the future of europe - european commissionec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/... · 3.1.1...

The Future of Europe Fieldwork February - March 2006

Publication May 2006

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This survey was requested and coordinated by Directorate-General Communication.

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

European Commission

Special EUROBAROMETER 251 “THE FUTURE OF EUROPE”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 4

1. THE CONTEXTUAL INDICATORS ........................................................... 5

1.1 Are Europeans happy?...................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Harmonious personal and professional lives ..........................................5 1.1.2 Citizen satisfaction with life in their country ..........................................7

1.2 The difficulties of Europeans ............................................................ 8

1.3 How “European” are European Union citizens? ................................10

1.4 Awareness regarding national and European political matters.........13 1.4.1 Interest in politics ...........................................................................13 1.4.2 The direction in which things are going ..............................................16

2. TIME TO TAKE STOCK .........................................................................19

2.1 The European Union’s image ...........................................................19 2.1.1 Spontaneous declarations ................................................................19 2.1.2 Characteristics associated with the European Union .............................23

2.2 The verdict on European Union membership....................................26

2.3 The level of European integration....................................................28

2.4 The successes and failures of the European Union ...........................31

2.5 Focus on the Euro............................................................................33

2.6 The European Union’s performance .................................................35

3. THE FUTURE EUROPE ..........................................................................37

3.1 The expectations of Europeans........................................................37 3.1.1 Best ways to ensure the future of Europe ...........................................37 3.1.2 Political expectations .......................................................................40 3.1.3 Expectations as regards social welfare systems ...................................43

3.2 Citizenship in Europe.......................................................................45


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3.2.1 What is the best way to strengthen European citizenship?.....................45 3.2.2 What is the best way for citizens to ensure that their voice is heard in Europe?....................................................................................................47 3.2.3 Willingness to participate in European consultations .............................49

3.3 Attitudes to globalisation ................................................................52

3.4 European enlargement ....................................................................55 3.4.1 The perceived consequences of enlargement.......................................55 3.4.2 The feelings aroused by further enlargement ......................................58

CONCLUSION................................................................................................60 ANNEXES TECHNICAL NOTE QUESTIONNAIRE


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INTRODUCTION

In the aftermath of the French and Dutch “no” to the Constitution, a period of reflection was opened, based on introspection but also with the aim of closing the communication gap with citizens. This involves critically reviewing the European Union’s successes and failures, with a view to re-launching European construction and preparing for Europe’s future. The launch in 2005 of “Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate” is evidence of this determination to develop an ongoing dialogue with European Union citizens in order to take onboard their concerns, hopes and ideas for the future of Europe. The adoption on 1 February last of the White paper on a European Communication Policy1 is a call for action on how we can close the gap between the EU and its citizens. Communication on Europe is a matter of democracy. In this context, the Directorate-General Communication has commissioned a wide-ranging Special Eurobarometer on the subject of Europe’s future. To this end, almost 25 000 people in the 25 European Union Member States were interviewed, using the Eurobarometer surveys’ methodology2. More precisely, the aims of this study are:

- to gain a better understanding of the state of mind of Europeans and their

approach to Europe; - to analyse how European citizens perceive the image of the European Union; - to assess how European citizens perceive the European Union’s successes

and failures in terms of European construction to date; - to take stock of what Europeans expect today in terms of policies and the

participation of citizens.

This report will begin by addressing the current environment in which Europeans live. It will analyse in detail how European citizens assess 40 years of European construction. It will highlight what Europeans want and what they believe to be the best way of constructing the European Union’s future. The results of this study are presented at the level of the European Union, as well as by individual Member States and, where relevant, by socio-demographic categories, with a view to verifying the assumption that certain patterns can be identified depending on the respondent’s background.

1 The full text of the White Paper can be consulted on http://europa.eu.int/comm/communication_white_paper/index_en.htm 2 A sample of 24 750 face-to-face interviews, carried out in the homes of the people interviewed, is representative of the European population aged 15 and over and living in each of the 25 Member States of the European Union. The interviews were conducted by the TNS Opinion & Social network between 20 February and 24 March 2006.


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Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. (% EU25)

90

84

You are happywith yourfamily life

You are happywith yourcurrent

occupation

1. THE CONTEXTUAL INDICATORS

The attitude and opinions of Europeans on the subject of Europe’s future are quite logically influenced by their living and working environment. It is therefore appropriate to examine the family, professional and economic situation of the people interviewed in order to gain an insight into their state of mind. 1.1 Are Europeans happy? In a socio-economic climate that is often described as depressed, it is important to ascertain whether this depressed climate affects European Union citizens both personally and professionally. 1.1.1 Harmonious personal and professional lives

- European citizens are happy both in their personal life and professionally -

Questionnaire Source: QA3.1 - QA3.2 Despite the gloomy picture portrayed in certain media, Europeans are happy. They are unanimously happy with both their family life (90%) and their current occupation (84%)3. The differences between the Member States are slight, even if the responses tend to reflect a slightly less positive attitude in the new Member States (84% are happy with their family life compared with 91% in the fifteen old Member States), in particular in Latvia and Lithuania (around 80%).

3 QA3. Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. 1. You are happy with your family life; 2. You are happy with your current occupation. Results shown for the item « occupation » concern persons who are currently working.


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The responses to the first two questions are very homogeneous from a socio-demographic point of view. It is nevertheless important to point out that the older the respondents, the less they tend to be satisfied. People living on their own in particular are significantly more dissatisfied than those who live as a couple (76% versus 93%) or in a household composed of four or more people (95%). The unemployed are also significantly less happy with their family life than the rest of the population (83%). The intensity of the responses also varies according to the respondent’s occupation. For example, people in a managerial role seem happier in their work than blue-collar workers (90% versus 80%). Furthermore, the higher the level of education of the respondent the more they seem to be satisfied with their current occupation.


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1.1.2 Citizen satisfaction with life in their country

- Citizens are happy living in their country -

Questionnaire Source: QA3.3 In addition to their satisfaction on a personal level, European citizens are once again unanimous in declaring that they are happy living in their country4. The distribution of responses on this point, and particularly the proportion of citizens who totally agree with the statement, is most positive: more than half of all respondents are very happy living in their country. The differences between countries are slight and are only really discernible in terms of the intensity of responses. For example, citizens in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Italy are less likely to declare that they are very happy living in their respective countries. On the other hand, Hungarians seem to be an exception to the rule, with an overall level of satisfaction of only 59%. Contrary to certain preconceived ideas, there is practically no difference between the responses of people living in rural areas and those living in large urban centres (90% versus 89%). Other than that, children of immigrants from non-European countries are slightly less likely to declare that they are happy living in their respective country (86% compared with 90% for children whose parents are native of the countries participating in the survey). 4 QA3. Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. 3. You are happy living in (OUR COUNTRY)


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1.2 The difficulties of Europeans

- More than one in three citizens has difficulties “making ends meet” - Questionnaire Source: QA3.4 Despite these initial positive indicators, the economic reality cannot be ignored and can be seen as qualifying to some extent the views of respondents. In order to obtain an indication of the socio-economic level of the respondents, we asked them whether they had difficulties paying all their bills at the end of the month5. In fact, more than a third of European citizens (37% exactly) answered yes to that question. However, this average European percentage conceals significant differences between countries. Although the difference between the responses in the 15 old Member States and the 10 new Member States is small (36% versus 40%, i.e. a difference of 4 points), a majority of respondents in Portugal (61%), Greece and Italy (58%), Lithuania (54%) and to a lesser extent in Malta (48%) and Latvia (47%) acknowledge that they have difficulties “making ends meet”. On the contrary, citizens in Scandinavia seem to have far fewer difficulties paying their bills at the end of the month.

5 QA3. Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. 4. You have difficulties paying all your bills at the end of the month


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The profile of the respondents who have difficulties managing their monthly budget is fairly clear-cut. They tend to be above all people aged between 25 and 54 (42%) – that is to say part of the active population, people who left school at an early age (45%), the unemployed (57%) but also blue-collar workers (44% versus 21% of managers).


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1.3 How “European” are European Union citizens?

- Almost one out of two citizens socialises with other European nationals - Questionnaire Source: QA5.1 – Q5.2 – Q5.3 The aim of this question was to gain a better understanding of the role of Europe in the daily life of citizens, i.e. how “European” they are. Do they travel within the European Union, do they read books, newspapers or magazines in another language, do they socialise with people from other European Union countries? 6 The main conclusion is that only a minority of interviewees participate in actual “European activities”. However, the first of these activities is also that which requires the greatest involvement on the part of the people concerned: socialising with people from other Member States (a reality for 43% of interviewees). Citizens from the Netherlands (74%) and Northern Europe tend to socialise the most with fellow Europeans from other Member States. On the contrary, citizens in Hungary (19%), Portugal (22%), Spain (24%) and Greece (31%) seem to socialise less on this level.

6 QA5. In the last 12 months have you…? 1. Visited another European Union country; 2. Read a book, newspaper or magazine in a language other than your mother tongue; 3. Socialised with people from another European Union country


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Otherwise, over the last twelve months, just over a third of European citizens have visited another European Union country. There is a strong correlation between visiting another European country and socialising with nationals from other European Union countries. In this regard, the distribution of responses by country is fairly close to that recorded for the previous point (citizens from Northern Europe travel far more within the European Union than citizens from Southern Europe). If we cross-reference the responses to both of these questions, we note that 75% of the people who have visited another European Union country over the last twelve months have socialised with people from another EU country.


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Finally, almost a quarter of the people interviewed (23%) declared that they have regularly or occasionally read a book, newspaper or magazine in a language other than their mother tongue. Although there is no significant difference between Eastern and Western European Union countries, it should be noted that Northern European citizens are far more likely to read books etc. in a foreign language (with two notable exceptions in the case of the United Kingdom and Ireland where only 17% of British and 13% of Irish citizens read in a language other than English). From a socio-demographic point of view, young people, those with the highest level of education, managers, people living in large urban areas and above all regular Internet users seem to be the most “European” of European Union citizens in their daily life.

« In the last 12 months… »

Has visited another

European Union country

Has read a book, newspaper or magazine in a

language other than the mother tongue

Has socialised with people from another

European Union country

UE25 37% 23% 43% 15 to 24 years old 38% 41% 50% Finished education at the age of 20 or over

53% 39% 60%

Manager / Director 61% 40% 68%

Inhabitant of a big town 39% 28% 49%

Regular Internet user 54% 38% 47%


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1.4 Awareness regarding national and European political matters Before analysing how European citizens perceive the successes and failures of European construction, it is in our view important to assess how aware citizens are of national and European political matters and whether they consider that their country and the European Union are moving in the right direction. 1.4.1 Interest in politics

- Lukewarm interest in European affairs… -

Questionnaire Source: QA6.1-2 - QA24.1-2 As the last European elections demonstrated quite clearly, the level of mobilisation of European citizens when it comes to European affairs is relatively low compared with the turnout in national elections. This difference is equally apparent when comparing the interest shown by European citizens in national political matters and European political matters7. While 63% of respondents in the European Union state that they are interested in their country’s politics, only a minority share that view as regards European politics (47%). It should be noted that 30% of people who have a clear interest in national political matters are not interested in European politics.

7 QA24. Would you say that you are very interested, fairly interested, not very interested or not at all interested in…? 1. Domestic affairs; 2. European affairs


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Equally, while the vast majority of Europeans regularly or occasionally discuss national political matters when they get together with friends or relatives (72%), they are far less likely to discuss European affairs (59%)8. On this point, citizens in Denmark, Austria and Germany seem to be the most motivated to discuss European political matters unlike the vast majority of Spanish and Portuguese citizens.

Regarding the question on interest in European political matters, the cleavages already noted in previous studies on the degree of politicisation among European citizens are once again apparent: women (41%, 13 points less than men), young people aged between 15 and 24 (41%), people who left school the earliest (33%), in other words the most vulnerable categories, are far less interested in such matters.

8 QA6. When you get together with friends or relatives, would you say you discuss frequently, occasionally or never about...? 1. National political matters; 2. European political matters


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For each of the following statements about the European Union could you please tell me whether you

think it is true or false?

22%

30%

EU 25 (3correct

answers)

Interested byEuropeanpolitics

- …which is confirmed by the knowledge test -

Questionnaire Source: QA23.1-3 The responses to the questions used to assess the objective knowledge of European Union citizens with regard to key elements of European construction confirm the results presented above. The greater the respondents’ interest in European affairs, the higher they score in terms of their knowledge of how the European Union operates: 30% of those who declared that they are interested in European political matters were capable of correctly answering all three questions used in this test9 (the corresponding percentage for the entire sample is 22%). As regards this test, it should be noted that men (27% gave three right answers compared with 18% of women), people who studied the longest (31%) and regular Internet users (26%) have the highest scores.

9 QA23. For each of the following statements about the European Union could you please tell me whether you think it is true or false? 1. The European Union currently consists of fifteen Member States; 2. The members of the European Parliament are directly elected by the citizens of the European Union; 3. (OUR COUNTRY) has a European Commissioner


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1.4.2 The direction in which things are going

- The feeling that things will improve at the European rather than the national level -

Questionnaire Source: QA14 As we have seen, the vast majority of respondents are satisfied with their family and professional life. However, opinions on the national outlook are far from being as positive. There is even a certain pessimism among respondents regarding the future of their country10, with 43% of interviewees considering that “things are going in the wrong direction” in their country, compared with 34% who take the opposite view. In other words, there is an important difference between the way in which citizens see their current personal situation and their perception of how it will be tomorrow. These concerns for the future at national levels are particularly strong in the 15 old Member States, primarily in France (68% of French citizens believe that things are going in the wrong direction), Portugal (47%), Italy and the United Kingdom (45%).

10 QA14. At the present time, would you say that, in general, things are going in the right direction or in the wrong direction, in…? 1. (OUR COUNTRY); 2. The European Union


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The results for the European Union are more positive and a (relative) majority of interviewees consider that things are moving in the right direction in the European Union (39% versus 27% who take the opposite view).

However, this European average conceals considerable differences from one Member State to another. First of all, there is a difference of 17 points between the result obtained in the fifteen old Member States (36%) and that recorded in the ten new Member States (53%). Next, citizens are particularly pessimistic in France (48% believe that things are going in the wrong direction in the European Union), Austria (44%), Finland (43%) and to a lesser extent Luxembourg (36%), a country which is traditionally “Euro-phile”.


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On the other hand, a vast majority of citizens in the Baltic States, Poland and Ireland among others, consider that things are going in the right direction in the European Union.

As regards the outlook both nationally and at the European level, women, the oldest respondents, those who left school the earliest and blue-collar workers tend to be more pessimistic regarding these indicators. Finally, respondents are more likely to take the view that things are going in the right direction at the European level if they have a similar positive view of the outlook for their country (76%).


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2. TIME TO TAKE STOCK At a time when the European Union is pondering on its future, it is important to see what lessons can be learnt from the past. In this part of the report we shall successively address the way in which Europeans perceive the European Union, how they judge their country’s membership of the EU, their perception of the level of European integration and finally, the successes and failures of European construction. 2.1 The European Union’s image We have decided to cover this subject by way of two different types of questions. First of all, interviewees were asked to spontaneously state what the words “European Union” evoked for them. Then, we asked whether or not they associated certain adjectives with the European Union. 2.1.1 Spontaneous declarations

- The European Union is above all a symbol of cooperation between the

Member States - Questionnaire Source: QA4 On the basis of the frequency of responses given to this open question11 it would appear that five things first come to mind when citizens hear the words “European Union”. The first two concern the functioning of the European Institutions, while the next three concern specific policies carried out by the European Union. The first group of responses concerns cooperation between the Member States, the decision-making process and European legislation (22% of respondents referred to this aspect). The second group specifically mentions the European Institutions (19%). As regards European Union policies, the Euro figures particularly prominently in the spontaneous responses given by respondents. The single currency has the highest score for policies (15%), ahead of mobility in the European Union, particularly as regards the free movement of services and people (11%) and the Single Market (9%).

11 QA4. When you hear the words "European Union", what comes to your mind first? And what else? (OPEN QUESTION – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE). As a reminder, the coding of this open-ended question was done ex post. Therefore, all the coded responses shown in the annexes were not proposed to the respondents.


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When you hear the words "European Union", what comes to your mind first? And what else? (OPEN QUESTION –

MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

22%

19%

15%

11%

9%

Cooperation, unity, equality, commondecisions and rules, legislation

Europe, EU,European institutions,Membership

Euro, one single currency

Holidays, tourism, easy to work, studyand travel across EU, no more border,

freedom of movement

Common Market, trade agreements,economy, globalisation, business

opportunities

It is noteworthy that the most negative dimensions such as “it is a bad idea and I am against the idea of the European Union…” (5%), “it means a loss of national identity…” (3%) or “it is a waste of time, I regret that my country joined the European Union…” (5%) were only spontaneously mentioned by a minority of respondents. A detailed analysis of the results by Member States highlights certain specific national characteristics:

- Belgium: 30% of Belgians consider that the European Union is above all synonymous with cooperation, unity, equality, common decisions among Member States (versus 22% on average).

- Czech Republic: 13% of Czech citizens spontaneously mentioned that they

regretted their country’s membership of the European Union (versus 5% at the European level).

- Germany: 25% of Germans mentioned the Euro as the main symbol of the

European Union (versus 15% on average) and 18% referred to mobility (compared with 11% overall).

- Greece: 22% of Greeks spontaneously mentioned the single currency and

17% regret the increase in prices (versus 5% on average).

- Spain: 29% of Spanish citizens think above all of cooperation between the Member States when they hear the words “European Union”.


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- France: 39% of French citizens see the European Union first and foremost as a series of institutions (i.e. 20 points higher than the average) and 7% consider that the decision-making process at the European level is too cumbersome (versus 3% overall).

- Italy: 27% of Italians spontaneously mentioned the Euro (i.e. 12 points more

than the average).

- Cyprus: for 21% of respondents in Cyprus the words “European Union” are above all synonymous with price increases.

- Latvia: 18% of citizens in Latvia consider that European Union membership is

a waste of time, however 13% believe on the contrary that it represents progress (versus 8% on average).

- Lithuania: 15% share the scepticism of some of their neighbours in Latvia,

while 21% mentioned mobility within the European Union.

- Malta: 22% of citizens in Malta mentioned the trade opportunities resulting from European Union membership, in particular due to the Single Market (9% of replies on average), but 14% consider that the EU is a bad idea, a regression.

- The Netherlands: for 38% of the Dutch, the European Union is synonymous

with cooperation between the Member States; however 15% of them consider that it is a waste of time and money (7% at European level).

- Austria: the majority of Austrian results can be qualified as Euro sceptics;

18% of them spontaneously mentioned inflation, 16% their disappointment at being part of the European Union and 13% mentioned the potential negative consequences of immigration.

- Poland: for 23% of Polish citizens the words “European Union” have a positive

connotation, such as progress or a better future (i.e. 8 points higher than on average).

- Portugal: A third of Portuguese citizens associate the European Union above

all with its institutions.

- Slovakia: 35% of citizens in Slovakia evoke first and foremost mobility within the European Union (i.e. 24 points higher than at the European level)

- Finland: 14% of Finnish citizens consider that European Union membership is

a waste of time.

- Sweden: 21% of Swedish citizens spontaneously declared that membership of the European Union is a waste of time and money.

- United Kingdom: the United Kingdom result does not stand out from that

obtained at the level of the 25 Member States. In other words, the negative aspects mentioned by UK citizens do not outweigh those mentioned in the other Member States.


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It is worthwhile cross-tabulating the responses to this open question with those obtained for the question on the merits of European Union membership, in order to better understand whether the respondents’ answers to the question on what the words “European Union” evoke have positive or negative connotations.

« EU membership is… »

EU25 A good thing A bad thing Neither good,

nor bad Cooperation, unity, equality, common decisions and rules, legislation

22% 30% 9% 18%

Europe, EU, European institutions, Membership

19% 23% 10% 18%

Euro, one single currency 15% 16% 13% 16% Holidays, tourism, easy to work, study and travel across EU, no more border, freedom of movement

11% 15% 4% 9%

Common Market, trade agreements, economy, globalisation, business opportunities

9% 12% 5% 7%

The table above shows that the responses referring to cooperation and the functioning of the European Institutions are more positive than negative. On the other hand, it should be noted that the Euro is mentioned as much by supporters of European Union membership as its detractors.


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Please tell for each of the following words if it describes very well, fairly well, fairly badly or very badly the idea you might have of the

European Union. (Answers : describes well)

67%

67%

54%

49%

43%

Democratic

Modern

Protective

Technocratic

Inefficient

2.1.2 Characteristics associated with the European Union

- A European Union that is democratic and modern at the same time -

Questionnaire Source: QA9 A large majority of respondents see the European Union as being modern and democratic (67%)12. The European Union is also perceived, albeit to a lesser extent, as protective (54%). Although the three positive dimensions presented to respondents obtained the highest rankings, almost one in two citizens (49%) considers that the word “technocratic” is an appropriate description of the European Union and 43% of respondents believe that the European Union can be described as “inefficient”.

12 QA9. Please tell for each of the following words if it describes very well, fairly well, fairly badly or very badly the idea you might have of the European Union. 1. Modern; 2. Democratic; 3. Protective; 4. Inefficient; 5. Technocratic


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In our view, it is worthwhile identifying the European Union’s shortcomings in the framework of this analysis. Accordingly, we have chosen to highlight the countries which are most likely to opt for negative adjectives to describe the European Union. The countries in question are chiefly the Scandinavian countries, above all Sweden and Denmark followed, to a lesser degree, by Finland. Citizens in the Netherlands, Austria and the United Kingdom are also fairly critical, especially when asked for their opinion on adjectives such as “inefficient” and “technocratic”.

Citizens of the ten new Member States generally have a more positive perception of the European Union’s image than those of the 15 old Member States. It should nevertheless be noted that respondents seem to find it very difficult to express an opinion with regard to “technocratic”, as illustrated by the high level of “don’t know” responses.

« Describes well the idea you might have of the European Union.… »

EU 25 EU 15 NMS 10

Democratic 67% 66% 77%

Modern 67% 65% 77%

Protective 54% 53% 58%

Technocratic 49% 51% 41%

Inefficient 43% 45% 32%


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From a socio-demographic standpoint, the cleavages previously mentioned remain valid: the most vulnerable population groups tend to be the least positive for all these descriptions, in particular as regards the “democratic” aspect (61% of people having left school at an early age) and “protective” (46%). Nevertheless, there is an interesting exception which runs counter to certain conclusions already established: the higher the respondents’ level of education, the more they consider that the European Union is technocratic (59% of people who studied beyond the age of 20) and inefficient (48%). In other words, these criticisms are advanced by people who are traditionally pro-European Union.

« Describes well the idea you might have of the European Union.… »

EU 25 End of education: 15 years

End of education: 20 years or +

Democratic 67% 61% 71%

Modern 67% 63% 67%

Protective 54% 46% 58%

Technocratic 49% 39% 59%

Inefficient 43% 41% 48%


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2.2 The judgment on European Union membership

- European Union membership is a good thing for almost one out of two

citizens - Source Questionnaire: QA7 The judgement of European citizens on their country’s membership of the European Union is the first real indicator as regards taking stock of the building of Europe and its successes and failures. This question has been asked almost systematically in all the Standard Eurobarometers13. The results obtained in this survey confirm the scores obtained last October and are close to those recorded two years ago. Since 1995, the results to this question have been fairly stable: approximately 50% of European Union citizens believe that their country’s membership of the European Union is a good thing, compared with a sixth of citizens who take the opposite view.

Support to the membership of the European Union - % EU

55% 54%

48% 48%50% 49%

10% 11%

15%17%

13%15% 16% 15%

29%27%

31%29% 28% 27%

30%32%

6% 6%9% 8% 9% 8% 9% 8%

12%10% 9% 9% 10%

7% 8%6% 7% 6% 6%

4%

54%

50%49%50%48%

54%51%

49%46%

48%

53%

48%

53%

48%

53%56%

56%

14%15%17%

11%12%14%14%

12%12%12%12%15%

13%12% 13%

28%30%

28%28%28%25%

27%27%27%27%26%28% 29% 28% 28%

4%4%3%

EB43 EB44 EB45 EB46 EB47 EB48 EB49 EB50 EB51 EB52 EB53 EB54 EB55 EB56 EB57 EB58 EB59 EB60 EB61 EB62 EB63 EB64 EBFutur o fEurope

A good thing A bad thing Neither good nor bad DK

13 QA7. Generally speaking, do you think that (OUR COUNTRY)'s membership of the European Union is...?


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Citizens in Austria (33% consider that their membership is a bad thing), the United Kingdom (25%), Finland (also 25%) and Sweden (23%) are the most critical on this point. Moreover, more than one out of two citizens in Latvia adopts a neutral stance for this question (54% compared with 32% on average).

The differences in socio-demographic terms seem relatively significant on this dimension. It should be noted in particular that:

- Men tend to be more positive than women (53% versus 44%);

- The younger the respondents, the more they tend to have a positive opinion on European Union membership (59% of the 15-24 age group compared with 43% for the 55 and over age group);

- The level of education also influences the responses: 63% of respondents

who studied beyond the age of 20 consider that membership is a good thing (versus 35% for those who left school the earliest);

- Those to the left of the political spectrum tend to be more likely to view

membership positively (55%) than those on the right (49%)


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2.3 The level of European integration

- Divided opinions on the political, economic

and cultural unification of the European Union - Questionnaire Source: QA10.1 - QA10.2 - QA10.3 Opinions of interviewees are more indeterminate as regards their assessment of the level of European economic, political and cultural integration14. Although, on average, just over one in two respondents considers that a certain number of things have been accomplished in these respective areas, a far from negligible proportion of them considers that a lot still remains to be done, in particular as regards political unification.

For each of the following areas, please tell me if you think that for…… (% EU25)

44

38

43

10

7

9

32

38

305

7

5Economic unification

of Europe

Political unification ofEurope

Cultural cooperationin Europe

A fair amount has been achieved so far A lot has been achieved so far

Very little has been achieved so far Nothing has been achieved so far

14 QA10. For each of the following areas, please tell me if you think that for… a lot has been achieved so far, a fair amount has been achieved so far, very little has been achieved so far or nothing has been achieved so far? 1. Economic unification of Europe; 2. Political unification of Europe; 3. Cultural cooperation in Europe


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Citizens in the ten new Member States seem more ready to acknowledge progress towards the political unification of Europe (54%) than in the fifteen old Member States (42%). Progress in this area seems to be less clearly perceived in the Netherlands (62% of Dutch citizens consider that very little or nothing has been achieved in this area), France (56%), as well as Sweden and Belgium (52%). When the responses to this question are cross-tabulated with those on the question of European Union membership, there are considerable cleavages between the sub-categories of the European population.


