THE FRENCH

AND INDIAN WAR

War fought in the colonies between the French and the English and their allies.

English based their claims on Cabot and French based their claims on LaSalle and Champlain.

The English wanted the Ohio Valley because of fertile farmland or agriculture. They wanted permanent settlements.

French wanted fur trade and did NOT want permanent settlements.

Borders of Ohio River Valley

Ohio River Valley lies between the Ohio River and Canada and between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains

Borders of Ohio River Valley

Ohio River Valley lies between the Ohio River and Canada and between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains

The war started in 1754 when the French and Huron Indians attacked Fort Necessity.

FRENCH ADVANTAGES:1.Single governmental control in

the colonies

2. guerilla warfare

3. network of forts from Quebec down the Mississippi River

4. Huron & Algonquin Indians

BRITISH ADVANTAGES:

1.Larger population; closer together

2. controlled Atlantic Ocean- blockade coast

3. natural resources

4. Iroquois Indians

Albany Plan of Union

Proposed by Benjamin Franklin

Based on the Iroquois Confederation

wanted colonists to join together for defensive purposes

colonists rejected plan

This cartoon was used by Franklin to illustrate that the colonies were not united.

Franklin thought

that colonies would

die if not united

George Washington was sent to warn French to get out of the Ohio Valley. He would build Fort Necessity.

Washington fought with General Edward Braddock. In the attempt to capture Fort Duquesne, Braddock would be mortally wounded.

Washington learned invaluable lessons about guerilla warfare and would use this against the British when the colonies fought for freedom.

William Pitt

British Prime Minister towards end of war

thought that England should pay all expenses of war

put England into debt

Throughout the war the British had a secret weapon. The Indians were convinced that the bagpipes, played by the Scottish regiments, were actually demons out to carry away their souls

Battle of Quebec2nd to last battle of war, English won.

French leader-Marquis de Montcalm and English leader-Wolfe both mortally wounded

Last battle - Montreal

Taking of Quebec by English forces during the French and Indian War

Taking of Quebec by English forces during the French and Indian War

The French and Indian war went badly for the British colonies until Captain James Wolfe took Quebec in 1759.

The British finally won three years later.

The French and Indian war went badly for the British colonies until Captain James Wolfe took Quebec in 1759.

The British finally won three years later.

TREATY OF PARIS, 1763

Officially ended the war

Signed in Paris

England secured more territory in this treaty than any other nation has ever obtained

TERMS:1. Britain received all of Canada,

Florida, French possessions EAST of Mississippi River

2. Spain received Louisiana west of the Mississippi R. and New Orleans

3. France kept Haiti in Caribbean

IMPORTANCE OF FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

1. Colonists became more independent

2. Colonial militia gained experience

3. England decided to govern more rigidly and make colonists pay for war

4. English colonies doubled in size

Pontiac’s War

after French and Indian War

Indians upset with settlers because settlers want to own land permanently

Jeffery Amherst-Indian Affairs Agent

sends blankets contaminated with smallpox to Indians

no natural resistance-die by thousands

North American land claims, 1753North American land claims, 1753