the engineering geological mapping on scale 1:10000 for ... · pdf filethe divjaka coastal...

International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Volume 12 No: 04

1213204-4747 IJCEE-IJENS © August 2012 IJENS I J E N S

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Abstract - The studied area extends in west of Lushnja town, along of the Adriatic coastal plain from Shkumbini to Semani Rivers delta. It’s one of the most attractive places in Albania; because of there are several wonderful beaches, which have taken much interest of many designers companies and instructions, related to touristic centers development. That is the motivation, why last years we have carried out the engineering geological mapping on scale 1:10 000 and geotechnical investigations on this area. Based on these works was compiled an engineering geological zoning map on scale 1:10 000, results of which are presented in this paper.

Index Terms - Engineering-geological mapping, lithology, morphology, hydrogeology, geotechnical properties, clays, silts, sands, gravels, peats.

I. INTRODUCTION HE engineering geological zoning map on scale 1:10 000 is a very useful tool to areas management because of it gives data to geological environments are necessary for

land-use planning purposes. Now days along the Adriatic seaside are building many touristic places and villages, due to there are several wonderful beaches. To precede this development from Center of Civil Geology of Tirana at Geological Survey of Albania and Institute of Geosciences at Polytechnic University of Tirana during 2002-2010 years are carried out several works are represented by engineering geological mapping on scale 1:10 000 on these area [6], [7], [8], [9]. In this paper we are presenting the results of the engineering geological and geotechnical investigations carried out in the Adriatic Coastal Plain of Albania, Divjaka area, from which an engineering geological map on scale 1:10 000 was compiled. The Divjaka area is located in west of Lushnja town, along of the Adriatic coastal plain. For this work are completed in the oriented profile on scale 1:10 000 the surface lithological investigation, excavation of many pits with depth

Manuscript received July 10, 2012. Dr. Ylber Muceku, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, EPOKA University, Tirana, Albania. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].

3.0-5.0m, boreholes with depth that range from 20.0-50.0m up to 90.0-150.0m, and seismic measurements represented by the velocity of shear and longitudinal waves (Vs and Vp). Also, in different level of the lithological profile in pits and boreholes during fields works are taken the undisturbed and disturbed samples of soils and rocks for analyzing in laboratory for physical-mechanical properties. This work-engineering geological zoning map is very important for urban development and planning.

II. METHODOLOGY Based on master plan of urban design office of Divjaka

Commune during 2002-2010 years from Center of Civil Geology of Tirana at Geological Survey of Albania and Institute of Geosciences at Polytechnic University of Tirana were completed the engineering geological mapping on scale 1: 10 000and geotechnical investigations. These works are done in three phases are: i) study of previous geo-engineering works, ii) field works, geo-engineering mapping, seismic measurements, drilling and laboratory tests iii) interpretation and correlation of the data obtained from field and laboratory works, as well as preparation of the engineering geological map together with engineering geological study. In the first phase are studies the published papers, geological maps and reports etc. Here are taken many geological data from deep holes carried out for oils exploration purpose [3]. The second phase is related to field works and laboratory tests. In this phase firstly was worked on oriented profile using a scale of 1:10 000 [8] to record the surface’s lithological characteristics of soils and rocks, erosion, fluvial and marine features, slope mass movements etc. After that, 35 geotechnical drillings with 20.0m up to 50.0m and 10 geotechnical drillings with 90.0m up to 150.0m, 44 pits 3.0-5.0m deep and many seismic measurements are done. From boreholes in the different levels of lithological profile were taken 135 soils and rocks samples (71 undisturbed and 64 disturbed) for laboratory tests to determinate the mechanical and physical properties that are grain size distribution, bulk density, Atterberg’s limits, moisture content, specific density, dry density, porosity, porosity coefficient, shears strength, oedometer modulus. Rock samples were analysed for bulk density, specific density, moisture content, porosity and uniaxial compression strength, etc. Besides of the boreholes are used and seismic methods,

The engineering geological mapping on scale 1:10000 for tourism development in Adriatic Coastal Plain-Divjaka, Albania

Ylber MUCEKU

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which have helped to determine the soils thickness, underground waters, as well as the structural and neotectonic elements. So, for investigation of soils deposits in Divjaka area a lot of seismic’s velocities measurements on surface and in boreholes have been carried out [12]. There are completed 40 points of seismic measurements represented by the velocity of shear and longitudinal waves (Vs and Vp). Furthermore, in the western part of Divjaka town, are taken the velocity measurements of shear and longitudinal waves in the depth of the boreholes by using the “down-hole” seismic method [12]. From boreholes in the flat area, systematic measurements of underground water levels were taken (each week and month). In the third phase through interpretation and correlation of data obtained from desk studies, as well as results of field and laboratories works was done enabled the compilation of the engineering geology map on scale 1:10000 and geotechnical report.