A lot or a fair amount has been achieved in… EU25 A good thing A bad thing Neither good, nor

bad

Economic unification of Europe

54% 71% 27% 43%

Cultural cooperation in Europe

52% 63% 31% 46%

Political unification of Europe

45% 57% 25% 38%


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The table above shows that the more the respondents are in favour of European Union membership the more they consider that progress has been significant in these areas. The opposite is true as regards those opposing membership. We can therefore make several assumptions:

- Opponents of membership are disappointed by the progress made towards

integration, which explains in part their “Euro-scepticism”;

- A lack of knowledge about this process may also lead to some frustration;

- As these opponents expect a priori “nothing” from Europe, they may find a

certain satisfaction in the freeze in the European unification process.


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Which of the following do you think is the most positive result of European unification?

(Firstly and Secondly) EU25

60%

56%

27%

18%

11%

Peace among the Member States ofthe EU

The free movement of people, goodsand services within the EU

The Euro

Student exchange programmes suchas ERASMUS

The Common Agricultural Policy

2.4 The successes and failures of the European Union

- For European citizens, the objectives of the founding fathers have been

achieved - Questionnaire Source: QA1215 Referring to the foundation of the “House of Europe”, Jean Monnet declared: “This first Common Market, these first supranational institutions, are the first steps towards the unification of Europe. The rules, institutions, which we will establish will contribute essentially to guide the action of the men and women of Europe towards peace.”16 Echoing Jean Monnet, almost one out of two Europeans (43%) considers that peace among Member States is the most positive result of European unification17. For more than a quarter of European citizens (29%), the Single Market is the European Union’s biggest success story. The Euro comes in third place in the list of the most positive results (10%). It should be noted that the Common Agricultural Policy, despite being the main absorber of the EU budget, was mentioned by only 3% of interviewees, behind student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS (6%). When interviewees were given the opportunity to add a second response, and when this is added to the first, it is noteworthy that peace (60%) and the free movement of people, goods and services (56%) are equally important in the eyes of European citizens.

15 QA12. Which of the following do you think is the most positive result of European unification? 16 Speech available on http://europa.eu.int/comm/avservices/audio/audio_archives_fr.cfm 17 This is based on the rankings obtained using the first response given by the people interviewed.


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Overall, there are no significant differences between Member States as regards opinions on the success stories of European unification. The results in the individual Member States are more or less in line with those recorded at the European level in terms of rankings. However, some specific national characteristics are noteworthy:

- Citizens in Belgium (54%), Luxembourg (53%) and Ireland (51%), rank the Euro as the second most positive result of European unification;

- For 22% of Hungarian citizens (versus 11% on average), the CAP is one of the most positive achievements of the European Union;

- 21% of British citizens spontaneously consider that there is nothing positive about European unification.

From a socio-demographic point of view, the main variations concern the intensity of the responses depending on the variables proposed: (logically) young people mention more readily ERASMUS type programmes than older people, while the older generations attach more importance to “peace”. The only really significant difference concerns the interviewees’ level of education and professional status (the two are often linked). For example, once all the responses are taken into account, respondents having studied the longest consider that the accomplishment of the Single Market is the most positive result of European unification (67%)18. Finally, it is interesting to note that citizens who are opposed to their country’s membership of the European Union nevertheless acknowledge that European unification can produce some positive results. The table below illustrates this observation.


The three most positifs results of the European unification …

EU25 A good thing A bad thing Neither good, nor bad

Peace among the Member States of the EU

60% 64% 53% 60%

The free movement of people, goods and services within the EU

56% 65% 43% 53%

The Euro 27% 33% 16% 23%

18 If we take into account only the first reply given by this category, peace obtains the highest score (41%, ahead of the free movement of people, goods and services with 36%).


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2.5 Focus on the Euro

- Opinions are divided on the possible consequences of

not introducing the Euro - Questionnaire Source: QA16 Numerous Eurobarometer studies19 have shown that, overall, citizens of the Euro zone have a positive perception of the changeover. They also show however that citizens in the new Member States which are preparing for the introduction of the Euro have some doubts. The aim of this part of the questionnaire20 was to place the people interviewed in a hypothetical situation: what would have happened (or would happen) if the Euro had not been introduced (was not introduced)? What would have been the effects of not introducing the Euro in the Euro zone Member States on foreign exchange markets, the competitiveness of national economies and in terms of inflation? Overall, the (relative or absolute) majority of interviewees both in and outside the Euro zone acknowledge the benefits of the single currency. However, the differences between supporters of the Euro and its detractors are small. First of all, almost one out of two interviewees considers that the national currencies would have been (or would be) more vulnerable on foreign exchange markets. Secondly, 45% of inhabitants of the Euro zone consider that their economy would not have been more competitive if the Euro had not been introduced in their country (38% have a different vision of things). On this point, opinions are particularly divided outside the Euro zone (41% versus 40%).

19 For more details see http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/flash_arch_fr.htm 20 QA16. Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following. If the Euro had not been introduced in (OUR COUNTRY)… [TO ASK IN EURO ZONE] / If the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) is not replaced by the Euro… [TO ASK OUTSIDE EURO ZONE]…

1. The (FORMER NATIONAL CURRENCY) would have been vulnerable on foreign exchange markets / The (NATIONAL CURRENCY) would be vulnerable on foreign exchange markets

2. Inflation would have been much higher / Inflation would be much higher 3. The (NATIONALITY) economy would have been more competitive / The (NATIONALITY) economy

would be more competitive


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EURO ZONE OUTSIDE EURO ZONE

Total « Agree»

If the Euro had not been introduced

If the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) is not replaced by the Euro…

The (FORMER NATIONAL CURRENCY) would have been vulnerable on foreign exchange markets (in Euro area) The (NATIONAL CURRENCY) would be vulnerable on foreign exchange markets (outside Euro area)

48% 49%

Inflation would have been much higher / Inflation would be much higher

38% 41%

The (NATIONALITY) economy would have been more competitive / The (NATIONALITY) economy would be more competitive

38% 40%

The aspects for which opinions are the most divided between European citizens from the Euro zone and those outside, concern the effect of the changeover to the Euro on prices. Some 45% of interviewees in the Euro zone (relative majority) do not agree with the statement that inflation would have been much higher if the single currency had not been introduced. Outside the Euro zone, the opposite is true: 41% consider that the introduction of the Euro can have a positive effect on price increases. An analysis of the results by country reveals:

- In the Euro zone: Germany stands out from the other countries which introduced the Euro by its generally critical view of the potential effects of the Euro. It is the only country where a majority of citizens consider that the national economy would have been more competitive without the Euro. A majority of citizens in Germany, the Netherlands and Austria do not believe that their old currency would have been vulnerable on the foreign exchange markets. Some 42% of French citizens (versus 39% who do not share that opinion) agree with this group of countries that the Euro has not reduced inflation.

- Outside the Euro zone: a majority of interviewees in Denmark and the United

Kingdom have a negative opinion of the single currency. In addition, a relative majority of citizens in Cyprus, Sweden and the United Kingdom consider that their economy would be more competitive if the Euro were not introduced in their country.

A socio-demographic analysis of the results does not reveal any really new elements. Criticism of the Euro tends to be strongest among the most vulnerable population groups: old people, people having left school early and those in unskilled occupations.


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Using a scale from 1 to 10, how would you judge the performance of the European Union in each of the following areas?

(EU 25 Average)

5,8

5,7

5,6

5,6

5,5

5,4

5,4

5,4

5,3

5,2

5,1

5,1

4,9

4,7

3,8

Cooperation in the field of research and innovation

The protection of human rights

Equal treatment of men and women

The promotion of democracy and peace in the world

Ensuring food safety

The fight against terrorism

The prevention of major health issues

Ensuring continuous energy provision

The protection of the environment

The fight against organised crime

The protection of agriculture

Helping poor people in the world

Ensuring economic growth

The protection of social rights

The fight against unemployment

2.6 The European Union’s performance

- A critical judgement with regard to certain major challenges facing society, such as the fight against unemployment and the protection of social rights -

Questionnaire Source: QA13 In order to asses the European Union’s performance in various areas, the interviewees were asked to give their assessment on a scale from 1 to 1021. Only four of the fifteen aspects on which citizens were asked to give their opinion obtained an average score higher than 5.5: namely cooperation in the field of research and innovation (5.8), the protection of human rights (5.7), equal treatment between men and women (5.6) and the promotion of democracy and peace in the world (5.6).

A second group of policies follows with six aspects where the scores obtained vary between 5.2 and 5.5. These policies concern essentially two major areas of concern for citizens: on the one hand security (the fight against terrorism, the fight against organised crime, the prevention of major health issues, ensuring food safety) and, on the other hand, environmental issues (protection of the environment and the continuity of energy supplies).

21 QA13. Using a scale from 1 to 10, how would you judge the performance of the European Union in each of the following areas? '1' means that the European Union’s performance in a specific area is "not at all satisfactory" and '10' means that its performance is "very satisfactory".


- 36 -

Finally, European citizens are more critical of the European Union’s performance in five specific areas, where they have strong expectations. Numerous studies (notably the Eurobarometers) have shown the importance that Europeans attach to these issues22. European citizens are particularly critical of the fight against unemployment (3.8) and the protection of social rights (4.7).

The differences observed regarding the average scores obtained at the national level are not significant enough to be described as representing real national differences in judgement. Overall, the countries traditionally identified as “Euro-sceptics” are also those where the European Union’s performance is judged most negatively in each of the areas in question: notably the United Kingdom, Sweden and Austria.

The only dimension where there is any real cleavage in the results concerns the verdict on the fight against unemployment. The scores vary between 2.8 (in Germany) and 5.9 (in Ireland). Similar to the Germans, citizens in Austria (3.1), France and Greece (3.4) have a fairly negative view of the European Union’s performances in this specific area.

From a socio-demographic point of view, the cleavages already noted above are confirmed here. The following groups are more likely to be critical of the European Union’s performance in these areas: women, the elderly, those who left school early, people with a low socio-professional status and those who believe that things are going in the wrong direction in their country. In other words, there seems to be a need for the European Union to convince above all the population groups which, precisely, seem to be the most disillusioned concerning their national situation.

22 For this point see the results of Eurobarometer 64, which shows that 44% of European Union citizens consider that unemployment is the most important national problem. http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb64/eb64_fr.htm


- 37 -

3. THE FUTURE EUROPE In a social and economic context which is often perceived as gloomy, on what bases should the future of Europe be built? This part of the report will initially analyse the expectations of European citizens and what they consider to be the best ways to ensure the future of the European Union. It will then examine how European citizenship can be strengthened in the framework of Plan D. Finally, it will focus on two challenges which directly or indirectly affect the future of the European Union: enlargement and globalisation. 3.1 The expectations of Europeans The expectations of European citizens for the future of the European Union are both political and social. 3.1.1 Best ways to ensure the future of Europe

- Comparable living standards as the key elements for the future of Europe -

Questionnaire Source: QA11 More than one out of two interviewees considers that comparable living standards is (by far) the key element for the European Union’s future23. Without wishing to undermine this observation, it is important to highlight the difference of 27 points on this point between the results obtained in the 15 old Member States (47%) and those in the ten new Member States (74%). This considerable difference in the perception of the key element for the future of Europe shows to what extent the citizens of the new Member States place this element at the heart of their concerns.

23 QA11. Which two of the following would you consider to be most helpful if anything, for the future of Europe? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS)


- 38 -

Which two of the following would you consider to be most helpful if anything, for the future of Europe?

51%

26%

25%

22%

19%

9%

Comparable livingstandards

The introduction ofthe Euro in all EU

countries

A commonConstitution

A commonlanguage

Well definedexternal borders of

the EU

A common army

The introduction of the Euro in all Member States (26%) and with a similar score, a common Constitution (25%), follow in second and third places. Finally, a common language (22%) and well-defined EU external borders complete the ranking of the elements considered the most helpful for the future of Europe.

The order in which the proposed elements are ranked at the European level does not contradict the national rankings. In almost all the Member States, comparable living standards between countries is seen as the most helpful element. Ireland, Luxembourg and Finland are the three exceptions to the rule: in these countries a majority of interviewees consider that the introduction of the euro in all countries of the EU would be an important way of ensuring the future of Europe (48%, 44% and 50% respectively, versus 26% on average).


- 39 -

The introduction of a common Constitution is mentioned more frequently by citizens of the fifteen old Member States (27%) than by those of the ten new Member States (16%). In Germany, this is the second most frequently mentioned element (32%). This opinion is also shared by 32% of citizens in the Netherlands and 29% in France, despite the results of the two referenda organised in these countries for the ratification of the European Constitution.

Finally, it should be noted that a far from negligible proportion of citizens in Ireland (34%), Italy (32%), Portugal (29%) and the United Kingdom (28%) consider that a common language would be the most helpful element for the future of Europe. With regard to the socio-demographic variables, the differences are more a question of intensity than real cleavages. It should be noted that the higher the respondents’ level of education the more likely they are to emphasise comparable living standards. In the same way, the more respondents consider that the European Union is going in the right direction the more likely they are to highlight this element (55% compared to 51% on average). The introduction of the Euro in all European Union countries is mentioned by 33% of those who consider that their country’s membership of the European Union is a good thing (compared with “only” 13% of those who regret their country’s membership). There is a similar difference of 19 points between these two sub-groups of the population on the question of “a common Constitution” (33% and 14% respectively).


- 40 -

3.1.2 Political expectations

- A wish to see more European involvement at all levels -

Questionnaire Source: QA8 The respondents were asked, for thirteen separate policies, whether they would like to see more or less decision-making at the European level in the future. The results obtained give a fairly good overview of how European citizens perceive the ideal level of the European Union’s intervention. The conclusions linked to the results of this question intentionally do not take account of the competences of the European Union in each of the areas in question24. The first observation is that the difference between “more decision-making at the European level” and “less decision-making at the European level” is always positive. In other words, citizens are in favour of more decision-making at the European level in all the areas in question. Even on issues where the European Union’s performance is considered poor (the fight against unemployment, the protection of social rights and economic growth, for example), citizens still see decision-making at the European level as an attractive proposal.

For each of the following areas, please tell me if you believe that more decision-making should take place at a European level or on the contrary that less decision-making should take place at a

European level?

80

77

75

74

72

70

69

66

65

60

57

56

51

12

12

16

14

18

20

18

23

20

28

30

32

37






The prevention of major healthissues








More decision making at a European level Less decision making at a European level

24 QA8. For each of the following areas, please tell me if you believe that more decision-making should take place at a European level or on the contrary that less decision-making should take place at a European level.


- 41 -

It is particularly telling to cross-tabulate the results of this question with those concerning the way in which citizens judge the European Union’s performance in each of these areas25.

The coordinates of the points on the above chart enable us to group policies in three sub-groups:

- The policies where the European Union “should do better”:

These are the issues which citizens consider to be the most important for their country today. They include in particular the fight against unemployment, the protection of social rights and economic growth. These are the areas where the call for “more Europe” is relatively the lowest because the European Union’s current performance in these areas is seen as disappointing by the majority of citizens. In other words, the European Union must be more convincing here in order to increase its credibility and thus its legitimacy.

25 In order to construct this graph, we cross-tabulated questions 8 and 13 and have reproduced the difference between positive and negative answers (i.e. the balance) for each of the issues tested in these questions.


- 42 -

- The policies where the European Union “could do better”:

Studies regularly show that security and environmental issues go beyond the geographical borders of the Member States. In the fight against organised crime, health and environment, the call for “more Europe” is almost seen as “self-evident” by a majority of respondents. Opinions regarding the European Union’s performance in these areas remain however relatively negative. The interviewees consider that the European Union could certainly make a greater effort on these specific points.

- The policies where the European Union “could improve even more”: These are areas where the European Union’s performance is judged positively. They concern cooperation in research and innovation, equal treatment between men and women, the promotion of democracy and peace in the world. In these specific areas, the European Union must not relax its efforts; on the contrary it must continue to pursue this course.

The vast majority of Member States want to see “more Europe” in all these areas. In certain areas, nevertheless, and in particular in the fight against unemployment, the difference between “more” and “less” decision-making responses is negative in the United Kingdom, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and to a lesser extent Lithuania. Austrian citizens are also somewhat sceptical regarding the protection of social rights. The socio-demographic cleavages are not pertinent here. It is simply worth noting that the unemployed are the first to call for more decision-making at the European level in the fight against unemployment.


- 43 -

3.1.3 Expectations as regards social welfare systems

- More than two-thirds of European are in favour of social welfare systems being

harmonised within the European Union - Questionnaire Source: QA15 In a context where, currently, each Member State has its own social welfare system, 62% of interviewees are in favour of the harmonisation of these systems within the European Union26; 28% are against the idea. This desire for harmonisation in this area seems to be stronger in the ten new Member States (81%) compared with the fifteen old Member States (58%). It is particularly strong in Poland (86%, with 45% of Poles strongly in favour of the idea), Latvia (82%), Hungary (81%), Slovakia (80%) and Greece (80%, including 40% “strongly in favour”). Finland is the only one of the 25 Member States where a majority of respondents are against the principle of harmonisation (50% compared with 47% who are in favour of the idea).

26 QA15. Today, each European Union Member State is responsible for its own social welfare system. To what extent would you be in favour or opposed to the harmonisation of social welfare systems within the European Union?


- 44 -

Although the proportion of people in favour of such harmonisation is comfortable (62%), there are nevertheless significant differences from a socio-demographic point of view, in particular according to certain specific variables:

- Depending on the respondent’s age: 70% of young people aged between 15 and 24 are in favour of such harmonisation compared with 57% for the 55 and over age group (i.e. a difference of 13 points);

- Depending on the level of education: 67% of respondents who studied beyond

the age of 20 are in favour of this, compared with 54% of respondents who studied the least;

- Depending on the size of the household: the bigger the household of the

respondent, the more the respondent is in favour of the harmonisation of social welfare systems;

- Depending on the respondent’s opinion on membership of the European Union:

this is the only criterion for which a majority is against the principle of harmonisation in this area. Thus, 50% of those who considered that their country’s membership of the European Union is a bad thing are against such harmonisation.


- 45 -

Which two of the following would strengthen your feeling about being a European citizen? (EU25)

32%

27%

21%

16%

12%

11%

8%

5%

A European social welfare system

A European Constitution

Being able to vote in all electionsorganised in the Member State where

you liveA President of the European Uniondirectly elected by Member State

citizens

None of these (SPONTANEOUS)

The replacement of national income taxby a European income tax

I do not want to be a European citizen(SPONTANEOUS)

A European Olympic team

3.2 Citizenship in Europe 3.2.1 What is the best way to strengthen European citizenship?

- A European social welfare system and a common Constitution are seen as

the best ways of strengthening European citizenship -

Questionnaire Source: QA20 For almost a third of respondents, the harmonisation of social welfare systems, for which each Member State is currently responsible, would be a good way of strengthening European citizenship27. This result echoes the fairly strong support among Europeans for the notion of harmonising these systems. “A European Constitution” comes in second place (27%), ahead of the right to vote in all elections organised in the Member State where the respondent lives (21%). The direct election by Member State citizens of a President of the European Union was mentioned by a sixth of respondents (16% exactly) while the idea of the creation of a European income tax (to replace national income tax) was mentioned by only 11% of interviewees. At the other end of the scale, only 5% of respondents consider that the creation of a European Olympic team could help to strengthen the feeling of being a European citizen.

27 QA20. Which two of the following would strengthen your feeling about being a European citizen? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)


- 46 -

The variations observed in the questions of the harmonisation of social protection systems within the European Union can be detected again. 52% of citizens in the new Member States consider that a European Social Protect System would strengthen their feeling of being European citizens whereas “only” 29% of citizens feel the same in the 15 old Member States (a gap of 23 points). In detail, the ranking of answers at the European level varies significantly from one Member State to another. “A European constitution” is mentioned most often in 5 countries: Belgium (44%) but also in the Netherlands (37%) in spite of the majority having rejected the ratification of the text submitted in June 2005, in Estonia (35%) and in Germany (34%). The right to vote in all elections seems to be perceived by most respondents as a way to strengthen the European identity in the following 5 Member States: in Denmark (50%), Ireland (45%), Luxembourg (45%), Malta (40%) and Sweden (38%). It is interesting to note that a quarter of respondents in the United Kingdom spontaneously declare that they do not want to be European citizens. It is worth mentioning that respondents’ opinion on membership of their country of the European Union has a significant influence on the results: “A European Constitution” is most often mentioned by citizens who assess that membership of their country is a good thing (38% as opposed to the 12% who think that the membership to the European Union is a bad thing).


- 47 -

QA21. Which two of the following do you think are the best ways of ensuring one’s voice is heard by decision-makers?

56%

15%

13%

10%

9%

9%

8%

7%

7%

Voting in elections

Signing a petition

Joining a political party

Joining a demonstration

Joining a trade union

Being a member of a consumerassociation

Going on strike

Being a member or supporter of anNGO

Participate in debates using theInternet

3.2.2 What is the best way for citizens to ensure that their voice is heard in Europe?

- The traditional forms of representative democracy -

Questionnaire Source: QA21 In the context of an almost general decline in voter turnout at European elections which, for some, is often see as a political representation crisis, it is important to examine the means available to citizens to ensure that their voice is heard by decision-makers. The results of this study show however that “voting in elections” is still, for the majority of European citizens (56%), the most appropriate way of ensuring that their voice is heard by decision-makers28. A second group of possible options follows some way behind, with between 10 and 15% of citations: signing a petition (15%), joining a political party (13%) or joining a demonstration (10%). Citizens seem to find alternatives such as joining a consumer association, an NGO or a trade union less relevant (9%). Only 7% of respondents mentioned participating in debates on the Internet.

28 QA21. Which two of the following do you think are the best ways of ensuring one’s voice is heard by decision-makers? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)


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There are no significant differences in the ranking of the responses from one Member State to another. It is simply noteworthy that for the vast majority of Danish citizens (83%), “voting in elections” seems to be the best way of making their voice heard by decision-makers, while in Estonia (35%) and Lithuania (39%) this possibility is mentioned far less frequently. For 27% of Greeks (versus 15% on average), “signing a petition” is the best solution. For 19% of citizens in Slovakia, 17% of citizens in Greece and 14% of Polish citizens (compared with 8% on average), “going on strike” is a good way of making sure that their voice is heard. Estonia is an exception as regards the Internet with 28% of interviewees there mentioning “participating in debates using the Internet” as an effective solution. From a socio-demographic point of view, there are no variations in the overall ranking of responses. Only the intensity of replies differs slightly, but not sufficiently to be considered as really discriminating.


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3.2.3 Willingness to participate in European consultations

- A constantly evolving participative democracy -

Questionnaire Source: QA22.1 – QA22.2 In order to attempt to measure the degree of political mobilisation of citizens on European matters, interviewees were invited to indicate their willingness to participate in two distinct forms of consultation or expression29: on the one hand, a European referendum on a European issue and, on the other hand, signing a European wide petition to tackle some issues at the European level rather than nationally. The second proposal referred directly to in the European Constitution known as the “citizens’ right of initiative”30. Before analysing the results in detail, it is necessary to emphasis that the aim of this question is not to predict a future turnout rate in such a referendum or any such petition. In any case it alone would not be sufficient for that purpose. In addition, it remains limited, at least as regards the hypothesis of a European referendum, according to national laws currently in force. It is for this reason that we have intentionally chosen to present the results to this question, not according to the average score obtained, but solely on the basis of the responses giving a score of “10”. These are the respondents who are the most likely to participate in a referendum or sign a petition even though they are in a context which (at least for the time being) is completely extraneous to this type of hypothesis. The first observation is that citizens seem to be more attracted by the idea of participating in European referenda organised on the same day in all European Union Member States than signing a petition at a European level to tackle problems at a European level rather than at a national one. Thus, almost a third of interviewees (31%) declared that they would definitely partake in such a referendum compared with 19% for a petition.

29 QA22. Using a scale from 1 to 10, how likely would you be to participate in the following? '1' means that you "would definitely not partake" and '10' means that you "would be very likely to partake". 1. Voting in referenda organised on the same day in all European Member States on European issues; 2. Signing a European wide petition to tackle some issues at a European level rather than nationally 30 Art.I-47.4 of the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.


- 50 -

Danish citizens seem to be by far the most enthusiastic about the idea of organising such European consultations (73% declared that they would definitely participate), ahead of citizens in Sweden (55%) and Luxembourg (52%, in a country where voting is compulsory). The Netherlands (47%) and France (41%) follow with proportions that are considerably lower than the turnout rates recorded at the time of the two referenda on the Constitution which were organised in those two countries in 200531. Citizens in Portugal (10%), Spain (14%) and Slovakia (16%) are the least motivated by this type of referendum.

31 The turnout rate for the referendum of 29 May 2005 in France was 69.4%; the rate was 62.7% for the referendum held on 1st June in the Netherlands.


- 51 -

The results for signing “a European petition” are far less pronounced: less than one out of five Europeans would definitely sign such a document (19%). Citizens in Denmark (23%) and Sweden (14%), despite the fact they are very positive about voting in a referendum on European issues, are more reticent as regards the possibility of signing a European wide petition. Citizens in Luxembourg (31%), Greece (31%) and Poland (26%) seem more attracted. In general, the more the respondents have a positive perception of the EU membership, the more they are willing to participate in referenda or use the citizens’ right of initiative. In the same way, the more the interviewees feel that things are going in the right direction (in their country or in the European Union), the more they seem willing to participate in this means of consultation or expression.


- 52 -

3.3 Attitudes to globalisation

- “Globalisation” is seen as being first and foremost a “threat”-

Questionnaire Source: QA17 The future Europe will also be a Europe which is capable of responding to the concerns of a growing number of its citizens regarding the increasing globalisation of the economy. This seems to be the message conveyed by a (relative) majority of Europeans: 47% of interviewees consider first and foremost that globalisation is a threat to employment and companies in their country (compared with 37% who see it as a good opportunity for companies in their country)32.

