The Establishment The Establishment of theof the

13 Original 13 Original ColoniesColonies

Roanoke and Roanoke and JamestownJamestown

England’s Early Settlement of Virginia

Elizabeth IElizabeth I Reigned 1558 –

1603

Wanted colonies to compete with Spain (mercantilism)

◦ Spread Protestant faith

◦ Provide raw material◦ Be a market for

English goods

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)Sir Walter Raleigh

asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the North America.

Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a chartercharter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

Roanoke 1580s – The Roanoke 1580s – The Lost ColonyLost Colony

Poorly planned and Poorly planned and suppliedsupplied◦ Failed Failed due to hunger and

bad relations with the Native Americans.

◦All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.

John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.

On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.

James IJames I Reigned 1603-1625

Wanted colonies that would economically help England

Wanted to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England

Jamestown -1607Jamestown -1607In 1606, King James I

gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony.◦ Joint-stock company◦ First to settle

Jamestown

JamestownJamestown was named after the King James I and VirginiaVirginia was named after Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen of England.

JamestownJamestown On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia.

Colony led byColony led by John SmithJohn Smith◦No precious

metals found Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown

Hardship in JamestownHardship in JamestownGentlemen do not want

to work.◦ John SmithJohn Smith – “He who will

not work, shall not eat”

John Smith returns to England in 1609◦Leads to poor colonial

leadership

Not educated in how to plant food in Virginia.◦ The Starving TimeThe Starving Time – 1609

Native American attacks

Disease

Jamestown ThrivesJamestown ThrivesJohn Rolfe – arrives in Jamestown

in 1610

Experimented with planting Caribbean tobacco seeds in fertile Virginia soil.

The cash crop was the savior of the colony of Jamestown and Virginia

Free Enterprise◦ Business not interfered with by

government◦ Colonists farmed the land for profit◦ Private land ownershipPrivate land ownership expandedexpanded

House of BurgessesHouse of BurgessesStart of Representative GovernmentStart of Representative Government

1619 – Virginia Virginia Company allows Company allows creation of a creation of a representative representative bodybody◦Gave people a voice in

their government◦Ten towns sent 2

representatives called burgesses to an assembly

◦ July 30 – House of House of BurgessesBurgesses met at a church in Jamestown

New Arrivals change JamestownNew Arrivals change Jamestown

“20 & odd Negroes, which the governor & cape merchant bought…at the best & easiest rate they could”◦Written by John Rolfe

in 1619

Jamestown – 11stst English settlement to English settlement to use African slavesuse African slaves

A Review of Jamestown A Review of Jamestown (Virginia) 1607(Virginia) 1607Created by Virginia

Company of London ◦ Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Company ◦created colony to make

profit for investors

Many hardships faced

John Rolfe’s tobacco plant created wealth

Created House of House of Burgesses in 1619Burgesses in 1619◦ First representative First representative

body in American body in American coloniescolonies

John Smith

The New England The New England ColoniesColonies

The Migration of Puritans and Pilgrims

Plymouth (Massachusetts) Plymouth (Massachusetts) 16201620

Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution

Created Mayflower Compact

New Hampshire 1623New Hampshire 1623John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade◦Portsmouth

Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638◦Some Puritans seek more freedoms

Atlantic Cod

Charles ICharles IReigned 1625-1649

Son of James IDidn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament

Wanted to help the Catholics

Massachusetts Bay 1630Massachusetts Bay 1630Settled by the

Puritans ◦Great Migration

Absorbed Plymouth

Founded Harvard College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers

Town meetings

John Winthrop

Connecticut 1636Connecticut 1636Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans◦Dissatisfied with lack of freedoms in Mass.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut◦Extended rights of citizens

Thomas Hooker

Rhode Island 1636Rhode Island 1636Roger Williams

kicked out of Massachusetts

Believed in the separation of church and state

Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly

Roger Williams

The Middle The Middle ColoniesColonies

The Role of Religion in the Colonies

New York 1664 New York 1664 New New JerseyJerseyOriginally New

Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦Taken for its trade routes & commerce

Became English in 1664

Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)

Originally part of New Netherlands

Became English in 1664

Land sales and religious freedom

Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 16821682

Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan

Peaceful place for the Quaker congregation

Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land

William Penn

Delaware 1682Delaware 1682Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655

Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664

Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands

Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704

The Southern The Southern ColoniesColonies

Geography drives cash crop prodcution

Maryland 1632Maryland 1632Founded as a refuge for English Catholics

Welcomed all Christians

1st settlement St. Mary’s City

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

The Carolinas 1663The Carolinas 1663Founded in 1663Groups of proprietorsMost noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury

His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina

Split into North and South in 1712

George IIGeorge IIReigns 1727-1760

Son of George IStopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart

Georgia 1732Georgia 1732Place to send debtors

Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south

Strict rules; no slaves, no alcoholJames Oglethorpe

George IIIGeorge IIIReigns 1760-1820Grandson of George II

Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada