the global gender gap report 2010

The

Global Gender Gap Report

Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University

Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley

Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum 2010

cover_r2:Cover_R1 10/6/10 10:55 PM Page 3

World Economic ForumGeneva, Switzerland 2010

The Global Gender Gap Report 2010

Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard UniversityLaura D. Tyson, University of California, BerkeleySaadia Zahidi,World Economic Forum

The Global Gender Gap Report 2010 is published by the World Economic Forum. TheGlobal Gender Gap Index 2010 is the result ofcollaboration with faculty at Harvard Universityand the University of California, Berkeley.

AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM

Professor Klaus SchwabFounder and Executive Chairman

Saadia ZahidiDirector, Constituent Communities

Yasmina BekhoucheProject Associate, Women Leaders and GenderParity Programme

Marc CuénodTeam Coordinator, Constituent Communities

Eimear FarrellCommunity Manager, Constituent Communities

AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Professor Ricardo HausmannDirector, Center for International Development

AT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Professor Laura D. TysonS.K. and Angela Chan Professor of GlobalManagement

Thank you to Hope Steele for her superb copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for hisexcellent interior graphic design and layout.

We are very grateful to Kamal Kamaoui and theWorld Economic Forum’s Publications team fortheir invaluable collaboration on the productionof this Report.

In addition we extend a special thank you toMiguel Perez at the World Economic Forum forhis vital contribution to programming related toindex calculations and country profiles.

The terms country and nation as used in thisreport do not in all cases refer to a territorialentity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term coverswell-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on aseparate and independent basis.

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ISBN-92-95044-89-4ISBN-978-92-95044-89-0

Preface.........................................................................................................vby Klaus Schwab and Saadia Zahidi

PART 1: MEASURING THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP 1

The Global Gender Gap Index 2010......................................3by Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard UniversityLaura D. Tyson, University of California, BerkeleySaadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum

Appendix A: Tracking the Gender Gap over Time...........................35

Appendix B: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2010......................................................................39

Appendix C: The Spread of Minimum and Maximum Values by Indicator........................................................................41

PART 2: COUNTRY PROFILES 43

List of Countries .....................................................................45

User’s Guide: How Country Profiles Work........................47by Yasmina Bekhouche and Marc Cuénod, World Economic Forum

Country Profiles......................................................................52

About the Authors .................................................................................321

Acknowledgements..............................................................................323

Contents

We are at a unique turning point in history. Never beforehas there been such momentum around the issue of genderparity on the global stage. Numerous multinational com-panies have aligned core elements of their businesses andproducts to support and provide opportunities for womenin the communities in which they are active. The UnitedNations has created a new entity for gender equality andthe empowerment of women. There is a strong movementaround greater investment in girls’ education in the devel-oping world. Businesses around the world are starting totake into account the increasing power of women con-sumers. As women begin to make up more than half of all university graduates in much of the developed world,there is an increased consciousness that this talent must be given the opportunity to lead. Several countries haveintroduced legislation that mandates minimum requirementsfor women’s participation, in both business and politics.

The World Economic Forum has been among theinstitutions at the forefront of driving this change in mind-set, primarily by emphasizing the message that gender gapshave an impact on competitiveness and by engaging thebusiness community. Measuring the size of the problem isa prerequisite for identifying the best solutions. Throughthe Global Gender Gap Reports, for the past five years, theWorld Economic Forum has been quantifying the magni-tude of gender-based disparities and tracking their progressover time. By providing a comprehensive framework forbenchmarking global gender gaps, the Report reveals thosecountries that are role models in dividing resources equi-tably between women and men, regardless of their level of resources. In 2008, we launched our Global GenderParity Group and Regional Gender Parity Groups in LatinAmerica, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. To date, thesemulti-stakeholder communities of highly influential leaders—50% women and 50% men—from business, politics, acade-mia, media and civil society have jointly identified thebiggest gaps in each region, based in part on the findingsof this Report, and have collectively committed to strate-gies to improve the use of female talent. The GlobalAgenda Council on the Gender Gap, an expert council,has used the insights of this Report to propose the creationof an online repository of information on best practices to close gaps in economic participation, education, healthand political empowerment. There is also the impact wecannot measure—the countless universities, schools,researchers, media entities, businesses, governments and

individuals that use this Report as a resource for theirwork.

We would like to express our deep appreciation toRicardo Hausmann, Director, Center for InternationalDevelopment, Harvard University and Laura D. Tyson, S.K.and Angela Chan Professor of Global ManagementUniversity of California, Berkeley, USA for their invaluablecontribution to this Report. We would also like to thankYasmina Bekhouche for her research assistance and MarcCuénod and Eimear Farrell for their support on this project at the World Economic Forum.

The Global Gender Gap Index was created with the specific purpose of being comparable across time. The2010 Report aggregates five years of data and seeks toreveal country progress in a transparent manner. By doingthis, we hope this Report will serve as a call to action tothe international community to pool its knowledge andresources and to leverage the current unique window ofopportunity so that faster progress can be achieved. Everymoment that we wait entails colossal losses to the globalsociety and economy.

Global Gender Gap Report 2010 Preface v

PrefaceKLAUS SCHWAB, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum

SAADIA ZAHIDI, Director, Constituent Communities, World Economic Forum

Part 1Measuring the GlobalGender Gap

The Global Gender Gap Index,1 introduced by the WorldEconomic Forum in 2006, is a framework for capturingthe magnitude and scope of gender-based disparities andtracking their progress. The Index benchmarks nationalgender gaps on economic, political, education- and health-based criteria, and provides country rankings that allow foreffective comparisons across regions and income groups,and over time. The rankings are designed to create greaterawareness among a global audience of the challengesposed by gender gaps and the opportunities created byreducing them. The methodology and quantitative analysisbehind the rankings are intended to serve as a basis fordesigning effective measures for reducing gender gaps.

The first part of this chapter reviews the underlyingconcepts employed in creating the Global Gender GapIndex and outlines the methods used to calculate theIndex. The second part of this chapter presents the 2010rankings, global patterns and regional performance andcalls attention to notable country cases. Next, we providean overview of the links between gender gaps and theeconomic performance of countries. In the fourth part of this chapter, we have also provided information on thetrends revealed by the Index in the five years that we havebeen producing it.

The Country Profiles contained in Part 2 of thisReport give a more detailed picture of the relative strengthsand weaknesses of each country’s performance comparedwith that of other nations. The first page of each profilecontains detailed information on over 30 gender-relatedvariables, presenting both the original data used to createthe Index and other variables that reflect some of the legaland social factors affecting gender disparity in each coun-try. The second page of the profile, introduced for the firsttime this year, reveals the trends displayed over the last fiveyears in the indicators used to produce the Global GenderGap Index.

Measuring the Global Gender Gap

Three underlying conceptsThere are three basic concepts underlying the GlobalGender Gap Index. First, it focuses on measuring gaps

rather than levels. Second, it captures gaps in outcomevariables rather than gaps in means or input variables.Third, it ranks countries according to gender equalityrather than women’s empowerment. These three conceptsare briefly outlined below. For a description of how theseconcepts are captured by the construction techniques usedin the creation of the Index, please see the section belowon the Construction of the Index.

Gaps vs. levelsThe Index is designed to measure gender-based gaps inaccess to resources and opportunities in individual coun-tries rather than the actual levels of the available resourcesand opportunities in those countries. We do this in orderto make the Global Gender Gap Index independent fromcountries’ levels of development. In other words, the Indexis constructed to rank countries on their gender gaps, noton their development level. For example, rich countrieshave more education and health opportunities for allmembers of society and measures of education levels thus mainly reflect this well-known fact, although it is quite independent of the gender-related issues facedby each country at its own level of income. The GlobalGender Gap Index, however, rewards countries for smallergaps in access to these resources, regardless of the overalllevel of resources. Thus the Index penalizes or rewardscountries based on the size of the gap between male andfemale enrolment rates, but not for the overall levels ofeducation in the country.

Outcomes vs. meansThe second basic concept underlying the Global GenderGap Index is that it evaluates countries based on outcomevariables rather than input measures. Our aim is to providea snapshot of where men and women stand with regard tosome fundamental outcome variables related to basic rightssuch as health, education, economic participation andpolitical empowerment. Variables related to country-specificpolicies, culture or customs—factors that we consider tobe “input” or “means” variables—are not included in theIndex, but they are displayed in the Country Profiles. Forexample, the Index includes a variable comparing the gap

Global Gender Gap Report 2010 Measuring the Global Gender Gap 3

The Global Gender Gap Index 2010RICARDO HAUSMANN, Harvard University

LAURA D. TYSON, University of California, Berkeley

SAADIA ZAHIDI, World Economic Forum

The Global Gender Gap Index, co-authored by Fiona Greig, Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D.Tyson and Saadia Zahidi, was first introduced in the WorldEconomic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2006. The authors are deeply grateful to Yasmina Bekhouche and Eimear Farrell for their excellent researchassistance for this chapter.

between men and women in high-skilled jobs such as leg-islators, senior officials and managers (an outcome variable)but does not include data on length of maternity leave (a policy variable).

Gender equality vs. women’s empowermentThe third distinguishing feature of the Global Gender Gap Index is that it ranks countries according to theirproximity to gender equality rather than to women’sempowerment. Our aim is to focus on whether the gapbetween women and men in the chosen variables hasdeclined, rather than whether women are “winning” the“battle of the sexes”. Hence, the Index rewards countriesthat reach the point where outcomes for women equalthose for men, but it neither rewards nor penalizes cases in which women are outperforming men in particularvariables.

The four pillarsThe Global Gender Gap Index examines the gap betweenmen and women in four fundamental categories: economicparticipation and opportunity, educational attainment, health andsurvival and political empowerment. Table 1 displays all fourof these subindexes and the 14 different variables thatcompose them, along with the sources of data used foreach.

Economic participation and opportunityThis area is captured through three concepts: the partici-pation gap, the remuneration gap and the advancementgap. The participation gap is captured through the differ-ence in labour force participation rates. The remunerationgap is captured through a hard data indicator (ratio of estimated female-to-male earned income) and a qualitativevariable calculated through the World Economic Forum’sExecutive Opinion Survey (wage equality for similar work).Finally, the gap between the advancement of women andmen is captured through two hard data statistics (the ratioof women to men among legislators, senior officials andmanagers, and the ratio of women to men among techni-cal and professional workers).

Educational attainmentIn this category, the gap between women’s and men’s current access to education is captured through ratios ofwomen to men in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-leveleducation. A longer-term view of the country’s ability toeducate women and men in equal numbers is capturedthrough the ratio of the female literacy rate to the maleliteracy rate.

Health and survivalThis category attempts to provide an overview of the differences between women’s and men’s health. To do this, we use two variables. The first variable included inthis subindex is the sex ratio at birth. This variable aims

specifically to capture the phenomenon of “missingwomen” prevalent in many countries with strong son preference. Second, we use the gap between women’s and men’s healthy life expectancy, calculated by the WorldHealth Organization. This measure provides an estimate of the number of years that women and men can expectto live in good health by taking into account the years lost to violence, disease, malnutrition or other relevant factors.

Political empowermentThis category includes mainly measures of the gap betweenmen and women in political decision-making at the high-est levels. This concept is captured through the ratio ofwomen to men in minister-level positions and the ratio of women to men in parliamentary positions. In addition,we include the ratio of women to men in terms of yearsin executive office (prime minister or president) in the last50 years. A clear drawback in this category is the absenceof any variables capturing differences between the partici-pation of women and men at local levels of government.Should such data become available at a global level infuture years, they will be considered for inclusion in theGlobal Gender Gap Index.

Construction of the IndexThe Global Gender Gap Index is constructed using afour-step process, outlined below.

Convert to ratiosFirst, all data are converted to female/male ratios. Forexample, a country with 20% of women in ministerialpositions is assigned a ratio of 20 women /80 men = 0.25 on this variable. This is to ensure that the Index iscapturing gaps between women’s and men’s attainment levels, rather than the levels themselves.

Truncate data at equality benchmarkAs a second step, these ratios are truncated at the “equality benchmark”. On all variables, except the twohealth variables, this equality benchmark is considered tobe 1, meaning equal numbers of women and men. In thecase of the sex ratio at birth, the equality benchmark is set to be 0.944,2 and the healthy life expectancy bench-mark is set to be 1.06.3 Truncating the data at the equalitybenchmarks for each variable translates to assigning thesame score to a country that has reached parity betweenwomen and men and one where women have surpassedmen.

The type of scale chosen determines whether theindex is rewarding women’s empowerment or genderequality.4 To capture gender equality, two possible scaleswere considered. One was a negative-positive scale capturingthe size and direction of the gender gap. This scale essen-tially penalizes either men’s advantage over women orwomen’s advantage over men, and gives the highest points

4 Measuring the Global Gender Gap Global Gender Gap Report 2010


to absolute equality. The second was a one-sided scale that measures how close women are to reaching paritywith men but does not reward or penalize countries forhaving a gender gap in the other direction. Thus it doesnot reward countries for having exceeded the paritybenchmark. We find the one-sided scale more appropriatefor our purposes.

Calculate subindex scoresThe third step in the process involves calculating theweighted average of the variables within each subindex to create the subindex scores. Averaging the different variables would implicitly give more weight to the measure that exhibits the largest variability or standarddeviation. We therefore first normalize the variables by

Table 1: Structure of the Global Gender Gap Index

Subindex Variable Source

Economic Participation Ratio: Female labour force participation over male value International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of and Opportunity the Labour Market, 2009

Wage equality between women and men for similar World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2010work (converted to female-over-male ratio)

Ratio: Estimated female earned income over male value United Nations Development Programme, HumanDevelopment Report 2009, 2007 or latest data available

Ratio: Female legislators, senior officials and International Labour Organization, LABORSTA Internet,managers over male value online database, 2008 or latest data available;

United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2009, the most recent year available between 1999 and 2007

Ratio: Female professional and technical International Labour Organization, LABORSTA Internet,workers over male value online database, 2008 or latest data available;

United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2009, the most recent year available between 1999 and 2007

Educational Attainment Ratio: Female literacy rate over male value UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Indicators,2008 or latest data available; World Bank’s World dataBank: World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance, online database, 2008 or latest available data; United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2009, the most recent year available between 1999 and 2007

Ratio: Female net primary level enrolment over UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Indicatorsmale value 2009 or latest data available; World Bank’s World

dataBank: World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance, online database, 2009 or latest available data

Ratio: Female net secondary level enrolment over UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Indicatorsmale value 2009 or latest data available; World Bank’s World


Ratio: Female gross tertiary level enrolment over UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Indicators,male value 2009 or latest data available; World Bank’s World


Health and Survival Sex ratio at birth (converted to female-over-male ratio) Central Intelligence Agency, The CIA WorldFactbook, data updated bi-weekly, 2010

Ratio: Female healthy life expectancy over male value World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory, data from 2007

Political Empowerment Ratio: Women with seats in parliament over male value Inter-Parliamentary Union – National Women inParliaments, 31 July 2010; United Nations DevelopmentProgramme, Human Development Report 2009, as of 28 February 2009

Ratio: Women at ministerial level over male value Inter-Parliamentary Union, Women in Politics: 2010,up to January 2010

Ratio: Number of years with a female head of state or World Economic Forum calculations, as of 31 June 2010government (last 50 years) over male value

equalizing their standard deviations. For example, withinthe educational attainment subindex, standard deviationsfor each of the four variables are calculated. Then wedetermine what a 1% point change would translate to interms of standard deviations by dividing 0.01 by the stan-dard deviation for each variable. These four values are thenused as weights to calculate the weighted average of thefour variables. This way of weighting variables essentiallyallows us to make sure that each variable has the same rel-ative impact on the subindex. For example, a variable witha small variability or standard deviation, such as primaryenrolment rate, gets a larger weight within the educationalattainment subindex than a variable with a larger variability,such as tertiary enrolment rate. Therefore, a country with alarge gender gap on primary education (a variable wheremost countries have achieved near-parity between womenand men) will be more heavily penalized. Similarly, withinthe health and survival subindex, in the case of the sexratio variable, where most countries have a very high sexratio and the spread of the data is small, the larger weightwill penalize more heavily those countries that deviatefrom this value. Table 2 displays the values of the weightsused in the Global Gender Gap Index 2006.5

Calculate final scoresIn the case of all subindexes, the highest possible score is 1 (equality) and the lowest possible score is 0 (inequality),thus binding the scores between inequality and equality

benchmarks.6 An un-weighted average of each subindexscore is taken to create the overall Global Gender GapIndex score. As in the case of the subindexes, this finalvalue is bound between 1 (equality) and 0 (inequality),thus allowing for comparisons relative to ideal standards of equality in addition to relative country rankings.7 Theequality and inequality benchmarks remain fixed acrosstime, allowing the reader to track individual countryprogress in relation to an ideal standard of equality.Furthermore, we hope that the option of roughly inter-preting the final Index scores as a percentage value thatreveals how much of the gender gap a country has closedmakes the Index more intuitively appealing to readers.8

The Global Gender Gap Index 2010 rankingsWe aim to include a maximum number of countries inthe Report every year, within the constraints posed by dataavailability. To be included in the Report, a country musthave data available for a minimum of 12 indicators out ofthe 14 that enter the Index.

Country coverage 2010In 2010, close to 200 countries were considered for inclu-sion. Out of the 134 ultimately covered in this Report,there were 17 countries that had one data point missing:Angola (Professional and technical workers); Belize (Wageequality for similar work [survey]); Benin (Professional and


Table 2: Calculation of weights within each subindex

Standard Standard deviationEconomic Participation and Opportunity Subindex deviation per 1% point change Weight

Ratio: Female labour force participation over male value 0.160 0.063 0.199

Wage equality between women and men for similar work (converted to female-over-male ratio) 0.103 0.097 0.310

Ratio: Estimated female earned income over male value 0.144 0.069 0.221

Ratio: Female legislators, senior officials and managers over male value 0.214 0.047 0.149

Ratio: Female professional and technical workers over male value 0.262 0.038 0.121

TOTAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

Standard Standard deviationEducational Attainment Subindex deviation per 1% point change Weight

Ratio: Female literacy rate over male value 0.145 0.069 0.191

Ratio: Female net primary level enrolment over male value 0.060 0.166 0.459

Ratio: Female net secondary level enrolment over male value 0.120 0.083 0.230

Ratio: Female gross tertiary enrolment over male value 0.228 0.044 0.121

TOTAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

Standard Standard deviationHealth and Survival Subindex deviation per 1% point change Weight

Ratio: Female healthy life expectancy over male value 0.023 0.441 0.307

Sex ratio at birth (converted to female over male ratio) 0.010 0.998 0.693

TOTAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

Standard Standard deviationPolitical Empowerment Subindex deviation per 1% point change Weight

Ratio: Women with seats in parliament over male value 0.166 0.060 0.310

Ratio: Women at ministerial level over male value 0.208 0.048 0.247

Ratio: Number of years of a female head of state (last 50 years) over male value 0.116 0.086 0.443

TOTAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

technical workers); Brunei (Women in parliament); Chad(Professional and technical workers); Cuba (Wage equalityfor similar work [survey]); Ghana (Professional and techni-cal workers); Guyana (Enrolment in secondary education);Honduras (Enrolment in secondary education); India(Professional and technical workers); Singapore (Enrolmentin tertiary education); Sri Lanka (Enrolment in tertiaryeducation); Suriname (Wage equality for similar work[survey]); Syria (Enrolment in tertiary education); Tunisia(Professional and technical workers); Yemen (Wage equalityfor similar work [survey]); and Zimbabwe (Estimatedearned income [PPP US$]).

Another 8 countries had two variables missing: Albania(Legislators, senior officials and managers; Professional andtechnical workers); Bahamas (Wage equality for similar work[survey]); Enrolment in tertiary education); Côte d’Ivoire(Legislators, senior officials, and managers; Professional andtechnical workers); Fiji (Wage equality for similar work(survey); Women in parliament); Gambia (Legislators, senior officials, and managers; Professional and technicalworkers); Guatemala (Legislators, senior officials, and man-agers; Professional and technical workers); Senegal(Legislators, senior officials, and managers; Professional and technical workers); and Tajikistan (Legislators, seniorofficials, and managers; Professional and technical workers).

Because of the lack of recent data, we have notincluded Uzbekistan or Belarus this year, countries thathad been part of the rankings since the first and secondeditions of the Report, respectively. We have, however, been

able to include two new countries—Côte d’Ivoire andLebanon—thus maintaining a total of 134 countries coveredin the 2010 edition of the Report. Of these, 114 have beenincluded in the Report since the first edition and another 12since the second edition. For these 126 countries, detailedtwo-page Country Profiles reveal the trends presented bythe indicators of the Index over the last four to five years.

Global patternsThe detailed rankings from this year’s Index are shown inTables 3 through 5.

Table 3a displays the 2010 rankings and providescomparisons with rankings in 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006.Table 3b displays the complete 2010 rankings, includingfour subindex scores and ranks. Table 3c provides the year-to-year score changes over the last five years. Out of the114 countries that have been covered in 2006, 2007, 2008,2009 and 2010, 98 countries (86%) have improved theirperformance over the last four years, while 16 (14%) haveshown widening gaps.

Figure 1 shows a global snapshot of the gender gapon the four subindexes. It shows that the 134 countriescovered in the Report, representing over 90% of the world’spopulation, have closed almost 96% of the gap on healthoutcomes between women and men and almost 93% ofthe gap on educational attainment. However, the gapbetween women and men on economic participation andpolitical empowerment remains wide: only 59% of the


0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Economy

Education

Politics

Health

Figure 1: Global patterns 2010

Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2010; scores are weighted by population.

Sample average (0.00 = inequality, 1.00 = equality)


Table 3a: The Global Gender Gap Index 2010 rankings: Comparisons with 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006

2010 rank2010 2010 among 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006

Country rank score 2009 countries rank score rank score rank score rank score

Iceland 1 0.8496 1 1 0.8276 4 0.7999 4 0.7836 4 0.7813Norway 2 0.8404 2 3 0.8227 1 0.8239 2 0.8059 2 0.7994Finland 3 0.8260 3 2 0.8252 2 0.8195 3 0.8044 3 0.7958Sweden 4 0.8024 4 4 0.8139 3 0.8139 1 0.8146 1 0.8133New Zealand 5 0.7808 5 5 0.7880 5 0.7859 5 0.7649 7 0.7509Ireland 6 0.7773 6 8 0.7597 8 0.7518 9 0.7457 10 0.7335Denmark 7 0.7719 7 7 0.7628 7 0.7538 8 0.7519 8 0.7462Lesotho 8 0.7678 8 10 0.7495 16 0.7320 26 0.7078 43 0.6807Philippines 9 0.7654 9 9 0.7579 6 0.7568 6 0.7629 6 0.7516Switzerland 10 0.7562 10 13 0.7426 14 0.7360 40 0.6924 26 0.6997Spain 11 0.7554 11 17 0.7345 17 0.7281 10 0.7444 11 0.7319South Africa 12 0.7535 12 6 0.7709 22 0.7232 20 0.7194 18 0.7125Germany 13 0.7530 13 12 0.7449 11 0.7394 7 0.7618 5 0.7524Belgium 14 0.7509 14 33 0.7165 28 0.7163 19 0.7198 20 0.7078United Kingdom 15 0.7460 15 15 0.7402 13 0.7366 11 0.7441 9 0.7365Sri Lanka 16 0.7458 16 16 0.7402 12 0.7371 15 0.7230 13 0.7199Netherlands 17 0.7444 17 11 0.7490 9 0.7399 12 0.7383 12 0.7250Latvia 18 0.7429 18 14 0.7416 10 0.7397 13 0.7333 19 0.7091United States 19 0.7411 19 31 0.7173 27 0.7179 31 0.7002 23 0.7042Canada 20 0.7372 20 25 0.7196 31 0.7136 18 0.7198 14 0.7165Trinidad and Tobago 21 0.7353 21 19 0.7298 19 0.7245 46 0.6859 45 0.6797Mozambique 22 0.7329 22 26 0.7195 18 0.7266 43 0.6883 n/a n/aAustralia 23 0.7271 23 20 0.7282 21 0.7241 17 0.7204 15 0.7163Cuba 24 0.7253 24 29 0.7176 25 0.7195 22 0.7169 n/a n/aNamibia 25 0.7238 25 32 0.7167 30 0.7141 29 0.7012 38 0.6864Luxembourg 26 0.7231 26 63 0.6889 66 0.6802 58 0.6786 56 0.6671Mongolia 27 0.7194 27 22 0.7221 40 0.7049 62 0.6731 42 0.6821Costa Rica 28 0.7194 28 27 0.7180 32 0.7111 28 0.7014 30 0.6936Argentina 29 0.7187 29 24 0.7211 24 0.7209 33 0.6982 41 0.6829Nicaragua 30 0.7176 30 49 0.7002 71 0.6747 90 0.6458 62 0.6566Barbados 31 0.7176 31 21 0.7236 26 0.7188 n/a n/a n/a n/aPortugal 32 0.7171 32 46 0.7013 39 0.7051 37 0.6959 33 0.6922Uganda 33 0.7169 33 40 0.7067 43 0.6981 50 0.6833 47 0.6797Moldova 34 0.7160 34 36 0.7104 20 0.7244 21 0.7172 17 0.7128Lithuania 35 0.7132 35 30 0.7175 23 0.7222 14 0.7234 21 0.7077Bahamas 36 0.7128 36 28 0.7179 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aAustria 37 0.7091 37 42 0.7031 29 0.7153 27 0.7060 27 0.6986Guyana 38 0.7090 38 35 0.7108 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aPanama 39 0.7072 39 43 0.7024 34 0.7095 38 0.6954 31 0.6935Ecuador 40 0.7072 40 23 0.7220 35 0.7091 44 0.6881 82 0.6433Kazakhstan 41 0.7055 41 47 0.7013 45 0.6976 32 0.6983 32 0.6928Slovenia 42 0.7047 42 52 0.6982 51 0.6937 49 0.6842 51 0.6745Poland 43 0.7037 43 50 0.6998 49 0.6951 60 0.6756 44 0.6802Jamaica 44 0.7037 44 48 0.7013 44 0.6980 39 0.6925 25 0.7014Russian Federation 45 0.7036 45 51 0.6987 42 0.6994 45 0.6866 49 0.6770France 46 0.7025 46 18 0.7331 15 0.7341 51 0.6824 70 0.6520Estonia 47 0.7018 47 37 0.7094 37 0.7076 30 0.7008 29 0.6944Chile 48 0.7013 48 64 0.6884 65 0.6818 86 0.6482 78 0.6455Macedonia, FYR 49 0.6996 49 53 0.6950 53 0.6914 35 0.6967 28 0.6983Bulgaria 50 0.6983 50 38 0.7072 36 0.7077 25 0.7085 37 0.6870Kyrgyz Republic 51 0.6973 51 41 0.7058 41 0.7045 70 0.6653 52 0.6742Israel 52 0.6957 52 45 0.7019 56 0.6900 36 0.6965 35 0.6889Croatia 53 0.6939 53 54 0.6944 46 0.6967 16 0.7210 16 0.7145Honduras 54 0.6927 54 62 0.6893 47 0.6960 68 0.6661 74 0.6483Colombia 55 0.6927 55 56 0.6939 50 0.6944 24 0.7090 22 0.7049Singapore 56 0.6914 56 84 0.6664 84 0.6625 77 0.6609 65 0.6550Thailand 57 0.6910 57 59 0.6907 52 0.6917 52 0.6815 40 0.6831Greece 58 0.6908 58 85 0.6662 75 0.6727 72 0.6648 69 0.6540Uruguay 59 0.6897 59 57 0.6936 54 0.6907 78 0.6608 66 0.6549Peru 60 0.6895 60 44 0.7024 48 0.6959 75 0.6624 60 0.6619China 61 0.6881 61 60 0.6907 57 0.6878 73 0.6643 63 0.6561Botswana 62 0.6876 62 39 0.7071 63 0.6839 53 0.6797 34 0.6897Ukraine 63 0.6869 63 61 0.6896 62 0.6856 57 0.6790 48 0.6797Venezuela 64 0.6863 64 69 0.6839 59 0.6875 55 0.6797 57 0.6664Czech Republic 65 0.6850 65 74 0.6789 69 0.6770 64 0.6718 53 0.6712Tanzania 66 0.6829 66 73 0.6797 38 0.7068 34 0.6969 24 0.7038Romania 67 0.6826 67 70 0.6805 70 0.6763 47 0.6859 46 0.6797


Table 3a: The Global Gender Gap Index 2010 rankings: Comparisons with 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (cont’d.)