Even if the results at the European level seem to be fairly divided, it is important to underline that this indicator has evolved negatively over time. This question was asked in a Flash Eurobarometer which covered the 15 Member States of the EU at that time33. In October 2003, 56% of Europeans saw globalisation as “a good opportunity”. When the results are compared for the same geographical areas (Europe composed of the 15 old Member States), the percentage has fallen by 20 points on this34.

32 QA17. Which of the following two propositions is the one which is closest to your opinion with regard to globalisation? 33 For more details on this study (conducted by telephone and not face-to-face) devoted specifically to the subject of globalisation see http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/flash/FL151bGlobalisationRapportfin.pdf 34 19 points if we take the European Union average at the time of the two surveys.


- 53 -

Which of the following two propositions is the one which is closest to your opinion with regard to globalisation?

77

54 53 5147 46 45 44 43 42 39 38 37 37 37 35 34 34 33 32 31 28 28 25 23 21

16

37 38

22

34 3138 40

45

22

35

57

4740

53

33

59

47

64

5247

59

49

7265

72

DK SE NL EE SK PL UK MT CZ LT IE FI EU25

IT SI ES DE PT BE AT LV LU HU EL CY FR

Globalisation represents a good opportunity for (NATIONALITY) companies thanks to the opening-up of marketsGlobalisation represents a threat to employment and companies in (OUR COUNTRY)

Although a relative majority of interviewees in the 15 old Member States seem concerned by the consequences of globalisation (49%), the situation is almost the opposite in the new Member States: 42% of citizens from the ten new Member States have a positive perception of this phenomenon. Only eleven of the twenty-five Member States see globalisation above all as an opportunity for national companies. Danish citizens (77%) and Swedish citizens (54%) are the most positive in their assessment of the consequences of globalisation. On the other hand, the vast majority of French citizens (72%), Greeks (72% also) and Belgians (64%) seem to be the most worried about globalisation.


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Which of the following two propositions is the one which is closest to your opinion with regard to globalisation? (EU25)

37

45

41

35

31

26

35

46

49

50

1866

37

39

44

51

48

47

51

46

42

47 EU25

15-24

25-39

40-54

55 +

15

16-19

20+

Still Studying

A good thing

A bad thing

AGE

END (OF EDUCATION)

EU MEMBERSHIP

Young people aged from 15 to 24 seem to be far more optimistic than the older generations (45% versus 31% of people aged 55 and over) about the consequences of globalisation. There is also a positive correlation between the respondents having been in higher education and a positive attitude to globalisation. It is also noteworthy that people on the right of the political spectrum tend to be more positive about globalisation (44%) than those on the left (36%). The majority of those who consider that things are going in the right direction in their country (52%), also consider that globalisation is a good opportunity for their country’s economy. The exact opposite is true for people who consider that things are going in the wrong direction in their country. Regular Internet users are particularly divided on this issue: 46% see this process as a real opportunity for companies in their country, compared with 45% who consider that globalisation represents a threat to employment and companies in their country. Finally, one respondent in two who thinks that European Union membership is a good thing also considers that globalisation is a good opportunity. Only 18% share that opinion among those who are against their country’s membership of the European Union.


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3.4 European enlargement 3.4.1 The perceived consequences of enlargement

- Opinions are divided about further enlargement - Questionnaire Source: QA18.1 – QA18.2 – QA18.3 – QA18.4 Overall, more than one out of two Europeans (55%) considers European Union enlargement as something positive35. A third do not agree with that view. The responses obtained in the ten new Member States are significantly more positive (69%) than those recorded in the fifteen old Member States (53%) An analysis of the results by country shows that only three countries have a majority of negative responses on this. Two of them joined the European Union in 1995, (that is to say before the latest wave of enlargement) and one of them is a founding member of the European Union. The three countries in question are Austria (52%), France (52% also) and Finland (50%).

35 QA18. Could you tell me to what extend you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. 1. Further European Union enlargement would increase problems on the (NATIONALITY) job market; 2. Due to the enlargement of the European Union, many products have become cheaper; 3. Further European Union enlargement improves the influence of the European Union in the world; 4. Overall, the enlargement of the European Union is something positive


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The map above shows that the vast majority of citizens in Slovenia (76%) and Poland (72%) consider that the enlargement of the European Union is something positive. In the fifteen old Member States, citizens in Sweden are the most positive about enlargement (66%). Otherwise, 61% of respondents agree with the statement that further enlargement of the EU improves its influence in the world. This opinion is expressed more frequently in the ten new Member States (72% versus 58% in the fifteen old Member States). However, this initial positive assessment conceals certain fairly severe criticisms of the consequences of enlargement, in particular as regards national job markets. Some 63% of interviewees consider that further enlargement of the European Union would increase problems on their country’s job market. In these circumstances and given in particular the importance that Europeans attach to the fight against unemployment, this is a fear which the European Union must address. This concern is particularly strong in Cyprus (82%), Germany (80%), Austria (75%) and France (72%). It seems less to the fore in Poland (45%), Lithuania (45%) and the Czech Republic (49%).


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Finally, only a minority of respondents are convinced of the argument that the enlargement of the European Union has resulted in a certain number of products becoming cheaper (34%, versus 57% who do not share this opinion). They are mainly to be found in Sweden (69%), Cyprus (55%) and Denmark (53%).

Once again, the most vulnerable categories (the elderly, people who left school early, the lowest socio-professional categories and the unemployed) are those that express the most forcefully their fears regarding further enlargement and who, logically, have the most difficulty perceiving its benefits.


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When you hear discussions about further enlargement of the European Union, which of the following first comes to mind?

30%

17%

15%

12%

9%

8%

4%

2%

5%

Hope

Indifference

Fear

Annoyance

Frustration

Satisfaction

Excitement

Other (SPONT.)

DK

3.4.2 The feelings aroused by further enlargement

- The feelings aroused by further enlargement tend to be positive -

Questionnaire Source: QA19 Citizens often see their relationship with Europe in emotional terms, sometimes to the detriment of rational judgement. It is for this reason that we have attempted to understand what type of feelings the idea of further enlargement can inspire36. The feelings that emerge first from the list proposed to respondents are the positive ones: “hope” alone is mentioned by 30%. If we add the other positive feelings, namely “satisfaction” (8%) and “excitement” (4%), positive feelings total 42%. Nevertheless, more than a third of respondents (36%) have negative feelings when they hear discussions about further enlargement of the European Union: 15% are afraid, 12% are annoyed and 9% are frustrated. Finally, 17% of the people interviewed declared that the question of further enlargement leaves them “indifferent”.

36 QA19. When you hear discussions about further enlargement of the European Union, which of the following first comes to mind?


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In confirmation of the previous results, citizens in Austria, France and Finland are the first to express negative feelings with regard to the prospect of further enlargement. Citizens in Germany and Luxembourg are not far behind with approximately a quarter of them expressing “fear” (23% and 29% respectively, versus 15% on average). It should be noted that 23% of those who consider that their country’s membership of the European Union is a bad thing, expressed “fear” compared with 11% of those who declared that they are satisfied with their country’s membership. On the other hand, there is little difference between the feelings expressed according to whether or not the respondents have difficulties paying all their bills at the end of the month. In other words, opposition to further enlargement does not necessarily depend on the respondent’s financial situation.


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CONCLUSION

This Eurobarometer survey foreseen in Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate37 meant taking citizens’ pulse on the future of Europe. It is now important to prepare Europe’s future, to re-launch the debate and above all take onboard the expectations of European citizens. From the point of view of contextual indicators, Europeans do not hesitate to express their happiness at the current time, both as regards their personal situation and professionally. However, at the same time, this happiness is etched with a certain pessimism, which is notably expressed in worries or fears about matters such as globalisation, further enlargement or the feeling that the wrong direction is being followed at the national level. At this stage it is possible to detect an initial difference in the way citizens perceive the European and national situations: there is greater optimism about the direction in which things are going at the European level. In other words, there is a feeling that not everything has yet been tried at the European level, and is evident from the fact that a majority favour decision-making at the European level. The fact that citizens spontaneously associate the European Union with notions such as “cooperation, unity, equality, common decisions and rules, legislation” shows to what extent it would appear to be a good idea to work together to find common solutions to the problems that affect all the Member States. This survey shows that the European Union has a positive “image”. It is above all perceived as democratic, modern and protective. However, that does not prevent its main and loyal supporters from criticising its technocratic and to a certain extent inefficient character. Although almost one in two respondents considers that membership of the European Union is positive the fact remains that certain criticisms are levelled at the lack of political and cultural integration at the European level. If the objectives fixed by the founding fathers, namely peace and the Internal Market have been achieved and are recognised by Europeans as symbols of success of the European Union, Europe does not escape criticism. The criticisms expressed chiefly concern issues identified as essential by Europeans, in particular the fight against unemployment, the protection of social rights and economic growth. In these specific areas, citizens consider that the European Union’s performance has been poor. Europeans expect more Europe, in areas as wide-ranging as the economy, security, the environment or research and innovation. For Europeans, the element which is perceived to be of most importance for the future of Europe is by far, comparable living standards, followed then by the introduction of the Euro in all Member States and a common Constitution. The elements perceived as strengthening the feeling of being European are a European social security system, a European Constitution or citizens’ right to vote in all elections in the Member State where they are resident. 37 Full text of Plan ‘D’ for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate is available at http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2005/com2005_0494en01.pdf


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To ensure that their voice is heard by decision-makers, European citizens still support the traditional forms of representative democracy. Indeed they seem to prefer these to other forms of participative democracy, however without rejecting the latter. However, a far from negligible proportion of citizens are keen on the idea of holding a true European referendum, organised on the same day in all the Member States, on a European issue. In this Eurobarometer survey, Europeans simultaneously express both fears and expectations with regard to Europe. A strong Europe and solidarity appear to be increasingly necessary for guaranteeing the security (economic, social, internal) challenges ahead. Its capacity to respond to expectations and to prepare Europeans for what’s ahead is what the future of Europe depends upon.


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TECHNICAL NOTE

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N° 251 “The future of Europe”

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Between the 20th of February 2006 and the 24st of March 2006, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between Taylor Nelson Sofres and EOS Gallup Europe, carried out wave 65.1 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General Press and Communication, Opinion Polls. The SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N° 251 is part of wave 65.1 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.

For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed above. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:

Observed percentages 10% or 90% 20% or 80% 30% or 70% 40% or 60% 50%

Confidence limits ± 1.9 points ± 2.5 points ± 2.7 points ± 3.0 points ± 3.1 points

ABBREVIATIONS COUNTRIES INSTITUTES N°

INTERVIEWS FIELDWORKDATES POPULATION15+

BE Belgium TNS Dimarso 1.020 21/02/2006 18/03/2006 8.598.982 CZ Czech Rep. TNS Aisa 1.036 25/02/2006 13/03/2006 8.571.710 DK Denmark TNS Gallup DK 1.002 24/02/2006 23/03/2006 4.380.063 DE Germany TNS Infratest 1.526 24/02/2006 19/03/2006 64.174.295 EE Estonia Emor 1.005 01/03/2006 22/03/2006 887.094 EL Greece TNS ICAP 1.000 26/02/2006 24/03/2006 8.674.230 ES Spain TNS Demoscopia 1.009 20/02/2006 20/03/2006 35.882.820 FR France TNS Sofres 1.022 24/02/2006 20/03/2006 44.010.619 IE Ireland TNS MRBI 1.000 22/02/2006 23/03/2006 3.089.775 IT Italy TNS Abacus 1.003 22/02/2006 20/03/2006 49.208.000 CY Rep. of Cyprus Synovate 508 22/02/2006 19/03/2006 552.213 LV Latvia TNS Latvia 1.016 24/02/2006 20/03/2006 1.394.351 LT Lithuania TNS Gallup Lithuania 1.004 24/02/2006 19/03/2006 2.803.661 LU Luxembourg TNS ILReS 502 20/02/2006 16/03/2006 367.199 HU Hungary TNS Hungary 1.009 25/02/2006 15/03/2006 8.503.379 MT Malta MISCO 500 22/02/2006 18/03/2006 322.917 NL Netherlands TNS NIPO 1.062 27/02/2006 21/03/2006 13.242.328

AT Austria Österreichisches Gallup-Institute 1.041 23/02/2006 15/03/2006 6.679.444

PL Poland TNS OBOP 1.000 25/02/2006 19/03/2006 31.610.437 PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE 1.011 20/02/2006 19/03/2006 8.080.915 SI Slovenia RM PLUS 1.055 22/02/2006 20/03/2006 1.663.869 SK Slovakia TNS AISA SK 1.092 24/02/2006 14/03/2006 4.316.438 FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy 1.004 23/02/2006 21/03/2006 4.279.286 SE Sweden TNS GALLUP 1.001 22/02/2006 19/03/2006 7.376.680 UK United Kingdom TNS UK 1.322 24/02/2006 23/03/2006 47.685.578

TOTAL 24.750 20/02/2006 24/03/2006 366.356.283


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ANNEXES

TOTAL Often From time to time Rarely Never DKUE25 EU25 24750 17% 42% 25% 16% 0%BE 1020 17% 48% 21% 14% - CZ 1036 10% 34% 33% 22% 0%DK 1002 23% 46% 20% 11% 0%D-W 1021 14% 39% 34% 13% 0%DE 1526 14% 40% 33% 13% 0%D-E 505 14% 46% 31% 9% 0%EE 1005 20% 41% 27% 12% 1%EL 1000 26% 42% 21% 12% - ES 1009 18% 36% 23% 23% 0%FR 1022 16% 44% 23% 17% 0%IE 1000 12% 42% 26% 18% 1%IT 1003 18% 47% 23% 12% 0%CY 508 28% 39% 18% 14% 1%LV 1016 19% 40% 27% 14% 0%LT 1004 28% 42% 19% 12% 0%LU 502 23% 46% 17% 15% 1%HU 1009 19% 38% 28% 15% 0%MT 500 27% 42% 22% 8% 1%NL 1062 32% 56% 9% 2% 1%AT 1041 12% 48% 29% 10% 1%PL 1000 13% 35% 30% 21% 1%PT 1011 22% 34% 24% 19% 1%SI 1055 10% 33% 34% 23% 0%SK 1092 13% 38% 33% 15% 0%FI 1004 12% 37% 33% 18% - SE 1001 25% 43% 23% 9% 0%UK 1322 14% 44% 23% 18% 1%SexMale 11939 19% 43% 24% 14% 0%Female 12811 15% 41% 27% 17% 0%Age15-24 3778 23% 44% 21% 12% 0%25-39 6533 18% 45% 24% 12% 0%40-54 6346 19% 42% 25% 14% 0%55 + 8093 12% 37% 29% 22% 0%Education (End of)15 5939 12% 35% 29% 23% 0%16-19 10022 15% 43% 26% 16% 0%20+ 6130 21% 46% 23% 10% 0%Still Studying 2295 24% 45% 21% 9% 0%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 23% 42% 23% 12% 0%Managers 2431 23% 47% 21% 8% 0%Other white collars 2618 17% 48% 25% 10% 0%Manual workers 5253 17% 42% 26% 15% 0%House persons 2382 12% 39% 28% 20% 0%Unemployed 1637 17% 41% 23% 18% 0%Retired 6113 11% 36% 29% 23% 0%Students 2295 24% 45% 21% 9% 0%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 18% 41% 25% 17% 0%No 14058 16% 42% 26% 15% 0%Membership EUA good thing 12049 20% 45% 24% 12% 0%A bad thing 3589 17% 39% 25% 19% 0%Neither good nor bad 8020 13% 40% 29% 18% 0%

QA1 When you hold a strong opinion, do you ever find yourself persuading your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share your views? Does this happen...?

TOTALIn the last seven

days

Over a week ago but in the last

month

Over a month ago but in the last three

months

Over three months ago but in the last

six months

Over six months ago but in the last

yearOver a year ago

Never used the Internet

DK

UE25 EU25 24750 42% 6% 3% 2% 2% 3% 43% 0%BE 1020 53% 3% 2% 1% 1% 3% 37% - CZ 1036 41% 9% 3% 2% 2% 3% 41% 0%DK 1002 74% 3% 1% 1% 0% 1% 19% 0%D-W 1021 48% 6% 2% 1% 0% 2% 40% 0%DE 1526 46% 6% 2% 1% 0% 3% 41% 0%D-E 505 39% 8% 4% 1% 1% 4% 43% - EE 1005 53% 7% 2% 1% 1% 2% 33% 1%EL 1000 15% 5% 2% 1% 2% 3% 72% - ES 1009 35% 6% 3% 1% 2% 2% 50% 0%FR 1022 46% 4% 2% 1% 1% 3% 43% - IE 1000 39% 8% 3% 2% 2% 4% 43% 1%IT 1003 27% 11% 4% 3% 5% 2% 48% 1%CY 508 26% 4% 1% 1% 1% 3% 63% 1%LV 1016 42% 5% 2% 1% 1% 2% 48% 0%LT 1004 34% 5% 2% 1% 2% 2% 53% 0%LU 502 56% 4% 1% 1% 1% 2% 35% 0%HU 1009 24% 6% 3% 1% 1% 4% 61% 0%MT 500 34% 4% 1% 1% 1% 2% 56% 1%NL 1062 83% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 12% - AT 1041 42% 10% 4% 1% 1% 2% 40% 1%PL 1000 35% 5% 3% 1% 1% 2% 51% 1%PT 1011 24% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 62% 1%SI 1055 41% 7% 3% 1% 1% 2% 44% 0%SK 1092 28% 8% 4% 3% 2% 5% 49% 1%FI 1004 63% 6% 2% 1% 1% 1% 26% - SE 1001 75% 4% 2% 0% 1% 2% 17% - UK 1322 52% 5% 2% 3% 1% 4% 32% 0%SexMale 11939 48% 6% 3% 1% 2% 2% 37% 0%Female 12811 37% 6% 3% 2% 1% 3% 48% 0%Age15-24 3778 68% 9% 4% 2% 2% 5% 10% 0%25-39 6533 57% 8% 3% 2% 2% 4% 24% 0%40-54 6346 46% 7% 3% 2% 2% 2% 39% 0%55 + 8093 17% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 76% 0%Education (End of)15 5939 10% 3% 1% 1% 2% 1% 81% 0%16-19 10022 39% 7% 3% 2% 2% 4% 42% 0%20+ 6130 65% 7% 3% 1% 2% 2% 20% 0%Still Studying 2295 81% 9% 3% 1% 1% 2% 4% 0%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 54% 8% 2% 2% 2% 1% 30% 1%Managers 2431 80% 6% 2% 1% 1% 1% 8% 1%Other white collars 2618 65% 9% 3% 2% 2% 2% 18% 1%Manual workers 5253 40% 8% 4% 2% 2% 4% 40% 0%House persons 2382 21% 5% 3% 3% 2% 3% 63% 1%Unemployed 1637 34% 7% 3% 3% 3% 6% 44% 0%Retired 6113 13% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 80% 0%Students 2295 81% 9% 3% 1% 1% 2% 4% 0%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 32% 7% 3% 2% 2% 3% 50% 1%No 14058 47% 5% 2% 1% 1% 2% 40% 0%Membership EUA good thing 12049 52% 7% 3% 1% 1% 3% 34% 0%A bad thing 3589 34% 5% 3% 1% 2% 2% 53% 0%Neither good nor bad 8020 35% 6% 3% 2% 2% 3% 49% 0%

QA2 When did you last use the Internet? Was it…?

TOTAL Totally agree Tend to agree Tend to disagree Totally disagreeNot applicable

(SPONTANEOUS)DK Agree Disagree

UE25 EU25 24750 55% 35% 7% 2% 1% 0% 90% 9%BE 1020 66% 27% 5% 2% 0% 0% 92% 7%CZ 1036 47% 41% 10% 2% 1% 0% 87% 12%DK 1002 86% 12% 2% 0% 0% 0% 97% 2%D-W 1021 61% 28% 8% 2% 1% 1% 89% 10%DE 1526 62% 28% 7% 2% 1% 1% 89% 9%D-E 505 65% 27% 6% 2% 0% 0% 91% 8%EE 1005 50% 33% 8% 3% 5% 1% 83% 11%EL 1000 57% 35% 5% 2% 1% - 92% 7%ES 1009 53% 41% 4% 1% 0% - 94% 5%FR 1022 61% 31% 5% 2% 1% 1% 92% 7%IE 1000 62% 33% 4% 0% 0% 1% 95% 4%IT 1003 34% 56% 8% 2% 0% 0% 90% 10%CY 508 67% 26% 4% 2% - - 94% 6%LV 1016 42% 36% 14% 6% 1% 1% 78% 20%LT 1004 42% 38% 14% 5% 1% 1% 80% 18%LU 502 75% 19% 3% 1% 1% 1% 94% 4%HU 1009 44% 33% 15% 7% 2% 0% 77% 21%MT 500 67% 27% 5% 0% - 0% 94% 5%NL 1062 72% 21% 4% 2% 1% - 93% 6%AT 1041 47% 37% 11% 2% 3% 0% 84% 13%PL 1000 45% 41% 10% 2% 0% 1% 86% 13%PT 1011 44% 46% 7% 2% 0% 1% 90% 9%SI 1055 48% 41% 7% 2% 1% 0% 89% 9%SK 1092 32% 49% 13% 5% 1% 0% 81% 18%FI 1004 59% 33% 5% 1% 2% 0% 92% 6%SE 1001 80% 16% 2% 1% 0% 0% 96% 3%UK 1322 68% 25% 4% 2% 1% 0% 92% 6%SexMale 11939 58% 33% 6% 2% 1% 0% 90% 8%Female 12811 53% 37% 7% 2% 1% 0% 90% 9%Age15-24 3778 60% 34% 5% 1% 0% 0% 94% 5%25-39 6533 57% 36% 6% 2% 0% 0% 92% 7%40-54 6346 56% 32% 7% 3% 1% 0% 88% 10%55 + 8093 52% 37% 8% 2% 1% 0% 88% 10%Education (End of)15 5939 49% 40% 8% 2% 1% 0% 88% 10%16-19 10022 55% 34% 8% 2% 1% 1% 89% 10%20+ 6130 61% 31% 5% 2% 1% 0% 92% 7%Still Studying 2295 61% 34% 4% 1% 0% 0% 95% 4%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 56% 35% 7% 1% 1% 0% 91% 8%Managers 2431 65% 28% 4% 1% 1% 0% 94% 5%Other white collars 2618 56% 37% 5% 1% 0% 0% 93% 6%Manual workers 5253 56% 35% 6% 2% 1% 0% 91% 8%House persons 2382 55% 36% 7% 2% 0% 0% 90% 9%Unemployed 1637 48% 34% 11% 4% 1% 0% 83% 16%Retired 6113 50% 37% 9% 3% 1% 0% 87% 11%Students 2295 61% 34% 4% 1% 0% 0% 95% 4%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 44% 42% 10% 3% 1% 0% 86% 13%No 14058 62% 30% 5% 1% 1% 0% 93% 6%Membership EUA good thing 12049 59% 34% 5% 1% 1% 0% 93% 6%A bad thing 3589 51% 34% 10% 4% 1% 1% 85% 13%Neither good nor bad 8020 52% 37% 8% 2% 1% 0% 89% 10%

You are happy with your family life

QA3.1 Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements.



