open Access software and scalable to accommodate new repositories coming online.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Overview of Components

Aquatic Commons is designed as an OAI integrated system that will functionally:

Harvest and create a searchable database of OAI compliant metadata from extant repositories or OAI static repositories including the Aquatic repository developed as part of this model, and in turn

Serve OAI complaint metadata to other services.

It will also create:

An Aquatic eprint Repository to house digital works and metadata created by researchers or institutions that don’t have stable IT support.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

and

A zebra Z39.50 server that will interface with the IAMSLIC Z39.50 distributed library.

OPTIONAL FUNCTIONALITY:

Digital archiving at the FCLA Digital Archives of publications submitted to the Aquatic e-print Repository server.

Metadata with links to documents can be harvested from the Aquatic Repository by CSA for inclusion in ASFA.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Aquatic Commons architecture responsibilities:

Harvest and create a searchable database of subject relevant OAI compliant metadata including a sample from the Aquatic eprint Repository

Currently in test

FCLA has harvested and made searchable metadata from six collections including the Aquatic eprint Repository developed as part of this model.

FCLA has implemented a functional OAI static repository gateway to harvest metadata from OAI static repositories.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

FCLA is harvesting the following sites:

Aquatic eprints RepositoryBaltic Marine Environment Bibliography

1970-W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and

Water Resources Technical ReportsOregon Institute of Marine BiologyWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionODINPubAFRICA

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Database

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Database

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

OAI Static Repository OAI static repository records are records wrapped in XML

and served as a Web page at a persistent URL. They contain header information and metadata information.

Currently in testFCLA is using a static gateway to broker records from an XML web page created at the University of Florida.

Sample of one record

<oai:record>

<oai:header>

<oai:identifier>oai:www.uflib.ufl.edu/digital/temporary/IAMSLIC.xml/00002</oai:identifier>

<oai:datestamp>2005-06-03</oai:datestamp>

</oai:header>

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

<oai:metadata> <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><dc:creator>Brown, Mark T.</dc:creator><dc:title>Successional development of forested wetlands on reclaimed phophate mined lands in Florida: Final report volume I </dc:title> <dc:subject>Phosphate mines and mining; Florida; wetlands

</dc:subject><dc:description>Prepared for Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, 1855 West Main Street, Bartow, Florida 33830 USA, Contact Manager: Steven G. Richardson, FIPR Project Numbers: 95-03- 117R and 98-03-131. </dc:description> <dc:description>Howard T. Odum Center for Wetlands.</dc:description> <dc:date>2002</dc:date><dc:identifier>http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/tc/feol/UF00015102.pdf</dc:identifier></oai_dc:dc> </oai:metadata> </oai:record>

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Aquatic eprint Repository

Currently in test

Using open source eprint software from the University of Southampton, FCLA has set up a testbed for creating metadata and submitting documents by researchers and/or institutions without access to IT support.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Zebra Z39.50 server interfaces with IAMSLIC’s Z39.50 Library Gateway

FCLA and IAMSLIC inputs:

Steve Watkins will be working with FCLA to develop this functionality. Searches initiated in the IAMSLIC Library Gateway will be searching the Aquatic Commons database as well.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

SET UP COST ESTIMATES(year 1)

Hardware / network

Server, dual cpu, 4GB memory, 156GB internal disk $ 5,000

Tape cartridge for backup $ 200SoftwareRed Hat Linux (OS) $ 50Tivoli (backup server) $ 50Tripwire (security) $ 300

Staff Development and setup (320 hours) $ 4,800

Total one-time costs $ 10,400

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

ANNUAL ONGOING COST ESTIMATES(starting year 2)

Hardware / networkServer maintenance $ 500Network cost $ 86SoftwareRed Hat Linux (OS) $ 50Tivoli (backup server) $ 50Tripwire (security)

$ 165Staff

Ongoing maintenance and support (20 hrs/mo) $ 3,600

Total annual ongoing costs $ 4,451

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

OPTIONS: DIGITAL ARCHIVING at FCLA of publications submitted to the Aquatic eprint Repository server.

FCLA has created one of the first “true” digital archives in the U.S.

The FCLA Digital Archive may be found athttp://www.fcla.edu/digitalArchive/index.htm

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

Third party service

The University of Florida Libraries has the opportunity to develop collaborative agreements that extend digital archiving services to third parties.

Formal agreements would be negotiated should this service be desired.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

OPTION: If FAO and CSA become collaborators on the Aquatic Commons, metadata from the

Aquatic e-print Repository could be harvested for inclusion in ASFA

CSA inputs:

Enhancing metadata to meet ASFA record standards

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

If we accept the premise that most research papers are composed in an electronic environment then they can be shared. Even ancient formats such as WordPerfect can be converted and served as PDF files. If Internet access is unstable, files can be submitted on disk, CD, or DVD.

Capture at creation is the most efficient means of sharing knowledge and assuring archival fidelity.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

There are many details to be worked out including:

1) Assurances that digital content is available for open access without copyright infringement,

2) Defining relationships between participating organizations,

3) The technical aspects of the Aquatic eprint Repository including the handling of multi-languagerecords and digital documents, and

4) Formal agreements with FCLA for its technicalsupport of this initiative.

IAMSLIC Rome 2005

In collaboration with others, IAMSLIC has the opportunity to create Aquatics Commons as an essential digital resource for those involved in all aspects of research and resource management.