2010 rank2010 2010 among 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006

Country rank score 2009 countries rank score rank score rank score rank score

Malawi 68 0.6824 68 76 0.6738 81 0.6664 87 0.6480 81 0.6437Paraguay 69 0.6804 69 66 0.6868 100 0.6379 69 0.6659 64 0.6556Ghana 70 0.6782 70 80 0.6704 77 0.6679 63 0.6725 58 0.6653Slovak Republic 71 0.6778 71 68 0.6845 64 0.6824 54 0.6797 50 0.6757Vietnam 72 0.6776 72 71 0.6802 68 0.6778 42 0.6889 n/a n/aDominican Republic 73 0.6774 73 67 0.6859 72 0.6744 65 0.6705 59 0.6639Italy 74 0.6765 74 72 0.6798 67 0.6788 84 0.6498 77 0.6456Gambia, The 75 0.6762 75 75 0.6752 85 0.6622 95 0.6421 79 0.6448Bolivia 76 0.6751 76 82 0.6693 80 0.6667 80 0.6574 87 0.6335Brunei Darussalam 77 0.6748 77 94 0.6524 99 0.6392 n/a n/a n/a n/aAlbania 78 0.6726 78 91 0.6601 87 0.6591 66 0.6685 61 0.6607Hungary 79 0.6720 79 65 0.6879 60 0.6867 61 0.6731 55 0.6698Madagascar 80 0.6713 80 77 0.6732 74 0.6736 89 0.6461 84 0.6385Angola 81 0.6712 81 106 0.6353 114 0.6032 110 0.6034 96 0.6039Bangladesh 82 0.6702 82 93 0.6526 90 0.6531 100 0.6314 91 0.6270Malta 83 0.6695 83 88 0.6635 83 0.6634 76 0.6615 71 0.6518Armenia 84 0.6669 84 90 0.6619 78 0.6677 71 0.6651 n/a n/aBrazil 85 0.6655 85 81 0.6695 73 0.6737 74 0.6637 67 0.6543Cyprus 86 0.6642 86 79 0.6706 76 0.6694 82 0.6522 83 0.6430Indonesia 87 0.6615 87 92 0.6580 93 0.6473 81 0.6550 68 0.6541Georgia 88 0.6598 88 83 0.6680 82 0.6654 67 0.6665 54 0.6700Tajikistan 89 0.6598 89 86 0.6661 89 0.6541 79 0.6578 n/a n/aEl Salvador 90 0.6596 90 55 0.6939 58 0.6875 48 0.6853 39 0.6837Mexico 91 0.6577 91 98 0.6503 97 0.6441 93 0.6441 75 0.6462Zimbabwe 92 0.6574 92 95 0.6518 92 0.6485 88 0.6464 76 0.6461Belize 93 0.6536 93 87 0.6636 86 0.6610 94 0.6426 n/a n/aJapan 94 0.6524 94 101 0.6447 98 0.6434 91 0.6455 80 0.6447Mauritius 95 0.6520 95 96 0.6513 95 0.6466 85 0.6487 88 0.6328Kenya 96 0.6499 96 97 0.6512 88 0.6547 83 0.6508 73 0.6486Cambodia 97 0.6482 97 104 0.6410 94 0.6469 98 0.6353 89 0.6291Malaysia 98 0.6479 98 100 0.6467 96 0.6442 92 0.6444 72 0.6509Maldives 99 0.6452 99 99 0.6482 91 0.6501 99 0.6350 n/a n/aAzerbaijan 100 0.6446 100 89 0.6626 61 0.6856 59 0.6781 n/a n/aSenegal 101 0.6414 101 102 0.6427 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aSuriname 102 0.6407 102 78 0.6726 79 0.6674 56 0.6794 n/a n/aUnited Arab Emirates 103 0.6397 103 112 0.6198 105 0.6220 105 0.6184 101 0.5919Korea, Rep. 104 0.6342 104 115 0.6146 108 0.6154 97 0.6409 92 0.6157Kuwait 105 0.6318 105 105 0.6356 101 0.6358 96 0.6409 86 0.6341Zambia 106 0.6293 106 107 0.6310 106 0.6205 101 0.6288 85 0.6360Tunisia 107 0.6266 107 109 0.6233 103 0.6295 102 0.6283 90 0.6288Fiji 108 0.6256 108 103 0.6414 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aGuatemala 109 0.6238 109 111 0.6209 112 0.6072 106 0.6144 95 0.6067Bahrain 110 0.6217 110 116 0.6136 121 0.5927 115 0.5931 102 0.5894Burkina Faso 111 0.6162 111 120 0.6081 115 0.6029 117 0.5912 104 0.5854India 112 0.6155 112 114 0.6151 113 0.6060 114 0.5936 98 0.6011Mauritania 113 0.6152 113 119 0.6103 110 0.6117 111 0.6022 106 0.5835Cameroon 114 0.6110 114 118 0.6108 117 0.6017 116 0.5919 103 0.5865Nepal 115 0.6084 115 110 0.6213 120 0.5942 125 0.5575 111 0.5478Lebanon* 116 0.6084 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aQatar 117 0.6059 116 125 0.5907 119 0.5948 109 0.6041 n/a n/aNigeria 118 0.6055 117 108 0.6280 102 0.6339 107 0.6122 94 0.6104Algeria 119 0.6052 118 117 0.6119 111 0.6111 108 0.6068 97 0.6018Jordan 120 0.6048 119 113 0.6182 104 0.6275 104 0.6203 93 0.6109Ethiopia 121 0.6019 120 122 0.5948 122 0.5867 113 0.5991 100 0.5946Oman 122 0.5950 121 123 0.5938 118 0.5960 119 0.5903 n/a n/aIran, Islamic Rep. 123 0.5933 122 128 0.5839 116 0.6021 118 0.5903 108 0.5803Syria 124 0.5926 123 121 0.6072 107 0.6181 103 0.6216 n/a n/aEgypt 125 0.5899 124 126 0.5862 124 0.5832 120 0.5809 109 0.5786Turkey 126 0.5876 125 129 0.5828 123 0.5853 121 0.5768 105 0.5850Morocco 127 0.5767 126 124 0.5926 125 0.5757 122 0.5676 107 0.5827Benin 128 0.5719 127 131 0.5643 126 0.5582 123 0.5656 110 0.5780Saudi Arabia 129 0.5713 128 130 0.5651 128 0.5537 124 0.5647 114 0.5242Côte d’Ivoire* 130 0.5691 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aMali 131 0.5680 129 127 0.5860 109 0.6117 112 0.6019 99 0.5996Pakistan 132 0.5465 130 132 0.5458 127 0.5549 126 0.5509 112 0.5434Chad 133 0.5330 131 133 0.5417 129 0.5290 127 0.5381 113 0.5247Yemen 134 0.4603 132 134 0.4609 130 0.4664 128 0.4510 115 0.4595

*New country 2010


Table 3b: Detailed rankings, 2010

Economic Participation Overall and Opportunity Educational Attainment Health and Survival Political Empowerment

Country Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score

Iceland 1 0.8496 18 0.7540 1 1.0000 96 0.9696 1 0.6748Norway 2 0.8404 3 0.8306 1 1.0000 91 0.9697 3 0.5614Finland 3 0.8260 16 0.7566 28 0.9993 1 0.9796 2 0.5686Sweden 4 0.8024 11 0.7695 41 0.9964 80 0.9729 4 0.4706New Zealand 5 0.7808 9 0.7743 1 1.0000 91 0.9697 8 0.3792Ireland 6 0.7773 25 0.7409 1 1.0000 89 0.9700 7 0.3985Denmark 7 0.7719 23 0.7438 1 1.0000 68 0.9743 10 0.3695Lesotho 8 0.7678 1 0.8789 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 34 0.2128Philippines 9 0.7654 13 0.7611 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 17 0.3212Switzerland 10 0.7562 30 0.7267 71 0.9889 74 0.9738 13 0.3352Spain 11 0.7554 78 0.6240 40 0.9964 63 0.9755 5 0.4258South Africa 12 0.7535 55 0.6727 43 0.9962 101 0.9677 9 0.3773Germany 13 0.7530 37 0.7138 51 0.9945 47 0.9784 15 0.3251Belgium 14 0.7509 39 0.7097 62 0.9909 44 0.9787 16 0.3244United Kingdom 15 0.7460 34 0.7210 1 1.0000 90 0.9698 22 0.2933Sri Lanka 16 0.7458 89 0.6008 57 0.9926 1 0.9796 6 0.4103Netherlands 17 0.7444 31 0.7230 39 0.9966 91 0.9697 25 0.2883Latvia 18 0.7429 21 0.7516 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 31 0.2404United States 19 0.7411 6 0.7992 1 1.0000 38 0.9792 40 0.1861Canada 20 0.7372 8 0.7768 35 0.9977 47 0.9784 36 0.1959Trinidad and Tobago 21 0.7353 38 0.7120 50 0.9947 1 0.9796 30 0.2549Mozambique 22 0.7329 5 0.8113 123 0.8136 110 0.9612 11 0.3455Australia 23 0.7271 24 0.7428 1 1.0000 73 0.9739 39 0.1917Cuba 24 0.7253 84 0.6092 1 1.0000 69 0.9743 18 0.3176Namibia 25 0.7238 27 0.7386 34 0.9979 104 0.9671 38 0.1918Luxembourg 26 0.7231 22 0.7507 1 1.0000 67 0.9743 49 0.1673Mongolia 27 0.7194 2 0.8746 59 0.9919 1 0.9796 124 0.0317Costa Rica 28 0.7194 98 0.5787 46 0.9954 66 0.9747 14 0.3287Argentina 29 0.7187 87 0.6024 47 0.9953 1 0.9796 20 0.2976Nicaragua 30 0.7176 94 0.5915 24 0.9996 57 0.9758 19 0.3037Barbados 31 0.7176 7 0.7870 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 80 0.1037Portugal 32 0.7171 56 0.6723 69 0.9890 71 0.9742 32 0.2328Uganda 33 0.7169 42 0.7075 107 0.9218 1 0.9796 29 0.2586Moldova 34 0.7160 10 0.7707 66 0.9898 1 0.9796 69 0.1240Lithuania 35 0.7132 17 0.7555 68 0.9894 1 0.9796 66 0.1283Bahamas 36 0.7128 4 0.8288 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 115 0.0430Austria 37 0.7091 92 0.5952 75 0.9886 44 0.9787 26 0.2742Guyana 38 0.7090 93 0.5915 33 0.9980 43 0.9789 27 0.2674Panama 39 0.7072 47 0.6925 55 0.9934 65 0.9753 48 0.1677Ecuador 40 0.7072 90 0.5985 78 0.9879 57 0.9758 28 0.2665Kazakhstan 41 0.7055 12 0.7633 25 0.9994 1 0.9796 96 0.0799Slovenia 42 0.7047 32 0.7229 36 0.9977 63 0.9755 70 0.1229Poland 43 0.7037 63 0.6526 29 0.9992 46 0.9785 41 0.1843Jamaica 44 0.7037 19 0.7535 86 0.9849 1 0.9796 87 0.0967Russian Federation 45 0.7036 28 0.7360 26 0.9994 40 0.9791 85 0.0999France 46 0.7025 60 0.6610 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 47 0.1695Estonia 47 0.7018 35 0.7193 38 0.9967 50 0.9773 74 0.1138Chile 48 0.7013 108 0.5338 42 0.9963 1 0.9796 21 0.2957Macedonia 49 0.6996 53 0.6775 72 0.9888 124 0.9551 43 0.1769Bulgaria 50 0.6983 50 0.6843 58 0.9925 40 0.9791 64 0.1372Kyrgyzstan 51 0.6973 52 0.6796 48 0.9953 1 0.9796 65 0.1347Israel 52 0.6957 49 0.6883 80 0.9874 91 0.9697 63 0.1375Croatia 53 0.6939 61 0.6606 53 0.9939 1 0.9796 57 0.1417Honduras 54 0.6927 96 0.5904 30 0.9991 53 0.9762 35 0.2052Colombia 55 0.6927 45 0.6941 44 0.9956 40 0.9791 83 0.1018Singapore 56 0.6914 20 0.7527 103 0.9375 100 0.9677 79 0.1076Thailand 57 0.6910 36 0.7160 84 0.9855 1 0.9796 94 0.0829Greece 58 0.6908 79 0.6209 54 0.9935 84 0.9712 42 0.1773Uruguay 59 0.6897 62 0.6566 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 71 0.1227Peru 60 0.6895 81 0.6201 89 0.9796 107 0.9658 37 0.1926China 61 0.6881 46 0.6927 88 0.9810 133 0.9290 56 0.1495Botswana 62 0.6876 29 0.7359 1 1.0000 125 0.9549 108 0.0597Ukraine 63 0.6869 43 0.7074 23 0.9996 56 0.9761 105 0.0645Venezuela 64 0.6863 83 0.6145 31 0.9991 1 0.9796 55 0.1521Czech Republic 65 0.6850 80 0.6205 1 1.0000 38 0.9792 59 0.1403Tanzania 66 0.6829 57 0.6710 114 0.8716 110 0.9612 33 0.2280Romania 67 0.6826 41 0.7081 73 0.9887 50 0.9773 109 0.0562


Table 3b: Detailed rankings, 2010 (cont’d.)

Economic Participation Overall and Opportunity Educational Attainment Health and Survival Political Empowerment

Country Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score

Malawi 68 0.6824 44 0.6979 112 0.8894 99 0.9683 45 0.1742Paraguay 69 0.6804 71 0.6373 45 0.9955 57 0.9758 75 0.1129Ghana 70 0.6782 15 0.7577 111 0.8915 103 0.9674 88 0.0961Slovakia 71 0.6778 70 0.6375 1 1.0000 1 0.9796 89 0.0941Vietnam 72 0.6776 33 0.7212 106 0.9242 127 0.9469 72 0.1182Dominican Republic 73 0.6774 64 0.6516 1 1.0000 86 0.9711 92 0.0870Italy 74 0.6765 97 0.5893 49 0.9948 95 0.9697 54 0.1523Gambia, The 75 0.6762 14 0.7588 121 0.8288 1 0.9796 62 0.1377Bolivia 76 0.6751 91 0.5957 97 0.9592 82 0.9719 46 0.1735Brunei Darussalam 77 0.6748 26 0.7404 56 0.9931 107 0.9658 131 0.0000Albania 78 0.6726 51 0.6808 52 0.9942 131 0.9370 97 0.0785Hungary 79 0.6720 48 0.6894 64 0.9900 49 0.9779 126 0.0309Madagascar 80 0.6713 58 0.6708 98 0.9591 78 0.9732 95 0.0821Angola 81 0.6712 76 0.6296 125 0.7854 1 0.9796 24 0.2901Bangladesh 82 0.6702 117 0.4732 108 0.9139 122 0.9557 12 0.3378Malta 83 0.6695 104 0.5428 1 1.0000 72 0.9741 51 0.1611Armenia 84 0.6669 59 0.6690 26 0.9994 130 0.9370 106 0.0621Brazil 85 0.6655 66 0.6431 63 0.9904 1 0.9796 112 0.0488Cyprus 86 0.6642 75 0.6300 77 0.9879 88 0.9701 102 0.0690Indonesia 87 0.6615 100 0.5750 95 0.9640 105 0.9663 58 0.1407Georgia 88 0.6598 54 0.6751 87 0.9813 129 0.9441 119 0.0388Tajikistan 89 0.6598 40 0.7087 113 0.8817 121 0.9559 90 0.0929El Salvador 90 0.6596 102 0.5534 79 0.9876 1 0.9796 73 0.1178Mexico 91 0.6577 110 0.5212 61 0.9910 1 0.9796 61 0.1390Zimbabwe 92 0.6574 67 0.6397 105 0.9332 128 0.9458 76 0.1110Belize 93 0.6536 72 0.6362 32 0.9987 1 0.9796 131 0.0000Japan 94 0.6524 101 0.5718 82 0.9860 1 0.9796 101 0.0722Mauritius 95 0.6520 103 0.5491 76 0.9882 1 0.9796 91 0.0909Kenya 96 0.6499 82 0.6151 102 0.9396 101 0.9677 98 0.0774Cambodia 97 0.6482 68 0.6383 115 0.8655 1 0.9796 78 0.1095Malaysia 98 0.6479 99 0.5765 65 0.9899 76 0.9736 110 0.0517Maldives 99 0.6452 95 0.5907 67 0.9896 110 0.9612 118 0.0392Azerbaijan 100 0.6446 73 0.6352 93 0.9671 134 0.9287 113 0.0473Senegal 101 0.6414 65 0.6439 122 0.8208 77 0.9734 68 0.1274Suriname 102 0.6407 123 0.4495 85 0.9852 70 0.9742 53 0.1539United Arab Emirates 103 0.6397 120 0.4605 37 0.9977 110 0.9612 60 0.1394Korea, Rep. 104 0.6342 111 0.5203 100 0.9466 79 0.9730 86 0.0969Kuwait 105 0.6318 107 0.5369 83 0.9858 110 0.9612 114 0.0435Zambia 106 0.6293 88 0.6011 119 0.8472 97 0.9690 84 0.0999Tunisia 107 0.6266 122 0.4501 94 0.9662 109 0.9623 67 0.1278Fiji 108 0.6256 114 0.4983 70 0.9889 1 0.9796 121 0.0358Guatemala 109 0.6238 109 0.5280 101 0.9453 1 0.9796 116 0.0423Bahrain 110 0.6217 115 0.4967 60 0.9915 110 0.9612 120 0.0376Burkina Faso 111 0.6162 69 0.6383 128 0.7485 98 0.9685 77 0.1098India 112 0.6155 128 0.4025 120 0.8369 132 0.9312 23 0.2913Mauritania 113 0.6152 118 0.4668 118 0.8526 1 0.9796 50 0.1621Cameroon 114 0.6110 105 0.5414 117 0.8585 110 0.9612 93 0.0829Nepal 115 0.6084 112 0.5174 126 0.7806 110 0.9612 44 0.1743Lebanon* 116 0.6084 124 0.4483 91 0.9773 1 0.9796 127 0.0283Qatar 117 0.6059 116 0.4829 74 0.9887 126 0.9522 131 0.0000Nigeria 118 0.6055 86 0.6044 124 0.8072 120 0.9607 111 0.0497Algeria 119 0.6052 119 0.4666 99 0.9530 106 0.9661 123 0.0350Jordan 120 0.6048 126 0.4225 81 0.9869 87 0.9706 117 0.0394Ethiopia 121 0.6019 74 0.6316 129 0.7003 75 0.9737 82 0.1021Oman 122 0.5950 129 0.4003 90 0.9784 61 0.9755 128 0.0256Iran, Islamic Rep. 123 0.5933 125 0.4257 96 0.9594 83 0.9714 129 0.0165Syria 124 0.5926 130 0.3980 104 0.9363 60 0.9756 107 0.0603Egypt 125 0.5899 121 0.4530 110 0.8987 52 0.9768 125 0.0311Turkey 126 0.5876 131 0.3856 109 0.9123 61 0.9755 99 0.0769Morocco 127 0.5767 127 0.4077 116 0.8607 85 0.9712 103 0.0671Benin 128 0.5719 85 0.6049 133 0.6457 110 0.9612 100 0.0757Saudi Arabia 129 0.5713 132 0.3351 92 0.9739 53 0.9762 131 0.0000Côte d’Ivoire* 130 0.5691 106 0.5390 130 0.6923 1 0.9796 104 0.0655Mali 131 0.5680 113 0.5137 131 0.6794 55 0.9761 81 0.1026Pakistan 132 0.5465 133 0.3059 127 0.7698 122 0.9557 52 0.1545Chad 133 0.5330 77 0.6265 134 0.5091 110 0.9612 122 0.0352Yemen 134 0.4603 134 0.1951 132 0.6567 81 0.9727 130 0.0165

*New country 2010

Table 3c: The Global Gender Gap Index 2010 rankings: Change in scores

2010 2010 2010 rank among 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 Country rank score 2009 countries rank score rank score rank score rank score

Iceland 1 0.8496 1 1 0.8276 4 0.7999 4 0.7836 4 0.7813Norway 2 0.8404 2 3 0.8227 1 0.8239 2 0.8059 2 0.7994Finland 3 0.8260 3 2 0.8252 2 0.8195 3 0.8044 3 0.7958Sweden 4 0.8024 4 4 0.8139 3 0.8139 1 0.8146 1 0.8133New Zealand 5 0.7808 5 5 0.7880 5 0.7859 5 0.7649 7 0.7509Ireland 6 0.7773 6 8 0.7597 8 0.7518 9 0.7457 10 0.7335Denmark 7 0.7719 7 7 0.7628 7 0.7538 8 0.7519 8 0.7462Lesotho 8 0.7678 8 10 0.7495 16 0.7320 26 0.7078 43 0.6807Philippines 9 0.7654 9 9 0.7579 6 0.7568 6 0.7629 6 0.7516Switzerland 10 0.7562 10 13 0.7426 14 0.7360 40 0.6924 26 0.6997Spain 11 0.7554 11 17 0.7345 17 0.7281 10 0.7444 11 0.7319South Africa 12 0.7535 12 6 0.7709 22 0.7232 20 0.7194 18 0.7125Germany 13 0.7530 13 12 0.7449 11 0.7394 7 0.7618 5 0.7524Belgium 14 0.7509 14 33 0.7165 28 0.7163 19 0.7198 20 0.7078United Kingdom 15 0.7460 15 15 0.7402 13 0.7366 11 0.7441 9 0.7365Sri Lanka 16 0.7458 16 16 0.7402 12 0.7371 15 0.7230 13 0.7199Netherlands 17 0.7444 17 11 0.7490 9 0.7399 12 0.7383 12 0.7250Latvia 18 0.7429 18 14 0.7416 10 0.7397 13 0.7333 19 0.7091United States 19 0.7411 19 31 0.7173 27 0.7179 31 0.7002 23 0.7042Canada 20 0.7372 20 25 0.7196 31 0.7136 18 0.7198 14 0.7165Trinidad and Tobago 21 0.7353 21 19 0.7298 19 0.7245 46 0.6859 45 0.6797Mozambique 22 0.7329 22 26 0.7195 18 0.7266 43 0.6883 n/a n/aAustralia 23 0.7271 23 20 0.7282 21 0.7241 17 0.7204 15 0.7163Cuba 24 0.7253 24 29 0.7176 25 0.7195 22 0.7169 n/a n/aNamibia 25 0.7238 25 32 0.7167 30 0.7141 29 0.7012 38 0.6864Luxembourg 26 0.7231 26 63 0.6889 66 0.6802 58 0.6786 56 0.6671Mongolia 27 0.7194 27 22 0.7221 40 0.7049 62 0.6731 42 0.6821Costa Rica 28 0.7194 28 27 0.7180 32 0.7111 28 0.7014 30 0.6936Argentina 29 0.7187 29 24 0.7211 24 0.7209 33 0.6982 41 0.6829Nicaragua 30 0.7176 30 49 0.7002 71 0.6747 90 0.6458 62 0.6566Barbados 31 0.7176 31 21 0.7236 26 0.7188 n/a n/a n/a n/aPortugal 32 0.7171 32 46 0.7013 39 0.7051 37 0.6959 33 0.6922Uganda 33 0.7169 33 40 0.7067 43 0.6981 50 0.6833 47 0.6797Moldova 34 0.7160 34 36 0.7104 20 0.7244 21 0.7172 17 0.7128Lithuania 35 0.7132 35 30 0.7175 23 0.7222 14 0.7234 21 0.7077Bahamas 36 0.7128 36 28 0.7179 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aAustria 37 0.7091 37 42 0.7031 29 0.7153 27 0.7060 27 0.6986Guyana 38 0.7090 38 35 0.7108 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aPanama 39 0.7072 39 43 0.7024 34 0.7095 38 0.6954 31 0.6935Ecuador 40 0.7072 40 23 0.7220 35 0.7091 44 0.6881 82 0.6433Kazakhstan 41 0.7055 41 47 0.7013 45 0.6976 32 0.6983 32 0.6928Slovenia 42 0.7047 42 52 0.6982 51 0.6937 49 0.6842 51 0.6745Poland 43 0.7037 43 50 0.6998 49 0.6951 60 0.6756 44 0.6802Jamaica 44 0.7037 44 48 0.7013 44 0.6980 39 0.6925 25 0.7014Russian Federation 45 0.7036 45 51 0.6987 42 0.6994 45 0.6866 49 0.6770France 46 0.7025 46 18 0.7331 15 0.7341 51 0.6824 70 0.6520Estonia 47 0.7018 47 37 0.7094 37 0.7076 30 0.7008 29 0.6944Chile 48 0.7013 48 64 0.6884 65 0.6818 86 0.6482 78 0.6455Macedonia, FYR 49 0.6996 49 53 0.6950 53 0.6914 35 0.6967 28 0.6983Bulgaria 50 0.6983 50 38 0.7072 36 0.7077 25 0.7085 37 0.6870Kyrgyz Republic 51 0.6973 51 41 0.7058 41 0.7045 70 0.6653 52 0.6742Israel 52 0.6957 52 45 0.7019 56 0.6900 36 0.6965 35 0.6889Croatia 53 0.6939 53 54 0.6944 46 0.6967 16 0.7210 16 0.7145Honduras 54 0.6927 54 62 0.6893 47 0.6960 68 0.6661 74 0.6483Colombia 55 0.6927 55 56 0.6939 50 0.6944 24 0.7090 22 0.7049Singapore 56 0.6914 56 84 0.6664 84 0.6625 77 0.6609 65 0.6550Thailand 57 0.6910 57 59 0.6907 52 0.6917 52 0.6815 40 0.6831Greece 58 0.6908 58 85 0.6662 75 0.6727 72 0.6648 69 0.6540Uruguay 59 0.6897 59 57 0.6936 54 0.6907 78 0.6608 66 0.6549Peru 60 0.6895 60 44 0.7024 48 0.6959 75 0.6624 60 0.6619China 61 0.6881 61 60 0.6907 57 0.6878 73 0.6643 63 0.6561Botswana 62 0.6876 62 39 0.7071 63 0.6839 53 0.6797 34 0.6897Ukraine 63 0.6869 63 61 0.6896 62 0.6856 57 0.6790 48 0.6797Venezuela 64 0.6863 64 69 0.6839 59 0.6875 55 0.6797 57 0.6664Czech Republic 65 0.6850 65 74 0.6789 69 0.6770 64 0.6718 53 0.6712Tanzania 66 0.6829 66 73 0.6797 38 0.7068 34 0.6969 24 0.7038Romania 67 0.6826 67 70 0.6805 70 0.6763 47 0.6859 46 0.6797Malawi 68 0.6824 68 76 0.6738 81 0.6664 87 0.6480 81 0.6437




Change in score Change in score Change in score Change in score Change in score Country (2010–2009) (2009–2008) (2008–2007) (2007–2006) (2010–2006)

Iceland 0.0220 0.0277 0.0164 0.0023 0.0683Norway 0.0177 –0.0011 0.0180 0.0065 0.0410Finland 0.0008 0.0057 0.0151 0.0086 0.0302Sweden –0.0116 0.0000 –0.0007 0.0014 –0.0109New Zealand –0.0072 0.0021 0.0210 0.0140 0.0299Ireland 0.0177 0.0079 0.0061 0.0122 0.0439Denmark 0.0091 0.0090 0.0019 0.0057 0.0257Lesotho 0.0183 0.0176 0.0242 0.0271 0.0871Philippines 0.0076 0.0011 –0.0061 0.0113 0.0139Switzerland 0.0136 0.0066 0.0436 –0.0073 0.0565Spain 0.0209 0.0063 –0.0162 0.0125 0.0235South Africa –0.0175 0.0477 0.0038 0.0069 0.0410Germany 0.0080 0.0055 –0.0224 0.0094 0.0005Belgium 0.0344 0.0003 –0.0035 0.0120 0.0431United Kingdom 0.0058 0.0036 –0.0075 0.0076 0.0095Sri Lanka 0.0056 0.0032 0.0141 0.0031 0.0259Netherlands –0.0046 0.0091 0.0016 0.0133 0.0194Latvia 0.0013 0.0019 0.0064 0.0242 0.0338United States 0.0238 –0.0006 0.0177 –0.0039 0.0370Canada 0.0176 0.0060 –0.0063 0.0034 0.0207Trinidad and Tobago 0.0054 0.0054 0.0385 0.0062 0.0556Mozambique 0.0134 –0.0071 0.0383 n/a n/aAustralia –0.0011 0.0041 0.0037 0.0040 0.0108Cuba 0.0076 –0.0019 0.0026 n/a n/aNamibia 0.0072 0.0026 0.0129 0.0147 0.0374Luxembourg 0.0342 0.0087 0.0016 0.0115 0.0560Mongolia –0.0026 0.0171 0.0318 –0.0090 0.0373Costa Rica 0.0014 0.0069 0.0097 0.0078 0.0258Argentina –0.0024 0.0002 0.0227 0.0153 0.0358Nicaragua 0.0175 0.0255 0.0289 –0.0108 0.0610Barbados –0.0060 0.0048 n/a n/a n/aPortugal 0.0158 –0.0038 0.0092 0.0037 0.0249Uganda 0.0102 0.0086 0.0148 0.0036 0.0372Moldova 0.0056 –0.0140 0.0071 0.0044 0.0032Lithuania –0.0043 –0.0046 –0.0012 0.0157 0.0055Bahamas –0.0050 n/a n/a n/a n/aAustria 0.0060 –0.0121 0.0092 0.0074 0.0105Guyana –0.0019 n/a n/a n/a n/aPanama 0.0048 –0.0071 0.0141 0.0019 0.0138Ecuador –0.0148 0.0129 0.0210 0.0448 0.0639Kazakhstan 0.0043 0.0037 –0.0006 0.0054 0.0127Slovenia 0.0066 0.0045 0.0094 0.0097 0.0302Poland 0.0039 0.0047 0.0194 –0.0046 0.0235Jamaica 0.0024 0.0032 0.0055 –0.0089 0.0023Russian Federation 0.0049 –0.0007 0.0128 0.0096 0.0266France –0.0306 –0.0010 0.0518 0.0303 0.0505Estonia –0.0076 0.0018 0.0068 0.0064 0.0074Chile 0.0129 0.0066 0.0336 0.0027 0.0558Macedonia, FYR 0.0046 0.0036 –0.0054 –0.0015 0.0013Bulgaria –0.0089 –0.0005 –0.0007 0.0215 0.0113Kyrgyz Republic –0.0086 0.0013 0.0392 –0.0088 0.0231Israel –0.0061 0.0118 –0.0064 0.0076 0.0069Croatia –0.0004 –0.0023 –0.0243 0.0066 –0.0205Honduras 0.0035 –0.0068 0.0300 0.0178 0.0445Colombia –0.0012 –0.0004 –0.0146 0.0041 –0.0122Singapore 0.0250 0.0039 0.0017 0.0059 0.0364Thailand 0.0003 –0.0010 0.0102 –0.0016 0.0079Greece 0.0245 –0.0064 0.0079 0.0107 0.0367Uruguay –0.0039 0.0029 0.0299 0.0058 0.0348Peru –0.0128 0.0064 0.0336 0.0005 0.0276China –0.0026 0.0029 0.0235 0.0082 0.0320Botswana –0.0195 0.0232 0.0041 –0.0100 –0.0021Ukraine –0.0027 0.0041 0.0065 –0.0006 0.0072Venezuela 0.0024 –0.0036 0.0078 0.0133 0.0199Czech Republic 0.0061 0.0019 0.0052 0.0006 0.0139Tanzania 0.0032 –0.0271 0.0100 –0.0069 –0.0208Romania 0.0020 0.0043 –0.0097 0.0062 0.0029Malawi 0.0087 0.0074 0.0183 0.0044 0.0388

(Cont’d.)


2010 2010 2010 rank among 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 Country rank score 2009 countries rank score rank score rank score rank score

Paraguay 69 0.6804 69 66 0.6868 100 0.6379 69 0.6659 64 0.6556Ghana 70 0.6782 70 80 0.6704 77 0.6679 63 0.6725 58 0.6653Slovak Republic 71 0.6778 71 68 0.6845 64 0.6824 54 0.6797 50 0.6757Vietnam 72 0.6776 72 71 0.6802 68 0.6778 42 0.6889 n/a n/aDominican Republic 73 0.6774 73 67 0.6859 72 0.6744 65 0.6705 59 0.6639Italy 74 0.6765 74 72 0.6798 67 0.6788 84 0.6498 77 0.6456Gambia, The 75 0.6762 75 75 0.6752 85 0.6622 95 0.6421 79 0.6448Bolivia 76 0.6751 76 82 0.6693 80 0.6667 80 0.6574 87 0.6335Brunei Darussalam 77 0.6748 77 94 0.6524 99 0.6392 n/a n/a n/a n/aAlbania 78 0.6726 78 91 0.6601 87 0.6591 66 0.6685 61 0.6607Hungary 79 0.6720 79 65 0.6879 60 0.6867 61 0.6731 55 0.6698Madagascar 80 0.6713 80 77 0.6732 74 0.6736 89 0.6461 84 0.6385Angola 81 0.6712 81 106 0.6353 114 0.6032 110 0.6034 96 0.6039Bangladesh 82 0.6702 82 93 0.6526 90 0.6531 100 0.6314 91 0.6270Malta 83 0.6695 83 88 0.6635 83 0.6634 76 0.6615 71 0.6518Armenia 84 0.6669 84 90 0.6619 78 0.6677 71 0.6651 n/a n/aBrazil 85 0.6655 85 81 0.6695 73 0.6737 74 0.6637 67 0.6543Cyprus 86 0.6642 86 79 0.6706 76 0.6694 82 0.6522 83 0.6430Indonesia 87 0.6615 87 92 0.6580 93 0.6473 81 0.6550 68 0.6541Georgia 88 0.6598 88 83 0.6680 82 0.6654 67 0.6665 54 0.6700Tajikistan 89 0.6598 89 86 0.6661 89 0.6541 79 0.6578 n/a n/aEl Salvador 90 0.6596 90 55 0.6939 58 0.6875 48 0.6853 39 0.6837Mexico 91 0.6577 91 98 0.6503 97 0.6441 93 0.6441 75 0.6462Zimbabwe 92 0.6574 92 95 0.6518 92 0.6485 88 0.6464 76 0.6461Belize 93 0.6536 93 87 0.6636 86 0.6610 94 0.6426 n/a n/aJapan 94 0.6524 94 101 0.6447 98 0.6434 91 0.6455 80 0.6447Mauritius 95 0.6520 95 96 0.6513 95 0.6466 85 0.6487 88 0.6328Kenya 96 0.6499 96 97 0.6512 88 0.6547 83 0.6508 73 0.6486Cambodia 97 0.6482 97 104 0.6410 94 0.6469 98 0.6353 89 0.6291Malaysia 98 0.6479 98 100 0.6467 96 0.6442 92 0.6444 72 0.6509Maldives 99 0.6452 99 99 0.6482 91 0.6501 99 0.6350 n/a n/aAzerbaijan 100 0.6446 100 89 0.6626 61 0.6856 59 0.6781 n/a n/aSenegal 101 0.6414 101 102 0.6427 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aSuriname 102 0.6407 102 78 0.6726 79 0.6674 56 0.6794 n/a n/aUnited Arab Emirates 103 0.6397 103 112 0.6198 105 0.6220 105 0.6184 101 0.5919Korea, Rep. 104 0.6342 104 115 0.6146 108 0.6154 97 0.6409 92 0.6157Kuwait 105 0.6318 105 105 0.6356 101 0.6358 96 0.6409 86 0.6341Zambia 106 0.6293 106 107 0.6310 106 0.6205 101 0.6288 85 0.6360Tunisia 107 0.6266 107 109 0.6233 103 0.6295 102 0.6283 90 0.6288Fiji 108 0.6256 108 103 0.6414 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aGuatemala 109 0.6238 109 111 0.6209 112 0.6072 106 0.6144 95 0.6067Bahrain 110 0.6217 110 116 0.6136 121 0.5927 115 0.5931 102 0.5894Burkina Faso 111 0.6162 111 120 0.6081 115 0.6029 117 0.5912 104 0.5854India 112 0.6155 112 114 0.6151 113 0.6060 114 0.5936 98 0.6011Mauritania 113 0.6152 113 119 0.6103 110 0.6117 111 0.6022 106 0.5835Cameroon 114 0.6110 114 118 0.6108 117 0.6017 116 0.5919 103 0.5865Nepal 115 0.6084 115 110 0.6213 120 0.5942 125 0.5575 111 0.5478Lebanon* 116 0.6084 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aQatar 117 0.6059 116 125 0.5907 119 0.5948 109 0.6041 n/a n/aNigeria 118 0.6055 117 108 0.6280 102 0.6339 107 0.6122 94 0.6104Algeria 119 0.6052 118 117 0.6119 111 0.6111 108 0.6068 97 0.6018Jordan 120 0.6048 119 113 0.6182 104 0.6275 104 0.6203 93 0.6109Ethiopia 121 0.6019 120 122 0.5948 122 0.5867 113 0.5991 100 0.5946Oman 122 0.5950 121 123 0.5938 118 0.5960 119 0.5903 n/a n/aIran, Islamic Rep. 123 0.5933 122 128 0.5839 116 0.6021 118 0.5903 108 0.5803Syria 124 0.5926 123 121 0.6072 107 0.6181 103 0.6216 n/a n/aEgypt 125 0.5899 124 126 0.5862 124 0.5832 120 0.5809 109 0.5786Turkey 126 0.5876 125 129 0.5828 123 0.5853 121 0.5768 105 0.5850Morocco 127 0.5767 126 124 0.5926 125 0.5757 122 0.5676 107 0.5827Benin 128 0.5719 127 131 0.5643 126 0.5582 123 0.5656 110 0.5780Saudi Arabia 129 0.5713 128 130 0.5651 128 0.5537 124 0.5647 114 0.5242Côte d’Ivoire* 130 0.5691 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aMali 131 0.5680 129 127 0.5860 109 0.6117 112 0.6019 99 0.5996Pakistan 132 0.5465 130 132 0.5458 127 0.5549 126 0.5509 112 0.5434Chad 133 0.5330 131 133 0.5417 129 0.5290 127 0.5381 113 0.5247Yemen 134 0.4603 132 134 0.4609 130 0.4664 128 0.4510 115 0.4595Belarus n/a n/a n/a 34 0.7141 33 0.7099 23 0.7113 n/a n/aUzbekistan n/a n/a n/a 58 0.6913 55 0.6906 41 0.6921 36 0.6886

*New country 2010


Table 3c: The Global Gender Gap Index 2010 rankings: Change in scores (cont’d.)