UE25 EU25 24750 32% 29% 8% 5% 26% 1% 60% 13%BE 1020 39% 20% 4% 4% 33% 0% 58% 8%CZ 1036 29% 33% 9% 4% 25% 0% 62% 12%DK 1002 62% 18% 5% 2% 13% 1% 81% 6%D-W 1021 33% 26% 10% 5% 21% 4% 60% 15%DE 1526 32% 26% 10% 6% 22% 3% 58% 16%D-E 505 27% 26% 8% 12% 26% 1% 53% 20%EE 1005 35% 23% 7% 4% 32% 0% 58% 10%EL 1000 21% 23% 5% 4% 46% 0% 44% 10%ES 1009 47% 38% 9% 4% 2% 0% 85% 13%FR 1022 30% 23% 6% 6% 34% 1% 53% 12%IE 1000 43% 31% 6% 2% 16% 2% 74% 9%IT 1003 21% 42% 8% 3% 25% 0% 63% 12%CY 508 31% 18% 6% 3% 38% 3% 49% 10%LV 1016 27% 25% 11% 8% 24% 5% 52% 19%LT 1004 34% 37% 16% 10% 2% 1% 72% 26%LU 502 44% 17% 6% 2% 29% 2% 61% 9%HU 1009 20% 24% 10% 8% 37% 1% 44% 18%MT 500 25% 14% 3% 2% 55% 1% 39% 6%NL 1062 42% 20% 6% 2% 31% 0% 62% 8%AT 1041 38% 35% 11% 4% 12% 1% 73% 15%PL 1000 16% 24% 7% 7% 46% 2% 39% 13%PT 1011 33% 35% 12% 6% 12% 1% 68% 18%SI 1055 28% 29% 8% 6% 26% 3% 57% 14%SK 1092 18% 37% 14% 9% 17% 5% 55% 23%FI 1004 35% 33% 10% 1% 20% 1% 68% 11%SE 1001 43% 19% 4% 4% 29% 1% 63% 8%UK 1322 39% 22% 6% 5% 28% 0% 61% 11%SexMale 11939 35% 29% 8% 5% 21% 1% 64% 13%Female 12811 29% 28% 8% 4% 30% 1% 57% 12%Age15-24 3778 30% 26% 8% 5% 30% 1% 56% 13%25-39 6533 38% 36% 9% 6% 9% 1% 75% 15%40-54 6346 36% 35% 10% 6% 12% 1% 71% 17%55 + 8093 24% 18% 5% 3% 48% 2% 43% 7%Education (End of)15 5939 24% 24% 7% 4% 38% 2% 48% 12%16-19 10022 32% 30% 9% 6% 22% 1% 62% 15%20+ 6130 41% 32% 7% 5% 15% 1% 73% 12%Still Studying 2295 29% 23% 5% 1% 40% 2% 51% 6%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 46% 40% 9% 3% 2% 1% 86% 12%Managers 2431 54% 36% 6% 2% 1% 0% 90% 9%Other white collars 2618 40% 45% 10% 4% 1% 0% 86% 14%Manual workers 5253 40% 41% 13% 6% 1% 0% 80% 18%House persons 2382 24% 23% 8% 5% 38% 1% 47% 13%Unemployed 1637 10% 12% 10% 27% 39% 2% 22% 37%Retired 6113 18% 13% 3% 2% 62% 3% 31% 5%Students 2295 29% 23% 5% 1% 40% 2% 51% 6%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 25% 33% 12% 7% 23% 1% 57% 19%No 14058 37% 27% 6% 4% 26% 1% 64% 9%Membership EUA good thing 12049 36% 29% 7% 4% 23% 1% 65% 11%A bad thing 3589 28% 24% 10% 8% 30% 1% 52% 17%Neither good nor bad 8020 28% 29% 8% 5% 28% 2% 58% 13%

You are happy with your current occupation




UE25 EU25 12324 44% 41% 10% 4% 1% 0% 84% 14%BE 482 61% 30% 5% 3% 1% - 91% 8%CZ 574 35% 49% 12% 3% 1% 0% 84% 15%DK 553 69% 22% 6% 2% 1% 0% 91% 7%D-W 517 46% 36% 14% 4% 0% 0% 82% 17%DE 764 45% 37% 14% 4% 1% 0% 82% 17%D-E 241 42% 40% 13% 4% 1% - 82% 17%EE 536 50% 36% 10% 4% 1% - 86% 13%EL 485 40% 42% 9% 7% 2% - 82% 16%ES 488 48% 42% 7% 3% - - 90% 10%FR 512 45% 38% 8% 6% 2% 1% 84% 14%IE 528 47% 40% 8% 2% 1% 1% 87% 11%IT 510 27% 56% 12% 4% 1% 0% 83% 15%CY 274 51% 30% 11% 5% 2% 0% 81% 17%LV 578 39% 39% 14% 8% 0% 0% 77% 22%LT 464 39% 41% 16% 3% 1% 0% 79% 20%LU 244 60% 27% 8% 3% 2% 0% 87% 11%HU 418 31% 44% 16% 7% 2% 1% 75% 23%MT 204 55% 32% 8% 3% 1% - 87% 11%NL 611 57% 29% 9% 2% 2% - 86% 11%AT 559 45% 40% 10% 3% 1% 1% 85% 13%PL 409 32% 49% 12% 5% 1% 1% 81% 17%PT 529 41% 42% 12% 4% 0% 1% 83% 15%SI 473 39% 45% 11% 3% 2% 0% 84% 14%SK 590 25% 46% 18% 6% 3% 1% 72% 24%FI 518 47% 40% 12% 1% 0% - 87% 13%SE 583 58% 30% 6% 4% 3% - 87% 10%UK 669 54% 33% 8% 5% 1% - 86% 13%SexMale 6995 44% 40% 10% 4% 1% 0% 84% 15%Female 5328 43% 41% 10% 4% 1% 0% 85% 14%Age15-24 1146 42% 39% 13% 5% 1% 0% 81% 17%25-39 5007 44% 41% 9% 4% 1% 0% 86% 13%40-54 4768 42% 42% 11% 4% 1% 0% 84% 15%55 + 1403 47% 36% 11% 4% 2% 0% 83% 14%Education (End of)15 1705 39% 43% 13% 4% 1% 0% 82% 17%16-19 6047 42% 41% 11% 5% 1% 0% 83% 16%20+ 4444 48% 39% 8% 4% 1% 0% 87% 12%Still Studying 0 - - - - - - - - Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 46% 40% 9% 3% 2% 1% 86% 12%Managers 2431 54% 36% 6% 2% 1% 0% 90% 9%Other white collars 2618 40% 45% 10% 4% 1% 0% 86% 14%Manual workers 5253 40% 41% 13% 6% 1% 0% 80% 18%House persons 0 - - - - - - - - Unemployed 0 - - - - - - - - Retired 0 - - - - - - - - Students 0 - - - - - - - - Difficulty to pay billsYes 4545 33% 45% 15% 6% 1% 0% 77% 21%No 7433 50% 38% 8% 3% 1% 0% 88% 11%Membership EUA good thing 6384 46% 40% 9% 3% 1% 0% 86% 12%A bad thing 1656 42% 35% 13% 9% 1% 0% 77% 22%Neither good nor bad 3894 42% 43% 10% 4% 1% 0% 85% 14%

You are happy with your current occupation(IF 'CURRENTLY WORKING', CODE 5 TO 18 IN D15a)




UE25 EU25 24750 53% 37% 7% 2% 0% 1% 90% 10%BE 1020 58% 35% 6% 1% 0% 0% 93% 7%CZ 1036 34% 52% 12% 2% 0% 1% 85% 14%DK 1002 88% 10% 1% 0% - - 98% 2%D-W 1021 46% 38% 11% 4% 0% 0% 84% 15%DE 1526 44% 40% 12% 4% 0% 0% 84% 16%D-E 505 33% 49% 12% 5% 0% 0% 82% 18%EE 1005 68% 26% 4% 1% - 1% 94% 5%EL 1000 67% 27% 4% 1% - 0% 95% 5%ES 1009 64% 32% 2% 2% 0% 0% 96% 4%FR 1022 61% 33% 4% 1% - 1% 94% 5%IE 1000 66% 28% 4% 1% - 2% 93% 5%IT 1003 39% 51% 7% 2% 1% 0% 90% 9%CY 508 70% 22% 4% 2% - 1% 92% 6%LV 1016 54% 34% 7% 4% 0% 2% 87% 11%LT 1004 46% 39% 10% 4% 0% 0% 86% 14%LU 502 79% 17% 3% 1% 0% - 96% 4%HU 1009 17% 42% 27% 13% 1% 1% 59% 40%MT 500 64% 27% 6% 2% 1% - 91% 8%NL 1062 62% 30% 6% 1% - 1% 92% 7%AT 1041 61% 30% 6% 1% 1% 1% 91% 7%PL 1000 45% 43% 8% 2% 0% 2% 87% 11%PT 1011 41% 46% 9% 3% 0% 1% 87% 12%SI 1055 56% 39% 4% 1% 0% 0% 95% 5%SK 1092 36% 48% 11% 3% 0% 2% 83% 14%FI 1004 74% 24% 2% 0% - - 98% 2%SE 1001 86% 12% 1% 1% 0% 0% 98% 2%UK 1322 63% 27% 6% 3% 0% 0% 91% 9%SexMale 11939 52% 37% 8% 3% 0% 1% 89% 11%Female 12811 54% 36% 7% 2% 0% 1% 90% 9%Age15-24 3778 51% 39% 7% 2% 0% 1% 90% 9%25-39 6533 50% 38% 8% 3% 0% 1% 88% 11%40-54 6346 51% 37% 8% 3% 0% 1% 88% 12%55 + 8093 57% 34% 6% 2% 0% 0% 92% 8%Education (End of)15 5939 54% 37% 6% 2% 0% 0% 91% 9%16-19 10022 51% 37% 8% 3% 0% 1% 88% 11%20+ 6130 55% 35% 7% 2% 0% 0% 90% 9%Still Studying 2295 53% 39% 6% 1% 1% 0% 92% 7%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 47% 41% 8% 3% 0% 1% 88% 12%Managers 2431 57% 34% 7% 1% 0% 1% 90% 9%Other white collars 2618 52% 38% 7% 2% 0% 1% 90% 9%Manual workers 5253 51% 38% 8% 2% 0% 0% 89% 10%House persons 2382 56% 34% 6% 3% 0% 0% 91% 9%Unemployed 1637 39% 41% 12% 5% 0% 2% 81% 17%Retired 6113 57% 34% 6% 2% 0% 0% 91% 8%Students 2295 53% 39% 6% 1% 1% 0% 92% 7%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 44% 43% 9% 3% 0% 0% 87% 12%No 14058 58% 33% 6% 2% 0% 0% 91% 8%Membership EUA good thing 12049 57% 36% 6% 1% 0% 0% 93% 7%A bad thing 3589 47% 34% 12% 6% 0% 1% 80% 19%Neither good nor bad 8020 50% 39% 8% 2% 0% 1% 89% 10%

You are happy living in (OUR COUNTRY)




UE25 EU25 24750 12% 24% 23% 34% 6% 1% 37% 57%BE 1020 7% 17% 16% 50% 9% 0% 24% 67%CZ 1036 9% 19% 31% 35% 6% 0% 28% 66%DK 1002 4% 9% 11% 71% 5% 0% 13% 82%D-W 1021 9% 15% 20% 50% 5% 2% 23% 70%DE 1526 9% 15% 20% 49% 5% 2% 24% 69%D-E 505 10% 16% 20% 47% 5% 1% 26% 68%EE 1005 10% 21% 25% 37% 6% 1% 32% 62%EL 1000 25% 33% 21% 16% 5% 0% 58% 37%ES 1009 13% 32% 28% 21% 5% 1% 45% 49%FR 1022 13% 24% 22% 36% 5% 1% 36% 58%IE 1000 13% 25% 29% 26% 6% 3% 37% 54%IT 1003 18% 40% 23% 13% 7% 0% 58% 36%CY 508 19% 25% 15% 32% 8% 2% 44% 47%LV 1016 23% 24% 24% 22% 5% 3% 47% 46%LT 1004 22% 33% 26% 15% 3% 2% 54% 40%LU 502 5% 10% 12% 55% 16% 2% 15% 67%HU 1009 13% 31% 25% 20% 9% 1% 45% 46%MT 500 19% 29% 21% 19% 11% 1% 48% 40%NL 1062 9% 13% 18% 55% 4% 1% 22% 74%AT 1041 10% 24% 23% 38% 4% 1% 34% 62%PL 1000 13% 26% 29% 22% 9% 1% 39% 51%PT 1011 18% 43% 17% 13% 7% 2% 61% 31%SI 1055 10% 29% 32% 23% 5% 1% 39% 54%SK 1092 13% 30% 30% 19% 6% 2% 43% 49%FI 1004 5% 14% 25% 54% 2% 0% 18% 79%SE 1001 3% 9% 6% 76% 5% 1% 12% 82%UK 1322 10% 18% 26% 40% 5% 1% 28% 66%SexMale 11939 11% 23% 23% 35% 6% 1% 35% 58%Female 12811 13% 25% 23% 32% 5% 1% 38% 56%Age15-24 3778 10% 18% 20% 24% 26% 2% 28% 45%25-39 6533 15% 28% 25% 30% 2% 1% 42% 55%40-54 6346 14% 28% 23% 33% 1% 1% 42% 56%55 + 8093 10% 22% 23% 42% 3% 1% 32% 65%Education (End of)15 5939 15% 30% 22% 30% 2% 1% 45% 52%16-19 10022 14% 26% 24% 32% 2% 1% 40% 57%20+ 6130 9% 19% 24% 45% 2% 1% 28% 69%Still Studying 2295 6% 15% 19% 20% 38% 2% 21% 39%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 14% 25% 24% 33% 3% 1% 39% 58%Managers 2431 6% 15% 25% 52% 2% 1% 21% 76%Other white collars 2618 10% 25% 26% 36% 2% 1% 35% 62%Manual workers 5253 15% 30% 24% 29% 2% 1% 44% 53%House persons 2382 17% 29% 23% 28% 3% 1% 46% 50%Unemployed 1637 25% 31% 18% 19% 4% 1% 57% 37%Retired 6113 10% 23% 23% 41% 3% 1% 33% 64%Students 2295 6% 15% 19% 20% 38% 2% 21% 39%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 34% 66% - - - - 100% - No 14058 - - 41% 59% - - - 100%Membership EUA good thing 12049 10% 21% 24% 36% 8% 1% 31% 61%A bad thing 3589 18% 26% 23% 31% 2% 1% 44% 53%Neither good nor bad 8020 13% 27% 22% 32% 5% 1% 40% 54%

You have difficulties paying all your bills at the end of the month


TOTAL

Europe, EU,Europeaninstitutions, Membership

Brussels, capital of Europe, Belgium

Feeling to be

European, European

citizenship

European symbols (flag, 12

stars, anthem,

blue, etc.)

Politics, international

\ national politics,

democracy

Cooperation,unity,

equality, common decisions and rules, legislation

Stronger in the world,

guarantee ofpeace, more protection, feeling of security

Good idea, progress, evolution,

better future,

better life

Solve national issues\

problems, improve national situation

Euro, one single

currency

Common Market, trade

agreements, economy,

globalisation, business opportunitie

s

More competitive prices and products,

life is cheaper

Unemployment

decrease, good for the

labour market

UE25 EU25 24750 19% 2% 0% 1% 4% 22% 4% 8% 1% 15% 9% 0% 1%BE 1020 19% 3% 0% 1% 7% 30% 7% 5% 0% 16% 8% 1% 2%CZ 1036 28% 2% 0% 2% 7% 4% 3% 9% 1% 16% 4% 2% 1%DK 1002 22% 6% 1% 1% 7% 28% 3% 5% 0% 4% 12% - 0%D-W 1021 10% 3% 0% 0% 1% 25% 6% 5% - 23% 13% 0% 0%DE 1526 10% 3% 0% 0% 2% 25% 6% 5% - 25% 13% 0% 0%D-E 505 12% 2% - 2% 3% 23% 7% 4% - 34% 14% 1% 0%EE 1005 7% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 3% 6% 1% 11% 2% 0% 0%EL 1000 15% 1% 1% 1% 8% 24% 11% 10% 0% 22% 13% 0% 1%ES 1009 23% 0% 1% 0% 3% 29% 2% 10% - 4% 8% 0% 0%FR 1022 39% 2% 0% 2% 3% 15% 8% 7% 0% 13% 10% 0% 3%IE 1000 19% 3% 1% 1% 6% 22% 3% 5% 3% 16% 8% 2% 1%IT 1003 21% 1% - 3% 3% 27% 6% 6% 1% 27% 13% 0% 1%CY 508 19% 0% 1% 1% 3% 10% 7% 17% 7% 6% 5% 1% 0%LV 1016 11% 1% 0% 3% 1% 4% 3% 13% 0% 5% 1% 1% 0%LT 1004 10% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 20% - 10% 4% 2% 1%LU 502 9% 1% 0% 0% 2% 17% 10% 10% 0% 14% 6% - 0%HU 1009 17% 1% 1% 0% 1% 3% 1% 14% - 3% 4% 0% 1%MT 500 0% 1% 0% 2% 3% 28% 1% 4% 1% 3% 22% 2% - NL 1062 30% 7% 1% 1% 6% 38% 4% 10% - 16% 9% - - AT 1041 21% 7% 1% 2% 8% 12% 5% 4% 0% 40% 12% 1% 0%PL 1000 8% 1% 0% 1% 2% 19% 1% 23% 3% 4% 4% 1% 5%PT 1011 33% 0% 0% 0% 3% 17% 1% 6% 2% 10% 4% 0% 0%SI 1055 8% 3% 0% 2% 5% 26% 6% 12% 0% 31% 6% 0% 3%SK 1092 30% 3% 0% 5% 5% 10% 4% 15% 1% 18% 5% 3% 9%FI 1004 9% 1% 0% 2% 3% 21% 2% 4% 1% 9% 6% 0% - SE 1001 12% 11% 1% 2% 5% 23% 6% 6% 0% 8% 7% 1% 0%UK 1322 9% 4% 0% 1% 7% 23% 1% 4% - 6% 7% - 0%SexMale 11939 19% 2% 0% 1% 4% 23% 5% 9% 1% 15% 12% 0% 1%Female 12811 19% 2% 0% 2% 3% 22% 4% 8% 0% 15% 7% 0% 1%Age15-24 3778 26% 2% 0% 2% 5% 27% 3% 7% 0% 16% 9% 0% 2%25-39 6533 20% 3% 0% 2% 5% 23% 4% 7% 1% 18% 10% 1% 1%40-54 6346 19% 2% 0% 1% 3% 22% 4% 7% 0% 14% 10% 0% 1%55 + 8093 14% 2% 0% 1% 2% 19% 6% 10% 1% 13% 8% 0% 1%Education (End of)15 5939 16% 1% 0% 0% 2% 18% 4% 8% 0% 14% 6% 0% 1%16-19 10022 18% 2% 0% 1% 4% 21% 4% 8% 1% 16% 8% 1% 1%20+ 6130 21% 4% 1% 2% 4% 26% 7% 9% 1% 14% 14% 0% 1%Still Studying 2295 28% 3% 0% 2% 6% 30% 3% 8% 0% 17% 11% 0% 1%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 16% 2% 0% 2% 3% 24% 6% 10% 1% 15% 13% 0% 1%Managers 2431 20% 5% 1% 3% 5% 26% 7% 7% 1% 15% 16% 0% 1%Other white collars 2618 21% 3% 0% 1% 3% 26% 5% 7% 0% 19% 13% 1% 2%Manual workers 5253 20% 2% 0% 1% 4% 20% 3% 6% 1% 17% 7% 0% 2%House persons 2382 19% 1% 0% 1% 3% 22% 3% 6% 0% 15% 4% 0% 0%Unemployed 1637 18% 2% 0% 1% 4% 21% 3% 8% 1% 12% 7% 1% 1%Retired 6113 14% 2% 0% 1% 2% 18% 5% 11% 1% 12% 8% 1% 1%Students 2295 28% 3% 0% 2% 6% 30% 3% 8% 0% 17% 11% 0% 1%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 18% 1% 0% 1% 3% 19% 4% 8% 1% 16% 7% 1% 1%No 14058 18% 3% 0% 1% 4% 23% 5% 8% 1% 15% 10% 0% 1%Membership EUA good thing 12049 23% 3% 1% 2% 4% 30% 7% 13% 1% 16% 12% 1% 2%A bad thing 3589 10% 2% 0% 1% 3% 9% 1% 2% 0% 13% 5% 0% 0%Neither good nor bad 8020 18% 2% 0% 1% 3% 18% 2% 5% 0% 16% 7% 0% 1%

QA4 When you hear the words "European Union", what comes to your mind first? And what else? (OPEN QUESTION – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

TOTAL

Subsidies (agriculture, industry,

etc.)

Holidays, tourism, easy to work,

study and travel

across EU, no more border,

freedom of movement

Enlargement is a

good thing

Different cultures,

nationalities

Every country

keeps its identity

Human rights

protection

Freedom, happiness,

hope

Better pension

conditions

Decisions difficult to take, too

many countries, too large

Leaded by a few big countries,

gap between countries

Bad idea, is opposed to the idea

of a EU, regression

Lost of independence, lost of

national and\ or cultural identity, too much influence

Not interested

in European Union, do

not understand

what is European

Union

Useless, regret

being part of

EU,disappointed,

doubtful, feared, do not change anything

Unemployment raise,

a lot of foreign

workers,relocation

UE25 EU25 24750 1% 11% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 5% 3% 3% 5% 3%BE 1020 1% 10% 0% 3% 0% 0% 1% - 3% 0% 6% 1% 7% 3% 4%CZ 1036 1% 21% 0% 0% 0% - 2% - 2% 2% 0% 6% 3% 13% 1%DK 1002 2% 2% 0% 2% - 0% 0% - 4% 0% 5% 5% 2% 3% - D-W 1021 1% 18% 0% 1% - 0% 0% - 6% - 6% 8% 1% 4% 5%DE 1526 1% 18% 0% 1% - 0% 0% - 7% - 6% 7% 1% 4% 6%D-E 505 1% 20% - 1% - 0% 1% - 8% - 6% 6% 0% 6% 11%EE 1005 1% 18% - 0% - 0% 3% 0% - 0% 3% 2% 1% 7% 1%EL 1000 5% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 1% 3% 1% 2% 9%ES 1009 1% 3% 0% 2% - - 1% - - 0% 1% 0% 8% 2% 0%FR 1022 1% 9% 1% 3% - - 1% - 7% 2% 7% 3% - 11% 3%IE 1000 5% 10% 0% 2% - 1% 0% - - 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 7%IT 1003 - 11% 0% 4% 0% 0% 2% - 1% 1% 5% 0% 1% 1% 1%CY 508 - 7% - 3% - 2% 2% 0% 0% 1% 11% 1% 3% 5% 5%LV 1016 3% 18% - 1% - - 0% 0% - 0% 2% 3% 0% 18% 3%LT 1004 0% 21% 1% 0% 0% - 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 0% 15% 0%LU 502 0% 10% - 2% 0% - 0% - 4% 1% 5% 0% 0% 3% 2%HU 1009 1% 9% 0% 0% - - 2% - 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 18% 1%MT 500 - 9% - 1% 0% 1% 0% - 0% - 14% 1% 1% 4% 7%NL 1062 1% 9% 0% 3% 0% - 0% - 7% 1% 5% 8% 6% 7% 1%AT 1041 2% 21% 12% 4% 0% 0% 2% 0% 3% 1% 2% 4% 2% 16% 13%PL 1000 4% 15% - 0% - 0% 3% - 0% 2% 5% 2% 1% 7% 1%PT 1011 1% 4% 2% 1% - - 2% 0% 0% 2% 3% 2% 0% 6% 3%SI 1055 0% 12% - 3% - 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 10% 1% 1% 7% 1%SK 1092 0% 35% - 3% - 0% 4% 0% 2% 2% - 2% 1% 9% 2%FI 1004 1% 5% 0% 1% - - 0% - 2% 1% 9% 7% 2% 14% 0%SE 1001 3% 7% 1% 1% - - 1% - 4% 4% 7% 3% 2% 6% 0%UK 1322 0% 3% - 1% - 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 8% 4% 6% 2% 1%SexMale 11939 1% 11% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 2% 5% 4% 2% 5% 3%Female 12811 1% 10% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 5% 3% 3% 5% 3%Age15-24 3778 1% 13% 1% 3% 0% 0% 2% - 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1%25-39 6533 1% 13% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% - 2% 1% 3% 3% 2% 5% 2%40-54 6346 1% 11% 0% 2% - 0% 1% 0% 4% 1% 6% 4% 2% 6% 3%55 + 8093 1% 8% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 4% 2% 7% 4% 3% 7% 3%Education (End of)15 5939 1% 6% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 2% 7% 3% 4% 6% 3%16-19 10022 1% 12% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 6% 4% 2% 6% 3%20+ 6130 2% 12% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 4% 1% 4% 4% 1% 5% 2%Still Studying 2295 2% 13% 1% 3% 0% 0% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 2% 12% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% - 3% 1% 5% 5% 1% 5% 3%Managers 2431 2% 15% 1% 3% - 0% 2% 0% 4% 1% 4% 4% 1% 4% 2%Other white collars 2618 1% 13% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% - 2% 2% 4% 3% 2% 4% 3%Manual workers 5253 1% 11% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 5% 3% 3% 5% 3%House persons 2382 1% 8% 0% 1% - 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 6% 2% 5% 5% 1%Unemployed 1637 1% 10% 0% 1% - 0% 1% - 2% 1% 6% 2% 2% 9% 4%Retired 6113 1% 7% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 4% 2% 7% 4% 3% 8% 3%Students 2295 2% 13% 1% 3% 0% 0% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 1% 9% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 5% 3% 3% 7% 3%No 14058 1% 12% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 4% 1% 5% 4% 2% 5% 3%Membership EUA good thing 12049 2% 15% 1% 3% 0% 0% 2% 0% 3% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 1%A bad thing 3589 0% 4% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% - 4% 3% 18% 8% 3% 12% 6%Neither good nor bad 8020 1% 9% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 2% 5% 4% 3% 7% 3%


TOTAL

Prices increase, too much

competition,higher costs

of living, more taxes

Enlargement is a bad thing, too

many strangers

Waste of time, waste

of money,bure

aucracy, heavy

administration

Lack of information

(about institutions, Euro, etc.)

Corruption, terrorism,

drugs traffic, more

crime

Bad for national

agriculture, industry,

etc.

