The Effects of the Great War

US HistoryMrs. Toth

2011-2012

Labor Issues

Shortage of the Workforce:Men were fighting at war

Women took jobs held by men

150,000 Mexicans entered the US

African-American moving North for job opportunities

War Industries Board

What Was It?A Board that encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency

Eliminate wastes by standardizing products

What Did It Do?Set Production Quotas

Allocated Raw Materials

How Did It Help?Production increased 20%

Wages became higher especially for blue collar workers

The Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities between 1915 and 1930

They were moving North to escape discrimination and to find better job opportunities

Racial Tensions

Military Service Restricted = SUPPORT ONLY!

WHY SUPPORT IF YOU ARE DISCRIMINATED AGAINST??

American Attitudes

STAY OUT!!Political and Religious

Personal:1/3 immigrants had family back home!

Wilson’s 1912 Campaign:

“He Kept Us Out of War”

Food Administration

Set up by Wilson and Hoover

MEATLESS

WHEATLESS

SWEETLESS

PORKLESS

Liberty Bonds

Increased Taxes

Financed the War

Patriotic Organizations

Growing Gardens

Recycling Campaigns

Organizers

Workers

Nurses

Silencing the Opposition

Traitors

Espionage and Sedition Acts

1st Amendment Rights

Schenck vs. The United States

EN

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WI

Armistice

November 11, 1918:The “eleventh day of the eleventh hour of the eleventh month”

Ended the Fighting of

World War I

Fourteen Points:Wilson’s PlanPoints 1—5: Points 6-14:

Fourteen Points

Points 1-5:Freedom of the Seas, No secret treaties between nations, and self determination (can determine your own form of government)

Points 6-14:Dealt with the specific areas in Europe, such as returning land to certain countries and restoring borders

Armistice

Palace of Versailles

Met Here in in order to from peace treaty

The Big Four• David Lloyd

George(France)George Clemenceau (Great Britain)Woodrow Wilson (US)Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Armistice

Treaty of Versailles 1. Germany’s colonies

and the ottoman empire were divided among the allies

2. New countries: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latavia, Lithuania, and Poland

Armistice

Treaty of Versailles:3. Germany forced

to disarm and admit guilt

4. Germany forces to pay war reparations

5. League of Nations was created

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ARTICLE 231

WHY WAS IT SO IMPORTANT?IT WAS A PART OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND LISTED SPECIFIC WAR REPARATIONS:

FOR EXAMPLE: WHO PAYS WHO BACK?

WHEN DO YOU PAY THEM BACK?

HOW MUCH DO YOU OWE THEM?

Wilson’s United States Tour!

Purpose: to persuade the people to encourage our joining to the League of Nations, BUT SENATE DIDN’T WANT TO JOIN!

WILSON SUFFERED ASTROKE AND WASBEDRIDDON THE

REMAINDER OF HIS PRESIDENCY!

Direct Causes

DIRECT CAUSES

1. IMPERIALISM

2. NATIONALISM

3. MILITARISM

4. ALLIANCES

5. ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND

6. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY OFFICIALLY DECLARING WAR!

Direct Effects

DIRECT EFFECTS

1. MAP OF EUROPE RE-DRAWN

2. LEAGUE OF NATIONS FORMED

3. ECONOMY OF US BOOMING

4. WIDESPREAD DEATH AND DESTRUCTION IN EUROPE

5. BREAK UP OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE AND GERMAN EMPIRE

Costs of War

COSTS OF WAR

PHYSICAL AILMENTSTRENCH FOOT

TRENCH MOUTH

DISEASES

PSHYCHOLOGICAL AILMENTSSHELL SHOCK OR PTSD

THE FLU1 QUARTER OF THE NATION SUFFERED; CORPSES LAY EVERYWHERE! DOCTORS DIDN’T UNDERSTAND WHAT IT WAS; DOCTORS SUGGESTED CLEANLINESS AND QUARANTINE

500,000 AMERICANS SUFFERED—SPREAD BY SOLDIERS

Trench Foot

Rats in their millions infested trenches.  There were two main types, the brown and the black rat.  Both were

despised but the brown rat was especially feared.  Gorging themselves on human remains (grotesquely disfiguring

them by eating their eyes and liver) they could grow to the size of a cat. Men, exasperated and afraid of these rats

(which would even scamper across their faces in the dark), would attempt to rid the trenches of them by various

methods: gunfire, with the bayonet, and even by clubbing them to death. It was futile however: a single rat couple could produce up to 900 offspring in a year, spreading

infection and contaminating food. 

COSTS OF WAR

22 MILLION DEAD

20 MILLION WOUNDED

10 MILLION DISPLACED

338 BILLION DOLLARS SPENT