Change in score Change in score Change in score Change in score Change in score Country (2010–2009) (2009–2008) (2008–2007) (2007–2006) (2010–2006)

Paraguay –0.0064 0.0489 –0.0279 0.0103 0.0248Ghana 0.0078 0.0025 –0.0046 0.0072 0.0129Slovak Republic –0.0067 0.0021 0.0027 0.0040 0.0022Vietnam –0.0026 0.0023 –0.0110 n/a n/aDominican Republic –0.0085 0.0115 0.0039 0.0065 0.0135Italy –0.0033 0.0010 0.0290 0.0042 0.0309Gambia, The 0.0010 0.0130 0.0200 –0.0027 0.0314Bolivia 0.0058 0.0026 0.0093 0.0239 0.0416Brunei Darussalam 0.0224 0.0132 n/a n/a n/aAlbania 0.0125 0.0010 –0.0094 0.0078 0.0119Hungary –0.0158 0.0012 0.0136 0.0033 0.0023Madagascar –0.0019 –0.0003 0.0274 0.0076 0.0328Angola 0.0358 0.0321 –0.0002 –0.0005 0.0673Bangladesh 0.0176 –0.0005 0.0216 0.0044 0.0432Malta 0.0060 0.0002 0.0019 0.0097 0.0177Armenia 0.0050 –0.0059 0.0027 n/a n/aBrazil –0.0040 –0.0042 0.0100 0.0094 0.0112Cyprus –0.0064 0.0012 0.0172 0.0092 0.0212Indonesia 0.0035 0.0107 –0.0077 0.0009 0.0074Georgia –0.0082 0.0026 –0.0011 –0.0035 –0.0102Tajikistan –0.0063 0.0120 –0.0038 n/a n/aEl Salvador –0.0343 0.0064 0.0023 0.0016 –0.0241Mexico 0.0074 0.0062 0.0000 –0.0021 0.0115Zimbabwe 0.0056 0.0032 0.0021 0.0004 0.0114Belize –0.0100 0.0026 0.0183 n/a n/aJapan 0.0077 0.0335 –0.0021 0.0008 0.0077Mauritius 0.0007 0.0047 –0.0022 0.0160 0.0192Kenya –0.0013 –0.0035 0.0039 0.0023 0.0014Cambodia 0.0073 –0.0059 0.0116 0.0062 0.0191Malaysia 0.0012 0.0025 –0.0002 –0.0065 –0.0030Maldives –0.0030 –0.0019 0.0151 n/a n/aAzerbaijan –0.0180 –0.0230 0.0075 n/a n/aSenegal –0.0013 n/a n/a n/a n/aSuriname –0.0319 0.0051 –0.0120 n/a n/aUnited Arab Emirates 0.0199 –0.0022 0.0036 0.0265 0.0477Korea, Rep. 0.0196 –0.0008 –0.0254 0.0251 0.0185Kuwait –0.0038 –0.0002 –0.0051 0.0068 –0.0022Zambia –0.0017 0.0106 –0.0084 –0.0071 –0.0066Tunisia 0.0033 –0.0062 0.0012 –0.0006 –0.0023Fiji –0.0158 n/a n/a n/a n/aGuatemala 0.0028 0.0137 –0.0072 0.0077 0.0171Bahrain 0.0081 0.0209 –0.0003 0.0037 0.0324Burkina Faso 0.0081 0.0052 0.0117 0.0059 0.0309India 0.0004 0.0091 0.0124 –0.0075 0.0143Mauritania 0.0050 –0.0014 0.0095 0.0187 0.0318Cameroon 0.0002 0.0091 0.0098 0.0053 0.0245Nepal –0.0130 0.0271 0.0367 0.0097 0.0606Lebanon* n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aQatar 0.0153 –0.0041 –0.0093 n/a n/aNigeria –0.0225 –0.0059 0.0217 0.0018 –0.0049Algeria –0.0067 0.0008 0.0042 0.0050 0.0034Jordan –0.0133 –0.0093 0.0072 0.0094 –0.0060Ethiopia 0.0071 0.0080 –0.0124 0.0045 0.0073Oman 0.0012 –0.0023 0.0057 n/a n/aIran, Islamic Rep. 0.0094 –0.0182 0.0117 0.0101 0.0130Syria –0.0146 –0.0109 –0.0035 n/a n/aEgypt 0.0037 0.0029 0.0023 0.0023 0.0113Turkey 0.0047 –0.0025 0.0085 –0.0082 0.0026Morocco –0.0159 0.0168 0.0082 –0.0151 –0.0060Benin 0.0076 0.0061 –0.0075 –0.0123 –0.0061Saudi Arabia 0.0062 0.0114 –0.0110 0.0405 0.0471Côte d’Ivoire* n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aMali –0.0181 –0.0257 0.0098 0.0022 –0.0316Pakistan 0.0007 –0.0090 0.0040 0.0075 0.0031Chad –0.0087 0.0126 –0.0091 0.0134 0.0082Yemen –0.0006 –0.0055 0.0154 –0.0085 0.0008Belarus n/a 0.0042 –0.0015 n/a n/aUzbekistan n/a 0.0008 –0.0016 0.0035 n/a

*New country 2010


(Cont’d.)

Table 4: Rankings by income group, 2010

LOW INCOME

Overall OverallCountry score rank

Mozambique 0.7329 22Uganda 0.7169 33Kyrgyz Republic 0.6973 51Tanzania 0.6829 66Malawi 0.6824 68Ghana 0.6782 70Gambia, The 0.6762 75Madagascar 0.6713 80Bangladesh 0.6702 82Tajikistan 0.6598 89Zimbabwe 0.6574 92Kenya 0.6499 96Cambodia 0.6482 97Zambia 0.6293 106Burkina Faso 0.6162 111Mauritania 0.6152 113Nepal 0.6084 115Ethiopia 0.6019 121Benin 0.5719 128Mali 0.5680 131Chad 0.5330 133

LOWER MIDDLE INCOME


Lesotho 0.7678 8Philippines 0.7654 9Sri Lanka 0.7458 16Mongolia 0.7194 27Nicaragua 0.7176 30Moldova 0.7160 34Guyana 0.7090 38Ecuador 0.7072 40Honduras 0.6927 54Thailand 0.6910 57China 0.6881 61Ukraine 0.6869 63Paraguay 0.6804 69Vietnam 0.6776 72Bolivia 0.6751 76Angola 0.6712 81Armenia 0.6669 84Indonesia 0.6615 87Georgia 0.6598 88El Salvador 0.6596 90Belize 0.6536 93Maldives 0.6452 99Senegal 0.6414 101Tunisia 0.6266 107Guatemala 0.6238 109India 0.6155 112Cameroon 0.6110 114Nigeria 0.6055 118Jordan 0.6048 120Syria 0.5926 124Egypt 0.5899 125Morocco 0.5767 127Côte d’Ivoire* 0.5691 130Pakistan 0.5465 132Yemen 0.4603 134

UPPER MIDDLE INCOME


South Africa 0.7535 12Cuba 0.7253 24Namibia 0.7238 25Costa Rica 0.7194 28Argentina 0.7187 29Lithuania 0.7132 35Panama 0.7072 39Kazakhstan 0.7055 41Jamaica 0.7037 44Russian Federation 0.7036 45Chile 0.7013 48Macedonia 0.6996 49Colombia 0.6927 55Uruguay 0.6897 59Peru 0.6895 60Botswana 0.6876 62Venezuela 0.6863 64Romania 0.6826 67Dominican Republic 0.6774 73Albania 0.6726 78Brazil 0.6655 85Mexico 0.6577 91Mauritius 0.6520 95Malaysia 0.6479 98Azerbaijan 0.6446 100Suriname 0.6407 102Fiji 0.6256 108Lebanon* 0.6084 116Algeria 0.6052 119Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.5933 123Turkey 0.5876 126Bulgaria 0.6983 50

HIGH INCOME


Iceland 0.8496 1Norway 0.8404 2Finland 0.8260 3Sweden 0.8024 4New Zealand 0.7808 5Ireland 0.7773 6Denmark 0.7719 7Switzerland 0.7562 10Spain 0.7554 11Germany 0.7530 13Belgium 0.7509 14United Kingdom 0.7460 15Netherlands 0.7444 17Latvia 0.7429 18United States 0.7411 19Canada 0.7372 20Trinidad and Tobago 0.7353 21Australia 0.7271 23Luxembourg 0.7231 26Barbados 0.7176 31Portugal 0.7171 32Bahamas 0.7128 36Austria 0.7091 37Slovenia 0.7047 42Poland 0.7037 43France 0.7025 46Estonia 0.7018 47Israel 0.6957 52Croatia 0.6939 53Singapore 0.6914 56Greece 0.6908 58Czech Republic 0.6850 65Slovakia 0.6778 71Italy 0.6765 74Brunei Darussalam 0.6748 77Hungary 0.6720 79Malta 0.6695 83Cyprus 0.6642 86Japan 0.6524 94United Arab Emirates 0.6397 103Korea, Rep. 0.6342 104Kuwait 0.6318 105Bahrain 0.6217 110Qatar 0.6059 1Oman 0.5950 122Saudi Arabia 0.5713 129

*New country 2010Note: Income classifications are taken from the World Bank, which classifies economies into four income categories based on GNI per capita: high income, upper

middle income, lower middle income and low income.


Table 3c: The Global Gender Gap Index 2009 rankings: Change in scores (cont’d.)

Number of countries 2009 to 2010 2008 to 2009 2007 to 2008 2006 to 2007 2006 to 2009

Widening gaps 54 43 41 24 16Narrowing gaps 78 87 87 91 98Improving (%) 59% 67% 68% 79% 86%Deteriorating (%) 41% 33% 32% 21% 14%

Total 132 130 128 115 114


Table 5: Rankings by subindex, 2010

Country Score Rank

Lesotho 0.8789 1Mongolia 0.8746 2Norway 0.8306 3Bahamas 0.8288 4Mozambique 0.8113 5United States 0.7992 6Barbados 0.7870 7Canada 0.7768 8New Zealand 0.7743 9Moldova 0.7707 10Sweden 0.7695 11Kazakhstan 0.7633 12Philippines 0.7611 13Gambia, The 0.7588 14Ghana 0.7577 15Finland 0.7566 16Lithuania 0.7555 17Iceland 0.7540 18Jamaica 0.7535 19Singapore 0.7527 20Latvia 0.7516 21Luxembourg 0.7507 22Denmark 0.7438 23Australia 0.7428 24Ireland 0.7409 25Brunei Darussalam 0.7404 26Namibia 0.7386 27Russian Federation 0.7360 28Botswana 0.7359 29Switzerland 0.7267 30Netherlands 0.7230 31Slovenia 0.7229 32Vietnam 0.7212 33United Kingdom 0.7210 34Estonia 0.7193 35Thailand 0.7160 36Germany 0.7138 37Trinidad and Tobago 0.7120 38Belgium 0.7097 39Tajikistan 0.7087 40Romania 0.7081 41Uganda 0.7075 42Ukraine 0.7074 43Malawi 0.6979 44Colombia 0.6941 45China 0.6927 46Panama 0.6925 47Hungary 0.6894 48Israel 0.6883 49Bulgaria 0.6843 50Albania 0.6808 51Kyrgyz Republic 0.6796 52Macedonia 0.6775 53Georgia 0.6751 54South Africa 0.6727 55Portugal 0.6723 56Tanzania 0.6710 57Madagascar 0.6708 58Armenia 0.6690 59France 0.6610 60Croatia 0.6606 61Uruguay 0.6566 62Poland 0.6526 63Dominican Republic 0.6516 64Senegal 0.6439 65Brazil 0.6431 66Zimbabwe 0.6397 67

*New country 2010

Country Score Rank

Cambodia 0.6383 68Burkina Faso 0.6383 69Slovakia 0.6375 70Paraguay 0.6373 71Belize 0.6362 72Azerbaijan 0.6352 73Ethiopia 0.6316 74Cyprus 0.6300 75Angola 0.6296 76Chad 0.6265 77Spain 0.6240 78Greece 0.6209 79Czech Republic 0.6205 80Peru 0.6201 81Kenya 0.6151 82Venezuela 0.6145 83Cuba 0.6092 84Benin 0.6049 85Nigeria 0.6044 86Argentina 0.6024 87Zambia 0.6011 88Sri Lanka 0.6008 89Ecuador 0.5985 90Bolivia 0.5957 91Austria 0.5952 92Guyana 0.5915 93Nicaragua 0.5915 94Maldives 0.5907 95Honduras 0.5904 96Italy 0.5893 97Costa Rica 0.5787 98Malaysia 0.5765 99Indonesia 0.5750 100Japan 0.5718 101El Salvador 0.5534 102Mauritius 0.5491 103Malta 0.5428 104Cameroon 0.5414 105Côte d’Ivoire* 0.5390 106Kuwait 0.5369 107Chile 0.5338 108Guatemala 0.5280 109Mexico 0.5212 110Korea, Rep. 0.5203 111Nepal 0.5174 112Mali 0.5137 113Fiji 0.4983 114Bahrain 0.4967 115Qatar 0.4829 116Bangladesh 0.4732 117Mauritania 0.4668 118Algeria 0.4666 119United Arab Emirates 0.4605 120Egypt 0.4530 121Tunisia 0.4501 122Suriname 0.4495 123Lebanon* 0.4483 124Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.4257 125Jordan 0.4225 126Morocco 0.4077 127India 0.4025 128Oman 0.4003 129Syria 0.3980 130Turkey 0.3856 131Saudi Arabia 0.3351 132Pakistan 0.3059 133Yemen 0.1951 134

Country Score Rank

Australia 1.0000 1Bahamas 1.0000 1Barbados 1.0000 1Botswana 1.0000 1Cuba 1.0000 1Czech Republic 1.0000 1Denmark 1.0000 1Dominican Republic 1.0000 1France 1.0000 1Iceland 1.0000 1Ireland 1.0000 1Latvia 1.0000 1Lesotho 1.0000 1Luxembourg 1.0000 1Malta 1.0000 1New Zealand 1.0000 1Norway 1.0000 1Philippines 1.0000 1Slovakia 1.0000 1United Kingdom 1.0000 1United States 1.0000 1Uruguay 1.0000 1Ukraine 0.9996 23Nicaragua 0.9996 24Kazakhstan 0.9994 25Armenia 0.9994 26Russian Federation 0.9994 26Finland 0.9993 28Poland 0.9992 29Honduras 0.9991 30Venezuela 0.9991 31Belize 0.9987 32Guyana 0.9980 33Namibia 0.9979 34Canada 0.9977 35Slovenia 0.9977 36United Arab Emirates 0.9977 37Estonia 0.9967 38Netherlands 0.9966 39Spain 0.9964 40Sweden 0.9964 41Chile 0.9963 42South Africa 0.9962 43Colombia 0.9956 44Paraguay 0.9955 45Costa Rica 0.9954 46Argentina 0.9953 47Kyrgyz Republic 0.9953 48Italy 0.9948 49Trinidad and Tobago 0.9947 50Germany 0.9945 51Albania 0.9942 52Croatia 0.9939 53Greece 0.9935 54Panama 0.9934 55Brunei Darussalam 0.9931 56Sri Lanka 0.9926 57Bulgaria 0.9925 58Mongolia 0.9919 59Bahrain 0.9915 60Mexico 0.9910 61Belgium 0.9909 62Brazil 0.9904 63Hungary 0.9900 64Malaysia 0.9899 65Moldova 0.9898 66Maldives 0.9896 67

Country Score Rank

Lithuania 0.9894 68Portugal 0.9890 69Fiji 0.9889 70Switzerland 0.9889 71Macedonia 0.9888 72Romania 0.9887 73Qatar 0.9887 74Austria 0.9886 75Mauritius 0.9882 76Cyprus 0.9879 77Ecuador 0.9879 78El Salvador 0.9876 79Israel 0.9874 80Jordan 0.9869 81Japan 0.9860 82Kuwait 0.9858 83Thailand 0.9855 84Suriname 0.9852 85Jamaica 0.9849 86Georgia 0.9813 87China 0.9810 88Peru 0.9796 89Oman 0.9784 90Lebanon* 0.9773 91Saudi Arabia 0.9739 92Azerbaijan 0.9671 93Tunisia 0.9662 94Indonesia 0.9640 95Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.9594 96Bolivia 0.9592 97Madagascar 0.9591 98Algeria 0.9530 99Korea, Rep. 0.9466 100Guatemala 0.9453 101Kenya 0.9396 102Singapore 0.9375 103Syria 0.9363 104Zimbabwe 0.9332 105Vietnam 0.9242 106Uganda 0.9218 107Bangladesh 0.9139 108Turkey 0.9123 109Egypt 0.8987 110Ghana 0.8915 111Malawi 0.8894 112Tajikistan 0.8817 113Tanzania 0.8716 114Cambodia 0.8655 115Morocco 0.8607 116Cameroon 0.8585 117Mauritania 0.8526 118Zambia 0.8472 119India 0.8369 120Gambia, The 0.8288 121Senegal 0.8208 122Mozambique 0.8136 123Nigeria 0.8072 124Angola 0.7854 125Nepal 0.7806 126Pakistan 0.7698 127Burkina Faso 0.7485 128Ethiopia 0.7003 129Côte d’Ivoire* 0.6923 130Mali 0.6794 131Yemen 0.6567 132Benin 0.6457 133Chad 0.5091 134

ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION AND OPPORTUNITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

(Cont’d.)


Table 5: Rankings by subindex, 2010 (cont’d.)

Country Score Rank

Angola 0.9796 1Argentina 0.9796 1Bahamas 0.9796 1Barbados 0.9796 1Belize 0.9796 1Brazil 0.9796 1Cambodia 0.9796 1Chile 0.9796 1Côte d’Ivoire* 0.9796 1Croatia 0.9796 1El Salvador 0.9796 1Fiji 0.9796 1Finland 0.9796 1France 0.9796 1Gambia, The 0.9796 1Guatemala 0.9796 1Jamaica 0.9796 1Japan 0.9796 1Kazakhstan 0.9796 1Kyrgyz Republic 0.9796 1Latvia 0.9796 1Lebanon* 0.9796 1Lesotho 0.9796 1Lithuania 0.9796 1Mauritania 0.9796 1Mauritius 0.9796 1Mexico 0.9796 1Moldova 0.9796 1Mongolia 0.9796 1Philippines 0.9796 1Slovakia 0.9796 1Sri Lanka 0.9796 1Thailand 0.9796 1Trinidad and Tobago 0.9796 1Uganda 0.9796 1Uruguay 0.9796 1Venezuela 0.9796 1Czech Republic 0.9792 38United States 0.9792 38Bulgaria 0.9791 40Colombia 0.9791 40Russian Federation 0.9791 40Guyana 0.9789 43Austria 0.9787 44Belgium 0.9787 44Poland 0.9785 46Canada 0.9784 47Germany 0.9784 47Hungary 0.9779 49Estonia 0.9773 50Romania 0.9773 50Egypt 0.9768 52Honduras 0.9762 53Saudi Arabia 0.9762 53Mali 0.9761 55Ukraine 0.9761 56Ecuador 0.9758 57Nicaragua 0.9758 57Paraguay 0.9758 57Syria 0.9756 60Oman 0.9755 61Turkey 0.9755 61Slovenia 0.9755 63Spain 0.9755 63Panama 0.9753 65Costa Rica 0.9747 66Luxembourg 0.9743 67

Country Score Rank

Denmark 0.9743 68Cuba 0.9743 69Suriname 0.9742 70Portugal 0.9742 71Malta 0.9741 72Australia 0.9739 73Switzerland 0.9738 74Ethiopia 0.9737 75Malaysia 0.9736 76Senegal 0.9734 77Madagascar 0.9732 78Korea, Rep. 0.9730 79Sweden 0.9729 80Yemen 0.9727 81Bolivia 0.9719 82Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.9714 83Greece 0.9712 84Morocco 0.9712 85Dominican Republic 0.9711 86Jordan 0.9706 87Cyprus 0.9701 88Ireland 0.9700 89United Kingdom 0.9698 90Israel 0.9697 91Netherlands 0.9697 91New Zealand 0.9697 91Norway 0.9697 91Italy 0.9697 95Iceland 0.9696 96Zambia 0.9690 97Burkina Faso 0.9685 98Malawi 0.9683 99Singapore 0.9677 100Kenya 0.9677 101South Africa 0.9677 101Ghana 0.9674 103Namibia 0.9671 104Indonesia 0.9663 105Algeria 0.9661 106Brunei Darussalam 0.9658 107Peru 0.9658 107Tunisia 0.9623 109Bahrain 0.9612 110Benin 0.9612 110Cameroon 0.9612 110Chad 0.9612 110Kuwait 0.9612 110Maldives 0.9612 110Mozambique 0.9612 110Nepal 0.9612 110Tanzania 0.9612 110United Arab Emirates 0.9612 110Nigeria 0.9607 120Tajikistan 0.9559 121Bangladesh 0.9557 122Pakistan 0.9557 122Macedonia 0.9551 124Botswana 0.9549 125Qatar 0.9522 126Vietnam 0.9469 127Zimbabwe 0.9458 128Georgia 0.9441 129Armenia 0.9370 130Albania 0.9370 131India 0.9312 132China 0.9290 133Azerbaijan 0.9287 134

Country Score Rank

Iceland 0.6748 1Finland 0.5686 2Norway 0.5614 3Sweden 0.4706 4Spain 0.4258 5Sri Lanka 0.4103 6Ireland 0.3985 7New Zealand 0.3792 8South Africa 0.3773 9Denmark 0.3695 10Mozambique 0.3455 11Bangladesh 0.3378 12Switzerland 0.3352 13Costa Rica 0.3287 14Germany 0.3251 15Belgium 0.3244 16Philippines 0.3212 17Cuba 0.3176 18Nicaragua 0.3037 19Argentina 0.2976 20Chile 0.2957 21United Kingdom 0.2933 22India 0.2913 23Angola 0.2901 24Netherlands 0.2883 25Austria 0.2742 26Guyana 0.2674 27Ecuador 0.2665 28Uganda 0.2586 29Trinidad and Tobago 0.2549 30Latvia 0.2404 31Portugal 0.2328 32Tanzania 0.2280 33Lesotho 0.2128 34Honduras 0.2052 35Canada 0.1959 36Peru 0.1926 37Namibia 0.1918 38Australia 0.1917 39United States 0.1861 40Poland 0.1843 41Greece 0.1773 42Macedonia 0.1769 43Nepal 0.1743 44Malawi 0.1742 45Bolivia 0.1735 46France 0.1695 47Panama 0.1677 48Luxembourg 0.1673 49Mauritania 0.1621 50Malta 0.1611 51Pakistan 0.1545 52Suriname 0.1539 53Italy 0.1523 54Venezuela 0.1521 55China 0.1495 56Croatia 0.1417 57Indonesia 0.1407 58Czech Republic 0.1403 59United Arab Emirates 0.1394 60Mexico 0.1390 61Gambia, The 0.1377 62Israel 0.1375 63Bulgaria 0.1372 64Kyrgyz Republic 0.1347 65Lithuania 0.1283 66Tunisia 0.1278 67

.Country Score Rank

Senegal 0.1274 68Moldova 0.1240 69Slovenia 0.1229 70Uruguay 0.1227 71Vietnam 0.1182 72El Salvador 0.1178 73Estonia 0.1138 74Paraguay 0.1129 75Zimbabwe 0.1110 76Burkina Faso 0.1098 77Cambodia 0.1095 78Singapore 0.1076 79Barbados 0.1037 80Mali 0.1026 81Ethiopia 0.1021 82Colombia 0.1018 83Zambia 0.0999 84Russian Federation 0.0999 85Korea, Rep. 0.0969 86Jamaica 0.0967 87Ghana 0.0961 88Slovakia 0.0941 89Tajikistan 0.0929 90Mauritius 0.0909 91Dominican Republic 0.0870 92Cameroon 0.0829 93Thailand 0.0829 94Madagascar 0.0821 95Kazakhstan 0.0799 96Albania 0.0785 97Kenya 0.0774 98Turkey 0.0769 99Benin 0.0757 100Japan 0.0722 101Cyprus 0.0690 102Morocco 0.0671 103Côte d’Ivoire* 0.0655 104Ukraine 0.0645 105Armenia 0.0621 106Syria 0.0603 107Botswana 0.0597 108Romania 0.0562 109Malaysia 0.0517 110Nigeria 0.0497 111Brazil 0.0488 112Azerbaijan 0.0473 113Kuwait 0.0435 114Bahamas 0.0430 115Guatemala 0.0423 116Jordan 0.0394 117Maldives 0.0392 118Georgia 0.0388 119Bahrain 0.0376 120Fiji 0.0358 121Chad 0.0352 122Algeria 0.0350 123Mongolia 0.0317 124Egypt 0.0311 125Hungary 0.0309 126Lebanon* 0.0283 127Oman 0.0256 128Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0165 129Yemen 0.0165 130Belize 0.0000 131Brunei Darussalam 0.0000 131Qatar 0.0000 131Saudi Arabia 0.0000 131

HEALTH AND SURVIVAL POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT

economic outcomes gap and only 18% of the politicaloutcomes gap has been closed.

Table 4 shows the rankings of countries by incomegroup and Table 5 shows the rankings of countries bysubindex. Table B2 in Appendix B displays the incomegroup categories used. In 2010, in the high-income group,the Nordic countries lead the way; in the upper-middle-income group, South Africa and Cuba rank highest; in thelower-middle-income group, Lesotho and the Philippinescome out on top; and in the lower-income group,Mozambique and Uganda are the strongest performers. In2010, 22 countries have fully closed the gap on education-al attainment, compared with 25 countries in 2009, 24 in2008 and 15 in 2007. Thirty-seven countries have closedthe gap on health and survival, compared with 37 in 2009,36 in 2008 and 32 in 2007. Among these, 8 countries haveclosed the gap on both subindexes.

Regional trendsTable 6 displays the rankings within each regional category.In Europe, the Nordic countries again come out on top;in North America, the United States now leads the way. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago,Cuba, Costa Rica and Argentina are among the best per-formers. In the Middle East and North Africa, Israel holdsthe top position; in the Arab World, the United ArabEmirates leads the way, followed by Kuwait, Tunisia andBahrain. In Asia and the Pacific, New Zealand, thePhilippines, Sri Lanka and Australia are ranked highest. In

sub-Saharan Africa, Lesotho, South Africa and Namibiahold the highest positions. Figure 2 displays the regionalperformance on the overall Index score, while Figures 3through 6 display regional performance on each of thefour subindexes.9 All scores were weighted by populationto produce the regional averages. Table B1 in Appendix Bdisplays the regional categories used.10 In the overall Indexscores, North America holds the top spot, followed closelyby Europe and Central Asia. Both regions have closed over70% of the gender gap. They are followed by LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa; these regions have closed between 60%and 70% of the gender gap. Finally, the Middle East andNorth Africa region occupies the last place, having closeda little over 58% of its gender gap.

Top 10The four Nordic countries that have consistently held thehighest positions in previous editions of the GlobalGender Gap Index continue to hold these privileged posi-tions, but the top rankings have been reallocated again thisyear. Iceland (1) still holds the top spot while Norway (2)takes back 2nd place from Finland (3). Iceland shows furthergains in the area of political empowerment because of anincrease in the number of women ministers, a near gender-balanced parliament and the continued tenure of a femaleprime minister. Iceland continues to hold 1st position onboth educational attainment and political empowerment,and women’s labour force participation in Iceland is


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Figure 2: Regional performance on the Global Gender Gap Index 2010

Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2010; details of regional classifications in Appendix B.

among the highest in the world. However, there is still asignificant difference between men’s and women’s salariesin Iceland. The extensive preschool and day-care systemprovided by most municipalities, a legal right for parentsto return to their jobs after childbirth and a generousparental leave system are major contributors to Iceland’sranking. In March 2010 the Icelandic parliament adopteda legislative reform to promote gender equality on theboards of publicly owned companies and public limitedcompanies having at least 50 employees; these companiesmust have at least 40% of both genders represented ontheir boards by September 2013. Moreover, companieswith 25 or more employees are required to disclose thenumber of men and women employed as well as the number of men and women in management positions.

Norway moves to the 2nd spot due to small improve-ments on labour force participation of women (from 75%to 76%), on the perception of wage equality and on theestimated earned income. Finland improves relative to itsown score in 2009 but Norway’s greater relative advanceputs it further ahead in this year’s rankings.

Sweden (4) completes the Nordic countries’ sustaineddominance of the top four. With an impressive score,Sweden held the number one spot in 2006 and 2007, butsince its gap has remained either unchanged or widenedslightly over the last three years, it has fallen behind. Theremaining Nordic country—Denmark (7)—continues tohold a place among the top 10 and its score remainsunchanged, rounding off the Nordic countries’ record astop performers. While no country has yet achieved gender


Table 6: Rankings by region, 2010

ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Country Score Rank

New Zealand 0.7808 5Philippines 0.7654 9Sri Lanka 0.7458 16Australia 0.7271 23Mongolia 0.7194 27Singapore 0.6914 56Thailand 0.6910 57China 0.6881 61Vietnam 0.6776 72Brunei Darussalam 0.6748 77Bangladesh 0.6702 82Indonesia 0.6615 87Japan 0.6524 94Cambodia 0.6482 97Malaysia 0.6479 98Maldives 0.6452 99Korea Rep. 0.6342 104Fiji 0.6256 108India 0.6155 112Nepal 0.6084 115Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.5933 123Pakistan 0.5465 132

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

Country Score Rank

Iceland 0.8496 1Norway 0.8404 2Finland 0.8260 3Sweden 0.8024 4Ireland 0.7773 6Denmark 0.7719 7Switzerland 0.7562 10Spain 0.7554 11Germany 0.7530 13Belgium 0.7509 14United Kingdom 0.7460 15Netherlands 0.7444 17Latvia 0.7429 18Luxembourg 0.7231 26Portugal 0.7171 32Moldova 0.7160 34Lithuania 0.7132 35Austria 0.7091 37Kazakhstan 0.7055 41Slovenia 0.7047 42Poland 0.7037 43Russian Federation 0.7036 45France 0.7025 46Estonia 0.7018 47Macedonia 0.6996 49Bulgaria 0.6983 50Kyrgyz Rep. 0.6973 51Croatia 0.6939 53Greece 0.6908 58Ukraine 0.6869 63Czech Republic 0.6850 65Romania 0.6826 67Slovak Republic 0.6778 71Italy 0.6765 74Albania 0.6726 78Hungary 0.6720 79Malta 0.6695 83Armenia 0.6669 84Cyprus 0.6642 86Georgia 0.6598 88Tajikistan 0.6598 89Azerbaijan 0.6446 100Turkey 0.5876 126

LATIN AMERICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN

Country Score Rank

Trinidad and Tobago 0.7353 21Cuba 0.7253 24Costa Rica 0.7194 28Argentina 0.7187 29Nicaragua 0.7176 30Barbados 0.7176 31Bahamas 0.7128 36Guyana 0.7090 38Panama 0.7072 39Ecuador 0.7072 40Jamaica 0.7037 44Chile 0.7013 48Honduras 0.6927 54Colombia 0.6927 55Uruguay 0.6897 59Peru 0.6895 60Venezuela 0.6863 64Paraguay 0.6804 69Dominican Republic 0.6774 73Bolivia 0.6751 76Brazil 0.6655 85El Salvador 0.6596 90Mexico 0.6577 91Belize 0.6536 93Suriname 0.6407 102Guatemala 0.6238 109

equality, all of the Nordic countries, with the exception ofDenmark, have closed over 80% of the gender gap andthus serve as models and useful benchmarks for interna-tional comparisons. While many global indexes tend to betied to income levels, thus providing an advantage to therich Nordic economies, the Global Gender Gap Index isdisassociated from the income and resource level of aneconomy and instead seeks to measure how equitably theavailable income, resources and opportunities are distrib-uted between women and men. Despite this feature of theIndex, these countries emerge as top performers and trueleaders on gender equality.

All Nordic countries reached 99–100% literacy forboth sexes several decades ago and display gender parity atboth primary- and secondary-level education. At the terti-ary level, in addition to very high levels of enrolment forboth women and men, the gender gap has been reversedand women now make up the majority of the high-skilledworkforce. In Norway, Sweden and Iceland there are over1.5 women for every man enrolled in tertiary education,and in Finland and Denmark women also make up themajority of those in tertiary education. The Nordic coun-tries also exhibit very high healthy life expectancies forboth women and men, with women living on averagethree to four healthy years longer than men.