Doubts\ fears about

pension

Move from one union to

another (USSR)

Both advantages

and disadvantag

es for countries

JusticeEnvironmen

tOthers DK

UE25 EU25 24750 5% 2% 7% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 10%BE 1020 4% 4% 4% 1% 1% 1% - - 1% 0% 0% 7% 4%CZ 1036 5% - 3% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 5%DK 1002 0% 0% 13% - 1% 0% - - 2% 0% 2% 18% 5%D-W 1021 5% 7% 17% - 1% 0% - - 1% - 0% 11% 10%DE 1526 4% 7% 16% - 1% 0% - 0% 1% - 0% 11% 10%D-E 505 3% 9% 11% - 1% 1% - 0% 0% - - 10% 8%EE 1005 5% - 3% 0% - 0% - 3% 0% 0% - 26% 17%EL 1000 17% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 1% - 1% - 0% 8% 3%ES 1009 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 5% - - 0% 0% - 2% 13%FR 1022 4% 4% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% - 10% 10%IE 1000 3% 0% 5% 2% 1% 1% 0% - 0% - 0% 9% 8%IT 1003 8% 1% 0% - 1% - - - 0% - - 0% 6%CY 508 21% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% - - 2% 1% - 5% 6%LV 1016 13% 0% 5% - 0% 2% 0% 7% - - 0% 10% 14%LT 1004 6% 0% 1% - 1% - 1% 5% - 0% 0% 6% 16%LU 502 3% 3% 3% 0% 1% - - - 2% - 0% 17% 9%HU 1009 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% - 0% 3% 9%MT 500 9% - 0% 1% - - 0% - 5% - 2% 1% 8%NL 1062 2% 1% 15% 1% 2% 1% - - 1% 0% 0% 7% 3%AT 1041 18% 8% 16% 1% 7% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 8% 7%PL 1000 5% - 3% - 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% - 9% 9%PT 1011 6% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% - 1% - - 1% 21%SI 1055 7% 0% 2% - 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% - 0% 10% 5%SK 1092 6% - 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 3% 4%FI 1004 4% 1% 11% 0% 0% 2% - 0% 2% - 0% 3% 10%SE 1001 2% 0% 21% 0% 1% 0% - 0% 4% 1% 1% 10% 4%UK 1322 3% 0% 11% 0% 1% 0% - - 0% - - 9% 16%SexMale 11939 4% 2% 9% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 7%Female 12811 6% 2% 5% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 12%Age15-24 3778 3% 1% 3% 0% 1% 0% - 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 10%25-39 6533 5% 2% 6% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 8%40-54 6346 5% 2% 9% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 8%55 + 8093 6% 3% 7% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 12%Education (End of)15 5939 7% 2% 5% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 5% 16%16-19 10022 5% 3% 7% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 9%20+ 6130 3% 2% 10% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 9% 4%Still Studying 2295 2% 1% 3% 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 8%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 5% 2% 10% 0% 1% 2% - 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 6%Managers 2431 3% 3% 14% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 9% 3%Other white collars 2618 4% 2% 8% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 5%Manual workers 5253 6% 2% 6% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 11%House persons 2382 6% 2% 4% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 5% 16%Unemployed 1637 5% 2% 6% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 12%Retired 6113 6% 3% 6% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 8% 12%Students 2295 2% 1% 3% 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 8%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 7% 1% 4% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 11%No 14058 4% 3% 9% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 8% 9%Membership EUA good thing 12049 2% 2% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 6%A bad thing 3589 12% 3% 13% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 9%Neither good nor bad 8020 7% 2% 7% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 8% 12%


TOTAL Yes, on several occasions Yes, once or twice No DK YesUE25 EU25 24750 13% 24% 63% 0% 37%BE 1020 29% 33% 39% - 61%CZ 1036 19% 28% 52% - 48%DK 1002 40% 28% 32% 0% 68%D-W 1021 20% 29% 51% - 49%DE 1526 19% 29% 52% - 48%D-E 505 17% 30% 53% - 47%EE 1005 12% 18% 70% 0% 30%EL 1000 3% 8% 90% - 10%ES 1009 4% 13% 83% - 17%FR 1022 11% 19% 70% - 30%IE 1000 12% 37% 50% 0% 49%IT 1003 4% 23% 72% 0% 28%CY 508 3% 36% 61% 0% 38%LV 1016 4% 16% 79% 0% 21%LT 1004 6% 13% 81% - 19%LU 502 61% 24% 15% 0% 85%HU 1009 11% 13% 76% 0% 24%MT 500 6% 18% 76% - 24%NL 1062 39% 36% 25% - 75%AT 1041 35% 33% 31% 0% 68%PL 1000 7% 15% 78% - 22%PT 1011 7% 15% 79% 0% 21%SI 1055 27% 26% 47% - 53%SK 1092 17% 26% 58% 0% 42%FI 1004 14% 38% 48% 0% 52%SE 1001 17% 39% 44% - 56%UK 1322 13% 31% 56% - 44%SexMale 11939 15% 26% 59% 0% 41%Female 12811 11% 23% 66% 0% 34%Age15-24 3778 11% 27% 62% 0% 38%25-39 6533 14% 26% 59% 0% 41%40-54 6346 15% 25% 60% 0% 40%55 + 8093 11% 20% 69% 0% 31%Education (End of)15 5939 6% 14% 79% 0% 20%16-19 10022 12% 23% 64% 0% 36%20+ 6130 21% 32% 47% 0% 53%Still Studying 2295 14% 32% 55% 0% 45%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 18% 28% 54% 0% 46%Managers 2431 26% 35% 39% 0% 61%Other white collars 2618 14% 32% 54% 0% 46%Manual workers 5253 11% 22% 67% 0% 33%House persons 2382 9% 14% 76% 0% 23%Unemployed 1637 9% 18% 73% - 27%Retired 6113 10% 19% 72% 0% 28%Students 2295 14% 32% 55% 0% 45%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 9% 18% 73% 0% 27%No 14058 16% 27% 57% 0% 43%Membership EUA good thing 12049 17% 28% 56% 0% 44%A bad thing 3589 11% 20% 69% 0% 31%Neither good nor bad 8020 9% 22% 69% 0% 31%

QA5.1 In the last 12 months have you…?

Visited another European Union country

TOTAL Yes, on several occasions Yes, once or twice No DK YesUE25 EU25 24750 13% 10% 77% 0% 23%BE 1020 22% 14% 64% - 36%CZ 1036 11% 9% 80% - 20%DK 1002 38% 11% 51% - 49%D-W 1021 17% 10% 72% 0% 27%DE 1526 15% 10% 75% 0% 25%D-E 505 8% 8% 84% - 16%EE 1005 28% 12% 60% 0% 40%EL 1000 9% 9% 82% - 18%ES 1009 6% 9% 85% - 15%FR 1022 12% 10% 78% - 22%IE 1000 4% 9% 85% 2% 13%IT 1003 6% 13% 81% 0% 19%CY 508 16% 13% 70% 0% 30%LV 1016 30% 14% 56% 0% 44%LT 1004 27% 9% 64% - 36%LU 502 79% 11% 9% - 91%HU 1009 9% 7% 84% 0% 16%MT 500 48% 18% 34% 0% 66%NL 1062 32% 18% 49% - 51%AT 1041 12% 14% 72% 1% 27%PL 1000 12% 7% 81% - 19%PT 1011 9% 5% 86% 0% 14%SI 1055 19% 16% 65% 0% 35%SK 1092 13% 13% 72% 1% 27%FI 1004 18% 22% 60% 0% 40%SE 1001 32% 16% 51% 1% 48%UK 1322 9% 8% 83% - 17%SexMale 11939 14% 12% 75% 0% 25%Female 12811 12% 9% 79% 0% 21%Age15-24 3778 23% 19% 59% 0% 41%25-39 6533 14% 12% 73% 0% 27%40-54 6346 12% 9% 79% 0% 21%55 + 8093 8% 6% 86% 0% 14%Education (End of)15 5939 4% 3% 94% 0% 6%16-19 10022 8% 8% 84% 0% 16%20+ 6130 22% 17% 61% 0% 39%Still Studying 2295 31% 23% 46% 0% 54%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 16% 12% 72% 0% 28%Managers 2431 22% 17% 60% 0% 40%Other white collars 2618 12% 13% 75% 0% 25%Manual workers 5253 9% 8% 83% 0% 17%House persons 2382 7% 7% 86% 0% 14%Unemployed 1637 13% 9% 78% 0% 22%Retired 6113 7% 5% 88% 0% 12%Students 2295 31% 23% 46% 0% 54%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 9% 9% 82% 0% 18%No 14058 14% 10% 75% 0% 25%Membership EUA good thing 12049 17% 13% 69% 0% 30%A bad thing 3589 7% 8% 84% 0% 15%Neither good nor bad 8020 9% 8% 83% 0% 17%


Read a book, newspaper or magazine in a language other than your mother tongue

TOTAL Yes, on several occasions Yes, once or twice No DK YesUE25 EU25 24750 24% 19% 56% 0% 43%BE 1020 33% 14% 53% 0% 47%CZ 1036 19% 15% 66% 0% 33%DK 1002 38% 11% 51% - 49%D-W 1021 41% 20% 39% 1% 61%DE 1526 38% 21% 41% 0% 58%D-E 505 24% 25% 50% - 50%EE 1005 32% 18% 50% 0% 50%EL 1000 18% 14% 69% - 31%ES 1009 11% 13% 76% - 24%FR 1022 25% 14% 61% - 39%IE 1000 24% 29% 45% 2% 53%IT 1003 9% 25% 65% 1% 34%CY 508 40% 16% 43% 0% 57%LV 1016 23% 18% 59% 0% 40%LT 1004 22% 15% 62% - 38%LU 502 73% 11% 16% - 84%HU 1009 8% 11% 81% 0% 19%MT 500 31% 16% 52% 1% 47%NL 1062 54% 20% 26% - 74%AT 1041 25% 25% 49% 1% 50%PL 1000 18% 14% 68% - 32%PT 1011 10% 12% 77% 0% 22%SI 1055 23% 16% 61% 0% 39%SK 1092 23% 24% 51% 2% 47%FI 1004 27% 31% 42% - 58%SE 1001 38% 17% 44% 1% 55%UK 1322 25% 29% 45% 0% 54%SexMale 11939 28% 20% 52% 0% 48%Female 12811 21% 19% 61% 0% 39%Age15-24 3778 27% 23% 49% 1% 50%25-39 6533 28% 21% 50% 0% 50%40-54 6346 26% 20% 54% 0% 46%55 + 8093 17% 16% 67% 0% 33%Education (End of)15 5939 12% 13% 75% 0% 24%16-19 10022 22% 20% 57% 0% 42%20+ 6130 36% 23% 40% 0% 60%Still Studying 2295 32% 23% 44% 1% 55%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 31% 23% 46% 0% 54%Managers 2431 42% 26% 32% 0% 68%Other white collars 2618 26% 23% 51% 0% 49%Manual workers 5253 23% 19% 57% 0% 42%House persons 2382 14% 15% 71% 0% 29%Unemployed 1637 21% 18% 61% 0% 39%Retired 6113 16% 15% 69% 0% 31%Students 2295 32% 23% 44% 1% 55%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 19% 17% 64% 0% 36%No 14058 27% 21% 52% 0% 48%Membership EUA good thing 12049 30% 22% 48% 0% 52%A bad thing 3589 19% 18% 62% 1% 37%Neither good nor bad 8020 19% 16% 64% 0% 36%


Socialised with people from another European Union country

TOTAL Frequently Occasionally Never DKUE25 EU25 24750 22% 50% 28% 0%BE 1020 17% 49% 34% - CZ 1036 19% 62% 19% 0%DK 1002 37% 51% 12% - D-W 1021 32% 55% 13% 0%DE 1526 34% 55% 12% 0%D-E 505 41% 52% 7% - EE 1005 20% 60% 20% 0%EL 1000 30% 50% 20% - ES 1009 13% 40% 47% - FR 1022 19% 48% 33% - IE 1000 19% 46% 35% 0%IT 1003 14% 52% 33% 1%CY 508 25% 44% 32% - LV 1016 17% 56% 27% 0%LT 1004 22% 55% 23% 0%LU 502 23% 48% 29% - HU 1009 21% 56% 23% 0%MT 500 24% 45% 30% 0%NL 1062 36% 48% 15% - AT 1041 16% 63% 19% 2%PL 1000 22% 52% 25% 0%PT 1011 14% 38% 48% 0%SI 1055 12% 67% 21% 0%SK 1092 23% 62% 15% - FI 1004 18% 56% 26% - SE 1001 23% 56% 21% - UK 1322 19% 45% 37% 0%SexMale 11939 27% 51% 22% 0%Female 12811 17% 49% 33% 0%Age15-24 3778 14% 49% 37% 0%25-39 6533 21% 54% 25% 0%40-54 6346 26% 51% 23% 0%55 + 8093 23% 47% 31% 0%Education (End of)15 5939 15% 45% 40% 0%16-19 10022 20% 53% 27% 0%20+ 6130 33% 52% 15% 0%Still Studying 2295 16% 50% 33% 0%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 30% 50% 19% 0%Managers 2431 37% 52% 11% 0%Other white collars 2618 22% 57% 21% 0%Manual workers 5253 18% 52% 30% 0%House persons 2382 11% 48% 40% 0%Unemployed 1637 17% 47% 36% 0%Retired 6113 23% 46% 31% 0%Students 2295 16% 50% 33% 0%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 19% 49% 32% 0%No 14058 24% 52% 24% 0%Membership EUA good thing 12049 26% 53% 21% 0%A bad thing 3589 25% 44% 30% 0%Neither good nor bad 8020 16% 50% 34% 0%

National political matters

QA6.1 When you get together with friends or relatives, would you say you discuss frequently, occasionally or never about...?

TOTAL Frequently Occasionally Never DKUE25 EU25 24750 11% 48% 40% 0%BE 1020 10% 46% 44% - CZ 1036 9% 59% 32% 0%DK 1002 22% 57% 21% - D-W 1021 16% 59% 24% 1%DE 1526 16% 60% 24% 1%D-E 505 17% 61% 21% 0%EE 1005 11% 54% 34% 1%EL 1000 16% 49% 35% - ES 1009 6% 31% 62% - FR 1022 11% 45% 44% - IE 1000 9% 38% 52% 1%IT 1003 7% 45% 47% 1%CY 508 17% 38% 46% 0%LV 1016 11% 54% 34% 1%LT 1004 10% 49% 40% 1%LU 502 23% 49% 28% 0%HU 1009 11% 56% 33% 0%MT 500 10% 45% 44% 0%NL 1062 17% 57% 26% - AT 1041 15% 61% 21% 2%PL 1000 13% 47% 39% 1%PT 1011 8% 33% 60% 0%SI 1055 7% 61% 32% 0%SK 1092 11% 61% 27% 0%FI 1004 12% 55% 33% 0%SE 1001 13% 57% 30% 0%UK 1322 9% 42% 48% 0%SexMale 11939 14% 52% 34% 0%Female 12811 9% 45% 46% 0%Age15-24 3778 7% 42% 51% 0%25-39 6533 10% 52% 39% 0%40-54 6346 14% 51% 35% 0%55 + 8093 12% 46% 41% 1%Education (End of)15 5939 7% 38% 55% 1%16-19 10022 10% 50% 39% 0%20+ 6130 19% 56% 25% 0%Still Studying 2295 8% 46% 46% 0%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 15% 54% 31% 0%Managers 2431 20% 60% 19% 0%Other white collars 2618 10% 56% 33% 0%Manual workers 5253 9% 46% 44% 0%House persons 2382 6% 38% 55% 0%Unemployed 1637 9% 43% 47% 1%Retired 6113 12% 45% 42% 1%Students 2295 8% 46% 46% 0%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 10% 44% 45% 1%No 14058 13% 51% 36% 0%Membership EUA good thing 12049 14% 53% 33% 0%A bad thing 3589 13% 44% 42% 1%Neither good nor bad 8020 7% 45% 47% 0%

European political matters

QA6.2 When you get together with friends or relatives, would you say you discuss frequently, occasionally or never about...?

TOTAL A good thing A bad thing Neither good nor bad DKUE25 EU25 24750 49% 15% 32% 4%BE 1020 60% 12% 27% 1%CZ 1036 44% 11% 43% 2%DK 1002 61% 11% 25% 2%D-W 1021 52% 13% 33% 3%DE 1526 52% 12% 34% 3%D-E 505 51% 8% 39% 2%EE 1005 43% 10% 39% 7%EL 1000 50% 13% 37% 0%ES 1009 62% 8% 24% 6%FR 1022 44% 18% 36% 2%IE 1000 68% 8% 17% 7%IT 1003 49% 15% 31% 6%CY 508 43% 14% 40% 3%LV 1016 29% 14% 54% 3%LT 1004 52% 11% 32% 5%LU 502 71% 7% 20% 3%HU 1009 40% 12% 43% 5%MT 500 42% 20% 35% 3%NL 1062 71% 7% 21% 1%AT 1041 31% 33% 30% 5%PL 1000 52% 8% 36% 4%PT 1011 47% 15% 32% 6%SI 1055 44% 12% 42% 2%SK 1092 54% 6% 37% 3%FI 1004 36% 25% 37% 2%SE 1001 42% 23% 33% 2%UK 1322 33% 25% 33% 9%SexMale 11939 53% 15% 29% 3%Female 12811 44% 14% 36% 6%Age15-24 3778 59% 8% 29% 4%25-39 6533 52% 11% 33% 3%40-54 6346 46% 16% 34% 3%55 + 8093 43% 19% 32% 6%Education (End of)15 5939 35% 21% 36% 8%16-19 10022 45% 16% 35% 4%20+ 6130 63% 9% 27% 2%Still Studying 2295 67% 5% 26% 2%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 56% 13% 28% 3%Managers 2431 63% 9% 26% 2%Other white collars 2618 54% 12% 31% 2%Manual workers 5253 44% 16% 36% 4%House persons 2382 40% 14% 37% 8%Unemployed 1637 41% 16% 39% 5%Retired 6113 41% 20% 33% 6%Students 2295 67% 5% 26% 2%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 41% 17% 36% 6%No 14058 52% 14% 31% 4%Membership EUA good thing 12049 100% - - - A bad thing 3589 - 100% - - Neither good nor bad 8020 - - 100% -

QA7 Generally speaking, do you think that (OUR COUNTRY)'s membership of the European Union is...?

TOTALMore decision making at a European

levelLess decision making at a European

levelNo change is needed

(SPONTANEOUS)DK

UE25 EU25 24750 51% 37% 6% 6%BE 1020 65% 27% 6% 2%CZ 1036 55% 37% 5% 4%DK 1002 34% 53% 9% 5%D-W 1021 54% 37% 7% 2%DE 1526 56% 35% 7% 2%D-E 505 65% 31% 3% 2%EE 1005 33% 58% 2% 8%EL 1000 62% 34% 4% 0%ES 1009 58% 19% 9% 14%FR 1022 50% 40% 5% 5%IE 1000 43% 28% 19% 10%IT 1003 52% 35% 6% 6%CY 508 67% 28% 2% 3%LV 1016 55% 37% 2% 6%LT 1004 43% 47% 2% 9%LU 502 70% 21% 5% 4%HU 1009 69% 13% 10% 8%MT 500 57% 35% 2% 6%NL 1062 49% 33% 14% 4%AT 1041 46% 40% 7% 6%PL 1000 66% 28% 1% 4%PT 1011 76% 15% 2% 8%SI 1055 54% 38% 4% 4%SK 1092 73% 21% 3% 3%FI 1004 38% 57% 3% 2%SE 1001 35% 56% 5% 4%UK 1322 25% 60% 6% 8%SexMale 11939 52% 37% 6% 5%Female 12811 51% 36% 6% 7%Age15-24 3778 57% 31% 5% 6%25-39 6533 52% 37% 7% 4%40-54 6346 52% 38% 6% 4%55 + 8093 48% 38% 6% 8%Education (End of)15 5939 48% 36% 6% 10%16-19 10022 51% 39% 6% 4%20+ 6130 53% 36% 7% 4%Still Studying 2295 59% 31% 5% 6%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 50% 40% 6% 3%Managers 2431 52% 37% 7% 4%Other white collars 2618 49% 39% 7% 4%Manual workers 5253 52% 38% 5% 4%House persons 2382 50% 31% 9% 9%Unemployed 1637 56% 34% 5% 5%Retired 6113 49% 38% 6% 8%Students 2295 59% 31% 5% 6%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 53% 36% 5% 7%No 14058 50% 38% 7% 5%Membership EUA good thing 12049 63% 28% 6% 4%A bad thing 3589 28% 62% 6% 4%Neither good nor bad 8020 47% 40% 7% 6%


QA8.1 For each of the following areas, please tell me if you believe that more decision-making should take place at a European level or on the contrary that less decision-making should take place at a European level.




(SPONTANEOUS)DK




TOTAL Describes very well Describes fairly well Describes fairly badly Describes very badly DK Describes well Describes badly

UE25 EU25 24750 14% 53% 20% 4% 9% 67% 24%BE 1020 9% 62% 23% 3% 2% 72% 26%CZ 1036 20% 54% 19% 4% 4% 73% 23%DK 1002 10% 47% 32% 4% 7% 56% 36%D-W 1021 8% 51% 25% 6% 10% 59% 31%DE 1526 9% 51% 25% 6% 9% 60% 31%D-E 505 10% 52% 26% 5% 7% 62% 31%EE 1005 17% 59% 11% 1% 12% 75% 13%EL 1000 13% 56% 20% 8% 2% 69% 28%ES 1009 19% 53% 13% 2% 12% 72% 15%FR 1022 7% 52% 28% 5% 7% 59% 34%IE 1000 33% 50% 5% 2% 10% 83% 7%IT 1003 22% 55% 13% 2% 8% 77% 15%CY 508 21% 51% 10% 5% 13% 72% 15%LV 1016 13% 55% 17% 2% 13% 68% 19%LT 1004 13% 59% 11% 1% 15% 72% 13%LU 502 13% 50% 23% 5% 8% 63% 28%HU 1009 18% 53% 16% 3% 10% 71% 19%MT 500 19% 55% 14% 2% 10% 74% 16%NL 1062 5% 52% 33% 5% 5% 57% 38%AT 1041 22% 41% 20% 8% 9% 63% 28%PL 1000 20% 59% 11% 3% 8% 79% 13%PT 1011 15% 54% 13% 3% 16% 69% 15%SI 1055 15% 61% 16% 2% 6% 76% 17%SK 1092 24% 61% 10% 1% 4% 84% 11%FI 1004 7% 61% 26% 3% 2% 68% 30%SE 1001 6% 47% 33% 7% 7% 53% 40%UK 1322 10% 51% 18% 7% 14% 61% 25%SexMale 11939 15% 53% 21% 5% 7% 68% 25%Female 12811 13% 53% 19% 4% 11% 66% 23%Age15-24 3778 17% 60% 15% 2% 6% 77% 17%25-39 6533 15% 54% 21% 4% 6% 69% 25%40-54 6346 13% 52% 22% 5% 7% 65% 27%55 + 8093 12% 51% 19% 5% 14% 62% 24%Education (End of)15 5939 12% 51% 16% 5% 16% 63% 21%16-19 10022 14% 53% 21% 4% 8% 67% 25%20+ 6130 13% 54% 24% 5% 5% 67% 28%Still Studying 2295 19% 62% 14% 2% 4% 80% 16%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 17% 53% 20% 5% 6% 70% 25%Managers 2431 13% 54% 25% 3% 4% 67% 29%Other white collars 2618 15% 52% 23% 5% 5% 67% 28%Manual workers 5253 13% 53% 21% 4% 9% 66% 25%House persons 2382 12% 54% 15% 4% 14% 67% 19%Unemployed 1637 15% 52% 19% 5% 9% 66% 24%Retired 6113 12% 50% 19% 5% 14% 62% 24%Students 2295 19% 62% 14% 2% 4% 80% 16%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 15% 51% 20% 5% 10% 66% 24%No 14058 12% 55% 21% 4% 8% 67% 25%Membership EUA good thing 12049 19% 60% 15% 2% 4% 79% 17%A bad thing 3589 7% 34% 35% 15% 10% 41% 49%Neither good nor bad 8020 9% 54% 21% 4% 12% 63% 25%

Modern

QA9.1 Please tell for each of the following words if it describes very well, fairly well, fairly badly or very badly the idea you might have of the European Union.



Democratic




Protective




Inefficient




Technocratic


TOTALA lot has been achieved so

farA fair amount has been

achieved so farVery little has been achieved

so farNothing has been achieved so

farDK

UE25 EU25 24750 10% 44% 32% 5% 9%BE 1020 12% 49% 34% 3% 2%CZ 1036 7% 44% 38% 6% 4%DK 1002 13% 53% 23% 2% 8%D-W 1021 11% 53% 30% 3% 3%DE 1526 10% 53% 31% 3% 3%D-E 505 8% 53% 33% 5% 2%EE 1005 9% 46% 27% 2% 16%EL 1000 6% 39% 40% 14% 1%ES 1009 10% 43% 27% 4% 16%FR 1022 10% 39% 37% 5% 9%IE 1000 25% 50% 10% 1% 13%IT 1003 8% 44% 32% 5% 10%CY 508 7% 35% 36% 7% 14%LV 1016 5% 30% 46% 9% 11%LT 1004 8% 41% 34% 3% 14%LU 502 26% 49% 16% 3% 6%HU 1009 6% 32% 40% 9% 13%MT 500 22% 36% 16% 3% 23%NL 1062 14% 50% 30% 3% 3%AT 1041 13% 42% 30% 10% 5%PL 1000 11% 47% 31% 4% 7%PT 1011 9% 44% 22% 7% 18%SI 1055 11% 59% 24% 3% 4%SK 1092 7% 43% 40% 5% 4%FI 1004 7% 51% 33% 4% 4%SE 1001 5% 43% 40% 4% 8%UK 1322 9% 37% 31% 6% 16%SexMale 11939 12% 47% 31% 5% 6%Female 12811 8% 42% 33% 5% 12%Age15-24 3778 11% 49% 25% 3% 11%25-39 6533 10% 48% 30% 5% 7%40-54 6346 9% 44% 35% 5% 7%55 + 8093 8% 40% 34% 6% 12%Education (End of)15 5939 7% 35% 36% 7% 16%16-19 10022 8% 44% 34% 5% 8%20+ 6130 14% 50% 29% 3% 4%Still Studying 2295 12% 54% 22% 3% 9%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 10% 49% 32% 5% 4%Managers 2431 16% 53% 26% 2% 3%Other white collars 2618 10% 49% 32% 4% 6%Manual workers 5253 8% 44% 35% 6% 8%House persons 2382 7% 37% 32% 6% 18%Unemployed 1637 10% 41% 33% 6% 10%Retired 6113 8% 38% 35% 7% 12%Students 2295 12% 54% 22% 3% 9%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 9% 39% 34% 6% 11%No 14058 10% 47% 31% 4% 7%Membership EUA good thing 12049 14% 57% 23% 1% 5%A bad thing 3589 4% 23% 48% 16% 9%Neither good nor bad 8020 6% 37% 40% 6% 11%

