The FRAME

Key Topic

is about . . .

How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization?

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Details DetailsDetails

• Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor • West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea• Contains the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas• Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy

• Agriculture (limited arable land) • Commerce (trade) and the spread of Hellenic culture (great period of Greek art/culture)• Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

• Mountain terrain helped and hindered the development of city states (protection but isolated) • Greek cities were designed to promote civic (public) and commercial (economic) life• Colonization started due to overpopulation and search for arable land

Introduction to Ancient Greece

How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development

GeographyEconomic and

SocialPolitical

Development

Black Sea

Dardanelles Strait

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea Crete

Peloponnesus Peninsula

Macedonia

Balkan Peninsula

Asia Minor

Sparta

Athens

Troy

The FRAME Routineis about…

So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Essential details

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Greek Mythology

The religious beliefs of the Greeks and how it influenced later societies

The religion of Greece was polytheistic (many deities)

The Greeks believed the gods interacted with humans

Mythology offered explanations of natural phenomena- That which could not be explained

Also explained human qualities and life events- Morals or lessons

We see symbols and images of Greek mythology in Western art, literature, and architecture

Greek gods and goddesses

Married

Zeus:

- King of the Gods- Ruled from Mount Olympus

Hera:

- Queen of the Gods- Wife of Zeus

Aphrodite

- Goddess of love and beauty

Athena

- Goddess of Wisdom Poseidon

- God of the sea

Apollo

- God of music and the sun

Artemis

- Virgin goddess of the hunt and childbirth

The FRAME Routineis about…

So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

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Citizenship in Greece

The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

Members of the Polis:1) Citizens- free adult males; had political rights and the responsibility of

civic participation in the government2) Free people- women, foreigners, and young males; had no political

rights3) Slaves- had no political rights

To become a citizen, free adult men had to serve 10 years in the military

Greek city-states were called the polis

Citizenship was only available to free adult males. There were not equal rights for everyone living in the polis

Main Idea

• Sparta formed an oligarchy—rule by small elite group • Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy• Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights• Sparta developed a militaristic and aggressive society

Details

Main Idea

• Stages in Athenian government: Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, and democracy• Tyrants who worked for reform: - Draco—harsh laws - Solon—favored lower class• Origins of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen

Details

So What?

The FRAMEKey Topic

is about . . .

Sparta vs. Athens

Comparing and contrasting the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens

Sparta Athens

1) Different styles of government divided the Spartans and Athenians2) Athenian democracy is the foundation for modern democracies (ex. U.S.A)

Athenian forms of government timeline:

Description: Description: Description: Description:

Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy

King or Queen of a royal family rules

Rule rich upper-class people

Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler

Rule by the people—people rule the government

The FRAME

Key Topic

is about . . .

So What?

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Details DetailsDetails

Cause: Persia took over Asia Minor and was heading for GreeceWho:Sparta and Athens unite to fight against PersiaKey Battles:Marathon and Salamis Result= Control of the Aegean SeaResult:Athens preserved its independence

• Formed as a result of the Persian War

• United Greek city-states to help trade and prevent future attacks

• Worked until Athens became too powerful

Cause:

Sparta and Athens wanted control of GreeceWho:

Athens and Delian League vs. Sparta and Peloponnesian LeagueResult:

Sparta won, Greece no longer united, and weakening of political power

The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Sparta and Athens=

Sparta and Athens=

Persian War

The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Delian League Peloponnesian War

The FRAME Routineis about…

So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Essential details

Golden Age of Pericles

Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Time of peace and prosperity for Athens

Pericles, the ruler of Athens, extended democracy to most males and they had an equal voice

Pericles rebuilt Athens from destruction that occurred during the Persian Wars

-An example of this is the Parthenon

The contributions from this time have become the foundations for western civilization

Why the leadership of Pericles is important to the development of Greek culture

Contributions of ancient Greece:

Sculpture:- Phidias was the most famous Greek sculptor; built the Parthenon

Mathematics:- Euclid—father of Geometry

- Pythagoras—student of Euclid; created the Pythagorean Theory

Science:- Archimedes—Greek inventor -created the Archimedes Screw, which was used for pumping water

- Hippocrates—father of Medicine - Created the Hippocratic Oath, still used by doctors todayDoric Ionic Corinthian

Architecture:

“Dull” “Eyes” “Crown”

Contributions of ancient Greece:

Drama:-Sophocles—wrote tragedies such as Oedipus Rex and Antigone- Aeschylus wrote over 80 plays—most famous was Agamemnon

Poetry:- Homer was a blind epic poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey

Philosophy:- Socrates—First great philosopher, taught Plato

- Plato—taught Aristotle; believed only philosophers or the highly educated should rule the government

- Aristotle—Last great Greek philosopher; taught Alexander the Great

History:- Herodotus—father of History; wrote about the Persian Wars 200 years after they were fought; exaggerated events to glorify Athens

- Thucydides—fought in and wrote about the Peloponnesian War

Main Idea

• Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak• • King Philip II of Macedonia, led his army to Greece and conquered Northern Greece

• He died before all of Greece was conquered

Details

Main Idea

• Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, age 23, took over and conquered Greece • Alexander adopted Hellenistic culture (Greek Culture) and spread it with his empire• Alexander’s empire stretched from Greece to Egypt• He died at age 33, after his death, the empire was divided• After his death, the Macedonian’s were defeated by the Romans

Details

So What?

The FRAMEKey Topic

is about . . .

Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire

Macedonian conquest of Greece and how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic (Greek) Culture

Macedonian Empire and King Philip II

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great and the Macedonians conquered Greece but kept and spread the Hellenistic Culture

Map of Alexander’s (Macedonian) Empire• Alexander’s Empire stretches as far west as __________ and

___________; and as far east as ___________.

GreeceEgypt India

The FRAME RoutineKey Topic

is about…

So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Essential details

Hellenistic Culture

How Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture around the world

The culture of Greece that came from the Golden Age of Pericles is known as Hellenistic Culture

Hellenistic Age= Blend of Greek and Oriental Culture

Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic culture through trade

Hellenistic Culture developed during the Golden Age of Pericles and was later spread by Alexander the Great