the early stuarts & the road to war. religion in the 17 th century religion in the 17 th century...
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The Early The Early Stuarts & the Stuarts & the Road to WarRoad to War
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Religion in the Religion in the 1717thth Century Century
• In the 17th Century, most of England was Protestant though a few Roman Catholics remained in the country
• There were two main Protestant groups in England: the Church of England (Anglicans) and the Puritans
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Church of EnglandChurch of England(Anglican) (Anglican)
• Official church in England.• King was its head.• Supported by taxes from the people• Services were very elaborate and
buildings were richly decorated
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Puritans Puritans • Large and powerful group of dissenting
Protestants - Thought the Anglican Church was too much like Catholic
Church.
• Believed churches and church services should be simple and plain
• Wore dark clothes and lived very sober lives.
• Believed that authority came from Bible (not the King)
• .
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Puritans in England Puritans in England • Puritanism spread rapidly throughout
England in the 16th and 17th centuries. • Often faced persecution:
o At times it was illegal for puritans to hold their own services and many were imprisoned or fined for their beliefs.
• Many immigrated to North America in search of religious freedom.
• Others entered parliament as a way to gain political power and promote their beliefs.
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WitchesWitches
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““Outing” a Witch Outing” a Witch - Torture was often used to
extract confessions. - Types of torture used in England
included bread-and-water diets, tethering of limbs and sleep deprivation
- Condemned witches were ducked in water with their thumbs tied to their toes until they drowned.
- Others were hanged, burned or pressed to death.
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History of Parliament History of Parliament in Englandin England
• Since Anglo-Saxon times, England had a Parliament which was used by the King to “consult” with the people
• In 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta which forced him to grant rights to Parliament
- King must rule lawfully- no new taxes without vote
by Parliament- right to trial by jury of peers
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Parliament in EnglandParliament in England• By 1295, Parliament had taken shape:
• House of Lords House of Commons - nobles, bishops - wealthy landowners, & members of Anglican & townspeople Church (Ch.of Eng.) - elected to represent -
appointed people
** BUT…most people did not have the right to vote or sit in Parliament
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The House of Lords The House of Lords Today Today
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House of Commons House of Commons Today Today
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England Under the England Under the TudorsTudors
• Accepted the democratic traditions of England.
• Kept Parliament on their side.
• Elizabeth I, the last Tudor, died in 1603
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King James I King James I - James VI of Scotland
succeeded Elizabeth I when she died in 1603.
- Became King James I of England
- Disliked the democratic traditions of England and preferred to rule as an absolute monarch.
- Introduced the Divine Right of Kings into England.
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Divine Right of Kings Divine Right of Kings o Theory that monarchs get their power from Theory that monarchs get their power from
GodGod, not the people of the country, not the people of the country
o Ordinary people have no right to question Ordinary people have no right to question the king/queen’s decisionsthe king/queen’s decisions
o Monarchs Monarchs have unlimited powerhave unlimited power• Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy
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King James IKing James I• Cared little for English politics
• Ignored parliament (very unpopular)
• Fought with Parliament over:o Religion (persecuted Puritans) o Money (tried to raise taxes)o Foreign policy (made peace with Spain)
• Died 1625 – left country in debt
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Charles I Charles I • Became King in 1625 when King
James I dies.
• Also believed in the Divine Right of Kings
• Constantly needed moneyo Extravagant lifestyleo Wars (Spain and France)
• Fought with Parliamento Politics (Arrested prisoners without
trial)o Taxes (Ship Fees, Tunnage and
Poundage)o Religion (wanted all subject to worship
in style of Church of England)
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16281628• Parliament wants king to sign
the Petition of Righto Parliament must approve
taxeso King Must stop Illegal
Activities• Charles refused and sent
Parliament Home• Uses his main advisors Lord
Stafford & Archbishop Laud to bring country under royal control.
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The Long ParliamentThe Long Parliament• 1637 – Charles loses a war• Charles tried to force Scotland to worship in
style of Church of England• Most Scots were Presbyterians
o Scots revolted, Invaded England
• Charles needed money to pay for soldiers to stop the revolto Forced to recall Parliamento Eventually Gave into their demands
• Parliament would sit for 13 years.
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Parliaments DemandsParliaments Demands• Trial of Kings main advisors• Parliament must be called once
every three years• Limit King’s powers – Grand
Remonstrance• Release Prisoners
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Divided Parliament Divided Parliament • Parliament was divided between Radicals (wanted
to take most of the King’s power) and the others who wanted guarantee that the King would follow the law.
• Magna Carta unclear about the amount of power that the King should have.
• “Royal Perogative” allowed him to act outside the law – no agreement about what this meant.
• King sees opportunity to regain control.
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• King marched Army into House of Commons to arrest 5 radical members (illegal)o Not a commonero Violated parliamentary Privilege
• Radicals escapedo Parliament began to raise an army
• King began to raise an army.
The Road to WarThe Road to War
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