III. RESULTS The Divjaka coastal area is the most beautiful place of

Adriatic seaside (Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 6). Based in several geo-factors such as lithology, geomorphology, hydrogeology and geotechnical properties of soils and rocks an engineering geological zoning map on scale 1:10 000 was prepared in Divjaka coastal area.

A. Geological setting According to geology Divjaka area is part of the Western Lowland of Albania and it includes in the Preadriatic depression. It is built by Miocene-Pliocene molasses and Quaternary deposits (Fig. 4, 5). Whereas, related to geological structure the Preadriatic depression is built by wide Karavasta’s syncline with age range from Miocene (N3

1) to Pliocene (N2) and Divjaka’s linear relatively narrow anticline, which is superimposed by tectonics movement [1], [12] over the Karavasta syncline (Fig. 5). The Divjaka anticline fold does not outcrop with all their elements, whereas the synclinal structures are buried from soils of Quaternary deposits (Qh). The positive structures of the western coastal part are well expressed on the relief; the anticlines build the hills, while the synclines are covered by Holocene deposits. As it showen in Fig. 5, the Divjaka anticline in upper part is built by Pliocene molasses deposits. According to lithological composition, these deposits are divided in two geological units that are the Helmesi (N2

1) and Rrogozhina (N22). The Helmesi geological

unit (N21) is built by combination of claystones and sandstones

layers. It lies in lower part of lithological profiles of Pliocene (N2) deposits. The Rrogozhina geological unit (N2

2) is built by conglomerate rocks. Miocene deposits (Serevaliane N2

1s-Tortoniane N3

1t and Messinian N31m) represent by sandstones

intercalated by claystones layers. The mostly of the studied area are occupied by the Quaternary deposits, which cover the Karavasta syncline and several places of the hills slopes. The Quaternary deposits are represented by coastal, alluvial, lagoons, swamps deposits and delluvium deposits. They have the thickness varied from 20.0-30.0m (closed to hills) and 300.0–350.0m in western part along Adriatic coast (Fig. 4). The coastal deposits consist of sands and silty sands (Fig. 2,

3). They extend in west of the studied area, along the Adriatic coastline. The alluvial deposits (delta of the River Shkumbini) are located in the northern part of the study area and represent by combination of loam and sands layers. The lagoons and swamps deposits (Fig. 6) are found in west and southwest. They are formed as a result of interaction of the River Shkumbini with sediments discharged at the coast (Fig. 4). Swamp deposits were characteristic of a past, semi-arid landscape of the Holocene age and are located in west of studied area. While, the diluvium deposits are found on hills slopes. They are composed from silts and clays soils with sands and gravels content, which have a thickness ranges from 1.0-2.0m to 3.5-5.0m. All above mentioned soils are situated over of molasses rocks.

Fig. 1. It’s shown the Adriatic seaside in the Divjaka area

Fig. 2. It’s shown the Divjaka coast

Fig. 3. It’s shown the Divjaka beach



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Fig. 4. Geological map of Divjaka area

1. Beach deposits, sands 2. swamps deposits, peats 3. alluvial deposits, loam and sands, 4. diluvial deposits, silts, 5. Rogozhina geological unit, conglomerates, 6. Helmesi geological unit, claystones, 7. tectonics boundary.

Fig. 5. Geological and seismic profile of Divjaka anticline is superimposed by tectonics movement over the Karavasta syncline [1], [12]

1. N2-Pliocene molasses deposits, 2. N31m-Messinian molasses deposits, 3.

N31t-Tortoniane molasses deposits, 4. N2

1s-Serevaliane molasses deposits, 5. F. Flysch deposits, 6. Discordances geologic boundary, 7. Tectonic boundary, 8. Tectonic movements direction.

