the fruits the frut is the devoloped, fertilized, mature ovary or ovaries of a single flower....
TRANSCRIPT
The Fruits
The frut is the devoloped , fertilized,
mature ovary or ovaries of a single
flower.
Function: to protect and nourish the
seed during development.
• A-Superior Fruits:
• e.g Linseed, Solanaceae, Mustard.
• B-Inferior fruits:
• Cardamom, Umbelliferae
Inferior fruits
Superior fruits
The Fruit is Classified into
• True False
The Gynoecium only The Gynoecium +
other floral parts
True Fruits
Derived from single ovary of one or more united carpels
e.g Fennel
Derived from apocarpous ovary
(separate carpels)
e.g Star anise
Simple Aggregate Composite )compound(
Formed from the whole inflorescence
e.g Mullberry
التوت شجرة
The Fruits
The Fruits
True False
Succulent
Aggregate CompositeSimple
Dry Achenes Follicles
The Fruits
True False
Succulent
Aggregate CompositeSimple
Dry Achenes Follicles
The Fruits
Succulent )fleshy pericarp(
Drupe, the endocarp
is hard and woody
Berry, the endocarp
neither hard
nor lignified
Teeth
Dry )with a dry or leathery pericarp(
Dehiscent: split open when ripe to release the seeds
Indehiscent: don’t split open when ripe )one seeded(
Schizocarpic:
- bi- or multilocular fruit,
- split up into one seed
indehiscent parts
)mericarps(
Dehiscent Fruits
1-Follicle: the splitting along one side only e.g. star anise, strophanthus
2- Siliqua: the splitting by
2 valves to apex e.g
mustard seed
3 -Legume
The splitting along the two sides
4 -Capsule: dehisces by various ways.
Split along the middle septa
Split along the middle line of each locule
As 1/or 2 but seeds remain attached to central axis
Capsule
Split along middle septa
Split open into locules
As 1 or 2 but seeds remain
Split by pores
Partial longitudinal splitting forming teeth
Capsule whose upper part falls off
when the seeds are released-
don’t split open when ripe )usually one-seeded(
Monocarpillary derived from superior ovary, pericarp is memberaneous-not fused with the testa e.g strawberry )aggregates of achene(
a b c d
CaryopsisFrom
inferior ovary
Cypsella
Sycamore
الجميز شجرةالبندق
Indehiscent cont).)
3rd type of dry fruit
On ripening, it splits into numerous one-seeded achene-like mericarps
e.g Labiatae
e.g Castor
الخروع
Polycarpellary multilocular ovary
Composed of 2 or more indehiscent winged parts split from each other
سكر القيقب
2nd type of true fruit
Aggregate Fruits
Achenes: grouped on
swollen or dry receptacleFollicles:
A Follicle is a dry dehiscent fruit which splits
on one side only. It may contain one or many seeds .
3-Composite fruit
Strobile , derived from scaly inflorescence e,g Hops
Syconus
A collective fleshy fruit, in which the ovaries are hidden within a hollow receptacle, as in the fig.
Fig
Long pepper
Serosis )soross(:
derived from a spike )inflorescence( with a fleshy axis and perianthes of the single fruits
fused together. e.g Mullberry
long pepper
3-Composite fruit )cont.(
• As the ovary matures, its wall develops to
form the pericarp, which is divided into
three layers. The outermost, the exocarp,
is usually a single epidermal layer. The
extent of the middle layer, the mesocarp,
Histology of the fruit
• The inner layer, the endocarp, varies
widely, but in any single type of fruit
one of the layers may be thick, the
others thin.
• These layers are generally more
conspicuous in fleshy fruits than in
dry ones.
Terminology of the fruit
Carpophore: Floral axis extension between adjacent carpels,
as in the Apiacea.
Epicarp or Exocar: Outermost layer of pericarp
Mesocarp: Middle layer of pericarp.
Endocarp: Innermost differentiated layer of pericarp.
Pericarp: Fruit wall. Placenta: Region of attachment of
seeds on inner fruit wall.
Ex .
Three-layer structure
shared by all fruits .
The fruit skin
is the outermost
layer, called the
exocarp .
It protects
two inner layers: the mesocarp, and the pit, or
endocarp. Together, these three layers
comprise the pericarp, the thickened wall of
fruit that encases and protects the seed.
)Innermost of mesocarp(
Oil drops
Caox
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