While many developed economies have succeeded inclosing the gender gap in education, few have succeededin maximizing the returns from this investment. TheNordic countries are leaders in this area—all five countries

feature in the top 30 of the economic participation andopportunity subindex. This occurs because of a combina-tion of factors: the labour force participation rates forwomen are among the highest in the world; salary gapsbetween women and men are among the lowest in theworld, although not non-existent; and women have abun-dant opportunities to rise to positions of leadership. Thesepatterns vary across the Nordic countries, but on thewhole these economies have made it possible for parentsto combine work and family, resulting in high female par-ticipation rates, more shared participation in childcare,more equitable distribution of labour at home, betterwork-life balance for both women and men and in somecases a boost to declining fertility rates. Policies applied inthese countries include mandatory paternal leave in com-bination with maternity leave, generous federally mandat-ed parental leave benefits provided by a combination ofsocial insurance funds and employers, tax incentives andpost-maternity re-entry programmes. Together these poli-cies have also led to relatively higher and rising birth ratesoccurring simultaneously with high female workforce par-ticipation in the Nordic countries, as compared with thesituation in other OECD economies such as Germany,Japan, Italy and Spain where both birth rates and partici-pation are lower. The Nordic experience points to fewerproblems with ageing in the future, as well as higherlabour activity and a more robust economy. Finally therehas also been success with a top-down approach to pro-moting women’s leadership—in Norway, publicly listed


,Table 6: Rankings by region 2010

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Country Score Rank

Israel 0.6957 52United Arab Emirates 0.6397 103Kuwait 0.6318 105Tunisia 0.6266 107Bahrain 0.6217 110Mauritania 0.6152 113Lebanon* 0.6084 116Qatar 0.6059 117Algeria 0.6052 119Jordan 0.6048 120Oman 0.5950 122Syria 0.5926 124Egypt 0.5899 125Morocco 0.5767 127Saudi Arabia 0.5713 129Yemen 0.4603 134

NORTH AMERICA

Country Score Rank

United States 0.7411 19Canada 0.7372 20

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Country Score Rank

Lesotho 0.7678 8South Africa 0.7535 12Mozambique 0.7329 22Namibia 0.7238 25Uganda 0.7169 33Botswana 0.6876 62Tanzania 0.6829 66Malawi 0.6824 68Ghana 0.6782 70Gambia, The 0.6762 75Madagascar 0.6713 80Angola 0.6712 81Zimbabwe 0.6574 92Mauritius 0.6520 95Kenya 0.6499 96Senegal 0.6414 101Zambia 0.6293 106Burkina Faso 0.6162 111Cameroon 0.6110 114Nigeria 0.6055 118Ethiopia 0.6019 121Benin 0.5719 128Cote d'Ivoire* 0.5691 130Mali 0.5680 131Chad 0.5330 133


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Figure 3: Regional performance on the economic participation and opportunity subindex

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Figure 5: Regional performance on the health and survival subindex


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companies are required to have 40% of each sex on theirboards since 2008 and other countries are adopting similarmeasures.

The Nordic countries were early starters in providingwomen with the right to vote (Sweden in 1919, Norwayin 1913, Iceland and Denmark in 1915, Finland in 1906).In Denmark, Sweden and Norway, political parties intro-duced voluntary gender quotas in the 1970s, resulting inhigh levels of female political representatives over theyears. In Denmark, in fact, this quota has since been aban-doned as no further stimulus is required. Today, Swedenhas among the highest percentage of women in parliamentin the world (47%) while the other Nordic countries arealso successful in this respect. These countries have a simi-larly strong record on the percentage of women in minis-terial level positions (Iceland 45%, Norway 53%, Finland63%, Sweden 45% and Denmark 42%).

New Zealand (5) retains its privileged position in therankings while showing an absolute decrease in scores foreconomic participation, political empowerment andhealth. Ireland (6) improves its performance relative to itsown score in previous years and also gains two spots in therankings. Lesotho (8), which gains two places, is onceagain the only country in sub-Saharan Africa to have nogap in both education and health. Lesotho holds the 1stplace on the literacy rate and secondary enrolment indica-tors. It is also the highest-ranking country among the 134countries on the economic participation subindex. Thefemale estimated earned income increases this year, whereasmen’s estimated earned income decreases compared to last year’s data. The Philippines (9) remains the highest-ranking country from Asia in the Index. It ranks 1st onboth education and health and is also a very strong per-former on economic participation (13) and politicalempowerment (17). The Philippines is the only country in Asia this year to have closed the gender gap on botheducation and health, and is among only eight countries in the world to have done so.

Switzerland (10) moves up three places to enter thetop 10 ranking for the first time in the five years that theIndex has been in existence. Over the past five years, it hasmade fairly steady progression up the ranks, from 40th to10th place, mainly because of a greater representation ofwomen in parliament and in the government. While it isnot covered in this year’s Report (our data are from July), asof the elections held in September 2010, Switzerland has amajority female cabinet, brushing aside Switzerland’s his-tory as one of Europe’s last nations to grant women fullsuffrage. The result puts Switzerland alongside Finland,Norway, Spain and Cape Verde as countries identified bythe Inter-Parliamentary Union as having a majority ofwomen in government. However, there is still someprogress to be made regarding the equity between womenand men in professional life: wage disparities remain a sig-nificant cause for concern, maternity leave policies inSwitzerland are among the least generous in Europe,

women are rarely found on Swiss corporate boards andthey hold far fewer senior management positions thanmen.11

Europe and Central AsiaSeven European countries are among the 10 highest-ranked countries in the world, as noted in the sectionabove, and 13 are among the top 20. Following the Nordiccountries, Ireland and Switzerland, these include Spain(11), Germany (13), Belgium (14), the United Kingdom(15), the Netherlands (17) and Latvia (18).

Spain moves up six places in the overall report rank-ings, improving its scores across all subindexes to regainthe same overall position it held in 2006. It records somesmall gains in the category of women’s economic partici-pation and opportunity (increases in female labour forceparticipation, wage equality and estimated earned income,as well as in the numbers of female professional and tech-nical workers). Spain’s strengths include the number ofwomen in ministerial positions, an area where Spain isamong the countries with the highest percentage out ofthe 134 countries covered. However, Spain still rankstowards the very bottom on wage equality, assuming 117thposition. Improvements to Spain’s performance in terms ofwomen’s economic participation may be expected in thefuture following the recent introduction of a law that obli-gates all companies with more than 250 employees to cre-ate gender equality plans and the largest companies tohave 40-percent female boards of directors by 2015. Thenew law also grants 15 days’ paternity leave to newfathers. In addition, women must take up at least 40 per-cent of the lists of candidates that parties field in elections,under the new law.

Germany follows next at 13th place. There areimprovements in labour force participation of women(69% to 71%), perceptions of wage equality, estimatedearned income and the percentage of women in parlia-ment. Despite these gains, Germany falls in the rankingsfor the fifth consecutive year, as other countries haveimproved by a larger margin.

Belgium moves up to 14th position because ofimprovements across all four subindexes. Within thesubindex on economic participation and opportunity,there are slight increases in women’s labour force partici-pation and in wage equality, accompanied by a largerincrease in women’s estimated earned income. There isalso an improvement in women’s political empower-ment—this advance is caused primarily by a change ingovernment, which led to a 10% increase in the numberof female ministers. During the period covered by theReport, there has also been a 4% increase in the number offemale parliamentarians. The United Kingdom is next,holding firmly onto its position of 15th place. The UnitedKingdom is followed by the Netherlands, which slipsdown six places to 17th position and by Latvia, whichloses four places to occupy the 18th spot.


Next in the region’s rankings is Luxembourg (26),gaining several places because of an improvement in thecategory of estimated earned income, where both womenand men have crossed the US$ 40,000 benchmark. Whilethere is a slight decrease (5%) among the numbers offemale members of parliament, there is a small increase inthe proportion of women ministers. Portugal (32) reversesits downward trend of the past few years to move up to32nd place from 46th last year, primarily due to gains inlabour force participation and women in ministerial levelpositions. Next in the rankings for the region areMoldova (34), Lithuania (35), Austria (37) andKazakhstan (41).

Slovenia follows in 42nd position, gaining 10 placesrelative to last year’s rankings. This boost is mostly theresult of improved performance in the health and survivalcategory (an increase in female life expectancy), as well asin the political empowerment subindex (an increase in thenumber of female ministers). There is also a small increasein the ratio of female-to-male ministers in parliament,although women are still severely under-represented inthis area. Poland comes next at 43 (up seven places fromlast year), closely followed by the Russian Federation(45), which moves up six places in the overall Index.While the Russian Federation slips from 24th to 28thplace in terms of economic participation, it remains astrong performer in this area. Over the last five years therehave also been improvements in the proportion of womenin parliament and in ministerial level positions.

France slips down to 46th place on the Index (a lossof 28 places since last year, approaching close to its 2007level). This drop is mainly because of its poor performanceacross the subindex of women’s political empowerment,with France slipping from 16th place to 47th on this vari-able. The evidence reveals that gender disparities in Frenchpolitics remain persistent, despite legislation that mandatesan equal number of men and women candidates on politi-cal party lists. During 2008–09, following PresidentSarkozy’s entry into government, there was a highly publi-cized rise in the number of women holding ministerialpositions. However, during the period covered by thisyear’s Report, two of these female ministers have departedthe cabinet while the overall size of the cabinet has grown,leading to a considerable change in proportion. There is,however, a very slight increase in the numbers of womenin the parliament since last year, and small gains in femalerepresentation are seen in the categories of legislators, sen-ior officials, and managers (France ranks 20th overall inthis category), as well as among professional and technicalworkers. However, women are still under-represented atmanagement level and these discrepancies in the work-place have fomented a debate about whether to enforcegender quotas. Over the last three years, there has alsobeen an increasing perception that French women do notearn the same salary as men for similar work. At 127th

position, France now ranks near the very bottom on thisindicator.

Estonia falls 10 places, to 47th place overall. Its rank-ings are significantly lower this year on the health and sur-vival subindex as well as the political empowermentsubindex. However, there is an increase in the number offemale legislators, senior officials and managers, and wageequality also advances by a small amount, although Estoniastill has one of the widest gender pay gaps in the EuropeanUnion (EU) area and ranks 87th on this indicator.

Macedonia, FYR (49) follows next, gaining fourplaces. At 50th place, Bulgaria ranks as the lowest upper-middle-income country and drops 12 places relative to lastyear. Kyrgyz Republic (51) and Croatia (53) follow inthe rankings. Greece (58) moves up 27 places from 85thplace last year. The number of female legislators, seniorofficials and managers increases slightly, but the mostmarked improvements are in the numbers of female pro-fessional and technical workers—with Greece almostachieving gender parity—and in the area of politicalempowerment, with an increase in the number of womenholding ministerial positions and an accompanyingincrease in the number of female parliamentarians.

Ukraine (63), Czech Republic (65), Romania (67),Slovakia (71), Italy (74) and Albania (78) follow next.Italy continues to be one of the lowest-ranking countriesin the EU and deteriorates further over the last year.Hungary (79) slips 14 places this year. The most noticeabledrop for Hungary is in the area of political empowerment,with the proportion of women ministers falling from 21%to 0%. At 83rd place, Malta is among the lowest-rankedEU countries in the overall rankings. Armenia comes nextand gains six places to take the 84th spot in the rankings.It is closely followed by Cyprus (86), Georgia (88) andTajikistan (89), all of which fall in this year’s rankings.

Azerbaijan falls 11 places to take the 100th positionin the Index. While there is a small increase in the female-to-male ratio for labour force participation, perceivedwage equality decreases and estimated earned income alsofalls. Finally, Turkey rounds up the rankings for Europeand Central Asia, moving up three places from last year toassume the 126th position. With a labour force participa-tion rate of 26%, with women’s wages only about a quar-ter of men’s wages and with only 10% women in legisla-tive, senior official and managerial positions, Turkey willneed to consider better integration of its female humancapital, particularly as women begin to make up almost80% of university-level students.

North AmericaThe United States (19) makes a leap in the rankings thisyear, up from the 31st place in 2009 to enter the top 20for the first time. The United States has a demonstratedstrength in educational attainment, with very high levels ofliteracy for both women and men and very high levels ofwomen’s enrolment in primary, secondary and tertiary


education, with women outstripping men in tertiary-leveleducation. The United States places 6th in the world interms of economic participation and opportunity. Women’slabour force participation stands at 68% while men’s is80%. While new data show an increase in the female estimated earned income—up from US$ 25,613 to US$ 34,996 (PPP)—leading to some of the increase in the US ranking, the perceived wage inequality for similarwork remains high, placing the United States at 64th inthe world on this variable. Another core strength of theUnited States is the prominent numbers of women in legislative, senior official and managerial positions as wellprofessional and technical worker positions. While politicalempowerment has not been a key strength of the UnitedStates in previous years, there have been some gains in thepercentage of women in ministerial level positions in thecurrent administration, up from 24% to 33%.

Canada (20) gains five places in the rankings andshows improvement on all four subindexes. Like theUnited States, Canada’s strength lies in educational attain-ment and economic participation. Women’s labour forceparticipation rate is 75% while men’s is 83%. The estimat-ed earned income gap places Canada at 33rd in the worldfor this indicator; the perception of the wage gap for simi-lar work places Canada at 18th in the world for this vari-able. Thirty-six percent of legislators, senior officials andmanagers and 57% of professional and technical workerspositions are occupied by women.

Latin America and the CaribbeanThirteen countries in the Latin America and Caribbeanregion have fully closed their gender gaps in the heath andsurvival subindex, and five countries have fully closed gapsin educational attainment. The remaining gaps are thusmost concentrated in the economic participation andpolitical empowerment subindexes.

Once again, Trinidad and Tobago (21) holds thehighest spot in the region, supported in particular by highproportions of women among legislators, senior officialsand managers (43%) as well as in professional and technicalworker positions (53%), and almost 30% women in parlia-ment and 34% women in ministerial positions. Cuba (24)holds the 2nd spot in the region, supported by very highlevels of enrolment in primary, secondary and tertiary edu-cation for both women and men, and 43% women in par-liament and almost 60% of professional and technicalworker positions are occupied by women.

Costa Rica (28) and Argentina (29) follow next.Argentina slips five spots in the rankings compared withlast year, driven by small losses in economic participationand political empowerment. Argentina’s strong points arehealth, near parity on education and a good performanceon political empowerment. However, economic participa-tion, particularly labour force participation, wage gaps andparticipation of women in senior positions remain weak-nesses.

Nicaragua (30), Barbados (31), Bahamas (36),Guyana (38), Panama (39), Ecuador (40) and Jamaica(44) follow next in the rankings. Chile (48) is the second-highest ranked of the region’s big economies, afterArgentina, gaining 16 places in the rankings since last year.Chile’s strengths lie in the area of political empowerment,driven particularly by the tenure of ex-President MichelleBachelet and a high proportion of women ministers, aswell as in educational attainment with near balanced education for both sexes. Chile also holds the top spot onhealth and survival. Chile’s main drawback is the contin-ued low levels of women’s labour force participation (47%for women as compared with 78% for men), low levels ofestimated earned income for women in comparison withmen and very low perceived wage equality.

Honduras (54), Colombia (55), Uruguay (59) andPeru (60) occupy the next four spots in the rankings.Venezuela (64) gains five places in the rankings relative to2009, followed by Paraguay (69), Dominican Republic(73) and Bolivia (76). While there is a slightly highernumber of women in ministerial positions in Venezuela,this is mainly offset by the losses in women’s labour forceparticipation. Venezuela’s main strengths lie in the areas ofeducational attainment and health.

Brazil (85) falls further in the rankings this year, from81st to 85th place, driven by small losses in education andpolitical empowerment as well as gains by other countriesin the relative rankings. Enrolment in primary educationfor girls, while high, remains below that of boys (93% forgirls compared with 95% for boys). Women’s labour forceparticipation, at 64%, is still well below that of men (85%).Women’s estimated earned income is a little under twothirds that of men (US$ 7,190 for women as comparedwith US$ 12,006 for men). The perception of wage equal-ity for similar work is among the worst in the world(123rd place) and has been decreasing steadily for the lastthree years. Finally, with women holding only 9% of par-liamentary positions and only 7% of ministerial level posi-tions, Brazil ranks very low on these indicators (108th and102nd, respectively). However, as this Report goes to print,Brazil may be on the verge of electing its first female pres-ident.

El Salvador (90), Mexico (91), Belize (93) andSuriname (102) occupy some of the last positions in theregion. Mexico gains seven places relative to last year, pri-marily because of the combined effect of small gains inwomen’s labour force participation (44% to 46%), estimat-ed earned income (US$ 7,311 to US$ 8,375) and enrol-ment in tertiary education (26% to 27%). However, withthe labour force participation rate of women still nearlyonly half that of men and a high wage gap, Mexicoremains towards the bottom of the rankings.

Guatemala (109), the lowest-ranking country in theLatin America and Caribbean region, remains disadvan-taged in the rankings because of a high gap on education,


low political empowerment and low labour force partici-pation.

Middle East and North AfricaIsrael (52) continues to hold the top spot in the MiddleEast and North African region, buoyed by a higher-than-average performance on the economic participation andopportunity subindex. However, Israel loses seven placesrelative to its position last year. There are small losses on allfour subindexes, driven particularly by a widening wagegap and a smaller proportion of women in ministerial levelpositions.

The United Arab Emirates (103) gains nine places toattain 1st position among the Arab countries. The labourforce participation rate of women has increased from 41%to 43% and the wage gap narrows relative to the US$40,000 maximum value for men. New data show that lit-eracy rates for women are now higher than those of men,there are small gains in primary, secondary and tertiaryenrolment data, and the proportion of women holdingministerial level positions has increased. Kuwait (105),Tunisia (107), Bahrain (110) and Mauritania (113) follownext in the rankings, favoured by higher-than-average per-formances on educational attainment. Compared with lastyear, Kuwait’s ranking does not change, Tunisia gains twospots and Bahrain gains six places. Bahrain’s improvementsare mainly driven by significant improvements in the pro-portion of women legislators, senior officials and managersand the proportion of women holding ministerial levelpositions. The highest-ranking economies of the regionhave invested large amounts of resources in increasingwomen’s education levels—in many, the tertiary educationenrolment rates of women are higher than those of men—and these countries will now need to better integratethese women into the economy to reap the benefits of thisinvestment.

Lebanon (116), Qatar (117), Algeria (119) andJordan (120) follow next in the rankings. Lebanon entersthe Index for the first time this year. While Lebanon per-forms well on health, it lags behind on the othersubindexes, in particular economic participation. Qatar’sstrength lies in education, although gains in labour forceparticipation and wage equality have boosted Qatar’s over-all ranking by eight places. Algeria loses two positions rela-tive to last year while Jordan falls seven places. While therehave been notable gains in labour force participation ofwomen in Jordan, new data show new estimates of earnedincome that place Jordan lower than previously reported.Jordan’s key strength continues to lie in the area of educa-tion where primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment ratesof girls are higher than those of boys

Oman (122), Syria (124), Egypt (125), Morocco(127), Saudi Arabia (129) and Yemen (134) occupy thebottom half of the region’s rankings. Egypt gains one spot relative to last year but continues to be one of thelowest-performing countries from the region on educa-

tional attainment. Saudi Arabia’s performance over the lastfive years puts it among the highest climbers of the 114countries that have been included in the Report since2006. Between 2009 and 2010, the labour force participa-tion rate of women has climbed from 20% to 22%, theperception of the wage gap for similar work has improved,literacy rates have improved and women’s enrolment intertiary education has increased from 35% to 37%. SaudiArabia remains the lowest-ranking country in the regionon political empowerment, with the lowest possible scoreof zero.

Finally, Yemen continues to occupy the last place inthe region as well as in the overall rankings of 134 coun-tries. It remains the only country in the world to haveclosed less than 50% of its gender gap, and it deterioratesfurther this year relative to its own performance in 2008.

Asia and the PacificNew Zealand (5) and the Philippines (9) lead the way inthe region and are the only two countries from the regionto hold places in the top 10 of the global rankings. SriLanka (16) is distinctive for being the only South Asiancountry in the top 20 for the fourth consecutive year. SriLanka’s performance remains steady as it maintains thesame rank as 2009. In addition to higher-than-averageperformance in education and health, Sri Lanka continuesto hold a privileged position regarding political empower-ment. Australia (23) follows next, driven by high levels ofeducation, economic participation and political empower-ment.12

The next places in the region are occupied byMongolia (27), Singapore (56) and Thailand (57). China(61) loses one place relative to last year from the combinedeffect of lower scores on labour force participation, per-ceived wage equality and the sex ratio at birth—down thisyear from 0.91 girls for every boy to 0.88 girls for everyboy. China becomes the second-last ranking country onthe health and survival subindex (133), the result of its dis-proportionate sex ratio at birth, which contributes toChina’s “missing women” phenomenon.13 China is fol-lowed by Vietnam (72) in the region’s rankings.

Brunei Darussalam (77), Bangladesh (82) andIndonesia (87) take the next spots in the rankings.Bangladesh is a leader in the region on political empower-ment, but it still has much progress to make on women’seconomic participation (particularly in high-skilled or sen-ior positions), on wage gaps, in women’s life expectancyand in women’s tertiary enrolment rates. Indonesia’s situa-tion is similar to that of Bangladesh, with higher-than-average levels of political empowerment but low scores onaspects of economic participation, educational attainmentand health.

Japan (94), Cambodia (97), Malaysia (98), Maldives(99), Korea (104) and Fiji (108) follow next in the rankings.Japan and Korea continue to be among the lowest-rankingOECD countries. Japan shows progress this year by gaining


seven places overall, driven by small increases on all fouraspects of the Index, in particular a rise in the estimatedearned income of women and the percentage of women inparliament. Women make up about 54% of those receivingtertiary education but only about 9% of those occupyingsenior leadership positions, indicating an inefficient use ofthe female talent available in the country. Korea also showsa strong upward movement in the rankings (rising from115 in 2009 to 104 in 2010 overall), driven primarily bygains in the female primary and tertiary enrolment ratesand increases in the proportion of women in parliamentand in ministerial level positions.

India (112), Nepal (115), the Islamic Republic ofIran (123) and Pakistan (132) occupy the last places inthe regional rankings. India and Pakistan perform aboveaverage on the political empowerment of women, particu-larly India, but lag behind in the other three categories. Inparticular, the persistent health, education and economicparticipation gaps will be detrimental to India’s growth;India is the lowest ranked of the BRIC economies fea-tured in the Index.

Sub-Saharan AfricaThe sub-Saharan Africa region performs well on the economic participation and opportunity subindex, rankingahead of Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and thePacific and the Middle East and North Africa. In fact, ofthe top 10 performers on the labour force participationgender gap indicator, six countries are from the region.However, poor enrolment rates and low levels of lifeexpectancy continue to pose major challenges. Lesotho (8)reassumes the top spot in the region after having lost it lastyear, and is once again the only country from the regionto have no gap in education and health. Lesotho is fol-lowed by South Africa (12) as the only other Africancountry in the top 20. Although South Africa holds thetop spot in the region on political empowerment, the per-centage of female ministers fell from 45% to 34% this year.Updated data from the World Health Organization regard-ing healthy life expectancy shows that the differencebetween female and male healthy life expectancy contin-ues to narrow. Mozambique (22) moves up in the rank-ings, gaining four places as female enrolment in secondaryschool increases from 2% to 6% and women’s percentagein parliament moves up from 35% to 39%. Mozambiqueholds the second-best position on the labour force partici-pation indicator overall. Namibia (25) moves up sevenplaces from 32nd place last year, followed by Uganda (33).Botswana (62) loses 23 places in the rankings in 2010,mainly because the latest data reveal a worsening gap inthe economic participation and opportunity subindex.However, Botswana, in addition to Lesotho, is one of twocountries from the region that has achieved gender parityon education. Botswana is followed in the rankings byTanzania (66) and Malawi (68).

Ghana (70) gains 10 places in the rankings this year.This is partly the result of an improvement in the healthand survival subindex and partly the result of an increasein the percentage of ministerial level positions held bywomen (from 16% to 22%). Gambia (75) holds the sameposition this year as last, despite a small improvement in itsscore relative to its performance last year. Madagascaroccupies the 80th position on the Index, followed byAngola (81). Zimbabwe (92) moves up three spots com-pared with last year’s rankings but continues to hold thelast position on the healthy life expectancy indicator, withwomen living two years less than men at an averagehealthy life expectancy of only 38 years. Mauritius (95),Kenya (96), Senegal (101) and Zambia (106) hold thenext spots in the region’s rankings.

Burkina Faso (111) moves up nine spots, driven bygains in economic, education and political empowerment.Cameroon holds the 114th position on the Index.Nigeria (118) falls 10 places in the rankings because of awidening gap in all four subindexes. Ethiopia holds the121st position in this year’s rankings and the last positionon the literacy rate indicator. In Benin (128), femalelabour force participation increases this year from 60% to69%, boosting its overall score. Côte d’Ivoire (130) entersthe Index for the first time this year. Mali (131) slipsdown four spots relative to its performance last year;improvements on the health and survival subindex wereoffset by a weaker performance in the economic participa-tion subindex. Mali is one of the three countries—alongwith Iran and Saudi Arabia—to have poor or no legisla-tion punishing acts of violence against women, accordingto the OECD. Chad (133) continues to occupy the lowestoverall position on the Index in the region and on theeducational attainment subindex.

The link with the economic performance of countriesThe most important determinant of a country’s competi-tiveness is its human talent—the skills, education and productivity of its workforce. And women account forone-half of the potential talent base throughout the world.While closing gender gaps is a matter of human rights andequity, it is also one of efficiency. Figure 7 shows a plot ofthe Global Gender Gap Index 2010 scores against theGlobal Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 scores andFigure 8 plots the Global Gender Gap Index 2010 scoresagainst GDP per capita. We have produced these twographs in all previous editions of the Report; both graphsonce again confirm a correlation between gender equalityand the level of competitiveness and GDP per capita. Thisyear we have added Figure 9, showing the relationshipbetween the Global Gender Gap Index and the HumanDevelopment Index to supplement the graphs linkinggender gaps with competitiveness and gender gaps withincome with a graph linking gender gaps to a measure ofhuman development.



Figure 7: Relationship between the Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 and the Global Gender Gap Index 2010

Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2010 and Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011.

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Figure 8: Relationship between GDP per capita and the Global Gender Gap Index 2010 scores

Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2010 and the World Bank's World dataBank: World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance, online database 2008,accessed July 2010.

Notes: Luxembourg is not visible on this graph as it is an outlier on the income dimension. Global Gender Gap Index scale has been truncated to enhance readability.

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The correlation is evident despite the fact that, asopposed to other gender indexes, the Global Gender GapIndex explicitly eliminates any direct impact of the absolutelevels of any of the variables (e.g., life expectancy, educa-tional attainment, labour force participation) on the Index.While correlation does not prove causality, it is consistentwith the theory and mounting evidence that empoweringwomen means a more efficient use of a nation’s humantalent. This theory is given further weight by the numerousstudies during the last decade that have confirmed thatreducing gender inequality enhances productivity and economic growth.

There are several interconnected areas that may serveas conduits for the demonstrated link between genderequality and productivity, growth and development.

• Girls’ education: Research demonstrates that investmentin girls’ education has significant multiplier effects: itreduces high fertility rates, lowers infant and childmortality rates, lowers maternal mortality rates, increaseswomen’s labour force participation rates and earningsand fosters educational investment in children.14 Theseoutcomes not only improve the quality of life, theyalso foster faster economic growth and development.A substantial body of literature has shown investing in girls’ education to be one of the highest-returninvestments that a developing economy can make.Out of the world’s 130 million out-of-school youth,70 percent are girls;15 even where there is parity inenrolment, there are discrepancies between the quality

of boys’ and girls’ education. Education remains thekey for many of the low-ranking countries covered inthis Report.

• Women’s labour force participation: According to recentresearch, a reduction in the male-female employmentgap has been an important driver of European eco-nomic growth in the last decade.16 Closing this gapwould have huge economic implications for devel-oped economies, boosting US GDP by as much as9%, euro zone GDP by as much as 13% and JapaneseGDP by as much as 16%. Greater economic opportu-nity for women in these countries could also play akey role in addressing the future problems posed byageing populations and mounting pension burdens.Moreover, in countries in which it is relatively easyfor women to combine work with having children,female employment and female fertility both tend tobe higher. A report by the United Nations Economicand Social Commission for Asia and the PacificCountries found that restricting job opportunities forwomen is costing the region between US$ 42 andUS$ 46 billion a year.17 Research by the World Bankdemonstrates that similar restrictions have alsoimposed massive costs throughout the Middle East,where decades of substantial investment have dramati-cally reduced the gender gap in education but thegender gap in economic opportunity remains thewidest in the world.


Figure 9: Relationship between the Human Development Index 2007 and the Global Gender Gap Index 2010

Source: UNDP, Human Development Report 2009 and Global Gender Gap Index 2010

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• Women as consumers: There is new research on thegrowing “power of the purse” and how this will beamong the drivers of growth in the post-crisis economy.The combined impact of growing gender equality, the emerging middle class and women’s spending pri-orities will lead to rising household savings rates andshifting spending patterns that are likely to benefitsectors such as food, healthcare, education, childcare,apparel, consumer durables and financial services, particularly in emerging markets.18 The study predictsthat over the next five years, these effects will be seen most clearly in China and Russia, and to a lesserextent in Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia. Inthe subsequent decade (2015–25), these dynamics arelikely to remain strong in Mexico and Russia, and tocontinue to strengthen in China, Indonesia, Vietnam,India and the Philippines. India’s middle class will seerapid growth off a very low base, but the shifts inspending that we outline are likely to remain con-strained by women’s relatively low status, at least forthe next 10 to 15 years.

• Women and spending decisions: Research has shown thatwomen are likely to invest a larger proportion of theirhousehold income than men would in the educationand health of their children. There is some evidencefrom India to suggest that women in local governmentroles also make decisions with better outcomes forcommunities when charged with budget decisions;19

they also appear to be more competent representativesthan men, obtaining more resources for their con-stituencies despite having significantly lower educationand relevant labor market experience.20

• Women and leadership: Innovation requires new, uniqueideas—and the best ideas flourish in a diverse envi-ronment. This implies that companies benefit by successfully integrating the female half of the availabletalent pool across their internal leadership structures.This is particularly relevant in many developed coun-tries, where women now account for more than halfof the college and university graduates. As they beginto take up half of entry-level positions in severalindustries, it is a loss for companies if these high-skilledwomen are forced into a choice between work andfamily at later stages of their career as evident in the data from several OECD countries.21 Studiesexploring the link between women in leadershippositions and business performance have shown a positive correlation between gender diversity on topleadership teams and a company’s financial results.22

Over the last two years, in the midst of the globaleconomic downturn, several new themes haveemerged about gender equality in the workplace and its impact. Biologists, behavioural economists and psychologists have contributed to discussions

about whether women’s perceived propensity formaking more inclusive, informed decisions andengaging in less risky behaviour might make moregender equal teams more successful, and—had such abalance been in evidence, whether it might not haveprevented some of the poor decisions and the excessesthat led to the financial crises.

Over time, therefore, a nation’s competitivenessdepends significantly on whether and how it educates andutilizes its female talent. To maximize its competitivenessand development potential, each country should strive forgender equality—that is, to give women the same rights,responsibilities and opportunities as men. It has beenshown through our own research as well as that of othersthat the current economic participation of women, evenin countries where they are as healthy and as educated asmen, is far from optimal. Business leaders and policy-mak-ers must ensure that barriers to women’s entry to theworkforce are removed and put in place practices andpolicies that will provide equal opportunities for rising topositions of leadership within companies. Such practiceswill ensure that all existing resources are used in the mostefficient manner and that the right signals are sent regard-ing the future flow of talent.

Tracking the gender gap over timeThe Global Gender Gap Index was first published in 2006 with a view to creating a comprehensive gender parity index that is able to track gaps over time relative to an equality benchmark, thus providing information on a country’s progress relative to itself as well as othercountries.

Based on the five years of data available for the 114countries that have been part of the Report since its incep-tion, we find that, on the whole, much of the world has madeprogress on closing gender gaps. Figure A1 in Appendix Adisplays changes over time within the four subindexes,while Figure A2 displays changes over time on the Indexscore across different regions. In 2006, 14% of the globalpolitical empowerment gap had been closed; in 2010,almost 18% of this gap has been closed. In 2006, 56% ofthe economic participation gap had been closed; in 2010,more than 59% of this gap has been closed. In 2006,almost 92% of the educational attainment gap had beenclosed; in 2010, over 93% of this gap has been closed. Onhealth and survival, however, there has been a small deteri-oration between 2006 and 2010. The Asia and the Pacific,Latin America and North America regional categorieshave displayed improvement over the last five years on theIndex score; the Middle East and North Africa, sub-SaharanAfrica and Europe and Central Asia have deteriorated.