B. Geomorphology Based on morphology features the studied area is divided in

flat morphological unit and hills morphological unit. The flat morphological unit represents by the Adriatic flat plain with

elevation varies from 0.5-2.0m (western part) to 5.0-7.0m (eastern part). Along of this zone from east to west direction has established their valleys, Shkumbini and Semani Rivers and in central part is located Karavasta lagoon (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. It’s shown the swamp of Karavasta, Divjaka area

Hills morphological unit is located in east of studied area. It



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is represented by Divjaka hills chain with elevation range from 80.0m up to 120.0-150.0m. The morphological unit is composed by claystones, siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates rocks. The hills slopes have inclination range from 6o-10o up to 15o-30o and some place more.

C. Hydrogeological conditions From the hydrogeology point of view the observed zone is

constructed by two complexes, that are soils (Quaternary deposits) and rocks (Molasses rocks). The lower, middle and upper part of the soils deposits are built by sands and gravels intercalated by silts layers. The underground waters in the region, part which is the studied area are related to gravels and sands formations, which formed the rich aquifers according to water bearing. The main water recourse of these formations is Shkumbini and Semani Rivers. The second complex represents by the molasses rocks that built from the layers combination of claystones, siltstones and sandstones rocks. The claystones and siltstones (Helmesi geological unit) are very poor to water bearing, whereas the conglomerates rocks (Rogozhina geological unit) form very rich aquifers. During fields works was systematically taken the measurements of underground water levels. This procedure is repeated each week for three month in row and concluded that underground water table is 0.5-1.0m up to 3.0-5.0m deep. The concentrations of chemical constituents of shallow underground waters measured in dug well 4.5-5.5m deep and deep underground waters measured in boreholes 20. 0-30.0m to 100.0-150.0m deep is different from one engineering geology zone to other in the studied area. In the engineering geology zone of sands-beach and sea’s sands (I3), are found underground water with the chemical constituents as Na+ + K+ = 170.62mg/l, Ca2+=25.05 mg/l, Mg 2+ = 25.54mg/l, Fe 2+3+ = 0.03mg/l, NH4

+ = 0.14 mg/l, HCO3- = 486.78mg/l, Cl- = 60.65mg/l, SO4

2- =33.74 mg/l, NO3- = 0.4 mg/l, NO2

-= 0.23mg/l, H2SiO3=4.54 mg/l, general mineralization=802 mg/l and Hardness=9.38 (German grade). In the engineering geology zone of the peat–loam-sands combination (I4), the chemical constituents of underground water are Na+ + K+ = 23381.14mg/l, Ca2+= 876.75mg/l, Mg 2+ = 2793.76mg/l, Fe 2+3+ =1.51mg/l , NH4

+ = 1.4mg/l, HCO3- = 566.08mg/l, Cl- =

41091.25mg/l, SO42-=5150.75mg/l, NO3

-=0.2mg/l, NO2-

=0.2mg/l, H2SiO3=5.19mg/l, general mineralization= 73863.04mg/l and Hardness=765.94 (German grade). In the engineering geology zone of the silts and sands (I1), of the silts and sands combination (I2) and engineering geology zone of the proluvial deposits coverage, silts and clays (I5), represent from underground water’s chemical constituents are Na+ + K+= 427.82 mg/l, Ca2+= 97.19mg/l, Mg 2+ = 185.32mg/l, Fe 2+3+ = 0.04mg/l, NH4

+ = 0.07mg/l, HCO3- =

994.3mg/l, Cl- = 388.73mg/l, SO42- =385.58mg/l, NO3

-

=176.0mg/l, NO2-=0.2mg/l, H2SiO3=4.54mg/l, general

mineralization= 2665.07mg/l and Hardness=56.25 (German grade). While in the engineering geology zone of the soft

rocks-conglomerate and claystones rocks (II1 and II2), the underground water chemical constituents are Na+ + K+ = 32.17mg/l, Ca2+= 75.15mg/l, Mg 2+ = 63.23mg/l, Fe 2+3+ = 0.07mg/l , NH4

+ = 0.01mg/l, HCO3- = 469.7mg/l, CO3

- = 6.0mg/l Cl- =30.17 mg/l, SO4

2- =69.54mg/l, NO3- = 7.6 mg/l,

general mineralization= 753.64mg/l and Hardness=24.64 (German grade). From chemical analysis of the underground waters in studied area is concluded that mostly of chemical elements are not aggressive to concrete iron, besides of engineering geology zone of the peat–loam-sands combination (I4), where the underground waters are aggressive to concrete iron due to the values of chemical elements as Mg 2+ and SO4

2- are very higher than allowed standards [10].