QA10.1 For each of the following areas, please tell me if you think that for…


TOTAL A lot has been achieved so farA fair amount has been



farDK




TOTALA lot has been achieved so

farA fair amount has been



farDK




TOTALA common language

Well defined external borders

of the EU

The introduction of the Euro in all

EU countries

Comparable living standards

A common armyA common

ConstitutionNone

(SPONTANEOUS)Other

(SPONTANEOUS)DK

UE25 EU25 24750 22% 19% 26% 51% 9% 25% 5% 1% 5%BE 1020 21% 18% 40% 46% 12% 36% 2% 2% 0%CZ 1036 12% 14% 33% 74% 10% 14% 3% 0% 1%DK 1002 16% 20% 38% 47% 9% 27% 7% 1% 2%D-W 1021 26% 21% 29% 46% 5% 31% 8% 1% 1%DE 1526 24% 21% 30% 48% 5% 32% 8% 0% 1%D-E 505 16% 24% 33% 55% 4% 36% 5% 0% 1%EE 1005 9% 29% 22% 72% 9% 12% 5% 1% 3%EL 1000 18% 36% 13% 65% 10% 21% 7% 1% 1%ES 1009 17% 11% 17% 48% 5% 28% 4% 1% 17%FR 1022 21% 19% 31% 53% 19% 29% 1% 1% 3%IE 1000 34% 18% 48% 41% 6% 15% 3% 1% 9%IT 1003 32% 19% 22% 33% 9% 28% 4% 1% 5%CY 508 25% 26% 23% 47% 26% 25% 3% 1% 3%LV 1016 16% 37% 22% 65% 9% 12% 3% 0% 3%LT 1004 16% 17% 22% 76% 9% 17% 3% 0% 4%LU 502 19% 20% 44% 34% 13% 32% 5% 1% 2%HU 1009 19% 13% 31% 62% 7% 21% 4% 1% 5%MT 500 20% 13% 27% 59% 1% 24% 5% 1% 12%NL 1062 11% 28% 33% 48% 22% 32% 3% 2% 1%AT 1041 11% 32% 25% 33% 8% 17% 14% 0% 5%PL 1000 15% 17% 26% 78% 8% 15% 1% 0% 2%PT 1011 29% 17% 15% 65% 8% 15% 1% 0% 10%SI 1055 9% 25% 33% 70% 14% 20% 2% 1% 2%SK 1092 26% 18% 30% 75% 10% 15% 2% 1% 2%FI 1004 12% 25% 50% 40% 4% 20% 7% 1% 1%SE 1001 15% 16% 33% 58% 10% 30% 6% 1% 2%UK 1322 28% 19% 18% 47% 8% 17% 11% 1% 6%SexMale 11939 21% 20% 27% 50% 11% 28% 5% 1% 4%Female 12811 23% 18% 25% 52% 7% 22% 6% 1% 6%Age15-24 3778 25% 17% 29% 53% 12% 26% 3% 0% 4%25-39 6533 21% 18% 27% 56% 8% 26% 4% 1% 3%40-54 6346 20% 21% 27% 53% 9% 26% 5% 1% 3%55 + 8093 23% 20% 23% 45% 9% 23% 7% 1% 7%Education (End of)15 5939 26% 17% 19% 42% 8% 19% 8% 1% 10%16-19 10022 22% 21% 26% 54% 9% 23% 5% 1% 3%20+ 6130 17% 20% 32% 56% 9% 32% 4% 1% 1%Still Studying 2295 24% 16% 31% 54% 12% 29% 2% 0% 2%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 24% 21% 26% 50% 8% 27% 5% 1% 3%Managers 2431 17% 20% 32% 56% 9% 34% 4% 1% 1%Other white collars 2618 18% 21% 29% 59% 9% 25% 4% 1% 2%Manual workers 5253 22% 19% 25% 53% 9% 23% 6% 1% 5%House persons 2382 24% 18% 21% 44% 6% 23% 5% 0% 10%Unemployed 1637 25% 18% 24% 56% 12% 22% 3% 1% 4%Retired 6113 23% 20% 23% 45% 10% 22% 7% 1% 7%Students 2295 24% 16% 31% 54% 12% 29% 2% 0% 2%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 24% 18% 20% 51% 9% 22% 5% 1% 6%No 14058 20% 20% 29% 51% 9% 27% 5% 1% 4%Membership EUA good thing 12049 22% 18% 33% 54% 10% 33% 1% 1% 3%A bad thing 3589 23% 21% 13% 42% 10% 14% 16% 1% 5%Neither good nor bad 8020 22% 20% 23% 53% 9% 20% 6% 1% 5%

QA11 Which two of the following would you consider to be most helpful if anything, for the future of Europe? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

TOTALPeace among the Member States of

the EU

The free movement of people, goods

and services within the EU

The EuroStudent exchange programmes such

as ERASMUS


None (SPONTANEOUS)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

UE25 EU25 24750 43% 29% 10% 6% 3% 5% 0% 4%BE 1020 37% 20% 28% 8% 3% 3% 0% 0%CZ 1036 40% 43% 4% 7% 2% 2% - 2%DK 1002 45% 34% 6% 7% 3% 3% 0% 2%D-W 1021 55% 24% 9% 3% 3% 6% 0% 1%DE 1526 55% 23% 9% 3% 2% 6% 0% 1%D-E 505 58% 23% 9% 3% 2% 5% - 0%EE 1005 33% 41% 4% 9% 4% 5% - 4%EL 1000 57% 24% 5% 5% 4% 5% 0% 0%ES 1009 35% 27% 13% 6% 3% 6% 1% 9%FR 1022 45% 23% 15% 8% 2% 4% - 3%IE 1000 31% 30% 25% 3% 3% 3% 0% 4%IT 1003 35% 38% 11% 6% 2% 3% 0% 4%CY 508 65% 23% 3% 3% 3% 1% 0% 1%LV 1016 38% 35% 3% 12% 6% 3% - 3%LT 1004 34% 34% 8% 7% 7% 3% 0% 8%LU 502 54% 15% 21% 5% 1% 3% - 1%HU 1009 39% 25% 13% 6% 8% 4% 0% 5%MT 500 54% 19% 5% 7% 3% 3% 0% 9%NL 1062 36% 39% 11% 6% 3% 2% 0% 2%AT 1041 41% 26% 13% 5% 2% 9% 1% 3%PL 1000 44% 36% 5% 6% 5% 2% 0% 2%PT 1011 46% 26% 9% 3% 1% 3% 0% 12%SI 1055 49% 28% 10% 8% 2% 2% 1% 1%SK 1092 38% 43% 5% 8% 3% 2% - 1%FI 1004 33% 34% 21% 6% 1% 4% 0% 1%SE 1001 54% 28% 5% 7% 1% 2% 0% 1%UK 1322 36% 25% 6% 7% 3% 13% 0% 10%SexMale 11939 41% 32% 11% 5% 3% 5% 0% 3%Female 12811 44% 26% 10% 7% 3% 5% 0% 6%Age15-24 3778 39% 30% 11% 11% 2% 3% 0% 4%25-39 6533 37% 35% 11% 6% 2% 5% 0% 3%40-54 6346 42% 30% 10% 5% 3% 5% 0% 3%55 + 8093 48% 22% 9% 4% 3% 6% 0% 6%Education (End of)15 5939 45% 22% 10% 4% 3% 8% 0% 9%16-19 10022 43% 29% 10% 6% 3% 6% 0% 3%20+ 6130 41% 36% 11% 6% 3% 3% 0% 1%Still Studying 2295 39% 32% 10% 12% 3% 2% 0% 2%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 39% 36% 10% 5% 2% 5% 0% 2%Managers 2431 38% 40% 10% 5% 2% 4% 0% 1%Other white collars 2618 39% 36% 12% 6% 3% 3% 0% 2%Manual workers 5253 41% 29% 11% 6% 3% 7% 0% 4%House persons 2382 41% 26% 9% 6% 2% 6% 0% 9%Unemployed 1637 46% 24% 11% 7% 2% 7% 0% 4%Retired 6113 49% 21% 9% 4% 4% 6% 0% 6%Students 2295 39% 32% 10% 12% 3% 2% 0% 2%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 41% 28% 10% 7% 3% 6% 0% 5%No 14058 43% 30% 11% 5% 3% 5% 0% 3%Membership EUA good thing 12049 45% 33% 12% 5% 2% 1% 0% 2%A bad thing 3589 37% 23% 8% 8% 3% 16% 0% 4%Neither good nor bad 8020 42% 27% 10% 7% 3% 6% 0% 5%

QA12a Which of the following do you think is the most positive result of European unification?


the EU




as ERASMUS


None (SPONTANEOUS)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

UE25 EU25 22426 20% 30% 18% 14% 8% 6% 0% 4%BE 986 19% 29% 27% 13% 7% 4% 0% 1%CZ 1001 22% 31% 12% 20% 8% 3% 0% 3%DK 955 23% 33% 14% 12% 11% 5% 0% 3%D-W 946 20% 40% 18% 5% 8% 7% 1% 1%DE 1421 20% 40% 18% 6% 8% 7% 1% 1%D-E 479 18% 40% 21% 6% 5% 10% - 0%EE 921 23% 30% 12% 19% 9% 3% 1% 4%EL 951 17% 39% 10% 10% 11% 12% 0% 1%ES 859 14% 24% 22% 15% 8% 5% 1% 10%FR 947 20% 23% 23% 14% 8% 6% 0% 6%IE 924 18% 28% 28% 12% 7% 2% 0% 4%IT 930 19% 27% 21% 20% 6% 4% 0% 3%CY 497 16% 42% 11% 15% 11% 0% - 4%LV 953 22% 30% 8% 21% 11% 3% - 4%LT 898 20% 31% 12% 17% 13% - 1% 5%LU 483 14% 27% 33% 13% 6% 2% 1% 4%HU 921 16% 26% 21% 16% 15% 2% 1% 5%MT 439 16% 30% 14% 21% 8% 5% 0% 4%NL 1018 22% 26% 24% 11% 10% 3% 0% 2%AT 916 17% 33% 20% 14% 4% 8% 1% 3%PL 958 23% 31% 11% 16% 14% 3% 0% 3%PT 858 19% 34% 21% 12% 7% 2% 0% 5%SI 1028 11% 26% 22% 18% 10% 0% 1% 13%SK 1055 19% 34% 15% 20% 8% 2% 0% 2%FI 957 18% 30% 29% 15% 3% 4% 0% 1%SE 963 17% 38% 14% 18% 7% 4% 0% 2%UK 1029 23% 31% 10% 12% 8% 11% 0% 5%SexMale 10996 20% 30% 20% 12% 9% 5% 0% 3%Female 11430 19% 31% 16% 15% 8% 6% 0% 4%Age15-24 3542 22% 28% 18% 18% 8% 4% 0% 3%25-39 5999 21% 31% 19% 14% 7% 5% 0% 3%40-54 5821 20% 30% 17% 14% 10% 5% 1% 3%55 + 7065 17% 32% 18% 11% 9% 7% 1% 6%Education (End of)15 4964 19% 30% 17% 11% 9% 7% 1% 7%16-19 9090 20% 31% 18% 13% 9% 6% 0% 3%20+ 5884 20% 32% 19% 15% 7% 4% 0% 2%Still Studying 2209 22% 27% 19% 21% 7% 2% 0% 2%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 1879 19% 29% 22% 15% 8% 4% 0% 3%Managers 2306 21% 32% 19% 15% 7% 4% 0% 2%Other white collars 2487 21% 28% 20% 14% 8% 6% 0% 3%Manual workers 4707 21% 30% 17% 13% 9% 5% 1% 3%House persons 2024 19% 32% 16% 12% 7% 6% 1% 7%Unemployed 1462 20% 33% 16% 12% 8% 7% 0% 3%Retired 5352 17% 31% 18% 11% 10% 7% 0% 6%Students 2209 22% 27% 19% 21% 7% 2% 0% 2%Difficulty to pay billsYes 8016 19% 29% 16% 14% 9% 7% 0% 5%No 12924 20% 31% 19% 13% 8% 5% 0% 3%Membership EUA good thing 11687 20% 32% 22% 12% 8% 2% 0% 3%A bad thing 2845 19% 25% 11% 16% 7% 15% 0% 6%Neither good nor bad 7167 20% 29% 15% 14% 10% 7% 1% 4%

QA12b And the second most positive result?


the EU




as ERASMUS


None (SPONTANEOUS)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

UE25 EU25 24750 60% 56% 27% 18% 11% 10% 1% 4%BE 1020 55% 48% 54% 21% 10% 8% 0% 0%CZ 1036 61% 73% 16% 27% 10% 5% 0% 2%DK 1002 67% 65% 19% 19% 13% 7% 0% 2%D-W 1021 73% 60% 25% 8% 10% 12% 1% 1%DE 1526 74% 60% 26% 8% 9% 12% 1% 1%D-E 505 75% 60% 29% 9% 7% 14% - 0%EE 1005 54% 69% 15% 26% 12% 7% 1% 4%EL 1000 73% 61% 15% 15% 15% 16% 0% 0%ES 1009 47% 48% 32% 19% 10% 11% 2% 9%FR 1022 64% 44% 36% 21% 10% 10% 0% 3%IE 1000 48% 57% 51% 14% 9% 5% 0% 4%IT 1003 53% 63% 30% 25% 8% 7% 0% 4%CY 508 80% 65% 14% 18% 14% 1% 0% 1%LV 1016 59% 63% 11% 32% 16% 6% - 3%LT 1004 52% 62% 19% 22% 18% 3% 1% 8%LU 502 68% 40% 53% 18% 7% 5% 1% 1%HU 1009 53% 48% 32% 20% 22% 5% 1% 5%MT 500 69% 45% 18% 26% 10% 8% 0% 9%NL 1062 57% 65% 35% 17% 13% 6% 0% 2%AT 1041 56% 55% 30% 17% 5% 16% 2% 3%PL 1000 66% 65% 15% 21% 19% 5% 0% 2%PT 1011 62% 54% 27% 13% 7% 5% 0% 12%SI 1055 60% 53% 31% 25% 12% 2% 1% 1%SK 1092 56% 76% 19% 27% 11% 4% 0% 1%FI 1004 51% 63% 49% 19% 4% 8% 1% 1%SE 1001 71% 65% 18% 25% 8% 6% 0% 1%UK 1322 55% 49% 14% 17% 8% 21% 0% 10%SexMale 11939 60% 60% 29% 16% 11% 10% 1% 3%Female 12811 61% 54% 24% 20% 10% 11% 0% 6%Age15-24 3778 60% 57% 27% 28% 9% 6% 0% 4%25-39 6533 57% 63% 28% 18% 9% 10% 1% 3%40-54 6346 60% 58% 26% 18% 12% 10% 1% 3%55 + 8093 63% 50% 25% 14% 11% 13% 1% 6%Education (End of)15 5939 61% 46% 24% 13% 10% 14% 1% 9%16-19 10022 61% 57% 26% 17% 12% 11% 1% 3%20+ 6130 60% 67% 29% 20% 9% 7% 0% 1%Still Studying 2295 60% 57% 28% 32% 10% 4% 0% 2%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 57% 63% 31% 18% 10% 9% 1% 2%Managers 2431 58% 70% 28% 19% 8% 8% 0% 1%Other white collars 2618 59% 63% 31% 19% 10% 8% 0% 2%Manual workers 5253 60% 56% 26% 17% 12% 11% 1% 4%House persons 2382 57% 54% 23% 16% 8% 11% 1% 9%Unemployed 1637 63% 54% 25% 18% 10% 14% 0% 4%Retired 6113 64% 48% 25% 14% 12% 12% 1% 6%Students 2295 60% 57% 28% 32% 10% 4% 0% 2%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 59% 54% 24% 19% 11% 12% 1% 5%No 14058 62% 59% 28% 17% 10% 10% 1% 3%Membership EUA good thing 12049 64% 65% 33% 17% 10% 4% 1% 2%A bad thing 3589 53% 43% 16% 21% 9% 28% 1% 4%Neither good nor bad 8020 60% 53% 23% 20% 12% 12% 1% 5%

QA12a+b The most positive results of European unification

TOTAL Not at all satisfactory

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very

satisfactoryDK Average

UE25 EU25 24750 17% 10% 15% 14% 19% 9% 5% 2% 1% 1% 7% 3,8BE 1020 14% 7% 15% 17% 22% 12% 9% 2% 0% 1% 1% 4,2CZ 1036 20% 7% 16% 14% 19% 9% 7% 4% 1% 1% 2% 3,9DK 1002 6% 5% 19% 14% 28% 9% 5% 4% 0% 1% 9% 4,4D-W 1021 29% 15% 20% 13% 12% 2% 2% 1% 0% 1% 4% 2,9DE 1526 31% 15% 20% 13% 12% 2% 2% 1% 0% 1% 3% 2,8D-E 505 40% 15% 18% 13% 8% 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 2,5EE 1005 8% 3% 13% 13% 25% 8% 7% 4% 1% 2% 15% 4,6EL 1000 25% 14% 16% 14% 17% 6% 5% 3% 0% 0% 0% 3,4ES 1009 5% 5% 11% 16% 21% 16% 11% 4% 1% 0% 12% 4,8FR 1022 19% 11% 20% 18% 18% 5% 2% 1% 0% 1% 5% 3,4IE 1000 3% 2% 6% 11% 20% 12% 15% 12% 7% 4% 9% 5,9IT 1003 18% 11% 11% 12% 18% 12% 8% 3% 1% 1% 6% 4,0CY 508 23% 5% 11% 15% 19% 11% 5% 3% 0% 1% 6% 3,9LV 1016 13% 7% 16% 13% 19% 9% 6% 4% 1% 1% 11% 4,1LT 1004 8% 3% 6% 6% 24% 10% 12% 9% 3% 3% 15% 5,3LU 502 21% 8% 19% 13% 19% 8% 6% 2% 1% 1% 3% 3,7HU 1009 20% 10% 15% 14% 21% 9% 5% 2% - 1% 4% 3,7MT 500 14% 7% 14% 13% 18% 12% 9% 5% 1% 1% 6% 4,3NL 1062 5% 2% 12% 15% 26% 20% 8% 0% 0% 0% 11% 4,7AT 1041 32% 11% 16% 15% 12% 5% 3% 1% 0% 1% 2% 3,1PL 1000 17% 10% 16% 15% 21% 8% 5% 2% 0% 2% 4% 3,9PT 1011 16% 13% 17% 14% 18% 5% 4% 4% 4% 0% 5% 3,8SI 1055 9% 10% 17% 19% 20% 10% 7% 3% 1% - 4% 4,1SK 1092 14% 12% 18% 15% 16% 10% 7% 6% 1% 1% 1% 4,1FI 1004 7% 12% 19% 20% 20% 12% 8% 1% 0% - 2% 4,1SE 1001 12% 12% 21% 20% 18% 4% 2% 1% - - 9% 3,5UK 1322 12% 7% 12% 13% 23% 9% 5% 2% 0% 1% 17% 4,1SexMale 11939 16% 10% 16% 15% 19% 9% 6% 2% 1% 1% 5% 3,9Female 12811 18% 10% 15% 14% 18% 8% 5% 2% 0% 1% 9% 3,7Age15-24 3778 10% 7% 13% 16% 19% 12% 9% 3% 1% 1% 8% 4,425-39 6533 16% 10% 17% 14% 19% 9% 5% 3% 1% 1% 6% 3,840-54 6346 19% 11% 16% 15% 19% 7% 5% 2% 0% 1% 6% 3,655 + 8093 20% 10% 15% 13% 18% 7% 5% 2% 0% 1% 9% 3,6Education (End of)15 5939 22% 11% 12% 13% 16% 7% 5% 2% 1% 1% 9% 3,616-19 10022 19% 11% 16% 14% 18% 9% 5% 2% 0% 1% 5% 3,720+ 6130 14% 9% 18% 16% 21% 9% 5% 2% 1% 0% 6% 3,9Still Studying 2295 7% 6% 14% 17% 20% 13% 11% 3% 1% 1% 8% 4,6Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 17% 11% 15% 15% 19% 9% 6% 2% 1% 1% 6% 3,8Managers 2431 15% 10% 16% 17% 20% 8% 5% 2% 1% 0% 6% 3,8Other white collars 2618 16% 9% 17% 15% 19% 11% 5% 3% 0% 0% 6% 3,9Manual workers 5253 19% 11% 17% 14% 18% 7% 5% 3% 0% 1% 5% 3,7House persons 2382 18% 9% 12% 13% 20% 8% 5% 2% 1% 1% 11% 3,8Unemployed 1637 25% 10% 16% 13% 15% 7% 4% 2% 1% 3% 5% 3,6Retired 6113 20% 11% 15% 13% 18% 8% 4% 2% 0% 1% 8% 3,6Students 2295 7% 6% 14% 17% 20% 13% 11% 3% 1% 1% 8% 4,6Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 21% 11% 15% 13% 16% 8% 5% 2% 1% 1% 6% 3,6No 14058 16% 9% 16% 15% 20% 9% 5% 2% 0% 1% 7% 3,8Membership EUA good thing 12049 10% 8% 15% 16% 21% 11% 8% 3% 1% 1% 6% 4,3A bad thing 3589 36% 14% 15% 10% 10% 5% 2% 1% 0% 1% 6% 2,8Neither good nor bad 8020 21% 10% 17% 14% 18% 7% 4% 2% 0% 1% 7% 3,5


QA13.1 Using a scale from 1 to 10, how would you judge the performance of the European Union in each of the following areas? '1' means that the European Union’s performance in a specific area is "not at all satisfactory" and '10' means that its performance is "very satisfactory".


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very


UE25 EU25 24750 8% 6% 12% 13% 22% 13% 10% 5% 1% 1% 8% 4,7BE 1020 8% 6% 10% 11% 24% 18% 16% 5% 1% 1% 1% 4,9CZ 1036 8% 4% 10% 12% 22% 12% 14% 10% 2% 2% 4% 5,1DK 1002 4% 5% 12% 12% 28% 10% 11% 8% 1% 1% 9% 5,0D-W 1021 7% 7% 15% 15% 26% 11% 7% 5% 1% 1% 5% 4,6DE 1526 8% 8% 15% 15% 24% 11% 7% 5% 1% 1% 4% 4,5D-E 505 11% 10% 18% 16% 19% 9% 5% 5% 2% 2% 2% 4,3EE 1005 7% 4% 12% 11% 20% 11% 11% 4% 2% 2% 16% 4,9EL 1000 11% 8% 10% 12% 18% 17% 13% 7% 2% 1% 1% 4,8ES 1009 2% 4% 9% 14% 20% 15% 15% 6% 1% 0% 13% 5,2FR 1022 10% 9% 15% 13% 23% 8% 8% 3% 1% 1% 8% 4,3IE 1000 2% 2% 4% 7% 19% 15% 18% 14% 5% 4% 10% 6,1IT 1003 9% 5% 10% 11% 19% 18% 13% 6% 1% 1% 7% 4,9CY 508 7% 4% 6% 7% 17% 13% 14% 15% 6% 5% 5% 5,8LV 1016 9% 8% 12% 11% 21% 12% 10% 5% 2% 0% 11% 4,6LT 1004 6% 5% 7% 6% 18% 12% 9% 11% 5% 3% 19% 5,5LU 502 12% 5% 13% 9% 26% 9% 8% 8% 2% 1% 5% 4,6HU 1009 10% 7% 13% 14% 24% 11% 9% 4% 0% 2% 7% 4,4MT 500 4% 5% 9% 8% 15% 15% 16% 11% 3% 2% 12% 5,5NL 1062 3% 2% 6% 10% 19% 27% 19% 4% 0% 0% 9% 5,4AT 1041 17% 9% 13% 14% 16% 12% 8% 3% 0% 3% 5% 4,1PL 1000 9% 8% 14% 15% 21% 11% 7% 5% 1% 1% 8% 4,4PT 1011 6% 10% 12% 14% 19% 10% 10% 8% 4% 0% 8% 4,8SI 1055 5% 8% 17% 17% 22% 11% 10% 5% 1% 0% 5% 4,6SK 1092 7% 8% 14% 15% 20% 13% 10% 7% 2% 1% 2% 4,7FI 1004 3% 8% 15% 16% 21% 14% 13% 5% 0% 0% 3% 4,7SE 1001 5% 8% 16% 17% 23% 10% 7% 2% 1% 0% 12% 4,3UK 1322 8% 4% 8% 10% 23% 11% 11% 6% 2% 1% 15% 4,9SexMale 11939 8% 6% 12% 13% 23% 13% 11% 6% 2% 1% 6% 4,8Female 12811 8% 7% 11% 13% 21% 13% 10% 5% 1% 1% 10% 4,7Age15-24 3778 3% 4% 8% 13% 21% 13% 16% 9% 2% 1% 10% 5,425-39 6533 7% 7% 11% 13% 23% 15% 11% 6% 1% 1% 6% 4,840-54 6346 8% 7% 13% 14% 22% 12% 10% 5% 1% 1% 7% 4,655 + 8093 10% 6% 13% 13% 21% 11% 9% 4% 1% 1% 11% 4,5Education (End of)15 5939 10% 7% 13% 13% 19% 11% 9% 4% 1% 1% 12% 4,516-19 10022 9% 7% 12% 14% 23% 12% 10% 5% 1% 1% 6% 4,620+ 6130 6% 6% 11% 13% 23% 14% 12% 6% 2% 1% 6% 4,9Still Studying 2295 2% 3% 8% 11% 20% 16% 15% 11% 3% 1% 10% 5,6Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 7% 7% 11% 13% 22% 15% 12% 6% 1% 1% 5% 4,8Managers 2431 5% 6% 12% 13% 22% 15% 13% 6% 2% 0% 5% 4,9Other white collars 2618 6% 6% 12% 12% 23% 17% 11% 5% 2% 0% 6% 4,9Manual workers 5253 8% 6% 12% 14% 23% 12% 10% 5% 1% 2% 6% 4,7House persons 2382 9% 7% 10% 11% 21% 13% 9% 4% 1% 1% 14% 4,6Unemployed 1637 10% 8% 14% 13% 21% 8% 10% 5% 1% 2% 7% 4,4Retired 6113 10% 6% 13% 14% 20% 11% 8% 4% 1% 1% 11% 4,4Students 2295 2% 3% 8% 11% 20% 16% 15% 11% 3% 1% 10% 5,6Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 10% 8% 12% 13% 20% 13% 9% 5% 1% 1% 8% 4,5No 14058 6% 5% 12% 13% 23% 13% 11% 6% 1% 1% 8% 4,8Membership EUA good thing 12049 3% 4% 10% 13% 23% 16% 14% 7% 2% 1% 6% 5,2A bad thing 3589 22% 12% 15% 12% 16% 8% 5% 2% 1% 1% 6% 3,6Neither good nor bad 8020 9% 7% 14% 14% 23% 11% 8% 4% 1% 1% 9% 4,5




2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very



The protection of human rights



2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very






2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very



Helping poor people in the world



2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very





TOTALThings are going in the right

directionThings are going in the wrong

directionNeither the one nor the other

(SPONTANEOUS)DK


(OUR COUNTRY)

QA14.1 At the present time, would you say that, in general, things are going in the right direction or in the wrong direction, in…?

TOTALThings are going in the right

directionThings are going in the wrong

directionNeither the one nor the other

(SPONTANEOUS)DK


The European Union

QA14.2 At the present time, would you say that, in general, things are going in the right direction or in the wrong direction, in…?

TOTAL Strongly in favour Somewhat in favour Somewhat opposed Strongly opposed DK In favour Opposed


QA15 Today, each European Union Member State is responsible for its own social welfare system. To what extent would you be in favour or opposed to the harmonisation of social welfare systems within the European Union?

