The Evolution and Development of the United States NOAA National Weather Service

Universal Radiosonde Replacement System

The Evolution and Development of the United States NOAA National Weather Service

Universal Radiosonde Replacement System

TECO 2005

World Meteorological Organization

Bucharest, Romania

TECO 2005

World Meteorological Organization

Bucharest, Romania

History of NWS 50-Year Old Radiosonde System

History of NWS 50-Year Old Radiosonde System

• One radiosonde provider until 1986

• Systems Upgrades– Minicomputer-based system to

Microcomputer Automatic Radiotheodolite (MICROART)

– Introduced Automatic Radiotheodolite Interface Card (ARTIC)• ARTIC converts radiosonde

analog signals to meteorological units

• One radiosonde provider until 1986

• Systems Upgrades– Minicomputer-based system to

Microcomputer Automatic Radiotheodolite (MICROART)

– Introduced Automatic Radiotheodolite Interface Card (ARTIC)• ARTIC converts radiosonde

analog signals to meteorological units

History of Vendor Interface with Legacy System after ARTIC Introduction

History of Vendor Interface with Legacy System after ARTIC Introduction

• VIZ continued as radiosondes provider• Space Data Division successfully

interfaced radiosondes and became supplier in 1987.

• Vaisala interfaced NWS system via their decoder in 1985.

• Vaisala awarded contract in early 90s– Substituted Vaisala SPU-11 decoder for

ARTIC–Modified RS80-56-H radiosonde

• VIZ continued as radiosondes provider• Space Data Division successfully

interfaced radiosondes and became supplier in 1987.

• Vaisala interfaced NWS system via their decoder in 1985.

• Vaisala awarded contract in early 90s– Substituted Vaisala SPU-11 decoder for

ARTIC–Modified RS80-56-H radiosonde

Advantage of Multiple Radiosonde Provider Compatibility with Generic System

Advantage of Multiple Radiosonde Provider Compatibility with Generic System

• Lower radiosonde cost

• Insurance against supply shortfalls

• Stimulates radiosonde improvement to maintain competitive edge

• Avoids replacement of entire system

• Lower radiosonde cost

• Insurance against supply shortfalls

• Stimulates radiosonde improvement to maintain competitive edge

• Avoids replacement of entire system

Network Replacement Considerations and Realities

Network Replacement Considerations and Realities

• End-of-system life • Winter RDF winds loss without transponder adjunct• Multiple radiosonde providers• Avoidance of vendor driven program changes

– Loss of Omega systems– Loss of vendors, ground systems and radiosondes

• Space Data Division discontinued producing radiosondes and ground trackers

• Vaisala buyout of Air Inc and non-support of product line• Vaisala programmed discontinuation of RS80 Series

radiosonde and selected ground receivers in 2005• Anticipated loss of Loran-C• Loss of OMEGA NAVAID system

• End-of-system life • Winter RDF winds loss without transponder adjunct• Multiple radiosonde providers• Avoidance of vendor driven program changes

– Loss of Omega systems– Loss of vendors, ground systems and radiosondes

• Space Data Division discontinued producing radiosondes and ground trackers

• Vaisala buyout of Air Inc and non-support of product line• Vaisala programmed discontinuation of RS80 Series

radiosonde and selected ground receivers in 2005• Anticipated loss of Loran-C• Loss of OMEGA NAVAID system

Commercial Systems vs System Development

Commercial Systems vs System Development

• Technology Management Corporation evaluated 5-systems against NWS requirements– Commercial systems did not support

multiple vendor radiosondes interface with generic ground receiver and software.

– Ground receivers did not support 250 Km range between radiosonde and ground receiver

• Technology Management Corporation evaluated 5-systems against NWS requirements– Commercial systems did not support

multiple vendor radiosondes interface with generic ground receiver and software.