D. Physical mechanical properties From fields works [8] in the studied from 1.0 up to 30.0m of

lithological profile were taken 93 soils specimens (57 undisturbed and 36 disturbed) and from 30.0m to 100m are taken 28 disturbed soils specimens, as well as 14 rocks specimens for analysing in laboratory for mechanical and physical properties as grain size distribution, bulk density, Atterberg’s limits, moisture content, specific density, dry density, porosity, porosity coefficient, shear’s strength, oedometer modulus and uniaxial compression strength, etc. In the Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 are given the mean values of laboratories results of soils and rocks specimens taken in the studied area.

TABLE 1

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY UNITS OF SOILS

Nr.

Layer

Physical properties Gravel Sand Silt Clay WL Wp Soils

type % % % % % %

1 nr.1 - 36.2 53.5 10.3 30.1 21.7 CL

2 nr. 2 - 55.3 38.3 6.4 29.4 20.9 SC

3 nr. 3 - 68.5 23.7 7.8 25.7 18.8 SM 4 nr. 4 - 20.9 65.2 13.9 40.1 23.7 CL

5 nr. 5 - 39.8 51.3 8.9 35.6 22.6 ML-CL

6 nr. 6 - 70.5 24.9 4.6 - - SM

7 nr. 7 - 83.8 14.0 2.2 - - SW

8 nr. 8 57.7 27.5 12.7 2.1 - - GM

9 nr.9 - 42.2 48.7 9.1 33.8 21.5 ML

10 nr.10 - 32.2 55.4 12.4 37.3 22.4 CL-ML

11 nr.11 - 25.8 60.3 13.9 - - CL-ML

12 nr.12 63.3 22.7 12.1 1.9 - - GM

13 nr.14 - 11.8 68.4 19.8 41.7 23.4

WL,-Liquid limits, Wp-Plastic limit



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TABLE 2 THE PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY UNITS OF SOILS

Nr.

Layer

Physical-mechanical properties Wn γ γo φ c E

% kN/m3 kN/m3 (o) kPa kPa x104

1 nr.1 25.3 18.8 26.9 18 15.0 0.57

2 nr. 2 28.9 18.9 26.5 28 10.0 0.44

3 nr. 3 27.4 19.0 26.4 30 0.0 1.08

4 nr. 4 33.9 18.5 27.0 14 12.0 0.37

5 nr. 5 29.7 18.6 26.8 16 14.0 0.49

6 nr. 6 - - - - - -

7 nr. 7 27.5 18.9 26.5 28 0.0 0.54

8 nr. 8 - 21.0 26.4 43 0.0 4.00

9 nr.9 27.7 18.7 26.6 15 10.0 0.51

10 nr.10 30.3 18.5 26.8 16 15.0 0.45

11 nr.11 28.1 18.9 27.0 17 20.0 0.50

12 nr.12 - 22.0 - 44 0.0 5.50

Wn - Natural water content, γ-Bulk density, γo-Specific density, φ - Internal friction angle, c -Cohesion, E- Eodometric module,

TABLE 3

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY UNITS OF ROCKS

Nr

Layer

Physical properties Wn γ γo n

% % kN/m3 kN/m3

1 nr. 13 4.7-1.9

24.76-25.22

27.62-28.10 13.50-19.00

2 nr. 15 4.5-7.3

22.20-23.20

24.60-27.90 4.0-14.0

Wn - Natural water content, γ-Bulk density, γo-Specific density, n - porosity

TABLE 4 THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY UNITS OF ROCKS

Nr

Layer

Mechanical properties τc

Rock type

kPa x104

1 nr. 13 0.57-0.81 Molasses rocks, conglomerates

2 nr. 15 0.204-0.243 Molasses rocks, claystones

τc - uniaxial compression strength

E. Engineering geology zoning mapping For the compilation of engineering geological map on scale

1:10 000 are carried out a lot of works like surface lithological investigation on scale 1:10 000, excavation of 44 pits with depth 3.0-5.0m, 35 boreholes with depth range from 20.0m up

to 30.0m and 10 geotechnical drillings with 90.0m up to 150.0m, 44 pits 3.0-5.0m deep, from which are determine the engineering geological conditions up to 30.0m and lithological profile to 150.0m. In different level of the lithological profile in pits and boreholes during fields works were taken 135 soils and rock samples (71 undisturbed and 64 disturbed) for laboratory tests to determinate the mechanical and physical properties, as well as, a systematic measurement of underground water levels were done. Also, to determine the soils thickness or better to say to determine the bedrocks depth, many seismic measurements are done in the studied area [12]. The seismic measurements represented by the velocity of longitudinal waves (Vp). As it showed in the Fig. 7, from this measurements are determine the soils thickness range from 50.0-100.0m on eastern part up to 300.0-350.0m on western part of studied area.

