the european conquest of the americas
DESCRIPTION
The European Conquest of the Americas. Christófo Colón [1451-1506]. Columbus’ Four Voyages. Columbus’ Voyages Spanish Conquests Generally. Religious. Political. The Three G’s. Reasons. Economic. Personal. Activity. Read Columbus’ First Encounters - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Columbus’ Four VoyagesColumbus’ Four Voyages
Columbus’ VoyagesSpanish Conquests Generally
Reasons
ReligiousPolitical
Economic Personal
The Three
G’s
Activity
• Read Columbus’ First Encounters
– How does CC characterize/describe these natives?
– In what ways does he embody the three G’s of the Conquistador?
– What accounts for his bias towards the natives?
Positive and Negative Effectsof Columbus’ Voyages
• Columbian Exchange• Eastern and Western
Hemisphere • Increased
colonization• Changes in gov’t,
science, religion
• Enslavement of people
• Disregard for culture• Destruction of Native
American civilizations• Diseases like small
pox, typhus, measles
• De Las Casas
COMPETE
• With a partner…….– Come up with as many foods that we eat
today that were part of the Columbian Exchange.
– Only rule is…..the Bubba Rule• Shrimp Salad, Shrimp Stew, Fried Shrimp, BBQ
Shrimp….you can fry it, sautee it, broil it….
Magellan’s Route
Global Voyages of Exploration
The Hunt for “El Dorado”
Fernando CortesFernando CortesFernando CortesFernando Cortes
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
vsvs..
vsvs..
The Story
• 1519 – Cortes intrigued by stories of GOLD
• Malintzin (aka Dona Marina) – advisor to Cortes
• Montezuma and the ancient prophecy ‘light skinned god”
• Cortes used other tribes to help fight • The Death of Montezuma• The Siege of Tenochtitlan
The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
vsvs..
The Story
• Spanish priest told Atahualpa he must convert to Christianity but refused and imprisoned
• Promised to reward Pizarro with gold and silver if released, which he agreed to but then killed Atahualpa anyway
• Pizarro easily defeated Incas (modern day Peru)
The Three G’s: Gold (Silver)
Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization
ConquistadoresPresidios
Mission
s
EncomiendaSystem
Presidios
• Fortified bases created by the Spanish to protect against pirates and other invaders
Missions
• Catholic church played central rol
in Spanish exploration and settlements
• Missionaries labored to convert
American Indians to christianity
The Encomienda System
• System in Spanish America
• Indian slaves were forced to
work on huge plantation estates
• Treatment was extremely harsh
What are England and France doing at the time?
• Northwest Passage – Western route above the North American continent in the Artic Sea area to get to Asia
• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time for trade
• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time because own country is in political turmoil
The Middle Passage
8-12 million involved during its time
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Slave ShipSlave ShipSlave ShipSlave Ship
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican CaptivesAfrican Captives
Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
The Scramble for Empire
A Growing Divide
• During Reformation, Spain remains Catholic while England switches to Protestant back to Catholic, back to Protestant
• Vying for Religious and Political Dominance
Reading: America: LBH
• Read LBH Pages 23-27: “The Rise of England”– Explain the interesting and unfulfilled
relationship between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
– What was Henry VIII not allowed to do? – Who ruled England after Mary died?– Explain what characteristics made Elizabeth a
great leader? – How does England become a world power?
King Henry VIII – 1509-1547
Henry’s wives
Henry’s Surviving Children
The Elizabethian Era
• Encourages & Sponsors numerous Explorations• Openly Protestant – growing conflict/competition
with Spain• Holds out war with France/Spain for 25 years by
holding out for marriage – Virgin Queen• 1570 – Cold war with Spain after Pope issues
decree absolving English Catholics from obedience to Elizabeth
War with Spain
• Sir Francis Drake – Queen’s Sea Dogs– Circumnavigated globe– Explored as far as CA– Pillaged Spanish treasure ship, Cacafuego –
Emeralds of Queen’s crown
• Burned Spanish towns, looted Catholic churches• Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 1581 – open
act of defiance against Spain• 1588, Spain (financed by Pope) assembled 130
ships, 30,000 men
England Takes Over
• Spanish Armada --- poor leadership, too big, less maneuverable
• English ships – smaller, faster• Massive storms wrecked Armada
• Victory by England broke Spain’s sea power• Long Term Issue: Inflation• English dominance over the seas = more freedom,
more colonization
England’s Reasons
• Military: set up military bases, establish political
dominance
• Economic: need for trading posts if
found the Northwest Passage, new
trading markets with N.A.
• Population: Overcrowding, Chance at Profit,
Religious freedom
Roanoke – The Lost Colony
• 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh – New Foundland to
Florida - Virginia• 1585-87 – Raleigh’s 2 attempts
– 2nd attempt: John White established colony, returns to England to get more supplies
– Return delayed – War with Spain
• 1590, White returns to Roanoke – Vanished w/o trace - Croatoan
England tries Again
• 25 years passed before England attempted colonization again
• The Charter of 1606, issued by King James I – Jamestown settlement– Joint stock company- How does it work?– 100 men recruited by London company– Many difficulties – Survival is uncertain