Table A2 in Appendix A displays the full list of 114countries covered between 2006 and 2010 orderedaccording to the percentage change in their score, relative


to their score in 2006. Figure A3 displays these countriesin a scatter plot divided into four quadrants: countries thatwere performing above the median score in 2006 and haveshown progress between 2006 and 2010, countries thatwere performing above the median score in 2006 and have regressed between 2006 and 2010, those that wereperforming below the median score in 2006 and haveshown progress between 2006 and 2010 and those thatwere performing below the median score in 2006 andhave regressed between 2006 and 2010.

Finally, newly expanded Country Profiles allow readersto explore trends over the last five years on the overallIndex score, subindex scores and 12 critical individualvariables that are used in the Index. It is important to notethat there are gaps in international databases and not allcountries have information available for all variables acrossall five years, nor are all data updated on an annual basisfor each country by the international organizations thatserve as our primary source of data.

We were able to calculate the Global Gender GapIndex backwards to the year 2000 for a limited set ofcountries in order to take a longer-term look at trends.Table A1 in Appendix A displays the Global Gender GapIndex 2000–2010 for 39 countries where the relevant datawere available. In all countries there was a net improvementin scores across the 10 years, with the exception of theSlovak Republic. Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, Finland and Ireland show the largest absolute increases in score,amounting to relative changes of more than 14% whencompared to their performance in the year 2000.

ConclusionThe Global Gender Gap Report 2010 continues to provide a snapshot of current performance as in previous reportsand introduces valuable new insights regarding progressover the last five years. On average, over 96% of the gapon health outcomes, 93% of the gap on educational attain-ment, 59% of the gap on economic participation and 18% of the gap on political empowerment have beenclosed. No country in the world has achieved genderequality. The four highest-ranking countries—Iceland,Norway, Finland, Sweden—have closed a little over 80% oftheir gender gaps, while the lowest ranking country—Yemen—has closed only around 46% of its gender gap.

The Global Gender Gap Index was developed in2006 partially to address the need for a consistent andcomprehensive measure for gender equality that can tracka country’s progress over time. The fifth edition of TheGlobal Gender Gap Report reveals the trends observed inthe data over the past five years and seeks to call attentionto the need for more rapid progress in closing gendergaps. Out of the 114 countries covered in 2006–2010, 98countries (86%) have improved their performance, while16 of them (14%) have widening gaps. In some countries,progress is occurring in a relatively short time—this is not

limited to rich countries or to countries already near thetop of the rankings. Countries such as Iceland, Switzerlandand France have made much progress relative to theirpositions in 2006. So have Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Lesotho,Nepal and Bangladesh, relative to their own situations and,in some cases, relative to other countries. The same is trueof those countries that have lost ground over the last fiveyears. While there have been minor losses in high-rankingcountries such as Sweden, there have also been significantregressions in countries such as Mali, Benin and Moroccothat were already at the lower end of the rankings.

The Index points to potential role models by revealingthose countries that—within their region or their incomegroup—are leaders in having divided resources more equitably between women and men as compared withother countries, regardless of the overall level of resourcesavailable. In Europe, the Nordic countries are the best per-formers; in North America, the United States is now theleader. Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Costa Rica andArgentina are the top-ranking countries in Latin America and theCaribbean; Israel ranks the highest in the Middle East andNorth Africa; and in the Arab World, the United ArabEmirates is followed by Kuwait, Tunisia and Bahrain. InAsia and the Pacific, New Zealand, the Philippines, SriLanka and Australia are ranked highest. Lesotho, SouthAfrica and Namibia are the leaders in sub-Saharan Africa.Among income groups, the Nordic countries lead the wayin the high-income group; in the upper-middle-incomegroup, the leaders are South Africa and Cuba. Lesotho and the Philippines are the highest-ranking countries ofthe lower-middle-income group; and Mozambique andUganda are the strongest performers in the lower-incomegroup. The detailed Country Profiles allow users to under-stand not only how close each country lies relative to theequality benchmark in each of the four critical areas, butalso provide a snapshot of the legal and social frameworkwithin which these outcomes are produced. This year, theexpanded two-page profile also allows users to see progresson the Index, the subindexes and 12 individual criticalindicators over the last five years.

The Index continues to track the strong correlationbetween a country’s gender gap and its national competi-tiveness. The most important determinant of a country’scompetitiveness is its human talent—the skills, educationand productivity of its workforce—and women accountfor one-half of the potential talent base throughout theworld. Over time, therefore, a nation’s competitivenessdepends significantly on whether and how it educates and utilizes its female talent.

This Report highlights the message to policy-makersthat, in order to maximize competitiveness and developmentpotential, each country should strive for gender equality—that is, to give women the same rights, responsibilities andopportunities as men. The Index does not seek to set pri-orities for countries but rather to provide a comprehensive


set of data and a clear method for tracking gaps on criticalindicators so that countries may set priorities within theirown economic, political and cultural context. We arehopeful that the information contained in the GlobalGender Gap Report series will also serve as a basis for further research to develop a clearer understanding of thepolicies that are successful and those that are not, particu-larly as increasing numbers of policy-makers, employersand civil society seek out best practices and role models as they incorporate gender equality into their practicesand policies.

Notes1 See Greig et al. “The Gender Gap Index 2006”.

2 This ratio is based on what is considered to be a “normal” sex ratioat birth: 1.06 males for every female born. See Klasen and Wink,“Missing Women: Revisiting the Debate”.

3 This ratio is based on the standards used in the UN’s Gender-RelatedDevelopment Index, which uses 87.5 years as the maximum age forwomen and 82.5 years as the maximum age for men.

4 A first attempt to calculate the gender gap was made by the WorldEconomic Forum in 2005; see Lopez-Claros and Zahidi, Women’sEmpowerment: Measuring the Global Gender Gap. The 2005 Index,which was attempting to capture women’s empowerment, used a“feminist” scale that rewarded women’s supremacy over men (high-est score is assigned to the country with the biggest gap in favour ofwomen).

5 The weights derived for the 2006 Index were used again this yearand will be used in future years to allow for comparisons over time.

6 This is not strictly accurate in the case of the health variable, wherethe highest possible value a country can achieve is 0.9796. However,for purposes of simplicity we will refer to this value as 1 throughoutthe chapter and in all tables, figures and Country Profiles.

7 Because of the special equality benchmark value of 0.9796 for thehealth and survival subindex, it is not strictly accurate that the equali-ty benchmark for the overall index score is 1. This value is in fact (1+ 1 + 1 + 0.9796) / 4 = 0.9949. However, for purposes of simplicity,we will refer to the overall equality benchmark as 1 throughout thischapter.

8 Since the variables in the subindexes are weighted by the standarddeviations, the final scores for the subindexes and the overall Indexare not a pure measure of the gap vis-à-vis the equality benchmarkand therefore cannot be strictly interpreted as percentage valuesmeasuring the closure of the gender gap. However, for ease of inter-pretation and intuitive appeal, we will be using the percentage con-cept as a rough interpretation of the final scores.

9 A population-weighted average of all scores within each region wastaken to produce these charts.

10 Please note that we have modified our regional classifications fromthose used in previous editions of the Report.

11 The Corporate Gender Gap Report 2010.

12 Please note that these data do not take into account the recent election of Australia’s first female prime minister.

13 Sen, “Missing Women”, British Medical Journal and Klasen andWink, “Missing Women: Revisiting the Debate”.

14 On the impact of female education on labour force participation andthe educational attainment of the next generation, see Hausmannand Székely, “Inequality and the Family in Latin America”. On educa-tional investment in children, see Summers, The Most InfluentialInvestment, 132.

15 United Nations Foundations, Why Invest in Adolescent Girls, 1.

16 See Daly, “Gender Inequality, Growth and Global Ageing”.

17 ESCAP, Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific.

18 Goldman Sachs Global Markets Institute. “The Power of the Purse”.

19 See Beaman et al. Powerful Women”.

20 Munshi and Rosensweig, The Efficacy of Parochial Politics.

21 See Ibarra and Zahidi, The Corporate Gender Gap Report 2010.

22 Catalyst, “The Bottom Line”.

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Appendix A: Tracking the Gender Gap over Time

The five-year dataset for the Global Gender Gap Indexindicates progress across regions (Figure A1) and acrosssubindexes (Figure A2). Table A1 shows the biggest gainers

and losers out of the 114 countries covered in the Reportbetween 2006 and 2010. The numbers shown are thechanges in absolute score values between 2006 and 2010.

Figure A1: Global Gender Gap Index by subindex, 2006–2010

Source: Global Gender Gap Indexes, 2006–2010; scores are weighted by population. Population data are from the World Bank's World dataBank: World DevelopmentIndicators & Global Development Finance, online database 2008, accessed July 2010.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Political empowerment Economic participation and opportunity

Educational attainment Health and survival

Subind

ex sco

re (0

.00–

1.00)

� 2006� 2007� 2008� 2009� 2010

Figure A2: Global Gender Gap Index by region, 2006–2010

Source: Global Gender Gap Indexes, 2006–2010; details of regional classifications in Appendix B.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8


Sub-Saharan Africa




North America

Globa

l Gen

der G

ap In

dex sc

ore (0.00–

1.00)

� 2006� 2007� 2008� 2009� 2010


Appendix A: Tracking the Gender Gap over Time (Cont’d.)

Change Percent changein score relative to

Country 2006 score (2006–2010) 2006 score

Lesotho 0.6807 0.0871 12.8Angola 0.6039 0.0673 11.1Nepal 0.5478 0.0606 11.1Ecuador 0.6433 0.0639 9.9Nicaragua 0.6566 0.0610 9.3Saudi Arabia 0.5242 0.0471 9.0Iceland 0.7813 0.0683 8.7Chile 0.6455 0.0558 8.6Luxembourg 0.6671 0.0560 8.4Trinidad and Tobago 0.6797 0.0556 8.2Switzerland 0.6997 0.0565 8.1United Arab Emirates 0.5919 0.0477 8.1France 0.6520 0.0505 7.7Bangladesh 0.6270 0.0432 6.9Honduras 0.6483 0.0445 6.9Bolivia 0.6335 0.0416 6.6Belgium 0.7078 0.0431 6.1Malawi 0.6437 0.0388 6.0Ireland 0.7335 0.0439 6.0South Africa 0.7125 0.0410 5.7Greece 0.6540 0.0367 5.6Singapore 0.6550 0.0364 5.6Bahrain 0.5894 0.0324 5.5Uganda 0.6797 0.0372 5.5Mongolia 0.6821 0.0373 5.5Namibia 0.6864 0.0374 5.4Mauritania 0.5835 0.0318 5.4Uruguay 0.6549 0.0348 5.3Burkina Faso 0.5854 0.0309 5.3United States 0.7042 0.0370 5.2Argentina 0.6829 0.0358 5.2Madagascar 0.6385 0.0328 5.1Norway 0.7994 0.0410 5.1China 0.6561 0.0320 4.9Gambia, The 0.6448 0.0314 4.9Italy 0.6456 0.0309 4.8Latvia 0.7091 0.0338 4.8Slovenia 0.6745 0.0302 4.5Peru 0.6619 0.0276 4.2Cameroon 0.5865 0.0245 4.2New Zealand 0.7509 0.0299 4.0Russian Federation 0.6770 0.0266 3.9Finland 0.7958 0.0302 3.8Paraguay 0.6556 0.0248 3.8Costa Rica 0.6936 0.0258 3.7Sri Lanka 0.7199 0.0259 3.6Portugal 0.6922 0.0249 3.6Poland 0.6802 0.0235 3.4Denmark 0.7462 0.0257 3.4Kyrgyz Republic 0.6742 0.0231 3.4Cyprus 0.6430 0.0212 3.3Spain 0.7319 0.0235 3.2Cambodia 0.6291 0.0191 3.0Mauritius 0.6328 0.0192 3.0Korea, Rep. 0.6157 0.0185 3.0Venezuela 0.6664 0.0199 3.0Canada 0.7165 0.0207 2.9Guatemala 0.6067 0.0171 2.8Malta 0.6518 0.0177 2.7Netherlands 0.7250 0.0194 2.7India 0.6011 0.0143 2.4Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.5803 0.0130 2.2Czech Republic 0.6712 0.0139 2.1

Change Percent changein score relative to

Country 2006 score (2006–2010) 2006 score

Dominican Republic 0.6639 0.0135 2.0Panama 0.6935 0.0138 2.0Egypt 0.5786 0.0113 2.0Ghana 0.6653 0.0129 1.9Philippines 0.7516 0.0139 1.8Kazakhstan 0.6928 0.0127 1.8Albania 0.6607 0.0119 1.8Mexico 0.6462 0.0115 1.8Zimbabwe 0.6461 0.0114 1.8Brazil 0.6543 0.0112 1.7Bulgaria 0.6870 0.0113 1.6Chad 0.5247 0.0082 1.6Austria 0.6986 0.0105 1.5Australia 0.7163 0.0108 1.5United Kingdom 0.7365 0.0095 1.3Ethiopia 0.5946 0.0073 1.2Japan 0.6447 0.0077 1.2Thailand 0.6831 0.0079 1.1Indonesia 0.6541 0.0074 1.1Estonia 0.6944 0.0074 1.1Ukraine 0.6797 0.0072 1.1Israel 0.6889 0.0069 1.0Lithuania 0.7077 0.0055 0.8Pakistan 0.5434 0.0031 0.6Algeria 0.6018 0.0034 0.6Moldova 0.7128 0.0032 0.4Turkey 0.5850 0.0026 0.4Romania 0.6797 0.0029 0.4Hungary 0.6698 0.0023 0.3Jamaica 0.7014 0.0023 0.3Slovak Republic 0.6757 0.0022 0.3Kenya 0.6486 0.0014 0.2Macedonia, FYR 0.6983 0.0013 0.2Yemen 0.4595 0.0008 0.2Germany 0.7524 0.0005 0.1Botswana 0.6897 –0.0021 –0.3Kuwait 0.6341 –0.0022 –0.4Tunisia 0.6288 –0.0023 –0.4Malaysia 0.6509 –0.0030 –0.5Nigeria 0.6104 –0.0049 –0.8Jordan 0.6109 –0.0060 –1.0Morocco 0.5827 –0.0060 –1.0Zambia 0.6360 –0.0066 –1.0Benin 0.5780 –0.0061 –1.1Sweden 0.8133 –0.0109 –1.3Georgia 0.6700 –0.0102 –1.5Colombia 0.7049 –0.0122 –1.7Croatia 0.7145 –0.0205 –2.9Tanzania 0.7038 –0.0208 –3.0El Salvador 0.6837 –0.0241 –3.5Mali 0.5996 –0.0316 –5.3

Note: This table contains only those 114 countries that were covered consistentlybetween 2006 and 2010.

Table A1: Change in score (2006–2010) as a percentage of 2006


Figure A3 plots the percentage change in score, relative tothe actual score in 2006 for the same set of countries.Finally, Table A2 presents the historical calculations madefor the Index between 2000 and 2005, along with calcula-tions from the published Index in recent years, for 39

countries for which we were able to find complete data asfar back as the year 2000. For a more detailed analysis bysubindex and the calculation method, please refer to theGlobal Gender Gap Index 2007.


Figure A3: Percentage change relative to the Global Gender Gap Index 2006 score

Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2010 and Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011.

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

–5

0

5

10

15

Lesotho

Nepal

Saudi Arabia

Mali

Median score

Countries below median score and improving

Countries above median score regressing

Countries below median score regressing

Countries above median score and improving

Sweden

TanzaniaEl Salvador

IcelandUAE Switzerland

United States

France

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Percen

tage

cha

nge in sco

re (%

)

Global Gender Gap Index 2006 score (0.00–1.00)


Table A2: Overview of historical data scores, 2000–2010 (selected countries)

GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG GGG DifferenceIndex Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index (2010 score–

Country 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2000 score)

Switzerland 0.6356 0.6398 0.6647 0.6717 0.6785 0.7016 0.6997 0.6924 0.7360 0.7426 0.7562 0.1206Belgium 0.6414 0.6432 0.6646 0.6719 0.6838 0.6862 0.7078 0.7198 0.7163 0.7165 0.7509 0.1095Spain 0.6518 0.6544 0.6575 0.6672 0.6734 0.6727 0.7319 0.7444 0.7281 0.7345 0.7554 0.1036Finland 0.7240 0.7246 0.7672 0.7699 0.7731 0.7754 0.7958 0.8044 0.8195 0.8252 0.8260 0.1020Ireland 0.6798 0.6850 0.6918 0.6888 0.7031 0.7105 0.7335 0.7457 0.7518 0.7597 0.7773 0.0975Costa Rica 0.6246 0.6282 0.6589 0.6497 0.6705 0.6868 0.6936 0.7014 0.7111 0.7180 0.7194 0.0948Iceland 0.7632 0.7633 0.7871 0.7890 0.7870 0.7903 0.7813 0.7836 0.7999 0.8276 0.8496 0.0864Chile 0.618 0.6233 0.6451 0.6443 0.6452 0.6448 0.6455 0.6482 0.6818 0.6884 0.7013 0.0833Norway 0.7581 0.7596 0.7728 0.7763 0.7859 0.7842 0.7994 0.8059 0.8239 0.8227 0.8404 0.0823Trinidad and Tobago 0.6600 0.6598 0.6644 0.6633 0.6726 0.6740 0.6797 0.6859 0.7245 0.7298 0.7353 0.0753Bangladesh 0.5963 0.6082 0.6133 0.6096 0.6203 0.6183 0.6270 0.6314 0.6531 0.6526 0.6702 0.0739Denmark 0.7007 0.7114 0.7609 0.7616 0.7666 0.7709 0.7462 0.7519 0.7538 0.7628 0.7719 0.0712Netherlands 0.6737 0.6862 0.7045 0.7074 0.7093 0.7167 0.7250 0.7383 0.7399 0.7490 0.7444 0.0707Korea, Rep. 0.5645 0.5637 0.5773 0.6019 0.5916 0.5898 0.6157 0.6409 0.6154 0.6146 0.6342 0.0697Greece 0.6212 0.6234 0.6274 0.6315 0.6400 0.6449 0.6540 0.6648 0.6727 0.6662 0.6908 0.0696Panama 0.6402 0.6412 0.6570 0.6636 0.6784 0.6793 0.6935 0.6954 0.7095 0.7024 0.7072 0.0670Italy 0.6147 0.6160 0.6262 0.6279 0.6398 0.6391 0.6456 0.6498 0.6788 0.6798 0.6765 0.0618Sweden 0.7424 0.7505 0.7933 0.7982 0.7891 0.8031 0.8133 0.8146 0.8139 0.8139 0.8024 0.0600New Zealand 0.7213 0.7246 0.7651 0.7890 0.7614 0.7715 0.7509 0.7649 0.7859 0.7880 0.7808 0.0595Latvia 0.6853 0.6976 0.6983 0.6984 0.6996 0.6986 0.7091 0.7333 0.7397 0.7416 0.7429 0.0576Portugal 0.6609 0.6619 0.6721 0.6659 0.6726 0.6763 0.6922 0.6959 0.7051 0.7013 0.7171 0.0562Australia 0.6737 0.6823 0.6942 0.7078 0.7137 0.7125 0.7163 0.7204 0.7241 0.7282 0.7271 0.0534Turkey 0.5350 0.5456 0.5472 0.5447 0.5808 0.5711 0.5850 0.5768 0.5853 0.5828 0.5876 0.0526Japan 0.6005 0.6007 0.6047 0.6097 0.6224 0.6280 0.6447 0.6455 0.6434 0.6447 0.6524 0.0519Canada 0.6882 0.6887 0.7070 0.7062 0.7112 0.7128 0.7165 0.7198 0.7136 0.7196 0.7372 0.0490Mexico 0.6123 0.6172 0.6235 0.6212 0.6310 0.6309 0.6462 0.6441 0.6441 0.6503 0.6577 0.0454Slovenia 0.6701 0.6751 0.6799 0.6783 0.6796 0.6771 0.6745 0.6842 0.6937 0.6982 0.7047 0.0346Israel 0.6657 0.6668 0.6708 0.6715 0.6758 0.6713 0.6889 0.6965 0.6900 0.7019 0.6957 0.0300Malaysia 0.6184 0.6171 0.6219 0.6252 0.6131 0.6401 0.6509 0.6444 0.6442 0.6467 0.6479 0.0295Croatia 0.6660 0.6666 0.6724 0.6884 0.6980 0.6882 0.7145 0.7210 0.6967 0.6944 0.6939 0.0279Colombia 0.6656 0.6700 0.7215 0.7236 0.7184 0.7181 0.7049 0.7090 0.6944 0.6939 0.6927 0.0271El Salvador 0.6336 0.6341 0.6382 0.6315 0.6409 0.6387 0.6837 0.6853 0.6875 0.6939 0.6596 0.0260Poland 0.6784 0.6778 0.6870 0.6883 0.6841 0.6787 0.6802 0.6756 0.6951 0.6998 0.7037 0.0253United Kingdom 0.7222 0.7224 0.7371 0.7614 0.7362 0.7402 0.7365 0.7441 0.7366 0.7402 0.7460 0.0238Romania 0.6616 0.6617 0.6751 0.6833 0.6818 0.6821 0.6797 0.6859 0.6763 0.6805 0.6826 0.0210Czech Republic 0.6670 0.6663 0.6670 0.7037 0.6586 0.6649 0.6712 0.6718 0.6770 0.6789 0.6850 0.0180Lithuania 0.6984 0.7018 0.7131 0.7111 0.6927 0.6973 0.7077 0.7234 0.7222 0.7175 0.7132 0.0148Hungary 0.6697 0.6644 0.6982 0.6993 0.6878 0.6869 0.6698 0.6731 0.6867 0.6879 0.6720 0.0023Slovak Republic 0.6845 0.6822 0.6850 0.6860 0.6791 0.6855 0.6757 0.6797 0.6824 0.6845 0.6778 -0.0067

Notes: Countries are ordered by score difference, in descending order. GGG Index = Global Gender Gap Index.



Table B1: Regional Classifications, 2010

Asia and Latin America Middle East North Sub-Saharan Europe and the Pacific and the Caribbean and North Africa America Africa Central Asia

Australia Argentina Algeria Canada Angola AlbaniaBangladesh Bahamas Bahrain United States Benin ArmeniaBrunei Darussalam Barbados Egypt Botswana AustriaCambodia Belize Israel Burkina Faso AzerbaijanChina Bolivia Jordan Cameroon BelgiumFiji Brazil Kuwait Chad BulgariaIndia Chile Lebanon Côte d’Ivoire CroatiaIndonesia Columbia Mauritania Ethiopia CyprusIran, Islamic Rep. Costa Rica Morocco Gambia, The Czech RepublicJapan Cuba Oman Ghana DenmarkKorea Rep. Dominican Republic Qatar Kenya EstoniaMalaysia Ecuador Saudi Arabia Lesotho FinlandMaldives El Salvador Syria Madagascar FranceMongolia Guatemala Tunisia Malawi GeorgiaNepal Guyana United Arab Emirates Mali GermanyNew Zealand Honduras Yemen Mauritius GreecePakistan Jamaica Mozambique HungaryPhilippines Mexico Namibia IcelandSingapore Nicaragua Nigeria IrelandSri Lanka Panama Senegal ItalyThailand Paraguay South Africa KazakhstanVietnam Peru Tanzania Kyrgyz Republic

Suriname Uganda LatviaTrinidad and Tobago Zambia LithuaniaUruguay Zimbabwe LuxembourgVenezuela Macedonia

MaltaMoldovaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpain SwedenSwitzerlandTajikistanTurkeyUkraineUnited Kingdom

Appendix B: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2010

The following regional classifications were used for creating the regional performance tables in the chapter.

Table B2: Income classifications, 2010

Low Income Lower Middle Income Upper Middle Income High Income(US$995 or Less) (US$996–3,945) (US$3,946–12,195) (US$12,196 or More)

Bangladesh Angola Albania AustraliaBenin Armenia Algeria AustriaBurkina Faso Belize Argentina BahamasCambodia Bolivia Azerbaijan BahrainChad Cameroon Botswana BarbadosEthiopia China Brazil BelgiumGambia Côte d'Ivoire* Bulgaria Brunei DarussalamGhana Ecuador Chile CanadaKenya Egypt Colombia CroatiaKyrgyz Republic El Salvador Costa Rica CyprusMadagascar Georgia Cuba Czech RepublicMalawi Guatemala Dominican Republic DenmarkMali Guyana Fiji EstoniaMauritania Honduras Iran, Islamic Rep. FinlandMozambique India Jamaica FranceNepal Indonesia Kazakhstan GermanyTajikistan Jordan Lebanon* GreeceTanzania Lesotho Lithuania HungaryUganda Maldives Macedonia IcelandZambia Moldova Malaysia IrelandZimbabwe Mongolia Mauritius Israel

Morocco Mexico ItalyNicaragua Namibia JapanNigeria Panama Korea, Rep.Pakistan Peru KuwaitParaguay Romania LatviaPhilippines Russian Federation LuxembourgSenegal South Africa MaltaSri Lanka Suriname NetherlandsSyria Turkey New ZealandThailand Uruguay NorwayTunisia Venezuela OmanUkraine PolandVietnam PortugalYemen Qatar

Saudi ArabiaSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTrinidad and TobagoUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited States

Note: Income classifications are taken from the World Bank, which classifies economies into four income categories based on GNI per capita: high income, uppermiddle income, lower middle income and low income.

* New country 2010


Appendix B: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2010 (Cont’d.)


Appendix C: Spread of Minimum and Maximum Values by Indicator

The chart below shows the spread of the minimum andmaximum values for each of the 14 variables of the GlobalGender Gap Index. Each indicator is presented with itsown scale of the minimum possible value and maximumpossible value. For wage equality for similar work this is a scale of 1 (worst value for women) to 7 (best value forwomen). For estimated earned income the maximumvalue is 40,000 US dollars; this is the benchmark used in the calculation of the Index. For sex ratio at birth(female/male) the maximum value is a ratio of 0.944; thisis the benchmark used in the calculation of the Index. Forhealthy life expectancy the maximum value listed is that

of the country with the best performance on this indica-tor (Japan; 78 years); this is not the benchmark used in thecalculation of the Index. For years as head of state theminimum value is 0 years and the maximum value is 50years. All other variables are expressed as percentages witha minimum value of 0% and a maximum value of 100%.

Male values are represented with black bars whilefemale values are represented with blue bars. In the case ofvariables with a value that represents a combined measureof the male and female situations (wage equality for similarwork and sex ratio at birth) a grey bar is used.

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Figure C1: Female and male ranges for Global Gender Gap Index 2010 indicators

Part 2Country Profiles

List of Countries

Country Page

Albania 52Algeria 54Angola 56Argentina 58Armenia 60Australia 62Austria 64Azerbaijan 66Bahamas 68Bahrain 70Bangladesh 72Barbados 74Belgium 76Belize 78Benin 80Bolivia 82Botswana 84Brazil 86Brunei Darussalam 88Bulgaria 90Burkina Faso 92Cambodia 94Cameroon 96Canada 98Chad 100Chile 102China 104Colombia 106Costa Rica 108Côte d’Ivoire 110Croatia 112Cuba 114Cyprus 116Czech Republic 118Denmark 120Dominican Republic 122Ecuador 124Egypt 126El Salvador 128Estonia 130Ethiopia 132Fiji 134Finland 136France 138Gambia, The 140

Country Page

Georgia 142Germany 144Ghana 146Greece 148Guatemala 150Guyana 152Honduras 154Hungary 156Iceland 158India 160Indonesia 162Iran, Islamic Rep. 164Ireland 166Israel 168Italy 170Jamaica 172Japan 174Jordan 176Kazakhstan 178Kenya 180Korea, Rep. 182Kuwait 184Kyrgyz Republic 186Latvia 188Lebanon 190Lesotho 192Lithuania 194Luxembourg 196Macedonia, FYR 198Madagascar 200Malawi 202Malaysia 204Maldives 206Mali 208Malta 210Mauritania 212Mauritius 214Mexico 216Moldova 218Mongolia 220Morocco 222Mozambique 224Namibia 226Nepal 228Netherlands 230

Country Page

New Zealand 232Nicaragua 234Nigeria 236Norway 238Oman 240Pakistan 242Panama 244Paraguay 246Peru 248Philippines 250Poland 252Portugal 254Qatar 256Romania 258Russian Federation 260Saudi Arabia 262Senegal 264Singapore 266Slovak Republic 268Slovenia 270South Africa 272Spain 274Sri Lanka 276Suriname 278Sweden 280Switzerland 282Syria 284Tajikistan 286Tanzania 288Thailand 290Trinidad and Tobago 292Tunisia 294Turkey 296Uganda 298Ukraine 300United Arab Emirates 302United Kingdom 304United States 306Uruguay 308Venezuela 310Vietnam 312Yemen 314Zambia 316Zimbabwe 318

Global Gender Gap Report 2010 Country Profiles 45

Country Profiles: Current yearThe first page of the Country Profiles presents a compila-tion of selected data for each individual country includedin The Global Gender Gap Report 2010.

Key IndicatorsThe first section presents the following indicators:

• The Global Gender Gap Index 2010 gives each coun-try’s overall performance in closing the gender gap on a0-to-1 scale and its rank out of 134 reviewed countries.

• Population (in millions of inhabitants): Source is theWorld Bank’s World dataBank: World DevelopmentIndicators & Global Development Finance, online database(accessed July 2010).

• Population growth (annual percentage): Source is theWorld Bank’s World dataBank: World DevelopmentIndicators & Global Development Finance, online database(accessed July 2010).

• GDP (constant 2000 US$, in billions of US dollars):Source is the World Bank’s World dataBank: WorldDevelopment Indicators & Global Development Finance,online database (accessed July 2010).

• GDP per capita (current US dollars adjusted for pur-chasing power parity): Source is the World Bank’s WorlddataBank: World Development Indicators & GlobalDevelopment Finance, online database (accessed July2010).

• Mean age of marriage for women (years): Source is theUnited Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,UN Statistics Division (accessed July 2010).

• Fertility rate (births per woman): Source is the WorldHealth Organization’s Global Health Observatory,Demographic and Socioeconomic Statistics (accessed July2010).

• Year women received the right to vote: Source is theUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)’s

Albania 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 78 0.673

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................3.14Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.35GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................5.66GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................3,911

Mean age of marriage for women (years) ..............................................23Fertility rate (births per woman) ............................................................1.90Year women received right to vote ......................................................1920Overall population sex ratio (male/female) ..........................................0.97

Gender Gap Subindexes

Economic Participation and Opportunity 51 0.681 0.590Labour force participation .........................................81 0.73 0.69 56 76 0.73Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................24 0.75 0.65 — — 0.75Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................83 0.54 0.53 4,954 9,143 0.54Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 52 0.994 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................60 0.99 0.86 99 99 0.99Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 91 91 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ..........................90 0.98 0.92 73 75 0.98Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 23 15 1.57

Health and Survival 131 0.937 0.955Sex ratio at birth (female/male) ..............................128 0.91 0.92 — — 0.91Healthy life expectancy............................................117 1.00 1.04 64 64 1.00

Political Empowerment 97 0.079 0.179Women in parliament..................................................73 0.20 0.22 16 84 0.20Women in ministerial positions...............................107 0.07 0.18 7 93 0.07Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data

10 Country Profiles Global Gender Gap Report 2010

country scoresample average

0.00 = inequality1.00 = equality

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health

Female-to-male ratio

0.00 = INEQUALITY 1.00 = EQUALITY 1.50







Sample Female-to-Rank Score average Female Male male ratio

(out of 134 (0.00 = inequality,countries) 1.00 = equality)

Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................60Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................13Length of maternity leave ........................................365 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..........80% prior to birth

and for 150 days after birth, and 50% for the rest of the leave period

Provider of maternity coverage ..................Social insurance systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................92Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....13

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%)...........................................76Female teachers, secondary education (%) .....................................56Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................41

Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%).................................................28Male adult unemployment rate (%) ....................................................19Women in non-agricultural paid labour

(% of total labour force).....................................................................33Ability of women to rise to positions

of enterprise leadership* ...............................................................5.14

Basic Rights and Social Institutions **Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................0.50Female genital mutilation...................................................................0.00Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.00Existence of legislation punishing acts

of violence against women ............................................................0.75

*Survey data, responses on a 1-to-7 scale (1 = worst score, 7 = best score)**Data on a 0-to-1 scale (1 = worst score, 0 = best score)

User’s Guide: How Country Profiles WorkYASMINA BEKHOUCHE

MARC CUÉNOD

World Economic Forum


Human Development Report 2009. Data refer to the yearin which the right to vote or stand for election on auniversal and equal basis was recognized. Where twoyears are shown, the first figure refers to the first partialrecognition of the right to vote or stand for election(accessed July 2010).

• Overall population sex ratio (male/female): Source is theUnited Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,UN Statistics Division (accessed July 2010).

• The spider chart in the upper right-hand side comparesthe country’s score for each of the four subindexes ofThe Global Gender Gap Report 2010 with the averagescore across all 134 countries. The centre of the chartcorresponds to the lowest possible score (0), while theoutermost corners of the chart correspond to the high-est possible score (1), or equality. Please note that theequality benchmark is 1 for all variables except sex ratioat birth (0.944) and healthy life expectancy (1.06).Therefore, the equality benchmark of 1 for the healthand survival subindex is not strictly accurate.