– Ground receivers did not support 250 Km range between radiosonde and ground receiver

NCAR NEXUS Prototype Development

NCAR NEXUS Prototype Development

• Requirement– Multiple vendors support – 403 and 1680 MHz

radiosondes– Loran-C and OMEGA

based Windfinding– One person operation– Semi-automated balloon

launcher

• Requirement– Multiple vendors support – 403 and 1680 MHz

radiosondes– Loran-C and OMEGA

based Windfinding– One person operation– Semi-automated balloon

launcher

NEXUS FindingsNEXUS Findings

• Not completely open architecture• Required vendor specific decoders• Minimal impact to system hardware and

software with of new radiosondes• Broad-band receiver maximized different use

but enabled interference• Obsolescence of Omega and projected

phase-out of Loran-C• Demonstrated generic system approach

• Not completely open architecture• Required vendor specific decoders• Minimal impact to system hardware and

software with of new radiosondes• Broad-band receiver maximized different use

but enabled interference• Obsolescence of Omega and projected

phase-out of Loran-C• Demonstrated generic system approach

Radiosonde Replacement SystemRadiosonde Replacement System

• Telemetry Receiver System

• Radiosonde Signal Processing System

• Software and Workstation

• Surface Observation Instrumentation System

• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde

• Telemetry Receiver System

• Radiosonde Signal Processing System

• Software and Workstation

• Surface Observation Instrumentation System

• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde

Radiosonde Replacement System

AWIPS

RRS WORKSTATION(RWS)

WEATHER OFFICE

SPS

TRS

RSOISSENSORS

GPSSATELLITES

1680-MHz GPSRADIOSONDE

GPSREPEATER

GPS BASEANTENNA

MULTIPLEXER

RSOISDISPLAY PDB

NOAA NWS Radiosonde Replacement System

NOAA NWS Radiosonde Replacement System

• System– GPS tracking antenna• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde• New workstation and software• Circular polarized radiosonde antenna • Selectable narrow band frequency

– Requirements• Reduced radiofrequency spectrum• Increased data availability and accuracy• High resolution data for users

• System– GPS tracking antenna• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde• New workstation and software• Circular polarized radiosonde antenna • Selectable narrow band frequency

– Requirements• Reduced radiofrequency spectrum• Increased data availability and accuracy• High resolution data for users

Radiosonde Replacement System

• Telemetry Receiving System available

• 1680 MHz GPS radiosondes– Intermet qualified – Sippican qualified and

awarded contract• Software undergoing OT&E• Additional radiosonde

qualification underway– Sippican– Intermet– Vaisala

Commercial Universal SystemCommercial Universal System

• NWS supported 10-station Caribbean network uses– NWS specified SPS– IMS 1500 tracker and

computer software– Sippican B2 radiosondes

• India Installing IMS 1500 Universal System

• WMO GCOS IMS1600 Universal System in Tanzania– Integrates Sippican Mark II

pressure radiosonde– Signal processing system

• NWS supported 10-station Caribbean network uses– NWS specified SPS– IMS 1500 tracker and

computer software– Sippican B2 radiosondes

• India Installing IMS 1500 Universal System

• WMO GCOS IMS1600 Universal System in Tanzania– Integrates Sippican Mark II

pressure radiosonde– Signal processing system

Universal System IssuesUniversal System Issues

• Radiosonde providers may not wish to collaborate with Universal System providers– Small market vs large market– Proprietary SPS transfer equations, and software

utilities utilities to make pressure adjustments and supply radiation corrections

– Make radiosonde bandwidth and power output consistent with ground receiver bandwidth and antenna gain

– Integration of Universal system needs to be fully tested before implementation

• Radiosonde providers may not wish to collaborate with Universal System providers– Small market vs large market– Proprietary SPS transfer equations, and software

utilities utilities to make pressure adjustments and supply radiation corrections

– Make radiosonde bandwidth and power output consistent with ground receiver bandwidth and antenna gain

– Integration of Universal system needs to be fully tested before implementation

ConclusionsConclusions

• Use of 1680 MHz RDF tracker for GPS radiosondes is feasible in areas where 403 MHz band is crowded

• Universal system viable with less expensive RDF radiosondes in areas such as the Tropics and Sub-tropics where limiting wind angles remain above 13-17 degrees

• Universal system enables radiosonde competiton

• Use of 1680 MHz RDF tracker for GPS radiosondes is feasible in areas where 403 MHz band is crowded

• Universal system viable with less expensive RDF radiosondes in areas such as the Tropics and Sub-tropics where limiting wind angles remain above 13-17 degrees

• Universal system enables radiosonde competiton