Fig. 7. The soils thicknes determined by longitidunel seismic wave [12]

1. Soils thickness, 2. seaside, 3. altitude isolines

All these lithological, geotechnical, seismic and hydrogeological data enable to compile the engineering geological map of Divjaka area on scale 1:10 000 (Fig. 8). Furthermore, are used the previous hydrogeological and geological works [1], [3] carried in the studied area.

Based on criteria’s as lithological characteristics, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions and physical and mechanical properties of rocks and soils the engineering geological map of Divjaka area on scale 1:10 000 was compiled (Fig. 8). So, on basis of these criteria’s is determined the engineering geology zoning. The Divjaka area according to geomorphologic criteria is divided in two major units:



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a. Flat geomorphology unit b. Hills geomorphology unit

a. Flat geomorphology unit according to criteria’s as hydrogeological conditions, lithological characteristics, soils and rocks physical-mechanical properties, as well as thickness of soils is divided in five engineering geology zones (Fig. 8 & 9) are as following:

a.1. The engineering geology zone of the diluvial and seas deposits cover “I1” (Fig. 8), with thickness 10.0-70.0m and underground waters below 2.8-3.5m. It is composed by several engineering geological layers are nr. 1, nr. 2, nr.3, nr.4, nr.5, nr.8, nr.14 and nr.15 (Fig. 9). The soils of layer 1 consist of inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity-CL and are in stiff condition. The soils of layer 2 are represented by sand-clay mixtures-SC. The soils of layer 3 is composed by and sand-silts mixtures SM. The soils of layer 4 consist of inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity-CL and are in

medium condition. The soil of layer 5 is built by inorganic silts and clays and very fine sands, ML-CL and are in medium condition. The soils of layer 8 are composed by gravel-sands-silts mixtures-GM, and are in dense to very dense condition. The soils of layer 14 is built by inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, CL and are in very stiff and hard condition and is situated on claystones rocks. The layer 15 is built by soft rocks-claystones [4], [5].

a.2. The engineering geology zone of seas deposits “I2” (Fig. 8), with thickness 70.0-150.0m and underground waters range from 1.5m up to 2.5m. This engineering geology zone is built from the combination of the engineering geological layers are nr. 1, nr.3, nr.4, nr.5, nr.8, nr.12 and nr.13 (Fig. 9). Here we are describing the layers nr.12 and nr.13, because others layers are treated in the first engineering geology zone. The soil of layer nr.12 is built by gravel-sands mixtures with little fines-GM and are situated on layer nr. 13. The layer 13 is composed by soft-medium rocks-conglomerate rocks [4], [5].

Fig. 8. Engineering geological zoning map of Divjaka area on scale 1:10 000 [8]

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, engineering geology zones of flat geomorphology unit, 6, 7, 8 and 9, engineering geology zones of hilly geomorphology unit.

a.3. The engineering geology zone of sands-beach and sea’s sands “I3” (Fig. 8), with thickness 150.0-350.0 m and underground waters range from 0.5m up to 1.5m. It is built

from engineering geological layers as nr. 1, nr.3, nr.4, nr.5, nr.7 and nr.8 (Fig. 9). The soil of layer 7 is composed by the



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well graded sands-SW. The others engineering geological units are described in engineering geology zone “I1” and “I2”.

a.4. The engineering geology zone of the peat–loam-sands combination “I4” (Fig. 8), with thickness 100.0-350.0m and underground waters range from 0.2m up to 0.7m is built by nr.3, nr.4 and nr.8 engineering geological layers (Fig. 9), which are treated above engineering geology zones.

a.5. The engineering geology zone of the alluvial deposits cover of Shkumbini River “I5” (Fig. 8), with thickness 100.0-250.0m and underground waters range from 1.2m up to 2.5m. It is composed by engineering geological layers nr.3, nr.5,

nr.6, nr.8, nr.9 and nr.10 (Fig. 9). Due to the soils of layer nr.3, nr.5, nr.6 and nr.8 are treated; here we are describing the nr.9 and nr.10. The soil of layer 9 is built by inorganic silts and very fine sands, ML and are in medium condition, while the soil of layer 10 is consist of inorganic silts and clays and very fine sands, ML-CL and are in medium condition. This zone during rainstorms period several times is flooded.