Gender Gap SubindexesThis section gives an overview of each country’s rankingsand the scores on the four subindexes of the GlobalGender Gap Index 2010.

• For each of the variables that enter into the GlobalGender Gap Index 2010, column one in this sectiondisplays country rankings, column two displays thecountry scores, column three displays the population-weighted sample average (134 countries), column fourdisplays the female value, column five displays the malevalue and, finally, column six displays the female-to-maleratio. To calculate the Index, all ratios were truncated atthe equality benchmark of 1 (for more details, pleaserefer to the chapter) and thus the highest score possibleis 1 for all variables except for the sex ratio at birth(0.944) and the healthy life expectancy (1.06). In thecase of countries where women surpass men on particu-lar variables, the reader can refer to the exact female andmale values as well as the female-to-male ratio tounderstand the magnitude of the female advantage.

• The bar charts visually display the female-to-male ratiofor each of the 14 variables, allowing the reader to seeclearly when the female-to-male ratio is above or belowthe equality benchmark. Values above 1 (the equalitybenchmark) favour women and values below 1 favourmen. Please note that the equality benchmark is 1 for allvariables, except sex ratio at birth (0.944) and healthylife expectancy (1.06). Therefore, the equality bench-mark of 1 in the bar charts for these two variables is notstrictly accurate. Finally, in the few cases where the ratioexceeds the scale of the bar chart (which ends at 1.5),

the reader should refer to the number under the“female-to-male ratio” column for the actual value.

• The female and male percentages are displayed withoutdecimals for visual clarity.

Economic Participation and Opportunity

• The age group for the labour force participation rateindicator is 15 to 64 years.

• The source of the estimated earned income value is theUNDP’s Human Development Report 2009. According tothe UNDP, because of a lack of gender-disaggregatedincome data, female and male earned income figures arecrudely estimated on the basis of data on the ratio ofthe female non-agricultural wage to the male non-agri-cultural wage, the female and male shares of economi-cally active population, the total female and male popu-lation and the GDP per capita in purchasing power par-ity (PPP) US dollars. The wage ratios used in this calcu-lation are based on data for the most recent year avail-able between 1999 and 2007. Before 2008, the PPP wasderived from the 1993 International ComparisonProgram Surveys. In 2008 the World Bank released theresults of the 2005 survey.

• For the purposes of calculating their index, the UNDPscales the female and male values downward to reflectthe maximum values of adult literacy (99%), gross enrol-ment ratios (100%) and GDP per capita (40,000) (PPPUS$).

• For the legislators, senior officials and managers and theprofessional and technical workers variables, we havepreviously reported Major Group 1 (Totally andEconomically Active Population) and Major Sub-Group1D (Economically Active Population, by occupation andstatus in employment) from the International LabourOrganization (ILO)’s International StandardClassification of Occupations (ISCO-88). We continueto use Major Group 2 (Employment) and Major Sub-Group 2C (Total Employment, by Occupation) in orderto remain consistent with the data obtained from theUNDP.

• Estimates for countries that have implemented theISCO-88 are not strictly comparable with those forcountries using the previous classification (ISCO-68).

Educational Attainment

• For estimation purposes, a value of 99% literacy rate isused for developed countries. The reason for this is thatthese countries no longer use the traditional measure ofliteracy, on which the UNESCO Institute of Statisticsliteracy data are based, which is derived from the indi-vidual or household response to the question “Can youread and write” on a national census or household sur-


vey. Many countries are now undertaking literacy assess-ments in order to measure functional levels of literacy.

Health and Survival

• Updated data (2007 instead of 2003) have become avail-able and have been used for the healthy life expectancyindicator. This has accounted for significant changes incertain countries.

Political Empowerment

• The Inter-Parliamentary Union has updated the Womenin Politics data upon which the female and male percent-ages of ministers are based. This has accounted for sig-nificant changes in certain countries’ scores and rank-ings.

• The abbreviation “female head of state” is used todescribe an elected female head of state or government.

Additional DataThis section compiles a selection of internationally avail-able data that may be relevant for the country’s gendergap. These data were not used for the purposes of calculat-ing of the Global Gender Gap Index 2010. The indicatorsin this section are displayed in four broad categories:maternity and childbearing, education and training,employment and earnings and, finally, basic rights andsocial institutions.

Maternity and Childbearing

• Births attended by skilled health staff (%): Source is theWorld Health Organization, Global Health Observatory,Health-related Millennium Development Goals,Maternal health (accessed July 2010).

• Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%): Source isthe United Nations, Department of Economic andSocial Affairs, Statistics Division, Statistics and Indicators onWomen and Men (accessed July 2010).

• Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): Source is theWorld Health Organization, Global Health Observatory,Health-related Millennium Development Goals, Childmortality (accessed July 2010).

• Length of maternity leave (% of wages paid) andprovider of maternity coverage: Source is the UnitedNations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,Statistics Division, Statistics and Indicators on Women andMen (accessed July 2010). The data presented refer tolaws and regulations in force at the time of the compila-tion of information (between 2004 and 2009). Lastupdated in June 2010.

• Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births):Source is the World Health Organization, Global Health

Observatory, Health-related Millennium DevelopmentGoals, Maternal health (accessed July 2010).

• Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 womenaged15–19): Source is the World Health Organization,Global Health Observatory, Health-related MillenniumDevelopment Goals, Maternal health (accessed July2010).

Education and Training

• Female teachers in primary education (%), female teach-ers in secondary education (%) and female teachers intertiary education (%): Source is UNESCO, Institute ofStatistic’s Education Statistics, online database, 2009 or lat-est available data.

Employment and Earnings

• Female and male adult unemployment rates (%): Sourceis the World Bank’s World dataBank: World DevelopmentIndicators, online database, 2008 or latest available data.

• Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of totallabour force): Source is the United Nations MillenniumGoals Indicators, 2008 or latest available data and theWorld Bank’s World Development Indicators, 2007 or latestavailable data.

• Ability of women to rise to positions of enterprise lead-ership: Source is the World Economic Forum’sExecutive Opinion Survey 2010. Survey question is asfollows: “In your country, do businesses provide womenthe same opportunities as men to rise to positions ofleadership? (1 = no, women are unable to rise to posi-tions of leadership; 7 = yes, women are often in man-agement positions)”.

Basic Rights and Social Institutions

• Paternal versus maternal authority, female genital muti-lation, polygamy and the existence of legislation punish-ing acts of violence against women: Source of all thesevariables is the OECD’s Gender, Institutions andDevelopment Data Base 2009 (accessed July 2010). Thenumbers are on a 0-to-1 scale, where 1 is the worst pos-sible score and 0 the best possible score.


Country Profiles: Evolution 2006–2010The second page of the Country Profiles shows selecteddata over a five-year period, presenting an overview oftrends for countries included in the Global Gender GapIndex over the years 2006–2010. It shows the evolution ofeach country’s ranking, score, subindex and indicators.Only countries with at least four years of consecutive data(including 2010) have been analysed in this section. Forany countries not fulfilling these conditions, the secondpage of the Country Profile has been left blank.

The health and survival subindex (sex ratio at birthand healthy life expectancy) does not figure in this analysisof evolution over time because the data source for thisparticular subindex has been updated only in 2010 andtherefore it is not yet possible to discern any significanttrends. For the 12 indicators analyzed in this year’s edition,raw data from 2006 to 2010 (female values, male valuesand female-to-male ratio) have been identified.

Page 2 of the Country Profiles covers only the indica-tors that constitute the Index. It does not include the KeyIndicators or the Additional Data that are contained in theCountry Profiles page 1.

The evolution of the data from 2006 to 2010 is pre-sented by subindex.

The first section presents the following information:

• The evolution of the overall performance of countriesin the Global Gender Gap Index from 2006 to 2010,measured by changes in rank and score on a 0-to-1scale.

• A graph depicting the evolution of countries’ perform-ance across the four subindexes on a 0-to-1 scale.

The second section provides a more detailed analysisof evolution in each country’s female value, male valueand female-to-male ratio across the 12 indicators selectedfrom The Global Gender Gap Report over the past fiveyears.

• For each of the variables included in this section, col-umn one displays the year, column two displays thefemale value, column three shows the male value andcolumn four displays the female-to-male ratio.

• The bar charts visually display the female and male val-ues for each of the 12 variables, allowing the reader toclearly identify whether the female-to-male ratio isabove or below the equality benchmark and how eachvalue has evolved over time. All indicators are measuredon a scale from 0 to 100 except for wage equality forsimilar work, which is based on a 1-to-7 scale, and esti-mated earned income, which has a scale of 0 to 40,000US dollars. A maximum of US$40,000 has been desig-



Labour force participationYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 .................56 76 0.732009 .................56 77 0.732008 .................55 75 0.722007 .................55 76 0.722006 .................49 70 0.70

Wage equality for similar workYear Score

2010 .......................................5.232009 .......................................4.752008 .......................................4.762007 .......................................5.412006 .......................................4.98

Estimated earned income (PPP US$)Year Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 ............4,954 9,143 0.542009 ............4,171 7,599 0.552008 ............3,728 6,930 0.542007 ............3,487 6,492 0.542006 ............3,266 5,836 0.56

Legislators, senior officials, and managersYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —

Professional and technical workersYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


Literacy rateYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 .................99 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................99 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99

Educational Attainment (Cont’d.)

Enrolment in primary educationYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 .................91 91 1.002009 .................93 94 0.992008 .................93 94 0.992007 .................94 94 1.002006 .................95 96 0.99

Enrolment in secondary educationYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 .................73 75 0.982009 .................72 74 0.972008 .................72 74 0.972007 .................73 75 0.982006 .................73 75 0.98

Enrolment in tertiary educationYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 .................23 15 1.572009 .................23 15 1.602008 .................23 15 1.602007 .................23 15 1.572006 .................20 13 1.56


Women in parliamentYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 .................16 84 0.202009 ...................7 93 0.082008 ...................7 93 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08

Women in ministerial positionsYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 ...................7 93 0.072008 ...................7 93 0.072007 ...................5 95 0.062006 ...................5 95 0.06

Years with female head of stateYear Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Albania 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 78 0.673Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 91 0.660

Gender Gap Index 2008 (out of 130 countries) 87 0.659



Rank Score (0.000 = inequality, 1.000 = equality)

Note: Blue bars indicate female values and white bars indicate male values.

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

EducationHealthEconomicsPolitics



nated as the cut-off point in order to be consistent withthe Index methodology.

• In the ratios, values above 1 (the equality benchmark)favour women and values below 1 favour men. Pleasenote that the equality benchmark is set at 1 for all vari-ables except for sex ratio at birth (0.944) and healthylife expectancy (1.06).

• For all enrolment indicators: in some cases, data wereavailable for the overall female-to-male ratio but not forthe separate male and female values.

• Tertiary education: In the very rare cases where male orfemale enrolment rates are below 0.5%, the male andfemale values may appear as 0.

• Heads of state: In cases when a female head of state waselected for a period shorter than six months, the femalevalue appears as 0 due to rounding. However, thefemale-to-male ratio may differ from 0. This was thecase for Bulgaria during the period 2006 to 2010, forexample.

The data displayed are the latest available data duringthe year of publication; data have not been updated retro-spectively. In some cases, a static situation (no progress or deterioration) may indicate the current situation in aparticular country; in other cases, it may indicate that datafor that country were not regularly renewed and insteadthe latest available data were reported over multiple yearsin international databases.

Albania 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 78 0.673








Additional Data




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Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................60Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................13Length of maternity leave ........................................365 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..........80% prior to birth

and for 150 days after birth, and 50% for the rest of the leave period

Provider of maternity coverage ..................Social insurance systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................92Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....13


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%).................................................28Male adult unemployment rate (%) ....................................................19Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).....................................................................33

Ability of women to rise to positions of enterprise leadership* ...............................................................5.14

Basic Rights and Social Institutions **Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................0.50Female genital mutilation...................................................................0.00Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.00Existence of legislation punishing acts of violence against women ............................................................0.75




2010 .................56 76 0.732009 .................56 77 0.732008 .................55 75 0.722007 .................55 76 0.722006 .................49 70 0.70


2010 .......................................5.232009 .......................................4.752008 .......................................4.762007 .......................................5.412006 .......................................4.98


2010 ............4,954 9,143 0.542009 ............4,171 7,599 0.552008 ............3,728 6,930 0.542007 ............3,487 6,492 0.542006 ............3,266 5,836 0.56


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................99 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................99 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99



2010 .................91 91 1.002009 .................93 94 0.992008 .................93 94 0.992007 .................94 94 1.002006 .................95 96 0.99


2010 .................73 75 0.982009 .................72 74 0.972008 .................72 74 0.972007 .................73 75 0.982006 .................73 75 0.98


2010 .................23 15 1.572009 .................23 15 1.602008 .................23 15 1.602007 .................23 15 1.572006 .................20 13 1.56



2010 .................16 84 0.202009 ...................7 93 0.082008 ...................7 93 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 ...................7 93 0.072008 ...................7 93 0.072007 ...................5 95 0.062006 ...................5 95 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Albania 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 78 0.673Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 91 0.660






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Algeria 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 119 0.605

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................34.37Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.51GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................75.28GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................4,845



Economic Participation and Opportunity 119 0.467 0.590Labour force participation .......................................119 0.47 0.69 39 83 0.47Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................40 0.71 0.65 — — 0.71Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................117 0.36 0.53 4,081 11,331 0.36Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........122 0.05 0.27 5 95 0.05Professional and technical workers ........................93 0.55 0.64 35 65 0.55

Educational Attainment 99 0.953 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................115 0.79 0.86 64 81 0.79Enrolment in primary education................................97 0.99 0.98 94 96 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 68 65 1.06Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 28 20 1.40

Health and Survival 106 0.966 0.955Sex ratio at birth (female/male) ..................................1 0.94 0.92 — — 0.95Healthy life expectancy............................................113 1.02 1.04 63 62 1.02

Political Empowerment 123 0.035 0.179Women in parliament................................................114 0.08 0.22 8 92 0.08Women in ministerial positions...............................125 0.04 0.18 4 96 0.04Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




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Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................95Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................61Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................36Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................180Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......4




Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................1.00Female genital mutilation...................................................................0.00Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.50Existence of legislation punishing acts of violence against women ............................................................0.75




2010 .................39 83 0.472009 .................38 81 0.472008 .................39 84 0.462007 .................38 84 0.462006 .................36 80 0.44


2010 .......................................4.972009 .......................................5.092008 .......................................5.132007 .......................................4.492006 .......................................5.18


2010 ............4,081 11,331 0.362009 ............3,797 10,972 0.352008 ............3,546 10,515 0.342007 ............3,259 9,888 0.332006 ............2,896 9,244 0.31


2010 ...................5 95 0.052009 ...................5 95 0.052008 ...................5 95 0.052007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 .................35 65 0.552009 .................35 65 0.552008 .................35 65 0.552007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................28 72 0.39



2010 .................64 81 0.792009 .................65 84 0.662008 .................66 84 0.792007 .................60 80 0.762006 .................60 78 0.76



2010 .................94 96 0.992009 .................95 96 0.982008 .................94 96 0.982007 .................95 98 0.982006 .................95 98 0.98


2010 .................68 65 1.062009 .................68 65 1.062008 .................68 65 1.062007 .................68 65 1.052006 .................68 65 1.05


2010 .................28 20 1.402009 .................28 20 1.402008 .................24 19 1.262007 .................24 17 1.372006 .................20 19 1.08



2010 ...................8 92 0.082009 ...................8 92 0.082008 ...................8 92 0.082007 ...................6 94 0.072006 ...................6 94 0.07


2010 ...................4 96 0.042009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 .................11 90 0.122006 .................11 90 0.12


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Algeria 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 119 0.605Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 117 0.612






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Angola 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 81 0.671




Economic Participation and Opportunity 76 0.630 0.590Labour force participation .........................................40 0.86 0.69 76 89 0.86Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................48 0.69 0.65 — — 0.69Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................50 0.64 0.53 4,212 6,592 0.64Legislators, senior officials, and managers............94 0.18 0.27 15 85 0.18Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 125 0.785 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................120 0.69 0.86 57 83 0.69Enrolment in primary education..............................129 0.86 0.98 48 55 0.86Enrolment in secondary education ........................122 0.78 0.92 — — 0.78Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................110 0.65 0.86 1 1 0.65

Health and Survival 1 0.980 0.955Sex ratio at birth (female/male) ..................................1 0.94 0.92 — — 0.95Healthy life expectancy................................................1 1.06 1.04 47 44 1.07

Political Empowerment 24 0.290 0.179Women in parliament..................................................10 0.63 0.22 39 61 0.63Women in ministerial positions.................................27 0.38 0.18 28 72 0.38Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




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Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................47Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%).................................6Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).......................................130Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ..........Social security and employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births).........................1,400Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...165

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%) ..........................................—Female teachers, secondary education (%) .....................................30Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................20

Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%)....................................................—Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).....................................................................24


Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................0.50Female genital mutilation .....................................................................—Polygamy ..............................................................................................1.00Existence of legislation punishing acts of violence against women ............................................................0.50




2010 .................76 89 0.862009 .................76 90 0.852008 .................76 92 0.822007 .................76 92 0.822006 .................74 92 0.81


2010 .......................................4.852009 .....................................—2008 .......................................4.242007 .......................................4.242006 .......................................4.34


2010 ............4,212 6,592 0.642009 ............3,393 5,504 0.622008 ............1,787 2,898 0.622007 ............1,670 2,706 0.622006 ............1,797 2,897 0.62


2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................57 83 0.692009 .................54 83 0.652008 .................54 83 0.652007 .................54 83 0.652006 .................54 83 0.65



2010 .................48 55 0.862009..................— — 0.862008..................— — 0.862007..................— — 0.862006 .................49 57 0.86


2010..................— — 0.782009..................— — 0.782008..................— — 0.782007..................— — 0.782006..................— — 0.78


2010 ...................1 1 0.652009 ...................1 1 0.662008 ...................1 1 0.662007..................— — 0.662006 ...................1 1 0.66



2010 .................39 61 0.632009 .................37 63 0.592008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 .................28 72 0.382009 ...................6 94 0.072008 ...................6 94 0.072007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Angola 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 81 0.671Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 106 0.635






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Argentina 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 29 0.719

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................39.88Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.99GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................394.59GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................8,236



Economic Participation and Opportunity 87 0.602 0.590Labour force participation .........................................85 0.71 0.69 58 82 0.71Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................98 0.59 0.65 — — 0.59Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................92 0.51 0.53 8,958 17,710 0.51Legislators, senior officials, and managers............80 0.30 0.27 23 77 0.30Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 54 46 1.18

Educational Attainment 47 0.995 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 98 98 1.00Enrolment in primary education................................93 0.99 0.98 98 99 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 84 75 1.12Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 82 54 1.52



Additional Data




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Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................65Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................13Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .............100; in addition,

a means-tested birth grant is paid in a lump sumProvider of maternity coverage ...................Family allowance funds

(financed through state and employer contributions)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................77Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....62


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%)...................................................9Male adult unemployment rate (%) ......................................................6Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).....................................................................45


Basic Rights and Social Institutions **Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................0.00Female genital mutilation...................................................................0.00Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.00Existence of legislation punishing acts of violence against women ............................................................0.25




2010 .................58 82 0.712009 .................57 82 0.702008 .................62 82 0.752007 .................61 82 0.742006 .................53 76 0.70


2010 .......................................4.132009 .......................................3.962008 .......................................3.872007 .......................................4.002006 .......................................3.60


2010 ............8,958 17,710 0.512009 ............8,595 15,485 0.562008 ..........10,063 18,686 0.542007 ............9,258 17,518 0.532006 ............6,635 17,800 0.37


2010 .................23 77 0.302009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 .................54 46 1.182009 .................54 46 1.182008 .................54 46 1.182007 .................55 45 1.222006 .................55 45 1.22



2010 .................98 98 1.002009 .................98 98 0.982008 .................98 98 1.002007 .................97 97 1.002006 .................97 97 1.00



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................98 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99


2010 .................84 75 1.122009 .................82 75 1.102008 .................82 75 1.102007 .................82 76 1.072006 .................82 76 1.07


2010 .................82 54 1.522009 .................76 52 1.452008 .................76 52 1.452007..................— — —2006 .................77 51 1.51



2010 .................39 61 0.632009 .................40 60 0.672008 .................40 60 0.672007 .................35 65 0.542006 .................35 65 0.54


2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 ...................4 46 0.092009 ...................3 47 0.062008 ...................2 48 0.052007 ...................2 48 0.032006 ...................2 48 0.03


Argentina 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 29 0.719Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 24 0.721






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Armenia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 84 0.667





Educational Attainment 26 0.999 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................53 1.00 0.86 99 100 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 86 83 1.03Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 88 83 1.06Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 37 31 1.20

Health and Survival 130 0.937 0.955Sex ratio at birth (female/male) ..............................133 0.88 0.92 — — 0.88Healthy life expectancy................................................1 1.06 1.04 63 59 1.07

Political Empowerment 106 0.062 0.179Women in parliament................................................103 0.10 0.22 9 91 0.10Women in ministerial positions.................................82 0.13 0.18 11 89 0.13Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




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Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................53Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................21Length of maternity leave .........................................................140 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................76Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....25

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%).........................................100Female teachers, secondary education (%) .....................................84Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................47

Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%).................................................14Male adult unemployment rate (%) ......................................................6Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).....................................................................45






2010 .................69 83 0.842009 .................65 76 0.862008 .................55 66 0.842007 .................55 66 0.842006..................— — —


2010 .......................................4.712009 .......................................4.752008 .......................................4.992007 .......................................4.962006 .....................................—


2010 ............4,215 7,386 0.572009 ............3,524 6,420 0.552008 ............3,893 6,150 0.632007 ............3,222 5,105 0.632006..................— — —


2010 .................24 76 0.312009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................24 76 0.312007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................65 35 1.882009 .................65 35 1.882008 .................65 35 1.882007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................99 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................99 100 1.002007 .................99 100 0.992006..................— — —



2010 .................86 83 1.032009 .................87 84 1.042008 .................84 80 1.052007 .................81 77 1.052006..................— — —


2010 .................88 83 1.062009 .................88 83 1.062008 .................88 84 1.042007 .................86 83 1.032006..................— — —


2010 .................37 31 1.202009 .................37 31 1.202008 .................34 29 1.182007 .................31 25 1.222006..................— — —



2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................8 92 0.092008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................5 95 0.062006..................— — —


2010 .................11 89 0.132009 ...................6 94 0.062008 ...................6 94 0.062007 ...................0 100 0.002006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Armenia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 84 0.667Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 90 0.662



Gender Gap Index 2006 (out of 115 countries) — —



0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Australia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 23 0.727

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................21.43Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.69GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................521.54GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................47,370

Mean age of marriage for women (years) ..............................................30Fertility rate (births per woman) ............................................................1.80Year women received right to vote ............................................1902, 1962Overall population sex ratio (male/female) ..........................................0.99



Educational Attainment 1 1.000 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 97 96 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 89 87 1.02Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 87 67 1.30

Health and Survival 73 0.974 0.955Sex ratio at birth (female/male) ..................................1 0.94 0.92 — — 0.95Healthy life expectancy..............................................82 1.04 1.04 75 72 1.04


Additional Data




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Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................71Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave.......................................................12 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)....................A lump sum

payment is paid for each childProvider of maternity coverage...............................Social assistance

system financed by the stateMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....15

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%) ..........................................—Female teachers, secondary education (%).....................................—Female teachers, tertiary education (%)...........................................—



Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority....................................................—Female genital mutilation .....................................................................—Polygamy.................................................................................................—Existence of legislation punishing acts of violence against women...............................................................—




2010 .................70 83 0.852009 .................69 82 0.842008 .................68 81 0.842007 .................67 81 0.832006 .................56 71 0.80


2010 .......................................4.702009 .......................................4.752008 .......................................4.452007 .......................................4.852006 .......................................4.58


2010 ..........28,759 40,000 0.722009 ..........27,866 38,152 0.732008 ..........26,311 37,414 0.702007 ..........24,966 35,832 0.702006 ..........24,827 34,446 0.72


2010 .................37 63 0.582009 .................37 63 0.592008 .................38 62 0.602007 .................37 63 0.592006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 .................54 46 1.162009 .................57 43 1.302008 .................56 44 1.282007 .................55 45 1.222006 .................55 45 1.22



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................97 96 1.012009 .................97 97 1.012008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................96 96 1.002006 .................96 96 1.00


2010 .................89 87 1.022009 .................89 87 1.022008 .................88 87 1.022007 .................86 85 1.012006 .................86 85 1.01


2010 .................87 67 1.302009 .................85 66 1.292008 .................82 64 1.282007 .................80 65 1.232006 .................80 65 1.23



2010 .................27 73 0.382009 .................27 73 0.362008 .................27 73 0.362007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 .................23 77 0.302009 .................24 76 0.322008 .................24 76 0.322007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Australia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 23 0.727Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 20 0.728






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Austria 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 37 0.709

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................8.34Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.43GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................225.24GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................49,599



Economic Participation and Opportunity 92 0.595 0.590Labour force participation .........................................45 0.84 0.69 68 81 0.84Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............126 0.47 0.65 — — 0.47Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................85 0.53 0.53 21,380 40,000 0.53Legislators, senior officials, and managers............66 0.39 0.27 28 72 0.39Professional and technical workers ........................75 0.87 0.64 47 53 0.87

Educational Attainment 75 0.989 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 98 97 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ........................104 0.95 0.92 — — 0.95Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 59 50 1.19


Political Empowerment 26 0.274 0.179Women in parliament..................................................25 0.39 0.22 28 72 0.39Women in ministerial positions...................................9 0.63 0.18 38 62 0.63Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................51Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............Statutory health insurance,

family burden equalization fund, or employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....12








2010 .................68 81 0.842009 .................67 80 0.842008 .................65 77 0.832007 .................64 77 0.822006 .................50 65 0.76


2010 .......................................3.262009 .......................................3.342008 .......................................3.332007 .......................................3.612006 .......................................3.45


2010 ..........21,380 40,000 0.532009 ..........16,047 40,000 0.402008 ..........18,397 40,000 0.462007 ..........20,032 40,000 0.442006 ..........15,878 40,000 0.35


2010 .................28 72 0.392009 .................27 73 0.362008 .................29 71 0.402007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................27 73 0.37


2010 .................47 53 0.872009 .................48 52 0.922008 .................48 52 0.932007 .................46 54 0.852006 .................49 51 0.96



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................98 97 1.012009 .................98 97 1.012008 .................98 97 1.012007..................— — 0.992006..................— — 0.99


2010..................— — 0.952009..................— — 0.952008..................— — 0.952007..................— — 0.952006..................— — 0.95


2010 .................59 50 1.192009 .................56 46 1.202008 .................55 45 1.212007 .................54 46 1.192006 .................54 46 1.19



2010 .................28 72 0.392009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................32 68 0.47


2010 .................38 62 0.632009 .................38 62 0.632008 .................38 62 0.632007 .................35 65 0.552006 .................35 65 0.55


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Austria 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 37 0.709Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 42 0.703






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Azerbaijan 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 100 0.645

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................8.68Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.14GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................18.50GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................5,315



Economic Participation and Opportunity 73 0.635 0.590Labour force participation .........................................15 0.91 0.69 65 71 0.91Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................36 0.72 0.65 — — 0.72Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................106 0.44 0.53 4,836 11,037 0.44Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........118 0.08 0.27 7 93 0.08Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 54 46 1.17

Educational Attainment 93 0.967 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................59 0.99 0.86 99 100 0.99Enrolment in primary education................................98 0.99 0.98 95 97 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ..........................92 0.98 0.92 97 99 0.98Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................100 0.83 0.86 14 17 0.83



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................89Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................51Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................32Length of maternity leave ........................................126 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................82Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....44








2010 .................65 71 0.912009 .................67 76 0.872008 .................67 78 0.862007 .................66 78 0.852006..................— — —


2010 .......................................5.062009 .......................................5.382008 .......................................5.902007 .......................................5.062006 .....................................—


2010 ............4,836 11,037 0.442009 ............4,915 7,495 0.662008 ............3,960 6,137 0.652007 ............3,262 5,096 0.642006..................— — —


2010 ...................7 93 0.082009 ...................5 95 0.052008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................54 46 1.172009 .................53 47 1.112008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................99 100 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................99 100 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006..................— — —



2010 .................95 97 0.992009 .................95 96 0.992008 .................83 86 0.972007 .................84 85 0.982006..................— — —


2010 .................97 99 0.982009 .................82 84 0.972008 .................76 79 0.962007 .................76 79 0.972006..................— — —


2010 .................14 17 0.832009 .................14 16 0.882008 .................14 15 0.942007 .................14 16 0.902006..................— — —



2010 .................11 89 0.132009 .................11 89 0.132008 .................11 89 0.132007 .................11 89 0.132006 .................11 89 0.13


2010 ...................3 97 0.032009 ...................7 93 0.072008 ...................7 93 0.072007 .................15 85 0.182006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Azerbaijan 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 100 0.645Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 89 0.663






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Bahamas 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 36 0.713

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................0.34Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.21GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................6.09GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................21,684



Economic Participation and Opportunity 4 0.829 0.590Labour force participation .........................................21 0.90 0.69 74 83 0.90Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................21 0.72 0.53 16,971 23,669 0.72Legislators, senior officials, and managers............10 0.76 0.27 43 57 0.76Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 63 37 1.73

Educational Attainment 1 1.000 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 97 95 1.02Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 92 90 1.02Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 87 83 1.05Enrolment in tertiary education................................— — 0.86 — — —



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................62Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................9Length of maternity leave ........................................................13 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;

benefits by the National Insurance Board are paid for 13 weeks, by the employer for 12 weeks

Provider of maternity coverage .......National Insurance Board (2/3) and employer (1/3)

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................16Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....43

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%)...........................................87Female teachers, secondary education (%) .....................................70Female teachers, tertiary education (%)...........................................—


Ability of women to rise to positions of enterprise leadership*..................................................................—



Bahrain 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 110 0.622

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................0.78Population growth (%) .............................................................................2.09GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................13.16GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................28,240



Economic Participation and Opportunity 115 0.497 0.590Labour force participation .......................................123 0.39 0.69 34 86 0.39Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................15 0.76 0.65 — — 0.76Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................90 0.51 0.53 19,873 39,060 0.51Legislators, senior officials, and managers............82 0.29 0.27 22 78 0.29Professional and technical workers ......................114 0.22 0.64 18 82 0.22

Educational Attainment 60 0.991 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................75 0.97 0.86 89 92 0.97Enrolment in primary education................................86 0.99 0.98 97 98 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 92 87 1.05Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 44 18 2.53



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................62Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................10Length of maternity leave ...........................................................45 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................32Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....15








2010 .................34 86 0.392009 .................35 86 0.412008 .................31 89 0.352007 .................31 89 0.342006 .................29 88 0.33


2010 .......................................5.342009 .......................................5.112008 .......................................4.672007 .......................................4.612006 .......................................4.59


2010 ..........19,873 39,060 0.512009 ..........17,342 40,000 0.432008 ..........10,496 29,796 0.352007 ............9,654 29,107 0.332006 ............7,685 24,909 0.31


2010 .................22 78 0.292009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................10 90 0.112007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................18 82 0.222009 .................33 67 0.492008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................19 81 0.23



2010 .................89 92 0.972009 .................86 90 0.952008 .................86 90 0.962007 .................84 89 0.942006 .................84 89 0.94



2010 .................97 98 0.992009 .................98 98 1.002008 .................98 98 1.002007 .................97 97 1.002006 .................97 96 1.01


2010 .................92 87 1.052009 .................96 91 1.052008 .................96 91 1.052007 .................93 87 1.072006 .................93 87 1.07


2010 .................44 18 2.532009 .................47 19 2.462008 .................47 19 2.462007 .................50 22 2.232006 .................45 25 1.84



2010 ...................3 98 0.032009 ...................3 98 0.032008 ...................3 98 0.032007 ...................3 98 0.032006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 .................11 89 0.122009 ...................4 96 0.052008 ...................4 96 0.052007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Bahrain 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 110 0.622Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 116 0.614






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Bangladesh 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 82 0.670

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................160.00Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.41GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................73.94GDP (PPP) per capita................................................................................497



Economic Participation and Opportunity 117 0.473 0.590Labour force participation .........................................82 0.73 0.69 62 85 0.73Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............113 0.53 0.65 — — 0.53Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................91 0.51 0.53 830 1,633 0.51Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........109 0.11 0.27 10 90 0.11Professional and technical workers ......................108 0.28 0.64 22 78 0.28

Educational Attainment 108 0.914 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................109 0.83 0.86 50 60 0.83Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 86 85 1.02Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 43 40 1.05Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................112 0.55 0.86 5 9 0.55


Political Empowerment 12 0.338 0.179Women in parliament..................................................63 0.23 0.22 19 81 0.23Women in ministerial positions.................................64 0.19 0.18 16 84 0.19Years with female head of state (last 50) ..................5 0.50 0.15 17 33 0.50

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................56Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................43Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................570Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...127








2010 .................62 85 0.732009 .................60 87 0.692008 .................55 88 0.632007 .................55 88 0.632006 .................53 86 0.61


2010 .......................................3.742009 .......................................3.512008 .......................................3.482007 .......................................3.392006 .......................................2.90