TOTAL Totally agree Tend to agree Tend to disagree Totally disagree DK Agree DisagreeUE25 EU25 16640 19% 30% 24% 13% 15% 48% 37%BE 1020 30% 39% 20% 6% 6% 68% 25%D-W 1021 8% 17% 39% 24% 13% 25% 62%DE 1526 8% 18% 39% 23% 11% 26% 62%D-E 505 8% 22% 41% 22% 7% 30% 63%EL 1000 36% 28% 21% 12% 3% 65% 33%ES 1009 17% 30% 14% 6% 33% 47% 20%FR 1022 23% 35% 21% 9% 12% 57% 30%IE 1000 23% 34% 13% 4% 26% 58% 16%IT 1003 24% 40% 15% 7% 14% 64% 22%LU 502 35% 25% 17% 10% 12% 60% 28%NL 1062 15% 22% 30% 25% 7% 37% 55%AT 1041 11% 23% 29% 25% 12% 34% 54%PT 1011 23% 33% 16% 4% 24% 56% 20%FI 1004 26% 44% 19% 3% 8% 70% 22%SexMale 8053 22% 31% 24% 13% 11% 53% 37%Female 8587 15% 29% 24% 12% 19% 44% 37%Age15-24 2389 18% 31% 27% 9% 16% 48% 36%25-39 4405 21% 33% 21% 13% 12% 53% 34%40-54 4242 20% 30% 26% 13% 11% 50% 39%55 + 5605 16% 27% 23% 14% 20% 43% 37%Education (End of)15 4591 13% 26% 23% 15% 24% 39% 37%16-19 6231 18% 30% 25% 14% 11% 49% 40%20+ 4110 25% 33% 23% 10% 8% 58% 33%Still Studying 1438 19% 31% 26% 8% 16% 49% 34%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 1474 24% 32% 23% 14% 7% 56% 37%Managers 1523 25% 32% 24% 12% 8% 56% 36%Other white collars 1824 20% 34% 26% 11% 9% 54% 36%Manual workers 3577 18% 31% 24% 14% 14% 49% 38%House persons 1951 15% 25% 22% 10% 26% 41% 33%Unemployed 965 19% 29% 24% 15% 13% 48% 39%Retired 3888 15% 27% 24% 15% 19% 42% 39%Students 1438 19% 31% 26% 8% 16% 49% 34%Difficulty to pay billsYes 6427 18% 32% 22% 12% 16% 50% 34%No 9165 19% 29% 25% 14% 13% 48% 39%Membership EUA good thing 8613 25% 32% 22% 8% 12% 58% 30%A bad thing 2261 11% 24% 28% 24% 14% 35% 51%Neither good nor bad 5153 12% 30% 27% 15% 17% 41% 42%

The (FORMER NATIONAL CURRENCY) would have been vulnerable on foreign exchange markets

(IF 'EURO ZONE')

QA16a.1 Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following. If the Euro had not been introduced in (OUR COUNTRY)…


Inflation would have been much higher

(IF 'EURO ZONE')



The (NATIONALITY) economy would have been more competitive

(IF 'EURO ZONE')


TOTAL Totally agree Tend to agree Tend to disagree Totally disagree DK Agree DisagreeUE25 EU25 8109 18% 31% 22% 13% 16% 49% 35%CZ 1036 17% 33% 29% 11% 10% 50% 40%DK 1002 18% 26% 28% 20% 8% 44% 48%EE 1005 16% 32% 21% 14% 17% 48% 35%CY 508 23% 25% 18% 18% 16% 48% 36%LV 1016 16% 25% 30% 12% 17% 41% 42%LT 1004 13% 31% 24% 12% 20% 44% 36%HU 1009 35% 32% 12% 5% 16% 66% 18%MT 500 14% 27% 18% 9% 32% 41% 27%PL 1000 18% 37% 19% 4% 22% 54% 24%SI 1055 38% 39% 14% 3% 6% 77% 17%SK 1092 23% 45% 20% 3% 9% 67% 23%SE 1001 25% 34% 19% 11% 11% 59% 30%UK 1322 13% 25% 25% 21% 16% 38% 47%SexMale 3886 19% 30% 24% 15% 12% 49% 39%Female 4223 17% 31% 21% 11% 20% 48% 32%Age15-24 1389 19% 37% 21% 10% 14% 56% 30%25-39 2128 18% 31% 26% 12% 13% 48% 38%40-54 2104 18% 32% 21% 14% 14% 50% 36%55 + 2488 18% 26% 21% 14% 22% 43% 35%Education (End of)15 1347 16% 23% 17% 16% 28% 39% 33%16-19 3791 18% 31% 23% 13% 15% 49% 37%20+ 2020 19% 34% 24% 12% 12% 53% 35%Still Studying 856 17% 36% 24% 9% 13% 53% 33%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 547 19% 28% 26% 13% 13% 47% 39%Managers 909 18% 35% 26% 14% 7% 52% 41%Other white collars 794 15% 34% 26% 15% 10% 49% 41%Manual workers 1676 17% 31% 22% 15% 15% 48% 37%House persons 430 21% 30% 17% 12% 20% 51% 29%Unemployed 672 21% 31% 18% 10% 21% 52% 27%Retired 2224 18% 26% 20% 13% 23% 44% 33%Students 856 17% 36% 24% 9% 13% 53% 33%Difficulty to pay billsYes 2623 20% 29% 21% 13% 18% 49% 34%No 4893 17% 32% 23% 14% 15% 48% 37%Membership EUA good thing 3436 22% 36% 22% 7% 12% 59% 29%A bad thing 1328 14% 19% 24% 31% 12% 33% 55%Neither good nor bad 2867 15% 31% 24% 12% 18% 46% 36%

The (NATIONAL CURRENCY) would be vulnerable on foreign exchange markets

(IF 'NOT EURO ZONE')

QA16b.1 Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following. If the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) is not replaced by the Euro…


Inflation would be much higher




The (NATIONALITY) economy would be more competitive



TOTALGlobalisation represents a good opportunity

for (NATIONALITY) companies thanks to the opening-up of markets

Globalisation represents a threat to employment and companies in (OUR

COUNTRY)DK

UE25 EU25 24750 37% 47% 16%BE 1020 33% 64% 3%CZ 1036 43% 45% 11%DK 1002 77% 16% 7%D-W 1021 33% 58% 8%DE 1526 34% 59% 7%D-E 505 35% 61% 4%EE 1005 51% 22% 27%EL 1000 25% 72% 3%ES 1009 35% 33% 33%FR 1022 21% 72% 8%IE 1000 39% 35% 26%IT 1003 37% 40% 23%CY 508 23% 65% 12%LV 1016 31% 47% 22%LT 1004 42% 22% 36%LU 502 28% 59% 13%HU 1009 28% 49% 23%MT 500 44% 40% 16%NL 1062 53% 38% 10%AT 1041 32% 52% 15%PL 1000 46% 31% 23%PT 1011 34% 47% 19%SI 1055 37% 53% 10%SK 1092 47% 34% 19%FI 1004 38% 57% 5%SE 1001 54% 37% 9%UK 1322 45% 38% 17%SexMale 11939 40% 48% 12%Female 12811 34% 46% 20%Age15-24 3778 45% 42% 13%25-39 6533 41% 46% 13%40-54 6346 35% 51% 14%55 + 8093 31% 47% 22%Education (End of)15 5939 26% 48% 26%16-19 10022 35% 51% 15%20+ 6130 46% 44% 9%Still Studying 2295 49% 39% 11%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 43% 45% 12%Managers 2431 48% 44% 8%Other white collars 2618 39% 49% 11%Manual workers 5253 34% 51% 14%House persons 2382 30% 45% 25%Unemployed 1637 35% 48% 17%Retired 6113 30% 48% 22%Students 2295 49% 39% 11%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 31% 51% 19%No 14058 41% 45% 14%Membership EUA good thing 12049 50% 37% 12%A bad thing 3589 18% 66% 16%Neither good nor bad 8020 28% 55% 17%

QA17 Which of the following two propositions is the one which is closest to your opinion with regard to globalisation?

TOTAL Totally agree Tend to agree Tend to disagree Totally disagree DK Agree DisagreeUE25 EU25 24750 29% 34% 22% 6% 9% 63% 28%BE 1020 31% 43% 20% 5% 1% 74% 25%CZ 1036 17% 32% 36% 10% 5% 49% 46%DK 1002 20% 31% 32% 13% 4% 51% 45%D-W 1021 51% 30% 13% 4% 2% 81% 17%DE 1526 50% 30% 14% 3% 2% 80% 18%D-E 505 48% 29% 19% 3% 2% 77% 21%EE 1005 16% 37% 28% 8% 11% 53% 36%EL 1000 36% 36% 20% 6% 2% 72% 26%ES 1009 13% 32% 21% 6% 27% 46% 27%FR 1022 38% 34% 16% 7% 5% 72% 24%IE 1000 25% 41% 20% 3% 10% 66% 23%IT 1003 17% 41% 24% 5% 14% 58% 29%CY 508 47% 35% 8% 4% 6% 82% 12%LV 1016 24% 36% 23% 7% 9% 60% 30%LT 1004 14% 31% 33% 9% 13% 45% 42%LU 502 40% 29% 16% 12% 3% 69% 28%HU 1009 20% 34% 27% 10% 9% 54% 37%MT 500 17% 39% 27% 8% 8% 57% 35%NL 1062 29% 33% 26% 9% 3% 62% 35%AT 1041 45% 30% 13% 6% 5% 75% 20%PL 1000 15% 30% 35% 10% 9% 45% 45%PT 1011 25% 43% 14% 4% 14% 68% 18%SI 1055 18% 41% 30% 7% 4% 59% 37%SK 1092 11% 38% 37% 7% 6% 50% 45%FI 1004 25% 39% 28% 5% 3% 64% 33%SE 1001 22% 37% 23% 12% 6% 59% 35%UK 1322 31% 33% 19% 4% 12% 64% 24%SexMale 11939 30% 34% 22% 7% 7% 64% 29%Female 12811 28% 34% 21% 6% 11% 62% 27%Age15-24 3778 21% 36% 28% 8% 8% 57% 35%25-39 6533 27% 34% 26% 6% 8% 61% 32%40-54 6346 31% 34% 21% 6% 8% 65% 27%55 + 8093 33% 33% 16% 6% 12% 66% 22%Education (End of)15 5939 34% 31% 15% 4% 16% 65% 19%16-19 10022 32% 35% 21% 6% 7% 66% 27%20+ 6130 25% 36% 27% 8% 5% 60% 34%Still Studying 2295 18% 34% 31% 9% 9% 52% 40%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 26% 38% 23% 6% 6% 65% 30%Managers 2431 27% 32% 29% 7% 5% 60% 36%Other white collars 2618 27% 35% 26% 6% 6% 62% 32%Manual workers 5253 32% 34% 20% 5% 9% 66% 25%House persons 2382 26% 35% 18% 5% 16% 61% 23%Unemployed 1637 31% 34% 19% 7% 9% 65% 26%Retired 6113 33% 33% 16% 6% 12% 66% 22%Students 2295 18% 34% 31% 9% 9% 52% 40%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 29% 35% 21% 5% 11% 63% 26%No 14058 30% 34% 22% 7% 8% 64% 28%Membership EUA good thing 12049 20% 36% 28% 8% 8% 56% 36%A bad thing 3589 49% 29% 12% 5% 5% 77% 17%Neither good nor bad 8020 34% 35% 18% 4% 10% 68% 22%

Further European Union enlargement would increase problems on the (NATIONALITY) job market

QA18.1 Could you tell me to what extend you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.


Due to the enlargement of the European Union, many products have become cheaper



Further European Union enlargement improves the influence of the European Union in the world



Overall, the enlargement of the European Union is something positive


TOTAL Excitement Satisfaction Hope Frustration Annoyance Fear IndifferenceOther

(SPONTANEOUS)DK

UE25 EU25 24750 4% 8% 30% 9% 12% 15% 17% 2% 5%BE 1020 2% 8% 29% 9% 16% 16% 16% 2% 1%CZ 1036 1% 11% 30% 9% 6% 11% 21% 3% 6%DK 1002 11% 9% 29% 16% 9% 11% 10% 1% 3%D-W 1021 10% 2% 23% 16% 14% 23% 7% 2% 3%DE 1526 9% 2% 24% 15% 14% 23% 8% 2% 2%D-E 505 7% 3% 28% 13% 11% 23% 14% 1% 1%EE 1005 7% 8% 40% 5% 4% 9% 21% 1% 5%EL 1000 3% 7% 36% 17% 4% 17% 15% 1% - ES 1009 5% 7% 30% 4% 4% 8% 30% 1% 10%FR 1022 1% 5% 20% 4% 26% 24% 15% 2% 3%IE 1000 4% 9% 32% 6% 6% 11% 21% 3% 8%IT 1003 2% 16% 35% 3% 8% 17% 12% 1% 6%CY 508 2% 6% 51% 8% 1% 14% 16% 1% 1%LV 1016 14% 5% 34% 8% 5% 4% 26% 2% 3%LT 1004 3% 5% 39% 6% 10% 8% 22% 0% 6%LU 502 6% 4% 24% 8% 13% 29% 11% 4% 2%HU 1009 3% 7% 39% 10% 5% 9% 23% 1% 3%MT 500 2% 13% 34% 4% 3% 16% 17% 2% 8%NL 1062 3% 6% 28% 14% 22% 8% 14% 3% 3%AT 1041 9% 8% 24% 13% 19% 13% 8% 2% 4%PL 1000 2% 10% 43% 3% 5% 7% 25% 1% 3%PT 1011 5% 9% 37% 5% 4% 16% 15% 1% 6%SI 1055 6% 12% 41% 5% 7% 9% 10% 2% 7%SK 1092 4% 10% 36% 3% 10% 15% 17% 1% 3%FI 1004 3% 8% 24% 17% 16% 14% 14% 3% 1%SE 1001 1% 6% 33% 14% 10% 9% 21% 3% 3%UK 1322 1% 7% 30% 14% 10% 9% 22% 1% 6%SexMale 11939 4% 9% 31% 9% 12% 13% 16% 2% 4%Female 12811 4% 6% 29% 8% 11% 17% 18% 1% 5%Age15-24 3778 4% 10% 32% 6% 8% 9% 24% 1% 5%25-39 6533 4% 8% 32% 8% 11% 14% 18% 2% 4%40-54 6346 4% 8% 30% 10% 14% 15% 14% 1% 4%55 + 8093 3% 6% 28% 10% 12% 18% 16% 2% 5%Education (End of)15 5939 3% 6% 24% 9% 11% 20% 19% 1% 7%16-19 10022 3% 6% 31% 10% 13% 16% 16% 1% 4%20+ 6130 4% 10% 34% 8% 12% 12% 14% 2% 3%Still Studying 2295 4% 11% 35% 6% 6% 7% 24% 1% 5%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 5% 9% 33% 10% 12% 12% 13% 2% 3%Managers 2431 6% 10% 34% 7% 10% 14% 14% 2% 3%Other white collars 2618 3% 9% 31% 9% 13% 14% 16% 2% 4%Manual workers 5253 3% 7% 28% 10% 13% 16% 18% 1% 4%House persons 2382 4% 7% 30% 8% 8% 16% 19% 2% 7%Unemployed 1637 3% 5% 33% 8% 14% 14% 19% 1% 4%Retired 6113 3% 6% 27% 10% 12% 19% 15% 2% 6%Students 2295 4% 11% 35% 6% 6% 7% 24% 1% 5%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 3% 8% 30% 8% 11% 16% 17% 1% 5%No 14058 4% 7% 30% 9% 12% 15% 17% 2% 4%Membership EUA good thing 12049 5% 12% 42% 5% 7% 11% 12% 2% 4%A bad thing 3589 3% 3% 9% 17% 24% 23% 14% 2% 4%Neither good nor bad 8020 2% 4% 23% 10% 13% 18% 23% 1% 4%

QA19 When you hear discussions about further enlargement of the European Union, which of the following first comes to mind?

TOTAL

Being able to vote in all elections

organised in the Member State where you live

A European social welfare

system

A President of the European Union directly

elected by Member State

citizens

The replacementof national

income tax by a European

income tax

A European Constitution

A European Olympic team

None of these (SPONTANEOUS

)

I do not want to be a European

citizen (SPONTANEOUS

)

Other (SPONTANEOUS

)DK

UE25 EU25 24750 21% 32% 16% 11% 27% 5% 12% 8% 1% 8%BE 1020 26% 38% 21% 13% 44% 6% 7% 4% 2% 1%CZ 1036 19% 42% 11% 14% 20% 5% 14% 8% 1% 5%DK 1002 50% 33% 11% 9% 28% 4% 7% 4% 1% 5%D-W 1021 15% 21% 17% 8% 34% 3% 20% 9% 2% 4%DE 1526 15% 22% 16% 9% 34% 3% 21% 9% 2% 3%D-E 505 16% 27% 13% 11% 34% 5% 21% 9% 2% 2%EE 1005 16% 35% 6% 6% 35% 14% 11% 6% 1% 9%EL 1000 32% 52% 19% 12% 28% 5% 9% 7% 1% 0%ES 1009 17% 26% 12% 4% 34% 2% 10% 4% 1% 23%FR 1022 29% 37% 26% 12% 29% 7% 6% 5% 1% 6%IE 1000 45% 19% 18% 13% 19% 9% 10% 7% 1% 13%IT 1003 19% 30% 23% 9% 29% 5% 7% 3% 1% 10%CY 508 31% 48% 16% 6% 36% 7% 8% 4% 1% 6%LV 1016 31% 51% 11% 15% 12% 5% 11% 4% 1% 7%LT 1004 14% 48% 8% 22% 20% 3% 11% 1% 1% 15%LU 502 45% 25% 23% 2% 33% 6% 8% 3% 3% 6%HU 1009 20% 32% 9% 18% 32% 4% 11% 5% 1% 11%MT 500 40% 28% 15% 5% 27% 2% 11% 5% 1% 15%NL 1062 24% 28% 17% 14% 37% 8% 11% 4% 1% 4%AT 1041 16% 26% 20% 9% 22% 6% 16% 13% 3% 6%PL 1000 24% 61% 11% 13% 20% 4% 5% 1% 0% 8%PT 1011 34% 46% 13% 15% 14% 3% 4% 3% 1% 19%SI 1055 22% 35% 18% 13% 33% 8% 14% 4% 6% 3%SK 1092 24% 57% 16% 16% 19% 5% 12% 2% 1% 5%FI 1004 26% 27% 8% 8% 24% 3% 19% 8% 1% 4%SE 1001 38% 36% 13% 17% 28% 4% 8% 4% 2% 5%UK 1322 14% 22% 11% 10% 14% 4% 17% 25% 0% 8%SexMale 11939 21% 34% 18% 12% 31% 5% 11% 7% 1% 6%Female 12811 21% 31% 15% 9% 24% 4% 12% 8% 1% 10%Age15-24 3778 26% 34% 19% 12% 27% 7% 9% 5% 1% 8%25-39 6533 22% 35% 18% 12% 28% 5% 12% 6% 1% 7%40-54 6346 21% 34% 16% 12% 28% 4% 12% 7% 1% 6%55 + 8093 18% 29% 14% 7% 26% 3% 13% 11% 1% 11%Education (End of)15 5939 17% 25% 13% 7% 21% 3% 14% 12% 1% 14%16-19 10022 20% 34% 16% 12% 26% 5% 12% 9% 1% 7%20+ 6130 24% 37% 20% 12% 35% 4% 10% 4% 1% 3%Still Studying 2295 30% 35% 20% 10% 30% 7% 8% 3% 1% 7%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 22% 34% 16% 14% 30% 4% 13% 5% 1% 5%Managers 2431 22% 33% 21% 14% 36% 3% 12% 5% 1% 3%Other white collars 2618 23% 37% 17% 12% 30% 5% 11% 5% 1% 5%Manual workers 5253 20% 32% 16% 12% 26% 5% 12% 9% 1% 8%House persons 2382 20% 28% 15% 9% 24% 3% 11% 6% 1% 15%Unemployed 1637 22% 37% 17% 10% 21% 5% 11% 8% 2% 8%Retired 6113 18% 30% 14% 7% 25% 4% 13% 12% 1% 11%Students 2295 30% 35% 20% 10% 30% 7% 8% 3% 1% 7%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 20% 35% 15% 11% 24% 5% 11% 8% 1% 10%No 14058 21% 31% 17% 11% 30% 4% 13% 8% 1% 7%Membership EUA good thing 12049 25% 37% 20% 12% 38% 4% 8% 2% 1% 6%A bad thing 3589 16% 23% 12% 8% 12% 5% 17% 24% 1% 7%Neither good nor bad 8020 20% 32% 14% 11% 20% 5% 15% 8% 1% 9%

QA20 Which two of the following would strengthen your feeling about being a European citizen? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

TOTALVoting in elections

Joining a political party

Joining a demonstration

Signing a petition

Going on strike

Joining a tradeunion

Being a member of a

consumer association

Being a member or

supporter of an NGO

Participate in debates using the Internet

Other (SPONTANEOU

S)DK

UE25 EU25 24750 56% 13% 10% 15% 8% 9% 9% 7% 7% 4% 13%BE 1020 61% 18% 11% 19% 12% 12% 9% 8% 8% 5% 4%CZ 1036 54% 15% 9% 19% 9% 7% 4% 13% 6% 2% 12%DK 1002 83% 35% 4% 8% 2% 14% 5% 8% 11% 1% 2%D-W 1021 54% 18% 11% 14% 7% 7% 8% 7% 3% 8% 10%DE 1526 56% 17% 12% 14% 8% 7% 8% 7% 3% 8% 10%D-E 505 61% 11% 13% 15% 11% 7% 6% 7% 6% 8% 8%EE 1005 35% 8% 5% 14% 10% 11% 4% 8% 28% 3% 21%EL 1000 61% 12% 16% 27% 17% 11% 12% 7% 3% 3% 2%ES 1009 50% 5% 7% 9% 6% 3% 4% 4% 3% 4% 30%FR 1022 73% 6% 10% 17% 9% 7% 15% 7% 11% 2% 6%IE 1000 75% 16% 11% 16% 8% 15% 11% 7% 3% 1% 9%IT 1003 40% 16% 10% 12% 7% 8% 12% 6% 5% 4% 17%CY 508 56% 25% 9% 3% 12% 19% 10% 5% 12% 2% 10%LV 1016 48% 13% 11% 6% 12% 17% 4% 6% 14% 2% 16%LT 1004 39% 11% 6% 6% 6% 15% 6% 6% 11% 5% 27%LU 502 68% 15% 10% 20% 9% 14% 8% 6% 5% 3% 7%HU 1009 57% 7% 5% 16% 4% 6% 5% 10% 7% 3% 21%MT 500 74% 9% 7% 18% 8% 11% 5% 6% 7% - 11%NL 1062 73% 26% 7% 12% 6% 20% 7% 5% 9% 2% 5%AT 1041 43% 15% 17% 15% 12% 13% 7% 6% 3% 7% 12%PL 1000 46% 6% 12% 17% 14% 6% 6% 10% 17% 2% 14%PT 1011 66% 10% 9% 13% 7% 8% 7% 3% 2% 1% 20%SI 1055 51% 15% 8% 16% 9% 12% 11% 13% 15% 10% 5%SK 1092 44% 10% 23% 21% 19% 11% 11% 10% 10% 2% 8%FI 1004 70% 7% 5% 14% 7% 21% 5% 9% 6% 3% 4%SE 1001 75% 40% 6% 9% 7% 13% 5% 7% 9% 1% 3%UK 1322 56% 9% 9% 20% 7% 15% 8% 8% 9% 1% 15%SexMale 11939 56% 14% 11% 14% 10% 10% 8% 7% 8% 4% 12%Female 12811 55% 11% 10% 16% 7% 8% 9% 7% 7% 4% 15%Age15-24 3778 56% 15% 15% 15% 13% 9% 6% 8% 12% 3% 9%25-39 6533 55% 13% 12% 16% 10% 10% 9% 8% 8% 3% 11%40-54 6346 58% 13% 10% 15% 8% 9% 9% 8% 7% 3% 12%55 + 8093 55% 11% 7% 14% 6% 8% 9% 5% 4% 4% 18%Education (End of)15 5939 48% 9% 7% 13% 7% 8% 9% 4% 3% 4% 23%16-19 10022 56% 12% 10% 17% 9% 9% 9% 7% 8% 4% 11%20+ 6130 62% 17% 10% 15% 8% 10% 9% 9% 9% 4% 8%Still Studying 2295 60% 17% 17% 13% 12% 9% 6% 9% 11% 2% 8%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 54% 15% 12% 15% 7% 6% 11% 9% 8% 5% 9%Managers 2431 65% 19% 11% 14% 7% 10% 9% 9% 11% 3% 6%Other white collars 2618 59% 15% 10% 17% 10% 9% 9% 8% 8% 3% 10%Manual workers 5253 53% 11% 10% 16% 11% 12% 7% 6% 7% 4% 14%House persons 2382 53% 10% 8% 15% 6% 7% 10% 5% 5% 4% 19%Unemployed 1637 49% 10% 10% 16% 12% 9% 9% 9% 9% 4% 13%Retired 6113 56% 10% 6% 14% 6% 8% 9% 5% 4% 4% 18%Students 2295 60% 17% 17% 13% 12% 9% 6% 9% 11% 2% 8%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 50% 12% 10% 14% 11% 9% 9% 7% 7% 4% 15%No 14058 60% 13% 10% 16% 7% 9% 9% 7% 7% 4% 12%Membership EUA good thing 12049 63% 15% 11% 15% 7% 10% 9% 8% 9% 3% 8%A bad thing 3589 45% 12% 10% 18% 11% 9% 7% 6% 5% 6% 16%Neither good nor bad 8020 52% 10% 10% 15% 9% 9% 9% 6% 7% 4% 15%

QA21 Which two of the following do you think are the best ways of ensuring one’s voice is heard by decision-makers? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

