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The End of Roman History Image by PHGCOM. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Kaiser Karl der Große (Gemälde, Porträt). This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Muzej Revolucije Narodnosti Jugoslavije. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 1

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Page 1: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

The End of Roman History

Image by PHGCOM. Thisimage is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Image by Kaiser Karl der Große (Gemälde,Porträt). This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Image by Muzej RevolucijeNarodnosti Jugoslavije. Thisimage is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

1

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odovacar_Ravenna_477_(obverse).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D%C3%BCrer_karl_der_grosse.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_in_1937.jpg
Page 2: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome

EARLY KINGS

509 BC – Birth of Republic

REPUBLIC

PRINCIPATE

LATE EMPIRE

27 BC - Augustus

AD 284 – Reforms of Diocletian

AD 476 – Deposition of Romulus Augustulus2

Page 3: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Odoacer

King of Italy, 476 - 493

Image by PHGCOM. This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

3

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odovacar_Ravenna_477_(obverse).jpg
Page 4: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Ivory diptych of Stilicho with wife Serena and son Eucheriusca. 395

Image by O. Mustafin. This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

4

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mainz0497.jpg
Page 5: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

TheodericKing of Italy 493-526

Source: Wikimedia Commons. License CC BY.

5

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teodorico_re_dei_Goti_(493-526)_white.jpg
Page 6: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Theoderic’s Gothic Kingdom

Image by Vortimer at English Wikipedia.Source: Wikimedia Commons. License: CC BY.

6

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empire_of_Theodoric_the_Great_523.gif
Page 7: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

West and East Empire in 476

Image by Cthuljew. This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

7

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empires_476AD.svg
Page 8: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Mehmed II

1453: conquers the ‘Romaioi’ of Constantinople

This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

8

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Mehmed_II_by_Gentile_Bellini_(Cropped).png
Page 9: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

CharlemagneRoman Emperor

800-814

Image by Kaiser Karl der Große (Gemälde,Porträt). This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

9

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D%C3%BCrer_karl_der_grosse.jpg
Page 10: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Otto the GreatEmperor 962-973

Surrender of Berengarius to Otto I Theutonicorum Rex (‘Otto I, King of the Germans’)

This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons.

10

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Otto_I_Manuscriptum_Mediolanense_c_1200.jpg
Page 11: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Francis IIHoly Roman Emperor

1792-1806

Image courtesy of the Web Gallery ofArt. This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons. 11

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b1/Francis_I.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friedrich_von_Amerling_-_Emperor_Franz_I_of_Austria_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA00263.jpg
Page 12: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire

This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire. Essai sur l'histoire générale et sur les mœurs et l'esprit des nations, Chapter 70 (1756)

12

Page 13: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Mussolini’s Roman Empire

Image by Muzej Revolucije Narodnosti Jugoslavije.This image is in the public domain.Source: Wikimedia Commons. 13

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_in_1937.jpg
Page 14: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

Mussolini speech of 1926• Rome shall become such as to amaze the

peoples of the world: vast, well-ordered, powerful as in the days of Augustus. You shall relieve the old oak of growths that cling to it. You shall clear the area around the Theatre of Marcellus, the Augusteum, the Capital, the Pantheon. All that sprang up in the ages of decadence shall vanish. The millenary monuments of our history shall stand out as giants in solitary splendour.

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Page 15: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

753 BC (April 21) - Foundation of Rome

EARLY KINGS

509 BC – Birth of Republic

REPUBLIC

‘HIGH’ EMPIRE

LATE EMPIRE

27 BC - Augustus

AD 284 – Reforms of Diocletian

AD 476 – Deposition of Romulus Augustulus15

Page 16: The End of Roman History - MIT OpenCourseWare · Voltaire on the Holy Roman Empire. This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither

MIT OpenCourseWarehttps://ocw.mit.edu

21H.132 The Ancient World: RomeSpring 2017

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: https://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
https://ocw.mit.edu/

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