the french revolution and napoleon vocabulary 6-4 … 6-4 powerpoint6.pdfthe french revolution and...

The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Vocabulary 6-4

• Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that time between

Napoleon’s return to Paris from Elba (March 20), his final defeat

at Waterloo (June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII

(June 28)

• Prince Klemens von Metternich: Austrian statesmen and

diplomat; he was the Austrian representative a the Congress of

Vienna

• Indemnity: compensation that is paid to a nation for the damage

inflicted upon it.

• Reactionary: an extremist who not only opposes change but

also wants to undo certain changes.

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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4

Main Idea

After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a

meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe.

Content Statement/Learning Goal:

Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution, French

Revolution and Lain American wars for Independence.

Napoleon’s Fall




Costly Mistake

• Napoleon turned east in 1812 for attacks on Russia

• Was not prepared for attack on Russia

• Hoped for a quick victory before end of summer.

• Gets pulled into battles lasting through winter.

Russia

• Czar Alexander I didn’t like French troops on western border

• Sends troops to border

• Russia hurt by Continental System; country needed imports

• Napoleon did not like Russia troops movements

• wanted to teach Czar a lesson

1) Disaster and Defeat /The Russian Campaign




June 1812

• Napoleon w/ 600,000 troops

• Marched across Russian

border

French Move to Russia

• Russian troops/citizens pulled

east burned towns and fields

• French victory at Borodino, but

Russian army is larger

• Found Moscow in flames, where

they had hoped to stay winter.

Problems for French Army

• New recruits with no loyalty

• Supplies lost or spoiled

• Disease, desertion, and

hunger. 60,000-70,000 desert.

Retreat from Moscow

• Lacked food/supplies for brutal

winter temp.

• Attacked by citizen on march

• Only 94,000 men survived

1)The Russian Campaign-Beginning of the End




• Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied

against France. French Army very weak.

• Napoleon raised another army, but troops

inexperienced

• In March 1814, victorious allies entered Paris.

• Terms of surrender

• Napoleon gave up throne

• Exiled on tiny island of Elba

• Given a small pension and guards

2)Defeat and Exile to Elba



The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Location of Elba




• Allies thought that exiling Napoleon to Elba was the end of any

threat from Napoleon. They were wrong.

• French monarchy restored with King Louis XVIII by allies.

• King was unpopular (brother of Louis XVI):feared return of Old

Order.

• Returned borders of France back to what they were in 1792.

3)The Last Campaigns



The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 44)The Hundred Days

• Napoleon returns after year in exile: Louis

leaves in panic

• Napoleon declared outlaw by allies

• French citizens were split on Napoleon’s return

• Hundred Days- Brief period of renewed glory

• Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that

time between Napoleon’s return to Paris from

Elba (March 20), his final defeat at Waterloo

(June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII

(June 28)




• Duke of Wellington led

final confrontation

• British and Prussian

armies defeat weak

French troops

• Crushing defeat for

Napoleon

• End of Napoleons control

• End of the Napoleonic

Wars

5)Battle of Waterloo

• Tried to escape capture during

battle

• French turn him over to British

• Exiled to Saint Helena

• Volcanic island in South

Atlantic 1200 miles from land

• Remained imprisoned for six

years

• Died at 51; cause of death

never determined

6)Napoleon’s Final Days

The Last Campaigns



The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Location of St. Helena




700 delegates attend the negotiators

• Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain

• Czar Alexander I of Russia

• Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria

LeaderReactionary

• Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France in place of King

Louis VXIII who has retaken the throne of France.

Goals for Other Decision Makers

• Make sure France could not rise again to power

• Remove traces of Napoleon and French Revolution; Restore

order to Europe

• Put down revolution wherever it might appear

• Gave $$ to allies for war

• Redraw map of Europe

7) The Congress of Vienna/The Negotiators




National borders

• Congress changed many borders

• Wanted to strengthen nations

surrounding France

• Reduce chances of French

attacks

Process

• Countries that aided

France lost territory

• Countries that fought

France gained territory

New Countries

• Netherlands created

• Sweden and Norway combine

• Austria and 38 German states

in German Confederation

France’s loss

• All conquered territory

• Boundaries back to 1792

• Forced to pay indemnity,

or compensation for

damages

8)Redrawing the Map



The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 49)Metternich’s Influence

• His reactionary attitudes influenced politics and

society.

• Wanted conditions to return to an earlier time

• He hated constitutions, voting rights, freedom of

religion and press. ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS!!

• MONARCHIES RESTORED!

• Liberal ideas were suppressed in Austria, the German

states, and northern Italy.

• Secret police spied on violators

• Opponents were jailed or fined



The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 410)The Revolution’s Legacy

Was the French Revolution a failure?

Short Term:

• After Congress of Vienna, monarchs ruled again even in

France

– Citizens’ rights restricted

– Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles

Long Term:

• French Revolution changed Europe

– Monarchies no longer secure

– Common people learned they could change the world

– Ideals of human dignity, personal liberty, and equality

– Enlightenment crossed the Atlantic to Latin America,

eventually inspired political movements in Asia and Africa



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