TOTAL Will

definitely notpartake

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Is very likely to partake

DK Average

UE25 EU25 24750 10% 3% 4% 4% 10% 6% 9% 12% 8% 31% 4% 6,9BE 1020 15% 3% 4% 4% 11% 6% 9% 12% 6% 31% - 6,6CZ 1036 12% 4% 6% 4% 11% 5% 9% 12% 8% 29% 1% 6,6DK 1002 3% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 4% 6% 6% 73% 0% 9,0D-W 1021 10% 3% 4% 3% 9% 5% 7% 14% 9% 34% 3% 7,1DE 1526 10% 3% 4% 3% 9% 5% 7% 14% 9% 34% 2% 7,1D-E 505 10% 2% 5% 3% 8% 4% 6% 16% 8% 37% 1% 7,2EE 1005 16% 3% 5% 3% 12% 5% 8% 8% 4% 30% 6% 6,4EL 1000 10% 3% 2% 4% 10% 8% 10% 13% 11% 30% 0% 7,0ES 1009 6% 2% 3% 3% 15% 11% 15% 13% 4% 14% 12% 6,4FR 1022 7% 2% 2% 3% 9% 3% 6% 14% 10% 41% 3% 7,7IE 1000 5% 1% 3% 3% 8% 6% 12% 16% 9% 31% 7% 7,5IT 1003 11% 5% 5% 5% 9% 11% 10% 11% 7% 22% 5% 6,4CY 508 19% 3% 4% 2% 9% 3% 5% 8% 6% 34% 6% 6,4LV 1016 14% 4% 4% 4% 12% 5% 8% 9% 6% 28% 6% 6,4LT 1004 12% 2% 3% 2% 9% 3% 6% 9% 11% 35% 7% 7,1LU 502 11% 2% 3% 1% 8% 2% 5% 8% 4% 52% 2% 7,6HU 1009 12% 4% 5% 6% 12% 6% 6% 11% 5% 31% 3% 6,6MT 500 10% 3% 2% 3% 10% 6% 7% 12% 10% 30% 6% 7,1NL 1062 7% 1% 1% 2% 5% 5% 10% 13% 7% 47% 2% 8,0AT 1041 9% 4% 8% 7% 12% 7% 12% 10% 6% 21% 4% 6,2PL 1000 10% 3% 4% 4% 11% 5% 8% 11% 8% 33% 4% 7,0PT 1011 7% 6% 5% 4% 13% 10% 13% 13% 9% 10% 10% 6,1SI 1055 11% 5% 5% 5% 11% 6% 10% 13% 9% 23% 2% 6,5SK 1092 9% 5% 7% 6% 11% 9% 10% 13% 11% 16% 4% 6,2FI 1004 6% 4% 3% 3% 5% 3% 8% 15% 18% 35% 1% 7,7SE 1001 5% 2% 3% 2% 5% 2% 7% 11% 7% 55% 1% 8,3UK 1322 13% 3% 5% 4% 11% 6% 7% 9% 6% 29% 6% 6,5SexMale 11939 9% 3% 4% 4% 9% 6% 8% 13% 8% 33% 3% 7,1Female 12811 10% 3% 4% 4% 10% 7% 9% 12% 7% 29% 5% 6,8Age15-24 3778 8% 3% 5% 4% 11% 7% 9% 14% 8% 26% 5% 6,925-39 6533 8% 3% 4% 3% 10% 7% 10% 12% 8% 30% 4% 7,040-54 6346 8% 3% 4% 4% 9% 6% 8% 13% 8% 34% 3% 7,255 + 8093 13% 3% 3% 3% 10% 6% 8% 11% 7% 30% 6% 6,7Education (End of)15 5939 16% 4% 4% 4% 12% 7% 9% 10% 6% 22% 8% 6,116-19 10022 10% 3% 4% 4% 11% 7% 8% 13% 7% 29% 3% 6,820+ 6130 5% 2% 3% 3% 7% 6% 8% 13% 10% 42% 2% 7,8Still Studying 2295 6% 3% 4% 5% 9% 7% 9% 15% 8% 31% 5% 7,2Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 9% 3% 5% 3% 9% 8% 7% 12% 8% 32% 3% 7,0Managers 2431 4% 2% 2% 2% 7% 4% 8% 13% 11% 44% 2% 8,0Other white collars 2618 5% 2% 3% 4% 8% 7% 12% 14% 10% 33% 2% 7,5Manual workers 5253 10% 3% 5% 4% 12% 7% 8% 12% 8% 27% 5% 6,7House persons 2382 11% 4% 5% 3% 11% 8% 11% 12% 6% 21% 9% 6,3Unemployed 1637 13% 3% 5% 4% 12% 7% 8% 12% 5% 27% 4% 6,5Retired 6113 14% 3% 4% 3% 10% 6% 7% 10% 6% 32% 5% 6,7Students 2295 6% 3% 4% 5% 9% 7% 9% 15% 8% 31% 5% 7,2Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 12% 4% 5% 4% 11% 8% 9% 11% 7% 26% 5% 6,5No 14058 9% 2% 3% 3% 9% 6% 9% 13% 8% 34% 4% 7,2Membership EUA good thing 12049 5% 2% 3% 3% 8% 6% 9% 14% 9% 37% 3% 7,6A bad thing 3589 18% 4% 5% 4% 9% 6% 7% 9% 6% 28% 5% 6,2Neither good nor bad 8020 12% 4% 5% 4% 13% 7% 9% 11% 7% 24% 5% 6,4

Voting in referenda organised on the same day in all European Member States on European issues

QA22.1 Using a scale from 1 to 10, how likely would you be to participate in the following? '1' means that you "would definitely not partake" and '10' means that you "would be very likely to partake".

TOTAL Will

definitely notpartake

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Is very likely to partake

DK Average


Signing a European wide petition to tackle some issues at a European level rather than nationally

QA22.2 Using a scale from 1 to 10, how likely would you be to participate in the following? '1' means that you "would definitely not partake" and '10' means that you "would be very likely to partake".

TOTAL True False DKUE25 EU25 24750 30% 48% 21%BE 1020 34% 61% 5%CZ 1036 37% 51% 12%DK 1002 31% 55% 15%D-W 1021 37% 44% 19%DE 1526 38% 44% 18%D-E 505 43% 41% 16%EE 1005 29% 53% 18%EL 1000 31% 62% 6%ES 1009 22% 50% 28%FR 1022 21% 67% 12%IE 1000 36% 46% 18%IT 1003 35% 33% 32%CY 508 13% 75% 12%LV 1016 28% 44% 28%LT 1004 29% 44% 27%LU 502 17% 76% 8%HU 1009 21% 62% 17%MT 500 10% 73% 17%NL 1062 33% 44% 24%AT 1041 29% 58% 13%PL 1000 28% 56% 15%PT 1011 22% 63% 15%SI 1055 19% 71% 9%SK 1092 39% 52% 9%FI 1004 38% 49% 13%SE 1001 32% 54% 14%UK 1322 31% 33% 36%SexMale 11939 30% 55% 16%Female 12811 31% 42% 27%Age15-24 3778 29% 52% 19%25-39 6533 31% 51% 18%40-54 6346 31% 49% 19%55 + 8093 30% 43% 27%Education (End of)15 5939 29% 39% 33%16-19 10022 33% 46% 21%20+ 6130 29% 58% 13%Still Studying 2295 29% 58% 13%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 30% 51% 19%Managers 2431 30% 57% 13%Other white collars 2618 32% 51% 17%Manual workers 5253 30% 48% 21%House persons 2382 31% 36% 33%Unemployed 1637 32% 47% 21%Retired 6113 30% 45% 26%Students 2295 29% 58% 13%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 32% 44% 24%No 14058 30% 50% 20%Membership EUA good thing 12049 31% 54% 15%A bad thing 3589 31% 44% 25%Neither good nor bad 8020 31% 45% 25%

The European Union currently consists of fifteen Member States

QA23.1 For each of the following statements about the European Union could you please tell me whether you think it is true or false?


The members of the European Parliament are directly elected by the citizens of the European Union



(OUR COUNTRY) has a European Commissioner


Total Average of correct answers Average of wrong answers DKUE25 EU25 74249 56% 24% 20%BE 3060 69% 26% 5%CZ 3108 63% 28% 9%DK 3006 69% 22% 9%D-W 3063 53% 29% 18%DE 4578 54% 29% 17%D-E 1515 57% 31% 12%EE 3015 63% 20% 18%EL 3000 74% 20% 6%ES 3027 53% 18% 29%FR 3066 59% 24% 17%IE 3000 64% 18% 18%IT 3009 47% 26% 27%CY 1524 74% 11% 15%LV 3048 53% 22% 24%LT 3012 55% 22% 23%LU 1506 69% 17% 14%HU 3027 63% 22% 15%MT 1500 77% 6% 16%NL 3186 56% 29% 15%AT 3123 60% 28% 12%PL 3000 62% 22% 16%PT 3033 63% 20% 17%SI 3165 72% 19% 9%SK 3276 64% 27% 9%FI 3011 67% 24% 9%SE 3003 65% 27% 9%UK 3966 50% 21% 29%SexMale 35816 62% 24% 14%Female 38432 51% 24% 25%Age15-24 11334 55% 26% 19%25-39 19599 58% 25% 17%40-54 19038 59% 24% 17%55 + 24279 54% 22% 24%Education (End of)15 17816 47% 22% 31%16-19 30067 56% 25% 19%20+ 18389 65% 24% 11%Still Studying 6884 60% 27% 14%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 6063 60% 24% 16%Managers 7294 66% 24% 11%Other white collars 7854 60% 26% 14%Manual workers 15760 55% 24% 21%House persons 7146 46% 22% 31%Unemployed 4910 53% 26% 21%Retired 18338 54% 23% 23%Students 6884 60% 27% 14%Difficulty to pay billsYes 27150 52% 25% 23%No 42173 59% 24% 17%Membership EUA good thing 36147 63% 24% 13%A bad thing 10768 51% 27% 22%Neither good nor bad 24061 52% 25% 23%

Average

QA23 For each of the following statements about the European Union could you please tell me whether you think it is true or false?

TOTALAt least one correct

answer1 correct answer 2 correct answers 3 correct answers

At least one wrong answer

At least one answer DK

UE25 EU25 24750 86% 26% 38% 22% 55% 35%BE 1020 96% 20% 43% 33% 60% 11%CZ 1036 94% 24% 45% 24% 66% 19%DK 1002 97% 20% 41% 35% 52% 21%D-W 1021 86% 30% 39% 17% 64% 32%DE 1526 87% 29% 40% 18% 65% 31%D-E 505 91% 29% 43% 19% 68% 24%EE 1005 92% 25% 38% 29% 49% 33%EL 1000 97% 14% 41% 42% 49% 14%ES 1009 78% 21% 31% 26% 42% 43%FR 1022 90% 26% 40% 24% 55% 34%IE 1000 88% 15% 43% 30% 48% 30%IT 1003 80% 33% 33% 14% 58% 46%CY 508 93% 14% 28% 51% 29% 27%LV 1016 87% 30% 41% 16% 55% 45%LT 1004 85% 25% 41% 19% 54% 42%LU 502 93% 17% 40% 36% 44% 30%HU 1009 93% 20% 47% 25% 55% 27%MT 500 93% 12% 24% 57% 17% 32%NL 1062 92% 33% 41% 18% 66% 33%AT 1041 89% 23% 43% 24% 64% 24%PL 1000 90% 23% 38% 29% 52% 32%PT 1011 88% 17% 41% 30% 51% 25%SI 1055 95% 14% 41% 40% 46% 19%SK 1092 91% 20% 44% 28% 62% 17%FI 1004 97% 22% 44% 31% 56% 18%SE 1001 98% 27% 46% 25% 62% 21%UK 1322 81% 30% 34% 17% 48% 48%SexMale 11939 90% 23% 40% 27% 56% 27%Female 12811 83% 29% 36% 18% 55% 42%Age15-24 3778 87% 29% 36% 21% 57% 37%25-39 6533 88% 26% 39% 23% 58% 31%40-54 6346 89% 25% 39% 24% 56% 32%55 + 8093 83% 26% 37% 20% 52% 39%Education (End of)15 5939 76% 26% 34% 16% 51% 48%16-19 10022 88% 28% 40% 20% 58% 34%20+ 6130 94% 23% 40% 31% 55% 23%Still Studying 2295 91% 28% 38% 25% 59% 29%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 91% 26% 39% 26% 56% 28%Managers 2431 93% 21% 41% 31% 56% 22%Other white collars 2618 90% 27% 38% 26% 57% 30%Manual workers 5253 86% 27% 39% 20% 57% 37%House persons 2382 77% 29% 32% 15% 52% 49%Unemployed 1637 83% 26% 38% 19% 58% 36%Retired 6113 83% 26% 37% 21% 53% 38%Students 2295 91% 28% 38% 25% 59% 29%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 83% 27% 36% 19% 56% 38%No 14058 89% 26% 39% 24% 55% 32%Membership EUA good thing 12049 92% 24% 40% 28% 56% 27%A bad thing 3589 82% 28% 37% 17% 60% 39%Neither good nor bad 8020 84% 29% 37% 18% 56% 40%

QA23 For each of the following statements about the European Union could you please tell me whether you think it is true or false?

TOTAL Very interested Fairly interested Not very interested Not at all interested DK Interested Not interested

UE25 EU25 24750 19% 44% 23% 12% 1% 63% 36%BE 1020 12% 40% 29% 19% 0% 52% 48%CZ 1036 22% 53% 21% 4% 0% 75% 25%DK 1002 36% 48% 12% 3% 1% 84% 16%D-W 1021 27% 46% 21% 6% 0% 73% 27%DE 1526 28% 47% 20% 6% 0% 74% 26%D-E 505 30% 48% 16% 6% - 79% 21%EE 1005 14% 39% 33% 11% 2% 53% 44%EL 1000 61% 28% 6% 5% 0% 89% 11%ES 1009 8% 30% 38% 22% 3% 38% 60%FR 1022 14% 45% 21% 20% 0% 59% 41%IE 1000 26% 53% 13% 7% 2% 78% 20%IT 1003 12% 42% 29% 15% 2% 54% 45%CY 508 28% 40% 20% 11% 1% 68% 31%LV 1016 12% 46% 30% 10% 2% 58% 40%LT 1004 12% 50% 32% 6% 0% 62% 38%LU 502 20% 46% 20% 13% 1% 66% 33%HU 1009 21% 40% 29% 10% 1% 60% 39%MT 500 21% 55% 19% 5% 0% 76% 24%NL 1062 21% 55% 20% 5% 0% 76% 24%AT 1041 22% 49% 23% 5% 1% 71% 28%PL 1000 23% 58% 15% 3% 1% 82% 18%PT 1011 6% 27% 34% 32% 1% 33% 66%SI 1055 13% 58% 25% 4% 0% 71% 29%SK 1092 21% 53% 23% 3% 0% 73% 27%FI 1004 42% 52% 6% 0% 0% 94% 6%SE 1001 18% 51% 24% 6% 0% 69% 30%UK 1322 17% 42% 23% 16% 2% 59% 39%SexMale 11939 24% 46% 21% 9% 0% 70% 30%Female 12811 15% 43% 26% 15% 1% 57% 41%Age15-24 3778 12% 40% 31% 16% 1% 52% 47%25-39 6533 17% 46% 25% 11% 1% 63% 36%40-54 6346 21% 47% 22% 10% 1% 68% 32%55 + 8093 23% 43% 20% 13% 1% 66% 33%Education (End of)15 5939 14% 36% 28% 20% 2% 51% 48%16-19 10022 18% 46% 24% 11% 1% 64% 35%20+ 6130 28% 51% 16% 6% 0% 78% 22%Still Studying 2295 15% 43% 28% 13% 1% 57% 42%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 2021 27% 45% 20% 7% 0% 73% 27%Managers 2431 29% 53% 16% 3% 0% 81% 18%Other white collars 2618 16% 49% 26% 9% 0% 65% 34%Manual workers 5253 14% 43% 28% 15% 1% 57% 42%House persons 2382 11% 38% 26% 23% 2% 49% 48%Unemployed 1637 15% 42% 26% 15% 1% 58% 41%Retired 6113 24% 43% 20% 12% 1% 67% 32%Students 2295 15% 43% 28% 13% 1% 57% 42%Difficulty to pay billsYes 9050 16% 42% 25% 15% 1% 59% 40%No 14058 21% 46% 22% 10% 1% 68% 32%Membership EUA good thing 12049 23% 47% 22% 7% 1% 71% 29%A bad thing 3589 22% 40% 21% 16% 1% 62% 37%Neither good nor bad 8020 14% 43% 27% 16% 1% 57% 43%

Domestic affairs

QA24.1 Would you say that you are very interested, fairly interested, not very interested or not at all interested in…?

TOTAL Very interested Fairly interested Not very interested Not at all interested DK Interested Not interested


European affairs

QA24.2 Would you say that you are very interested, fairly interested, not very interested or not at all interested in…?


- 64 -

QUESTIONNAIRE

Q1

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,

QA1

12345

NeverDK

EB64.2 QA2

(READ OUT)

OftenFrom time to time Rarely

DK

EB64.4 Q1 TREND MODIFIED

IF OTHER or DK THEN CLOSE INTERVIEW

When you hold a strong opinion, do you ever find yourself persuading your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share your views? Does this happen...?

PolandSlovakiaSloveniaOther countries

HungaryLatviaLithuaniaMalta

FinlandRepublic of CyprusCzech RepublicEstonia

PortugalUnited Kingdom (Great Britain, Northern Ireland)AustriaSweden

IrelandItalyLuxembourgNetherlands

GermanyGreeceSpainFrance

What is your nationality? Please tell me the country(ies) that applies(y).

(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

BelgiumDenmark

QuestionnaireENEB651COMMfutureofeurope 2/23 02/05/2006

QA2

12345678

QA3

Totally

agree

Tend to

agree

Tend to

disagree

Totally

disagree

Not applicabl

e (SPONTANEOUS

)

DK

1 1 2 3 4 5 62 1 2 3 4 5 63 1 2 3 4 5 64 1 2 3 4 5 6

You are happy with your current occupationYou are happy living in (OUR COUNTRY)You have difficulties paying all your bills at the end of the month

NEW

Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements.

(SHOW CARD WITH SCALE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE)

(READ OUT)

You are happy with your family life

Never used the InternetDK

NEW

Over a month ago but in the last 3 monthsOver 3 months ago but in the last 6 monthsOver 6 months ago but in the last yearOver a year ago

When did you last use the Internet? Was it…?

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)

In the last seven daysOver a week ago but in the last month


QA4

QA5

12

3

NEW

4

Socialised with people from another EU country

1 2 3 4

Read a book, newspaper or magazine in a language other than your mother tongue

1 2 3

DK

Visited another EU country 1 2 3 4

(READ OUT) Yes, on several

occasions

Yes, once or twice

No

NEW

In the last 12 months have you…?

(ONE ANSWER PER LINE)

When you hear the words "European Union", what comes to your mind first? And what else?

(OPEN QUESTION – WRITE DOWN – DO NOT PROMPT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)


QA6

12

QA7

1234

EB64.2 QA8a

A good thingA bad thingNeither good nor badDK

4

NEW

Generally speaking, do you think that (OUR COUNTRY)'s membership of the European Union is...?

(READ OUT)

European political matters 1 2 3

DK

National political matters 1 2 3 4

(READ OUT) Frequently Occasionally

Never

When you get together with friends or relatives, would you say you discuss frequently, occasionally or never about...?



QA8

123456789

1011

12

13

QA9

12345

NEW

4 5Technocratic 1 2 3 4 5Inefficient 1 2 3

4 5Protective 1 2 3 4 5Democratic 1 2 3

Describes very badly

DK

Modern 1 2 3 4 5

(READ OUT) Describes very well

Describes fairly well

Describes fairly badly

NEW

Please tell for each of the following words if it describes very well, fairly well, fairly badly or very badly the idea you might have of the European Union.


4

Ensuring continuous energy provision 1 2 3 4


1 2 3

4The promotion of democracy and peace in the world

1 2 3 4The protection of agriculture 1 2 3

4Equal treatment of men and women 1 2 3 4The prevention of major health issues 1 2 3

4The protection of the environment 1 2 3 4Ensuring food safety 1 2 3

4The fight against terrorism 1 2 3 4The fight against organised crime 1 2 3

4Ensuring economic growth 1 2 3 4The protection of social rights 1 2 3

DK

The fight against unemployment 1 2 3 4

(READ OUT) More decision

making at a

European level

Less decision

making at a

European level

No change is needed (SPONTANEOUS)

For each of the following areas, please tell me if you believe that more decision-making should take place at a European level or on the contrary that less decision-making should take place at a European level?



QA10

1

2

3

QA11

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,DK

NEW

A common armyA common ConstitutionNone (SPONTANEOUS)Other (SPONTANEOUS – SPECIFY)

A common languageWell defined external borders of the EUThe introduction of the Euro in all EU countriesComparable living standards

NEW

Which two of the following would you consider to be most helpful if anything, for the future of Europe?

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3

Nothing has been achieved

so far

DK


1 2 3 4 5

(READ OUT) A lot has been

achieved so far

A fair amount

has been achieved

so far

Very little has been achieved

so far

For each of the following areas, please tell me if you think thatfor…



QA12a

QA12b

DK 8 8

NEW

None (SPONTANEOUS) 6 6Other (SPONTANEOUS) 7 7

Student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS 4 4The Common agricultural policy 5 5

The free movement of people, goods and services within the EU

2 2

The Euro 3 3

FIRSTLY SECONDLYPeace among the Member States of the EU 1 1

And the second most positive result?

(SHOW CARD – ONE ANSWER PER COLUMN)

(READ OUT) QA12a QA12b

Which of the following do you think is the most positive result of European unification?


QA13

1 Not at all satisfacto

ry

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Very satisfacto

ry

DK

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 118 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

The promotion of democracy and peace in the worldCooperation in the field of research and innovationEnsuring continuous energy provision

NEW

The prevention of major health issuesEqual treatment of men and womenThe protection of agricultureHelping poor people in the world

The fight against organised crimeThe fight against terrorismEnsuring food safetyThe protection of the environment

The fight against unemploymentThe protection of social rightsThe protection of human rightsEnsuring economic growth

Using a scale from 1 to 10, how would you judge the performance of the European Union in each of the following areas? '1' means that the European Union’s performance in a specific area is "not at all satisfactory" and '10' means that its performance is "very satisfactory".


(READ OUT)


QA14

12

QA15

12345DK

NEW

Strongly in favourSomewhat in favourSomewhat opposedStrongly opposed

NEW

Today, each European Union Member State is responsible for its own social welfare system. To what extent would you be in favour or opposed to the harmonisation of social welfare systems within the European Union?


4The European Union 1 2 3 4(OUR COUNTRY) 1 2 3

At the present time, would you say that, in general, things are going in the right direction or in the wrong direction, in…?


(READ OUT) Things are going in the right direction

Things are going in

the wrong direction

Neither the one nor the other (SPONTANEOUS)

DK


QA16a

1

2

3

QA16b

1

2

3 4 5

NEW

The (NATIONALITY) economy would be more competitive

1 2 3

4 5

Inflation would be much higher

1 2 3 4 5

The (NATIONAL CURRENCY) would be vulnerable on foreign exchange markets

1 2 3

Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following. If the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) is not replaced by the Euro…


(READ OUT) Totally agree

Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

DK

4 5

NEW

ASK QA16b ONLY IN NON-EURO ZONE COUNTRIES – OTHERS GO TO QA17

The (NATIONALITY) economy would have been more competitive

1 2 3

4 5

Inflation would have been much higher

1 2 3 4 5

The (FORMER NATIONAL CURRENCY) would have been vulnerable on foreign exchange markets

1 2 3

Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with the following. If the Euro had not been introduced in (OUR COUNTRY)…



Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

DK

ASK QA16a ONLY IN EURO ZONE COUNTRIES – OTHERS GO TO QA16b


QA17

1

23

QA18

1

2

3

4

NEW

4 5

Overall, the enlargement of the EU is something positive

1 2 3 4 5

Further EU enlargement improves the influence of the EU in the world

1 2 3

4 5

Due to the enlargement of the EU, many products have become cheaper

1 2 3 4 5

Further EU enlargement would increase problems on the (NATIONALITY) job market

1 2 3

Could you please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.



Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

DK

Globalisation represents a threat to employment and companies in (OUR COUNTRY)DK

NEW

Which of the following two propositions is the one which is closest to your opinion with regard to globalisation?


Globalisation represents a good opportunity for (NATIONALITY) companies thanks to the opening-up of markets

ASK ALL


QA19

123456789

QA20

1,2,

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

10,

I do not want to be a European citizen (SPONTANEOUS)Other (SPONTANEOUS)DK

NEW

The replacement of national income tax by a European income taxA European ConstitutionA European Olympic teamNone of the above (SPONTANEOUS)

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

Being able to vote in all elections organised in the Member State where you liveA European social welfare systemA President of the European Union directly elected by Member State citizens

DK

NEW

Which two of the following would strengthen your feeling about being a European citizen?

AnnoyanceFear IndifferenceOther (SPONTANEOUS - SPECIFY)

ExcitementSatisfactionHopeFrustration

When you hear discussions about further enlargement of the European Union, which of the following first comes to mind?



QA21

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,

8,9,

10,11,

QA22

1 Will definitely not

partake

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Is very likely

to parta

ke

DK

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Signing a European wide petition to tackle some issues at a European level rather than nationally

NEW

Using a scale from 1 to 10, how likely would you be to participate in the following? '1' means that you would definitely not partake and '10' means that you would be very likely to partake.


(READ OUT)

Voting in referenda organised on the same day in all European Member States on European issues

Other (SPONTANEOUS)DK

NEW

Joining a trade unionBeing a member of a Consumer’s associationBeing a member or supporter of an NGO (non-governmental oganisation)

Participate in debates using the Internet

Joining a political partyJoining a demonstrationSigning a petitionGoing on strike

Which two of the following do you think are the best ways of ensuring one’s voice is heard by decision-makers?

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

Voting in elections


QA23

1

2

3

QA24

12 4 5

NEW

European affairs 1 2 3

Not at all interested

DK

Domestic affairs 1 2 3 4 5

(READ OUT) Very interested

Fairly interested

Not very interested

EB64.2 QA28 TREND MODIFIED

Would you say that you are very interested, fairly interested, not very interested or not at all interested in…?


(OUR COUNTRY) has a European Commissioner (N)

1 2 3

The members of the European Parliament are directly elected by the citizens of the European Union

1 2 3

The European Union currently consists of fifteen Member States

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For each of the following statements about the European Union could you please tell me whether you think it is true or false?

(READ OUT) True. False. DK


the future of europe - european commissionec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/... · 3.1.1...

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