2010 ...............830 1,633 0.512009 ...............722 1,567 0.462008 ............1,282 2,792 0.462007 ............1,170 2,540 0.462006 ............1,245 2,289 0.54


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................23 77 0.312008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................23 77 0.302006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................12 88 0.132008 .................10 90 0.122007 .................12 88 0.142006 .................25 75 0.33



2010 .................50 60 0.832009 .................47 58 0.812008 .................48 59 0.822007 .................31 50 0.622006 .................31 50 0.62



2010 .................86 85 1.022009 .................90 87 1.042008 .................90 87 1.042007 .................95 92 1.022006 .................95 92 1.03


2010 .................43 40 1.052009 .................42 39 1.072008 .................42 40 1.042007 .................44 41 1.082006 .................51 45 1.11


2010 ...................5 9 0.552009 ...................5 9 0.572008 ...................4 8 0.532007 ...................4 8 0.532006 ...................4 9 0.50



2010 .................19 81 0.232009 .................19 81 0.232008..................— — —2007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 .................16 84 0.192009 ...................8 92 0.092008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 .................17 33 0.502009 .................16 34 0.452008 .................15 35 0.432007 .................15 35 0.432006 .................15 35 0.43


Bangladesh 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 82 0.670Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 93 0.653






0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000



Barbados 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 31 0.718




Economic Participation and Opportunity 7 0.787 0.590Labour force participation .........................................22 0.90 0.69 76 85 0.90Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................27 0.74 0.65 — — 0.74Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................45 0.65 0.53 14,735 22,830 0.65Legislators, senior officials, and managers..............9 0.77 0.27 43 57 0.77Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 52 48 1.09




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................55Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................10Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ..............National insurance systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................16Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....51






Belgium 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 14 0.751




Economic Participation and Opportunity 39 0.710 0.590Labour force participation .........................................52 0.83 0.69 61 73 0.83Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................62 0.66 0.65 — — 0.66Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................32 0.68 0.53 27,333 40,000 0.68Legislators, senior officials, and managers............41 0.49 0.27 33 67 0.49Professional and technical workers ........................66 0.96 0.64 49 51 0.96

Educational Attainment 62 0.991 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 99 98 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ........................100 0.96 0.92 85 89 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 70 56 1.26


Political Empowerment 16 0.324 0.179Women in parliament....................................................8 0.65 0.22 39 61 0.65Women in ministerial positions.................................15 0.50 0.18 33 67 0.50Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................75Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................15 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...........................82% for

the first 30 days and 75% for the remaining period (up to a ceiling)

Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................8Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....10








2010 .................61 73 0.832009 .................60 73 0.822008 .................58 72 0.802007 .................57 73 0.792006 .................44 60 0.73


2010 .......................................4.632009 .......................................4.292008 .......................................4.172007 .......................................4.432006 .......................................3.99


2010 ..........27,333 40,000 0.682009 ..........20,683 40,000 0.522008 ..........22,182 40,000 0.552007 ..........24,123 38,338 0.632006 ..........19,951 37,019 0.54


2010 .................33 67 0.492009 .................31 69 0.462008 .................31 69 0.462007 .................30 70 0.432006 .................31 69 0.45


2010 .................49 51 0.962009 .................49 51 0.962008 .................49 51 0.962007 .................48 52 0.922006 .................48 52 0.92



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................99 98 1.012009 .................98 98 1.012008 .................97 97 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 96 1.00


2010 .................85 89 0.962009 .................85 89 0.962008 .................85 89 0.962007 .................97 97 1.002006 .................97 96 1.01


2010 .................70 56 1.262009 .................70 55 1.262008 .................70 56 1.252007 .................69 57 1.212006 .................71 57 1.25



2010 .................39 61 0.652009 .................35 65 0.552008 .................35 65 0.552007 .................35 65 0.532006 .................35 65 0.53


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Belgium 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 14 0.751Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 33 0.717







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

Belize 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 93 0.654




Economic Participation and Opportunity 72 0.636 0.590Labour force participation .......................................101 0.60 0.69 50 83 0.60Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................107 0.43 0.53 4,021 9,398 0.43Legislators, senior officials, and managers............13 0.70 0.27 41 59 0.70Professional and technical workers ........................60 0.99 0.64 50 50 0.99




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................95Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................34Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................17Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage .............Social security or employer

(for women who are not entitled to receive benefits from social security)

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................52Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....90








2010 .................50 83 0.602009 .................49 84 0.582008 .................46 85 0.542007 .................46 85 0.542006..................— — —


2010 .....................................—2009 .....................................—2008 .....................................—2007 .....................................—2006 .....................................—


2010 ............4,021 9,398 0.432009 ............3,817 9,476 0.402008 ............4,022 10,117 0.402007 ............3,760 9,674 0.392006..................— — —


2010 .................41 59 0.702009 .................41 59 0.702008 .................41 59 0.702007 .................31 69 0.452006..................— — —


2010 .................50 50 0.992009 .................50 50 0.992008 .................50 50 0.992007 .................52 48 1.082006..................— — —



2010 .................77 77 1.002009 .................77 77 1.002008 .................77 77 1.002007 .................77 77 1.012006..................— — —



2010 .................98 98 1.002009 .................98 98 1.002008 .................97 97 1.012007 .................96 95 1.012006..................— — —


2010 .................66 61 1.092009 .................70 64 1.092008 .................69 64 1.082007 .................73 72 1.022006..................— — —


2010 .................15 8 1.852009 ...................4 2 2.432008 ...................4 2 2.432007 ...................4 2 2.432006..................— — —



2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................7 93 0.072006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 .................18 82 0.222008 .................18 82 0.222007 ...................6 94 0.072006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 0 0.002006..................— — —


Belize 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 93 0.654Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 87 0.664







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EducationHealthEconomics

Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Benin 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 128 0.572

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................8.66Population growth (%) .............................................................................3.15GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................3.12GDP (PPP) per capita................................................................................771



Economic Participation and Opportunity 85 0.605 0.590Labour force participation .........................................30 0.88 0.69 69 78 0.88Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................26 0.75 0.65 — — 0.75Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................89 0.52 0.53 892 1,726 0.52Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........119 0.08 0.27 7 93 0.08Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 133 0.646 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................131 0.53 0.86 28 54 0.53Enrolment in primary education..............................127 0.87 0.98 86 99 0.87Enrolment in secondary education ........................131 0.49 0.92 13 26 0.49Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................128 0.25 0.86 2 7 0.25



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................78Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................17Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................76Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage...........................Social security (1/2)

and employer (1/2)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................840Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...114

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%)...........................................19Female teachers, secondary education (%) .....................................12Female teachers, tertiary education (%) .............................................9







2010 .................69 78 0.882009 .................60 86 0.692008 .................55 86 0.632007 .................55 87 0.632006 .................54 86 0.62


2010 .......................................5.222009 .......................................5.122008 .......................................4.782007 .......................................5.282006 .......................................5.76


2010 ...............892 1,726 0.522009 ...............805 1,706 0.472008 ...............732 1,543 0.472007 ...............702 1,475 0.482006 ...............910 1,316 0.69


2010 ...................7 93 0.082009 ...................7 93 0.082008 ...................7 93 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................28 54 0.532009 .................27 52 0.522008 .................28 53 0.532007 .................23 48 0.492006 .................23 48 0.49



2010 .................86 99 0.872009 .................73 87 0.842008 .................73 87 0.842007 .................70 86 0.812006 .................72 93 0.78


2010 .................13 26 0.492009 .................11 23 0.492008 .................11 23 0.492007..................— — 0.492006 .................11 23 0.49


2010 ...................2 7 0.252009 ...................2 7 0.252008..................— — 0.292007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................11 89 0.122009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................22 78 0.292008 .................22 78 0.292007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................19 81 0.23


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Benin 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 128 0.572Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 131 0.564







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Bolivia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 76 0.675





Educational Attainment 97 0.959 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................100 0.90 0.86 86 96 0.90Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 94 93 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ..........................83 0.99 0.92 70 70 0.99Enrolment in tertiary education ................................99 0.84 0.86 35 42 0.84



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................66Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................61Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................46Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...........................100% of

national minimum wage plus 70% of wages above minimum wage

Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................290Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....88








2010 .................64 83 0.772009 .................68 84 0.812008 .................65 85 0.772007 .................65 84 0.772006 .................63 84 0.74


2010 .......................................3.692009 .......................................3.152008 .......................................3.142007 .......................................3.712006 .......................................3.32


2010 ............3,198 5,222 0.612009 ............2,924 5,057 0.582008 ............2,059 3,584 0.572007 ............1,983 3,462 0.572006 ............1,615 3,573 0.45


2010 .................29 71 0.412009 .................36 64 0.562008 .................36 64 0.562007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 .................40 60 0.682009 .................40 60 0.652008 .................40 60 0.672007 .................40 60 0.672006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................86 96 0.902009 .................85 95 0.892008 .................85 95 0.902007 .................81 93 0.872006 .................81 93 0.87



2010 .................94 93 1.012009 .................94 93 1.012008 .................95 94 1.012007 .................96 94 1.012006 .................96 95 1.01


2010 .................70 70 0.992009 .................70 70 0.992008 .................70 72 0.982007 .................72 73 0.992006 .................73 74 0.99


2010 .................35 42 0.842009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006 .................21 39 0.55



2010 .................25 75 0.342009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................24 76 0.312007 ...................7 93 0.072006 ...................7 93 0.07


2010 ...................1 49 0.012009 ...................1 49 0.012008 ...................1 49 0.012007 ...................1 49 0.022006 ...................1 49 0.02


Bolivia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 76 0.675Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 82 0.669







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Botswana 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 62 0.688








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................94Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................44Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................26Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................25Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................380Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....51








2010 .................76 82 0.922009 .................51 64 0.792008 .................48 71 0.672007 .................47 68 0.682006 .................45 67 0.67


2010 .......................................5.402009 .......................................5.482008 .......................................5.842007 .......................................5.322006 .......................................5.33


2010 ............9,961 17,307 0.582009 ..........10,275 15,240 0.672008 ............5,913 19,094 0.312007 ............5,322 14,738 0.362006 ............6,617 10,816 0.61


2010 .................30 70 0.442009 .................33 67 0.492008 .................31 69 0.452007 .................31 69 0.452006 .................31 69 0.45


2010 .................55 45 1.242009 .................51 49 1.052008 .................53 47 1.132007 .................53 47 1.132006 .................53 47 1.13



2010 .................84 83 1.002009 .................82 82 1.002008 .................83 83 1.002007 .................82 80 1.022006 .................82 80 1.02



2010 .................88 86 1.022009 .................85 83 1.032008 .................85 83 1.032007 .................83 83 1.002006 .................83 81 1.03


2010 .................67 62 1.092009 .................60 52 1.142008 .................60 52 1.142007 .................58 51 1.152006 .................64 58 1.10


2010 ...................8 7 1.152009 ...................5 5 1.002008 ...................5 5 1.002007 ...................4 5 0.982006 ...................6 7 0.85



2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 .................12 88 0.132009 .................28 72 0.382008 .................28 72 0.382007 .................27 73 0.362006 .................27 73 0.36


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Botswana 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 62 0.688Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 39 0.707







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Brazil 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 85 0.665

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................191.97Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.97GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................853.81GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................8,205



Economic Participation and Opportunity 66 0.643 0.590Labour force participation .........................................73 0.75 0.69 64 85 0.75Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............123 0.50 0.65 — — 0.50Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................60 0.60 0.53 7,190 12,006 0.60Legislators, senior officials, and managers............30 0.56 0.27 36 64 0.56Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 52 48 1.09

Educational Attainment 63 0.990 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 90 90 1.01Enrolment in primary education..............................104 0.98 0.98 93 95 0.98Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 85 78 1.10Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 39 30 1.29



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................97Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................77Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................18Length of maternity leave .........................................................120 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................110Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....56








2010 .................64 85 0.752009 .................64 86 0.752008 .................62 83 0.742007 .................61 84 0.732006 .................57 80 0.71


2010 .......................................3.502009 .......................................3.672008 .......................................4.042007 .......................................3.972006 .......................................3.60


2010 ............7,190 12,006 0.602009 ............6,426 11,521 0.562008 ............6,204 10,664 0.582007 ............6,004 10,447 0.572006 ............4,704 10,963 0.43


2010 .................36 64 0.562009 .................35 65 0.542008 .................34 66 0.522007 .................34 66 0.522006 .................37 63 0.59


2010 .................52 48 1.092009 .................53 47 1.112008 .................52 48 1.082007 .................53 47 1.132006 .................62 38 1.63



2010 .................90 90 1.012009 .................90 89 1.012008 .................91 90 1.012007 .................89 88 1.002006 .................89 88 1.00



2010 .................93 95 0.982009 .................93 93 1.002008 .................95 93 1.022007..................— — 0.942006..................— — 0.94


2010 .................85 78 1.102009 .................81 73 1.112008 .................83 75 1.112007 .................78 73 1.072006 .................81 73 1.10


2010 .................39 30 1.292009 .................34 26 1.292008 .................29 22 1.302007..................— — —2006 .................20 19 1.02



2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.09


2010 ...................7 93 0.082009 .................11 89 0.132008 .................11 89 0.132007 .................11 89 0.132006 .................11 89 0.13


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Brazil 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 85 0.665Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 81 0.670







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Brunei Darussalam 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 77 0.675


Mean age of marriage for women (years) ..............................................25Fertility rate (births per woman) ............................................................2.10Year women received right to vote..........................................................—Overall population sex ratio (male/female) ..........................................1.06


Economic Participation and Opportunity 26 0.740 0.590Labour force participation .........................................62 0.80 0.69 62 78 0.80Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................31 0.73 0.65 — — 0.73Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................3 0.92 0.53 36,838 40,000 0.92Legislators, senior officials, and managers............34 0.54 0.27 35 65 0.54Professional and technical workers ........................91 0.58 0.64 37 63 0.58



Political Empowerment 131 0.000 0.179Women in parliament .................................................— — 0.22 — — —Women in ministerial positions...............................128 0.00 0.18 0 100 0.00Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of paid maternity leave............................................................—Maternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).....................................—Provider of maternity coverage ..........................................................—Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................13Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....26


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%) ......................................................4Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).....................................................................30




Bulgaria 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 50 0.698

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................7.62Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.48GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................19.59GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................6,546







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................63Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................9Length of paid maternity leave ................................................135 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................90Provider of maternity coverage ....................Public social insurance

(the General Sickness and Maternity Fund)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................11Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....38








2010 .................62 73 0.852009 .................58 67 0.872008 .................52 62 0.832007 .................52 63 0.842006 .................41 53 0.78


2010 .......................................3.882009 .......................................4.192008 .......................................4.482007 .......................................4.392006 .......................................4.13


2010 ............9,132 13,439 0.682009 ............8,219 12,459 0.662008 ............7,176 11,010 0.652007 ............6,406 9,855 0.652006 ............6,212 9,334 0.67


2010 .................32 68 0.482009 .................31 69 0.462008 .................32 68 0.462007 .................33 67 0.492006 .................30 70 0.43


2010 .................61 39 1.552009 .................61 39 1.582008 .................62 38 1.612007 .................61 39 1.562006 .................34 66 0.52



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.982008 .................98 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99



2010 .................96 96 1.002009 .................94 95 0.992008 .................92 93 0.992007 .................95 96 0.992006 .................95 96 0.99


2010 .................82 85 0.972009 .................87 89 0.992008 .................88 90 0.982007 .................87 90 0.982006 .................87 90 0.98


2010 .................58 44 1.302009 .................55 45 1.222008 .................50 41 1.212007 .................44 38 1.162006 .................44 38 1.16



2010 .................21 79 0.262009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................22 78 0.282007 .................22 78 0.282006 .................22 78 0.28


2010 .................18 82 0.212009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................24 76 0.312007 .................24 76 0.312006 .................24 76 0.31


2010 ...................0 50 0.012009 ...................0 50 0.012008 ...................0 50 0.012007 ...................0 50 0.012006 ...................0 50 0.01


Bulgaria 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 50 0.698Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 38 0.707







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Burkina Faso 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 111 0.616

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................15.23Population growth (%) .............................................................................3.42GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................4.00GDP (PPP) per capita................................................................................522



Economic Participation and Opportunity 69 0.638 0.590Labour force participation .........................................32 0.88 0.69 80 91 0.88Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................4 0.81 0.65 — — 0.81Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................41 0.66 0.53 895 1,354 0.66Legislators, senior officials, and managers............98 0.16 0.27 14 86 0.16Professional and technical workers ......................105 0.35 0.64 26 74 0.35




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................54Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................17Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................92Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social security

(if necessary, the employer adds up to the full wage)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................700Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...131








2010 .................80 91 0.882009 .................80 91 0.882008 .................80 90 0.882007 .................80 90 0.882006 .................78 89 0.87


2010 .......................................5.662009 .......................................5.682008 .......................................5.612007 .......................................5.492006 .......................................5.37


2010 ...............895 1,354 0.662009 ...............861 1,306 0.662008 ...............966 1,458 0.662007 ...............930 1,405 0.662006 ...............986 1,357 0.73


2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 .................14 86 0.162006 .................14 86 0.16


2010 .................26 74 0.352009 .................26 74 0.352008 .................26 74 0.352007 .................26 74 0.352006 .................26 74 0.35



2010 .................22 37 0.592009 .................18 34 0.522008 .................22 37 0.592007 .................15 29 0.522006 .................15 29 0.52



2010 .................59 67 0.892009 .................54 62 0.862008 .................42 52 0.822007 .................40 50 0.792006 .................35 46 0.77


2010 .................13 18 0.742009 .................12 16 0.742008 .................10 14 0.712007 ...................9 13 0.702006 ...................8 11 0.68


2010 ...................2 5 0.492009 ...................2 4 0.502008 ...................1 3 0.462007 ...................1 3 0.452006 ...................1 3 0.29



2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................12 88 0.132006 .................12 88 0.13


2010 .................18 82 0.222009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................15 85 0.172006 .................15 85 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Burkina Faso 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 111 0.616Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 120 0.608







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Cambodia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 97 0.648




Economic Participation and Opportunity 68 0.638 0.590Labour force participation .........................................34 0.87 0.69 76 87 0.87Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................23 0.75 0.65 — — 0.75Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................35 0.68 0.53 1,465 2,158 0.68Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........100 0.16 0.27 14 86 0.16Professional and technical workers ......................101 0.48 0.64 33 67 0.48




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................44Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................40Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................69Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................50Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................540Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....52








2010 .................76 87 0.872009 .................77 88 0.882008 .................78 82 0.962007 .................78 81 0.962006 .................74 80 0.93


2010 .......................................5.232009 .......................................5.082008 .......................................4.982007 .......................................5.102006 .......................................5.38


2010 ............1,465 2,158 0.682009 ............1,392 1,858 0.752008 ............2,332 3,149 0.742007 ............2,077 2,793 0.742006 ............1,807 2,368 0.76


2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 .................14 86 0.162006 .................14 86 0.16


2010 .................33 67 0.482009 .................33 67 0.482008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................33 67 0.492006 .................33 67 0.49



2010 .................71 85 0.832009 .................67 86 0.782008 .................68 86 0.792007 .................64 85 0.762006 .................64 85 0.76



2010 .................87 90 0.962009 .................87 91 0.962008 .................89 91 0.982007 .................98 100 0.982006 .................96 100 0.96


2010 .................32 36 0.882009 .................32 36 0.882008 .................28 33 0.852007 .................22 27 0.842006 .................22 30 0.73


2010 ...................5 9 0.542009 ...................4 7 0.562008 ...................3 6 0.502007 ...................2 5 0.462006 ...................2 4 0.46



2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................16 84 0.192008 .................20 81 0.242007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 ...................7 93 0.072008 ...................7 93 0.072007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Cambodia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 97 0.648Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 104 0.641







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Cameroon 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 114 0.611




Economic Participation and Opportunity 105 0.541 0.590Labour force participation .........................................90 0.66 0.69 54 82 0.66Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................14 0.77 0.65 — — 0.77Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................87 0.53 0.53 1,467 2,791 0.53Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........107 0.11 0.27 10 90 0.11Professional and technical workers ......................106 0.32 0.64 24 76 0.32




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................63Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................29Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................82Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage......National Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..........................1000Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...141








2010 .................54 82 0.662009 .................53 76 0.702008 .................54 81 0.672007 .................54 81 0.662006 .................52 80 0.65


2010 .......................................5.382009 .......................................4.922008 .......................................5.082007 .......................................4.882006 .......................................4.79


2010 ............1,467 2,791 0.532009 ............1,359 2,726 0.502008 ............1,519 3,086 0.492007 ............1,435 2,921 0.492006 ............1,310 2,940 0.45


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................24 76 0.322009 .................24 76 0.322008 .................24 76 0.322007 .................24 76 0.322006 .................24 76 0.32



2010 .................68 84 0.812009 .................60 77 0.782008 .................60 77 0.782007 .................60 77 0.782006 .................60 77 0.78



2010 .................82 94 0.872009..................— — 0.852008..................— — 0.852007..................— — 0.852006..................— — 0.85


2010..................— — 0.912009..................— — 0.912008..................— — 0.912007..................— — 0.912006..................— — 0.91


2010 ...................8 10 0.792009 ...................6 8 0.792008 ...................6 8 0.722007 ...................5 7 0.662006 ...................4 6 0.64



2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 .................12 88 0.132009 .................12 88 0.132008 .................12 88 0.132007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Cameroon 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 114 0.611Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 118 0.611







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Canada 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 20 0.737





Educational Attainment 35 0.998 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 100 99 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ..........................86 0.99 0.92 — — 0.99Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 72 53 1.36



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................74Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ........................................................17 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ......55% up to a ceiling;

benefits paid vary by province and jurisdictionProvider of maternity coverage ...............................Federal and state

employment insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................7Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....14








2010 .................75 83 0.902009 .................75 83 0.902008 .................73 83 0.892007 .................73 83 0.882006 .................60 72 0.84


2010 .......................................5.322009 .......................................5.242008 .......................................4.992007 .......................................5.042006 .......................................4.98


2010 ..........28,315 40,000 0.712009 ..........26,055 40,000 0.652008 ..........25,448 40,000 0.642007 ..........24,277 38,374 0.632006 ..........23,922 37,572 0.64


2010 .................36 64 0.562009 .................37 63 0.592008 .................36 64 0.572007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................35 65 0.54


2010 .................57 43 1.302009 .................56 44 1.292008 .................56 44 1.272007 .................56 44 1.272006 .................54 46 1.17



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 ...............100 99 1.002009 ...............100 99 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007..................— — 1.002006 ...............100 99 1.00


2010..................— — 0.992009..................— — 0.992008..................— — 0.992007..................— — 0.992006 .................94 94 0.99


2010 .................72 53 1.362009 .................72 53 1.362008 .................72 53 1.362007..................— — 1.362006 .................70 51 1.36



2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................21 79 0.262006 .................21 79 0.26


2010 .................30 70 0.422009 .................16 84 0.192008 .................16 84 0.192007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 ...................0 50 0.012009 ...................0 50 0.012008 ...................0 50 0.012007 ...................0 50 0.012006 ...................0 50 0.01


Canada 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 20 0.737Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 25 0.720







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Chad 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 133 0.533




Economic Participation and Opportunity 77 0.627 0.590Labour force participation .........................................53 0.82 0.69 63 78 0.82Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................54 0.68 0.65 — — 0.68Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................26 0.70 0.53 1,219 1,739 0.70Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........103 0.15 0.27 13 87 0.15Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................12Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%).................................3Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).......................................124Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................50Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..........................1500Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...193

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%)...........................................28Female teachers, secondary education (%) .......................................5Female teachers, tertiary education (%) .............................................1

Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%)....................................................—Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).......................................................................6






2010 .................63 78 0.822009 .................72 77 0.942008 .................66 77 0.862007 .................66 77 0.862006 .................66 77 0.85


2010 .......................................4.772009 .......................................4.832008 .......................................4.362007 .......................................5.352006 .......................................4.67


2010 ............1,219 1,739 0.702009 ............1,169 1,775 0.662008 ............1,126 1,735 0.652007 ............1,644 2,545 0.652006 ...............902 1,525 0.59


2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................13 87 0.152008 .................13 87 0.152007 .................13 87 0.152006 .................13 87 0.15


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................22 44 0.502009 .................13 41 0.312008 .................13 41 0.312007 .................13 41 0.312006 .................13 41 0.31



2010 .................50 72 0.702009 .................49 71 0.702008 .................50 72 0.692007 .................50 72 0.692006 .................46 68 0.68


2010 ...................5 16 0.332009 ...................5 16 0.332008 ...................5 16 0.312007 ...................5 16 0.332006 ...................5 16 0.33


2010 ...................0 3 0.152009 ...................0 2 0.142008 ...................0 2 0.142007 ...................0 2 0.142006 ...................0 1 0.17



2010 ...................5 95 0.052009 ...................5 95 0.052008 ...................5 95 0.052007 ...................7 94 0.072006 ...................7 94 0.07

Women in ministerial positions\Year Female Male Female-to-male ratio

2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 .................17 83 0.212008 .................17 83 0.212007 .................12 89 0.132006 .................12 89 0.13


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Chad 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 133 0.533Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 133 0.542







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Chile 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 48 0.701




Economic Participation and Opportunity 108 0.534 0.590Labour force participation .......................................102 0.60 0.69 47 78 0.60Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............124 0.49 0.65 — — 0.49Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................113 0.42 0.53 8,188 19,694 0.42Legislators, senior officials, and managers............74 0.32 0.27 24 76 0.32Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 51 50 1.02




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................64Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................7Length of maternity leave ........................................................18 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................16Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....49








2010 .................47 78 0.602009 .................44 77 0.572008 .................41 75 0.552007 .................41 76 0.542006 .................37 70 0.52


2010 .......................................3.462009 .......................................3.372008 .......................................3.342007 .......................................3.512006 .......................................3.52


2010 ............8,188 19,694 0.422009 ............7,557 18,500 0.412008 ............6,871 17,293 0.402007 ............6,134 15,715 0.392006 ............5,753 14,872 0.39


2010 .................24 76 0.322009 .................24 76 0.322008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................24 76 0.322006 .................24 76 0.32


2010 .................51 50 1.022009 .................50 50 1.002008 .................52 48 1.082007 .................52 48 1.082006 .................52 48 1.08



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 .................96 97 1.002008 .................96 97 1.002007 .................96 96 1.002006 .................96 96 1.00



2010 .................94 95 0.992009 .................94 95 0.992008..................— — 0.972007..................— — 0.972006..................— — 0.97


2010 .................87 84 1.032009 .................87 84 1.032008..................— — 1.012007..................— — 1.012006..................— — 1.01


2010 .................52 52 1.012009 .................52 52 1.012008 .................46 47 1.002007 .................42 44 0.952006 .................42 44 0.95



2010 .................14 86 0.172009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 .................45 55 0.832009 .................41 59 0.692008 .................41 59 0.692007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 ...................4 46 0.092009 ...................3 47 0.072008 ...................2 48 0.052007 ...................1 49 0.032006 ...................1 50 0.01


Chile 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 48 0.701Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 64 0.688







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


China 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 61 0.688

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ................................................................1,324.66Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.51GDP (US$ billions)..............................................................................2,602.57GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................3,267




Educational Attainment 88 0.981 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................91 0.94 0.86 91 97 0.94Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 — — 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ..........................96 0.97 0.92 — — 0.97Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 23 22 1.04

Health and Survival 133 0.929 0.955Sex ratio at birth (female/male) ..............................134 0.88 0.92 — — 0.88Healthy life expectancy..............................................74 1.05 1.04 68 65 1.05


Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................87Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................18Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;

the social insurance program applies to urban areas and the maternity insurance program covers all employees

in urban enterprises, including all state-owned enterprises, regardless of their location

Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................45Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......5








2010 .................74 85 0.882009 .................77 85 0.912008 .................75 88 0.862007 .................76 88 0.862006 .................69 82 0.84


2010 .......................................4.902009 .......................................4.992008 .......................................5.152007 .......................................4.862006 .......................................4.27


2010 ............4,323 6,375 0.682009 ............3,644 5,646 0.652008 ............5,220 8,213 0.642007 ............4,561 7,159 0.642006 ............3,961 5,976 0.66


2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................12 88 0.142006 .................12 88 0.14


2010 .................52 48 1.072009 .................52 48 1.082008 .................52 48 1.082007 .................45 55 0.822006 .................45 55 0.82



2010 .................91 97 0.942009 .................90 96 0.932008 .................90 96 0.932007 .................87 95 0.912006 .................87 95 0.91



2010..................— — 1.002009..................— — 1.002008..................— — 1.002007..................— — 1.002006..................— — 1.00


2010..................— — 0.972009..................— — 0.972008..................— — 0.972007..................— — 0.972006..................— — 0.97


2010 .................23 22 1.042009 .................23 23 1.012008 .................21 22 0.982007 .................17 21 0.852006 .................17 21 0.85



2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010 .................12 88 0.132009 ...................9 91 0.092008 ...................9 91 0.092007 ...................6 94 0.072006 ...................6 94 0.07


2010 ...................4 47 0.082009 ...................4 46 0.082008 ...................4 46 0.082007 ...................2 48 0.032006 ...................2 48 0.03


China 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 61 0.688Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 60 0.691







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Colombia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 55 0.693




Economic Participation and Opportunity 45 0.694 0.590Labour force participation .......................................113 0.55 0.69 43 80 0.55Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................99 0.59 0.65 — — 0.59Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................24 0.71 0.53 7,138 10,080 0.71Legislators, senior officials, and managers..............7 0.86 0.27 46 54 0.86Professional and technical workers ........................62 0.98 0.64 50 51 0.98

Educational Attainment 44 0.996 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 93 93 1.00Enrolment in primary education................................78 0.99 0.98 90 90 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 75 68 1.09Enrolment in tertiary education ................................91 0.99 0.86 35 36 0.99



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................96Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................78Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................16Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................130Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....96








2010 .................43 80 0.552009 .................69 83 0.842008 .................67 85 0.782007 .................66 85 0.772006 .................61 81 0.76


2010 .......................................4.132009 .......................................4.132008 .......................................4.252007 .......................................4.432006 .......................................4.17


2010 ............7,138 10,080 0.712009 ............4,898 7,902 0.622008 ............5,680 8,966 0.632007 ............5,356 9,202 0.582006 ............4,557 8,892 0.51


2010 .................46 54 0.862009 .................38 62 0.612008 .................38 62 0.612007 .................38 62 0.612006 .................38 62 0.61


2010 .................50 51 0.982009 .................49 51 0.962008 .................50 50 1.002007 .................50 50 1.002006 .................50 50 1.00



2010 .................93 93 1.002009 .................92 92 1.002008 .................93 94 1.002007 .................93 93 1.002006 .................93 93 1.00



2010 .................90 90 0.992009 .................87 87 1.002008 .................88 89 1.002007 .................87 87 1.002006 .................84 83 1.01


2010 .................75 68 1.092009 .................71 64 1.112008 .................68 61 1.112007 .................58 52 1.112006 .................58 52 1.11


2010 .................35 36 0.992009 .................33 30 1.092008 .................32 30 1.092007 .................29 27 1.092006 .................28 26 1.09



2010 .................10 90 0.112009 ...................8 92 0.092008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................8 92 0.092006 .................12 88 0.14


2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Colombia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 55 0.693Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 56 0.694







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Costa Rica 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 28 0.719




Economic Participation and Opportunity 98 0.579 0.590Labour force participation .......................................104 0.58 0.69 49 84 0.58Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................72 0.66 0.65 — — 0.66Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................99 0.46 0.53 6,788 14,763 0.46Legislators, senior officials, and managers............57 0.44 0.27 30 70 0.44Professional and technical workers ........................81 0.77 0.64 43 57 0.77

Educational Attainment 46 0.995 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 96 96 1.01Enrolment in primary education................................92 0.99 0.98 — — 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 67 62 1.08Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 28 23 1.26



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................94Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................80Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................10Length of maternity leave.........................................................4 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100;

in cases where the employee does not fulfill the prerequisites to receive social security benefits,

the employer shall pay two-thirds of the remunerationProvider of maternity coverage...........................50% social security,

50% employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................30Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....63








2010 .................49 84 0.582009 .................47 83 0.562008 .................50 85 0.592007 .................49 85 0.572006 .................45 81 0.56


2010 .......................................4.592009 .......................................4.542008 .......................................4.562007 .......................................4.632006 .......................................4.25


2010 ............6,788 14,763 0.462009 ............7,073 12,591 0.562008 ............6,983 13,271 0.532007 ............5,969 12,878 0.462006 ............5,236 14,000 0.37


2010 .................30 70 0.442009 .................27 73 0.372008 .................30 70 0.432007 .................26 74 0.352006 .................29 71 0.41


2010 .................43 57 0.772009 .................42 58 0.722008 .................42 58 0.712007 .................40 60 0.672006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................96 96 1.012009 .................96 96 1.002008 .................96 96 1.002007 .................95 95 1.002006 .................95 95 1.00



2010..................— — 0.992009..................— — 0.992008..................— — 0.992007..................— — 0.992006..................— — 0.99


2010 .................67 62 1.082009 .................67 62 1.072008..................— — 1.052007..................— — 1.052006..................— — 1.05


2010 .................28 23 1.262009 .................28 23 1.262008 .................28 23 1.262007 .................28 23 1.252006 .................28 23 1.25