Fig. 9. Engineering geological models of Divjaka area

b. Hills geomorphology unit according to criteria’s as lithological composition, thickness of soils, inclination of hills slopes, as well as soils and rocks physical-mechanical properties, is divided in two engineering geology zones (Fig. 8 & 9) are “II1” and “II2”.

b. 1. The engineering geology zone “II1” based on soils thickness is divided in two engineering geology sites are “II1-

1” and “II1-2”. b. 1. 1. The engineering geology site “II1-1” represents the

diluvial deposits of hills slope with thickness 3.0-4.0m, which is situated on soft-medium rocks, conglomerates rocks. It is built by soil of layer 11, is represented from inorganic clay and silts with very fine sands, CL-ML and is in medium condition, and layers 12, 13 are described in above engineering geology zone.

b. 1. 2. The engineering geology site “II1-2”, is the diluvial deposits of hills slope with thickness 1.0-3.0m, which is situated on soft-medium rocks, conglomerates rocks are built by layer 11, layer 12 and 13 are described in above engineering geology zones.

b. 2. Also, and the engineering geology zone “II2” based on soils thickness is divided in two engineering geology sites are “II2-1” and “II2-2”.

b. 2. 1. The engineering geology site “II2-1” are the diluvial deposits of hills slope with thickness 3.0-5.0m, which is situated on soft rocks, claystones rocks. It is built by layers 11, 14 and 15. The layer 15 is represented by soft rocks-claystones and siltstones rocks [4], [5]. The layer 14 is the weathering crust of claystones and siltstones rocks. Whereas, the layer 11 is described in above engineering geology zones.



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b. 2. 2. The engineering geology site of “II2-2”, are the diluvium deposits of hills slope with thickness 1.0-3.0m, which is situated on soft rocks, claystones rocks. This is built engineering geology zone is composed by layers 11, 14 and 15 are described. The mean physical and mechanical properties of engineering geology unit described according to each engineering geology zone are given to tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.

IV. SCOPE The purpose of this study is to give base information

according to characteristics of the territory for urban development and planning, especially for the tourism making, as well as seismic microzoning.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Basing on the criteria’s that determine the engineering

geology zoning, the Divjaka area according to geomorphologic criteria is divided in two major units are flats and hills geomorphological units.

2. The flat geomorphology unit according to criteria’s as hydrogeological conditions, lithological characteristics, soils and rocks physical-mechanical properties, as well as thickness of soils is divided in five engineering geology zone are the engineering geology zone of the diluvial and seas deposits cover “I1”, with thickness 10.0-70.0m and underground waters below 2.8-3.5m, the engineering geology zone of seas deposits “I2”, with thickness 70.0-150.0m and underground waters range from 1.5m up to 2.5m, the engineering geology zone of sands-beach and sea’s sands “I3”, with thickness 150.0-350.0 m and underground waters range from 0.5m up to 1.5m, the engineering geology zone of the peat–loam-sands combination “I4”, with thickness 100.0-350.0m and underground waters range from 0.2m up to 0.7m and the engineering geology zone of the alluvial deposits cover of Shkumbini River “I5”, with thickness 100.0-250.0m and underground waters range from 1.2m up to 2.5m.

3. Hills geomorphology unit according to criteria’s as lithological composition, thickness of soils, inclination of hills slopes, as well as soils and rocks physical-mechanical properties, is divided in two engineering geology zones are the engineering geology zone “II1”, “II2”, representing the diluvial deposits of hills slope. Each of engineering geology zone is divided repectively in two engineering geology sites.

4. From chemical analysis of the underground waters in Divjaka area is concluded that mostly of chemical elements are not aggressive to concrete iron, besides of engineering geology zone of the peat–loam-sands combination (I4) and the engineering geology zone of sands-beach and sea’s sands “I3”, where the underground waters are aggressive to concrete iron due to the values of chemical elements as Mg 2+ and SO4

2- are very higher than allowed standards.

5. The engineering geological map on scale 1:10 000 will be used for urban development and planning, as well as seizmics microzoning purpose of Divjaka area.

6. The engineering geology zone of the alluvial deposits “I5” during rainstorms period several times is flooded, therefore it is very dangerous for urban development.

7. The engineering geology zone of the peat–loam-sands combination “I4”, is unsuitable for urban development.

8. It is recommended for urban development to use the engineering geology zone of “II”, “I1”, “I2”and eastern part “I3”.

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