2010 .................39 61 0.632009 .................37 63 0.582008 .................37 63 0.582007 .................39 61 0.632006 .................39 61 0.63


2010 .................35 65 0.542009 .................29 71 0.422008 .................29 71 0.422007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Costa Rica 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 28 0.719Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 27 0.718







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Côte d’Ivoire 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 130 0.569


Mean age of marriage for women (years) ..............................................22Fertility rate (births per woman) ...............................................................—Year women received right to vote ......................................................1952Overall population sex ratio (male/female) ..........................................1.04


Economic Participation and Opportunity 106 0.539 0.590Labour force participation .........................................95 0.62 0.69 51 83 0.62Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................85 0.63 0.65 — — 0.63Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................119 0.34 0.53 852 2,500 0.34Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................57Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................72Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................81Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......6

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%)...........................................23Female teachers, secondary education (%).....................................—Female teachers, tertiary education (%)...........................................—





Croatia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 53 0.694

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................4.43Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.05GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................30.13GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................15,637







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave............................................................1+ yearMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).......................100% until

the child reaches the age of six months, then at a flat rate determined by the Act on the Execution of the State Budget

for the remaining periodProvider of maternity coverage......................Health Insurance Fund

(until the child reaches the age of 6 months), and the rest is paid from the State Budget

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................7Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....13








2010 .................59 71 0.832009 .................57 71 0.802008 .................58 71 0.822007 .................58 71 0.812006 .................45 60 0.74


2010 .......................................3.892009 .......................................3.922008 .......................................3.872007 .......................................4.592006 .......................................4.64


2010 ..........12,934 19,360 0.672009 ..........11,753 17,025 0.692008 ..........10,587 15,687 0.672007 ............9,872 14,690 0.672006 ............8,047 14,351 0.56


2010 .................27 73 0.362009 .................21 79 0.262008 .................26 74 0.342007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................51 49 1.042009 .................51 49 1.032008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................52 48 1.082006 .................52 48 1.08



2010 .................98 100 0.982009 .................98 99 0.982008 .................98 99 0.992007 .................97 99 0.982006 .................97 99 0.98



2010 .................90 91 0.992009 .................90 91 0.992008 .................90 91 0.992007 .................87 88 0.992006 .................87 88 0.99


2010 .................89 87 1.022009 .................88 86 1.022008 .................88 86 1.022007 .................86 84 1.022006 .................86 84 1.02


2010 .................52 42 1.222009 .................51 41 1.232008 .................49 40 1.232007..................— — —2006 .................42 35 1.19



2010 .................24 76 0.312009 .................21 79 0.262008 .................21 79 0.262007 .................22 78 0.282006 .................22 78 0.28


2010 .................16 84 0.192009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................24 76 0.312007 .................33 67 0.502006 .................33 67 0.50


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................3 47 0.062006 ...................3 47 0.06


Croatia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 53 0.694Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 54 0.694







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Cuba 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 24 0.725

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................11.20Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.00GDP (US$ billions) .......................................................................................—GDP (PPP) per capita .................................................................................—



Economic Participation and Opportunity 84 0.609 0.590Labour force participation .........................................94 0.63 0.69 48 76 0.63Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................96 0.49 0.53 4,132 8,442 0.49Legislators, senior officials, and managers............56 0.44 0.27 30 70 0.44Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 60 40 1.48




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ........................................................18 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................45Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....42








2010 .................48 76 0.632009 .................53 78 0.672008 .................51 82 0.622007 .................51 82 0.622006..................— — —


2010 .....................................—2009 .....................................—2008 .....................................—2007 .....................................—2006 .....................................—


2010 ............4,132 8,442 0.492009 ............4,284 9,467 0.452008 ............4,268 9,489 0.452007..................— — — 2006..................— — —


2010 .................30 70 0.442009 .................29 71 0.412008 .................34 66 0.522007 .................34 66 0.512006..................— — —


2010 .................60 40 1.482009 .................60 40 1.502008 .................62 38 1.632007 .................62 38 1.662006..................— — —



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006..................— — —



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 .................99 98 1.002008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................96 98 0.982006..................— — —


2010 .................83 82 1.012009 .................85 84 1.012008 .................88 86 1.032007 .................88 87 1.022006..................— — —


2010 ...............149 88 1.682009 ...............155 92 1.692008 ...............110 67 1.652007 .................78 46 1.722006..................— — —



2010 .................43 57 0.762009 .................43 57 0.762008 .................43 57 0.762007 .................36 64 0.562006..................— — —


2010 .................25 75 0.332009 .................19 81 0.232008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................16 84 0.192006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Cuba 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 24 0.725Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 29 0.718







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Cyprus 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 86 0.664





Educational Attainment 77 0.988 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................72 0.98 0.86 97 99 0.98Enrolment in primary education................................77 0.99 0.98 98 99 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 97 95 1.02Enrolment in tertiary education ................................93 0.96 0.86 42 44 0.96



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................18 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).................75; the rate is

increased to 80% if claimant has one dependant, to 90% if she has two dependants, and to 100% if she has three dependants

Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................10Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......6








2010 .................64 80 0.812009 .................63 78 0.812008 .................64 79 0.812007 .................63 80 0.792006 .................54 71 0.76


2010 .......................................4.452009 .......................................4.182008 .......................................4.212007 .......................................4.262006 .......................................3.76


2010 ..........18,307 31,625 0.582009 ..........19,436 32,557 0.602008 ..........16,805 27,808 0.602007 ..........17,012 28,891 0.592006 ..........11,864 25,260 0.47


2010 .................16 84 0.192009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................16 84 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................18 82 0.22


2010 .................49 51 0.952009 .................48 52 0.932008 .................46 54 0.842007 .................45 55 0.822006 .................47 53 0.89



2010 .................97 99 0.982009 .................96 99 0.972008 .................97 99 0.982007 .................95 99 0.962006 .................95 99 0.96



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................96 96 1.002006 .................96 96 1.00


2010 .................97 95 1.022009 .................96 94 1.022008 .................95 93 1.022007 .................95 92 1.032006 .................95 92 1.03


2010 .................42 44 0.962009 .................36 36 0.992008 .................34 33 1.052007 .................35 36 0.982006 .................35 36 0.98



2010 .................13 88 0.142009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 .................18 82 0.222008 .................18 82 0.222007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Cyprus 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 86 0.664Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 79 0.671







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Czech Republic 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 65 0.685

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................10.42Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.87GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................79.16GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................20,673




Educational Attainment 1 1.000 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 91 88 1.03Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 — — 1.03Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 67 51 1.32



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................72Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave ........................................................28 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................69Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....11








2010 .................61 78 0.782009 .................63 78 0.812008 .................64 77 0.842007 .................64 77 0.832006 .................52 68 0.77


2010 .......................................3.592009 .......................................3.812008 .......................................3.962007 .......................................3.912006 .......................................3.60


2010 ..........17,706 30,909 0.572009 ..........16,603 27,585 0.602008 ..........13,992 27,440 0.512007 ..........13,141 26,017 0.512006 ..........12,843 20,051 0.64


2010 .................28 72 0.392009 .................29 71 0.402008 .................29 71 0.412007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................53 47 1.122009 .................53 47 1.112008 .................53 47 1.112007 .................52 48 1.082006 .................52 48 1.08



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................91 88 1.032009 .................94 91 1.032008 .................94 91 1.032007..................— — 0.982006..................— — 0.98


2010..................— — 1.032009..................— — 1.032008..................— — 1.032007..................— — 1.032006..................— — 1.03


2010 .................67 51 1.322009 .................61 49 1.262008 .................55 45 1.222007 .................45 41 1.102006 .................45 41 1.10



2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................16 85 0.182008 .................16 85 0.182007 .................16 85 0.182006 .................16 85 0.18


2010 .................18 82 0.212009 .................13 88 0.142008 .................13 88 0.142007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Czech Republic 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 65 0.685Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 74 0.679







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Denmark 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 7 0.772








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................78Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................52 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage...............Municipality and employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................3Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......6








2010 .................76 83 0.922009 .................76 83 0.922008 .................74 82 0.902007 .................74 83 0.902006 .................59 70 0.84


2010 .......................................5.052009 .......................................5.002008 .......................................4.532007 .......................................5.032006 .......................................4.63


2010 ..........30,745 40,000 0.772009 ..........29,796 40,000 0.742008 ..........28,766 39,288 0.732007 ..........27,048 36,882 0.732006 ..........26,587 36,430 0.73


2010 .................24 76 0.312009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................52 48 1.092009 .................52 48 1.072008 .................53 47 1.142007 .................52 48 1.082006 .................51 49 1.04



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................96 95 1.012009 .................96 95 1.012008 .................96 95 1.012007 .................99 97 1.012006 ...............100 100 1.00


2010 .................91 88 1.032009 .................91 88 1.032008 .................90 88 1.032007 .................93 90 1.032006 .................94 91 1.03


2010 .................94 67 1.412009 .................94 67 1.412008 .................93 67 1.392007 .................87 61 1.422006 .................87 61 1.42



2010 .................38 62 0.612009 .................38 62 0.612008 .................38 62 0.612007 .................37 63 0.582006 .................37 63 0.58


2010 .................42 58 0.732009 .................37 63 0.582008 .................37 63 0.582007 .................33 67 0.502006 .................33 67 0.50


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Denmark 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 7 0.772Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 7 0.763







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Dominican Republic 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 73 0.677








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................27Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;

if the worker is not entitled to social security benefits, the employer shall cover the full cost of benefit

Provider of maternity coverage...........................50% social security, 50% employer

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................150Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....98








2010 .................55 84 0.652009 .................60 75 0.802008 .................50 84 0.592007 .................49 84 0.582006 .................46 82 0.57


2010 .......................................4.612009 .......................................4.612008 .......................................4.472007 .......................................4.172006 .......................................4.14


2010 ............4,985 8,416 0.592009 ............3,692 8,458 0.442008 ............4,907 11,465 0.432007 ............4,376 10,461 0.422006 ............3,608 9,949 0.36


2010 .................31 69 0.442009 .................31 69 0.442008 .................32 68 0.472007 .................32 68 0.482006 .................31 69 0.45


2010 .................51 49 1.042009 .................51 49 1.042008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................51 49 1.052006 .................49 51 0.96



2010 .................88 88 1.002009 .................89 89 1.012008 .................90 89 1.012007 .................87 87 1.002006 .................87 87 1.00



2010 .................80 80 1.012009 .................79 78 1.012008 .................78 76 1.032007 .................88 87 1.012006 .................87 85 1.02


2010 .................63 52 1.222009 .................65 54 1.222008 .................57 47 1.222007 .................59 47 1.242006 .................54 45 1.21


2010 .................41 26 1.592009 .................42 27 1.592008 .................42 27 1.592007 .................41 25 1.642006 .................41 25 1.64



2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Dominican Republic 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 73 0.677Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 67 0.686







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Ecuador 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 40 0.707








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................80Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................21Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage...........................75% social security,

25% employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................210Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...100








2010 .................48 79 0.612009 .................54 80 0.672008 .................65 86 0.762007 .................64 85 0.752006 .................60 82 0.73


2010 .......................................4.302009 .......................................4.402008 .......................................3.912007 .......................................3.842006 .......................................3.49


2010 ............4,996 9,888 0.512009 ............5,189 9,075 0.572008 ............3,102 5,572 0.562007 ............2,796 5,123 0.552006 ............1,696 5,569 0.30


2010 .................28 72 0.382009 .................28 72 0.382008 .................28 72 0.382007 .................34 66 0.522006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................49 51 0.972009 .................49 51 0.972008 .................49 51 0.972007 .................49 51 0.962006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................82 87 0.942009 .................91 94 0.982008 .................92 94 0.982007 .................90 92 0.972006 .................90 92 0.97



2010 .................97 96 1.012009 .................97 96 1.012008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................98 97 1.012006 .................98 97 1.01


2010 .................62 61 1.032009 .................60 59 1.022008 .................58 57 1.032007 .................53 52 1.012006 .................53 52 1.01


2010 .................45 39 1.152009 .................39 32 1.222008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................32 68 0.482009 .................32 68 0.482008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................16 84 0.19


2010 .................33 68 0.482009 .................35 65 0.552008 .................35 65 0.552007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Ecuador 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 40 0.707Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 23 0.722







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Egypt 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 125 0.590




Economic Participation and Opportunity 121 0.453 0.590Labour force participation .......................................130 0.30 0.69 24 79 0.30Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................3 0.81 0.65 — — 0.81Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................124 0.27 0.53 2,286 8,401 0.27Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........105 0.12 0.27 11 89 0.12Professional and technical workers ........................97 0.51 0.64 34 66 0.51




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................79Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................60Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................20Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage...........................75% social security,

25% employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................130Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....27








2010 .................24 79 0.302009 .................26 75 0.342008 .................22 77 0.282007 .................22 77 0.282006 .................20 73 0.27


2010 .......................................5.692009 .......................................5.672008 .......................................5.822007 .......................................5.592006 .......................................5.30


2010 ............2,286 8,401 0.272009 ............1,963 7,924 0.252008 ............1,635 7,024 0.232007 ............1,588 6,817 0.232006 ............1,614 6,203 0.26


2010 .................11 89 0.122009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................10 90 0.122007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 .................34 66 0.512009 .................32 68 0.482008 .................31 69 0.452007 .................30 70 0.432006 .................31 69 0.45



2010 .................58 75 0.772009 .................60 83 0.722008 .................61 84 0.732007 .................59 83 0.712006 .................47 68 0.69



2010 .................92 95 0.962009 .................94 98 0.962008 .................94 98 0.962007 .................94 97 0.972006 .................94 97 0.97


2010 .................69 73 0.952009 .................78 82 0.942008..................— — 0.942007..................— — 0.942006 .................77 81 0.94


2010 .................24 31 0.772009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 ...................2 98 0.022009 ...................2 98 0.022008 ...................2 98 0.022007 ...................2 98 0.022006 ...................2 98 0.02


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................6 94 0.072008 ...................6 94 0.072007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Egypt 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 125 0.590Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 126 0.586







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


El Salvador 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 90 0.660




Economic Participation and Opportunity 102 0.553 0.590Labour force participation .........................................98 0.61 0.69 49 81 0.61Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............104 0.57 0.65 — — 0.57Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................101 0.46 0.53 3,675 8,016 0.46Legislators, senior officials, and managers............73 0.33 0.27 25 75 0.33Professional and technical workers ........................76 0.86 0.64 46 54 0.86




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................84Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................16Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................75Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social security

for insured workers, otherwise employer must payMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................170Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....67








2010 .................49 81 0.612009 .................50 82 0.612008 .................51 78 0.662007 .................50 79 0.642006 .................47 76 0.63


2010 .......................................4.012009 .......................................3.982008 .......................................3.882007 .......................................4.092006 .......................................4.13


2010 ............3,675 8,016 0.462009 ............3,670 7,343 0.502008 ............3,043 7,543 0.402007 ............3,077 7,074 0.432006 ............2,939 6,689 0.44


2010 .................25 75 0.332009 .................29 71 0.402008 .................29 71 0.402007 .................33 67 0.492006 .................32 68 0.47


2010 .................46 54 0.862009 .................48 52 0.922008 .................48 52 0.922007 .................45 55 0.822006 .................44 56 0.79



2010 .................81 87 0.932009 .................81 87 0.932008 .................83 88 0.942007 .................77 82 0.942006 .................77 82 0.94



2010 .................95 93 1.012009 .................92 92 1.012008 .................94 94 1.002007 .................93 93 1.002006 .................92 92 1.00


2010 .................56 54 1.032009 .................56 53 1.052008 .................55 53 1.052007 .................54 52 1.042006 .................49 47 1.03


2010 .................26 23 1.092009 .................24 20 1.222008 .................23 19 1.212007 .................21 17 1.232006 .................20 17 1.22



2010 .................19 81 0.242009 .................19 81 0.232008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................39 61 0.642008 .................39 61 0.642007 .................35 65 0.552006 .................35 65 0.55


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


El Salvador 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 90 0.660Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 55 0.694







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Estonia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 47 0.702

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................1.34Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.07GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................9.45GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................17,454







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................70Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ........................................140 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage......................Health Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................25Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....20








2010 .................69 78 0.892009 .................67 73 0.922008 .................65 74 0.882007 .................64 74 0.882006 .................52 65 0.80


2010 .......................................4.372009 .......................................4.172008 .......................................4.312007 .......................................4.092006 .......................................4.07


2010 ..........16,256 25,169 0.652009 ..........15,122 23,859 0.632008 ..........12,112 19,430 0.622007 ..........11,377 18,285 0.622006 ..........10,745 16,750 0.64


2010 .................36 64 0.572009 .................34 66 0.512008 .................34 66 0.512007 .................35 65 0.542006 .................35 65 0.54


2010 .................68 32 2.152009 .................69 31 2.182008 .................68 32 2.162007 .................67 33 2.032006 .................69 31 2.23



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................94 95 0.992009 .................94 95 1.002008 .................94 95 0.992007 .................94 94 1.002006 .................94 94 1.00


2010 .................91 88 1.032009 .................91 89 1.032008 .................92 90 1.022007 .................91 89 1.032006 .................91 89 1.03


2010 .................80 48 1.692009 .................81 50 1.632008 .................82 49 1.672007 .................82 49 1.682006 .................82 49 1.68



2010 .................23 77 0.292009 .................21 79 0.262008 .................21 79 0.262007 .................22 78 0.282006 .................19 81 0.23


2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Estonia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 47 0.702Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 37 0.709







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Ethiopia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 121 0.602

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................80.71Population growth (%) .............................................................................2.59GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................15.32GDP (PPP) per capita................................................................................317



Economic Participation and Opportunity 74 0.632 0.590Labour force participation .........................................14 0.91 0.69 83 91 0.91Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................50 0.69 0.65 — — 0.69Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................40 0.67 0.53 624 936 0.67Legislators, senior officials, and managers............93 0.19 0.27 16 84 0.19Professional and technical workers ........................99 0.49 0.64 33 67 0.49




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ..........................................6Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................15Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................69Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ............Employer (for up to 45 days)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................720Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...109








2010 .................83 91 0.912009 .................82 92 0.892008 .................74 91 0.812007 .................74 91 0.812006 .................71 89 0.79


2010 .......................................4.842009 .......................................4.472008 .......................................4.122007 .......................................4.572006 .......................................4.57


2010 ...............624 936 0.672009 ...............529 873 0.612008 ...............796 1,316 0.602007 ...............570 944 0.602006 ...............487 931 0.52


2010 .................16 84 0.192009 .................16 84 0.192008 .................16 84 0.192007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................33 67 0.492009 .................33 67 0.492008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................30 70 0.422006 .................28 72 0.40



2010 .................23 50 0.462009 .................23 50 0.462008 .................23 50 0.462007 .................34 49 0.692006 .................34 49 0.69



2010 .................75 81 0.932009 .................68 74 0.922008 .................68 74 0.922007 .................59 64 0.922006 .................44 49 0.89


2010 .................20 31 0.642009 .................19 29 0.642008 .................19 29 0.642007 .................22 34 0.642006 .................22 31 0.70


2010 ...................2 5 0.312009 ...................1 4 0.342008 ...................1 4 0.342007 ...................1 4 0.322006 ...................1 4 0.34



2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................22 78 0.282007 .................22 78 0.282006 .................22 78 0.28


2010 ...................7 93 0.082009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Ethiopia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 121 0.602Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 122 0.595







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Fiji 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 108 0.626




Economic Participation and Opportunity 114 0.498 0.590Labour force participation .......................................116 0.50 0.69 40 80 0.50Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................116 0.38 0.53 2,349 6,200 0.38Legislators, senior officials, and managers..............1 1.00 0.27 51 49 1.04Professional and technical workers ......................116 0.10 0.64 9 91 0.10



Political Empowerment 121 0.036 0.179Women in parliament .................................................— — 0.22 — — —Women in ministerial positions.................................94 0.10 0.18 9 91 0.10Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................16Length of maternity leave ...........................................................84 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..........................Flat rate

for the normal duration of maternity leaveProvider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................210Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....30






Finland 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 3 0.826




Economic Participation and Opportunity 16 0.757 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................5 0.96 0.69 74 77 0.96Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................38 0.71 0.65 — — 0.71Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................19 0.73 0.53 29,160 40,000 0.73Legislators, senior officials, and managers............61 0.42 0.27 30 71 0.42Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 55 45 1.24



Political Empowerment 2 0.569 0.179Women in parliament....................................................6 0.67 0.22 40 60 0.67Women in ministerial positions...................................1 1.00 0.18 63 37 1.71Years with female head of state (last 50) ..................9 0.26 0.15 10 40 0.26

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................77Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave..........................................105 working daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ....................................70;

the amount of maternity benefit varies based on income and employment conditions, but there is a minimum flat

rate below which entitlement does not fallProvider of maternity coverage ..................Social insurance systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................7Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......9








2010 .................74 77 0.962009 .................73 76 0.962008 .................73 77 0.952007 .................73 77 0.952006 .................57 66 0.86


2010 .......................................5.002009 .......................................4.952008 .......................................4.772007 .......................................4.472006 .......................................5.06


2010 ..........29,160 40,000 0.732009 ..........27,667 38,262 0.722008 ..........26,795 37,739 0.712007 ..........24,862 35,263 0.712006 ..........23,211 32,250 0.72


2010 .................30 71 0.422009 .................29 71 0.402008 .................30 70 0.422007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................28 72 0.39


2010 .................55 45 1.242009 .................55 45 1.232008 .................55 45 1.202007 .................54 46 1.172006 .................53 47 1.13



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................96 96 1.002009 .................96 96 1.002008 .................97 97 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00


2010 .................97 96 1.012009 .................97 97 1.012008 .................96 96 1.002007 .................94 94 1.012006 .................94 94 1.01


2010 ...............105 85 1.242009 ...............104 84 1.232008 ...............103 84 1.222007 .................98 82 1.202006 .................98 82 1.20



2010 .................40 60 0.672009 .................42 59 0.712008 .................42 59 0.712007 .................42 58 0.722006 .................38 62 0.61


2010 .................63 37 1.712009 .................58 42 1.382008 .................58 42 1.382007 .................47 53 0.892006 .................47 53 0.89


2010 .................10 40 0.262009 .................10 41 0.232008 ...................9 42 0.202007 ...................7 43 0.162006 ...................6 44 0.14


Finland 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 3 0.826Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 2 0.825







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


France 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 46 0.703

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................62.28Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.55GDP (US$ billions)..............................................................................1,515.00GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................44,508







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................82Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................8Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......8








2010 .................65 75 0.872009 .................64 74 0.872008 .................62 73 0.852007 .................62 74 0.852006 .................48 61 0.79


2010 .......................................3.052009 .......................................3.282008 .......................................3.532007 .......................................3.162006 .......................................3.27


2010 ..........25,677 40,000 0.642009 ..........24,529 39,731 0.622008 ..........23,945 37,169 0.642007 ..........23,015 35,922 0.642006 ..........20,642 35,123 0.59


2010 .................39 61 0.632009 .................38 62 0.612008 .................37 63 0.592007 .................37 63 0.582006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 .................49 51 0.972009 .................48 52 0.942008 .................47 53 0.892007 .................47 53 0.902006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................99 98 1.002009 .................99 98 1.002008 .................99 98 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00


2010 .................99 98 1.022009 .................99 97 1.022008 ...............100 98 1.022007 .................97 95 1.022006 .................97 95 1.02


2010 .................61 48 1.282009 .................62 49 1.272008 .................63 50 1.272007 .................63 49 1.282006 .................63 49 1.28



2010 .................19 81 0.232009 .................18 82 0.222008 .................18 82 0.222007 .................12 88 0.142006 .................12 88 0.14


2010 .................26 74 0.362009 .................47 53 0.882008 .................47 53 0.882007 .................18 82 0.212006 .................18 82 0.21


2010 ...................1 49 0.022009 ...................1 49 0.022008 ...................1 49 0.022007 ...................1 49 0.022006 ...................1 49 0.02


France 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 46 0.703Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 18 0.733







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Gambia, The 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 75 0.676




Economic Participation and Opportunity 14 0.759 0.590Labour force participation .........................................48 0.84 0.69 71 85 0.84Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................6 0.80 0.65 — — 0.80Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................52 0.63 0.53 951 1,499 0.63Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 121 0.829 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................126 0.60 0.86 34 57 0.60Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 71 67 1.07Enrolment in secondary education ..........................88 0.98 0.92 41 42 0.98Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................129 0.23 0.86 0 2 0.23



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................57Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................18Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................80Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................690Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...104








2010 .................71 85 0.842009 .................71 84 0.852008 .................60 87 0.692007 .................60 87 0.702006 .................59 86 0.69


2010 .......................................5.582009 .......................................5.742008 .......................................5.902007 .......................................5.542006 .......................................5.30


2010 ...............951 1,499 0.632009 ...............804 1,498 0.542008 ............1,327 2,525 0.532007 ............1,378 2,615 0.532006 ............1,391 2,339 0.59


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................34 57 0.602009 .................35 50 0.712008 .................33 48 0.692007 .................33 48 0.692006 .................33 48 0.69



2010 .................71 67 1.072009 .................69 64 1.092008 .................64 59 1.092007..................— — 1.062006 .................77 73 1.06


2010 .................41 42 0.982009 .................40 40 1.002008 .................37 40 0.942007 .................41 49 0.832006 .................41 49 0.83


2010 ...................0 2 0.232009 ...................0 2 0.242008 ...................0 2 0.242007 ...................0 2 0.232006 ...................0 2 0.23



2010 ...................8 92 0.082009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 .................13 87 0.15


2010 .................31 69 0.452009 .................28 72 0.382008 .................28 72 0.382007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Gambia, The 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 75 0.676Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 75 0.675







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Georgia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 88 0.660

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................4.31Population growth (%)...........................................................................–1.17GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................5.46GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................2,970

Mean age of marriage for women (years) .............................................—Fertility rate (births per woman) ............................................................1.60Year women received right to vote ............................................1918, 1921Overall population sex ratio (male/female) ..........................................0.89


Economic Participation and Opportunity 54 0.675 0.590Labour force participation .........................................70 0.76 0.69 59 78 0.76Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................11 0.78 0.65 — — 0.78Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................115 0.38 0.53 2,639 6,921 0.38Legislators, senior officials, and managers............37 0.51 0.27 34 66 0.51Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 62 38 1.62

Educational Attainment 87 0.981 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................47 1.00 0.86 100 100 1.00Enrolment in primary education..............................105 0.98 0.98 98 100 0.98Enrolment in secondary education ..........................98 0.96 0.92 79 82 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 37 31 1.19



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................47Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................26Length of maternity leave ....................................................................—Maternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).....................................—Provider of maternity coverage ..........................................................—Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................66Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....37








2010 .................59 78 0.762009 .................59 77 0.762008 .................51 76 0.682007 .................52 76 0.692006 .................50 76 0.66


2010 .......................................5.452009 .......................................5.732008 .......................................5.722007 .......................................5.382006 .......................................5.73


2010 ............2,639 6,921 0.382009 ............2,044 6,185 0.332008 ............1,731 5,188 0.332007 ............1,561 4,273 0.372006 ............1,566 3,715 0.42


2010 .................34 66 0.512009 .................34 66 0.512008 .................26 74 0.352007 .................26 74 0.352006 .................28 72 0.39


2010 .................62 38 1.622009 .................62 38 1.622008 .................62 38 1.632007 .................63 37 1.702006 .................63 37 1.70



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................98 100 0.982009 .................92 95 0.972008 .................91 88 1.032007 .................87 86 1.012006 .................92 93 0.99


2010 .................79 82 0.962009 .................82 82 1.012008 .................81 77 1.052007 .................72 72 0.992006 .................81 81 1.00


2010 .................37 31 1.192009 .................39 35 1.122008 .................41 36 1.132007 .................47 45 1.042006 .................42 41 1.03



2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 ...................5 95 0.052008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................6 94 0.062009 .................18 82 0.212008 .................18 82 0.212007 .................22 78 0.292006 .................22 78 0.29


2010 ...................0 50 0.012009 ...................0 50 0.012008 ...................0 50 0.012007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Georgia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 88 0.660Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 83 0.668







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Germany 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 13 0.753

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................82.11Population growth (%)............................................................................-0.19GDP (US$ billions)..............................................................................2,091.57GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................44,446




Educational Attainment 51 0.995 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education................................69 1.00 0.98 98 98 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ..........................89 0.98 0.92 — — 0.98Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 — — 1.00



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................70Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage..................................Statutory health

insurance scheme, state, employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....10


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%)...................................................8Male adult unemployment rate (%) ......................................................7Women in non-agricultural paid labour



Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority....................................................—Female genital mutilation .....................................................................—Polygamy.................................................................................................—Existence of legislation punishing acts

of violence against women...............................................................—




2010 .................71 82 0.872009 .................69 81 0.852008 .................68 79 0.862007 .................67 79 0.852006 .................51 66 0.77


2010 .......................................4.242009 .......................................4.062008 .......................................4.002007 .......................................4.542006 .......................................4.31


2010 ..........25,691 40,000 0.642009 ..........24,138 39,600 0.612008 ..........21,823 37,461 0.582007 ..........20,851 36,114 0.582006 ..........19,534 36,258 0.54


2010 .................38 62 0.612009 .................38 62 0.612008 .................38 62 0.612007 .................35 65 0.542006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 .................50 50 1.012009 .................51 49 1.022008 .................50 50 1.002007 .................50 50 1.002006 .................50 50 1.00



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................98 98 1.002009 .................98 98 1.002008 .................98 98 1.002007..................— — 1.002006..................— — 1.00


2010..................— — 0.982009..................— — 0.982008..................— — 0.982007..................— — 0.982006..................— — 0.98


2010..................— — 1.002009..................— — 1.002008..................— — 1.002007..................— — 1.002006..................— — 1.00



2010 .................33 67 0.492009 .................32 68 0.472008 .................32 68 0.462007 .................32 68 0.462006 .................32 68 0.47


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................33 67 0.502007 .................46 54 0.862006 .................46 54 0.86


2010 ...................5 45 0.112009 ...................4 46 0.092008 ...................3 47 0.072007 ...................2 48 0.042006 ...................1 49 0.02


Germany 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 13 0.753Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 12 0.745







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Ghana 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 70 0.678




Economic Participation and Opportunity 15 0.758 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................1 0.99 0.69 75 76 0.99Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................20 0.76 0.65 — — 0.76Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................13 0.74 0.53 1,133 1,531 0.74Legislators, senior officials, and managers............46 0.47 0.27 32 68 0.47Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 111 0.891 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................112 0.82 0.86 59 72 0.82Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 77 76 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ........................111 0.92 0.92 45 49 0.92Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................114 0.54 0.86 4 8 0.54



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................50Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................24Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................51Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................560Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....74





Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................0.50Female genital mutilation...................................................................0.20Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.50Existence of legislation punishing acts





2010 .................75 76 0.992009 .................74 74 0.992008 .................72 76 0.942007 .................72 76 0.952006 .................70 75 0.94


2010 .......................................5.302009 .......................................5.362008 .......................................5.392007 .......................................5.952006 .....................................—


2010 ............1,133 1,531 0.742009 ............1,035 1,454 0.712008 ............2,056 2,893 0.712007 ............1,860 2,611 0.712006 ............1,915 2,567 0.75


2010 .................32 68 0.472009 .................32 68 0.472008..................— — —2007 .................34 66 0.522006 .................34 66 0.52


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................59 72 0.822009 .................57 71 0.802008 .................58 72 0.812007 .................50 66 0.752006 .................50 66 0.75



2010 .................77 76 1.012009 .................73 73 1.012008 .................71 73 0.972007 .................65 65 0.992006 .................58 58 1.01


2010 .................45 49 0.922009 .................43 47 0.912008 .................43 47 0.912007 .................35 39 0.902006 .................35 39 0.91


2010 ...................4 8 0.542009 ...................4 8 0.542008 ...................4 8 0.542007 ...................4 7 0.562006 ...................2 4 0.48



2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 ...................8 92 0.092008 .................11 89 0.122007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................16 84 0.192008 .................16 84 0.192007 .................12 88 0.132006 .................12 88 0.13


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Ghana 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 70 0.678Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 80 0.670







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Greece 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 58 0.691








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................76Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave .........................................................119 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)..................................50%

plus a dependent’s supplement (10% for each dependent,up to a maximum of 40%); in addition, a birth grant is paid

in lump sumProvider of maternity coverage..................Social security/employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................3Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....11


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%).................................................11Male adult unemployment rate (%) ......................................................5Women in non-agricultural paid labour








2010 .................55 79 0.702009 .................56 79 0.712008 .................57 79 0.722007 .................56 79 0.712006 .................43 65 0.67


2010 .......................................4.372009 .......................................4.322008 .......................................4.422007 .......................................4.422006 .......................................4.27


2010 ..........19,218 38,002 0.512009 ..........21,181 40,000 0.532008 ..........16,738 30,184 0.552007 ..........15,728 28,837 0.552006 ..........12,531 27,591 0.45


2010 .................28 72 0.402009 .................28 72 0.382008 .................27 73 0.362007 .................27 73 0.372006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................49 51 0.962009 .................45 55 0.832008 .................49 51 0.962007 .................49 51 0.962006 .................48 52 0.92



2010 .................96 98 0.982009 .................96 98 0.982008 .................96 98 0.982007 .................94 98 0.962006 .................96 99 0.98



2010 ...............100 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 100 1.002007 .................99 100 0.992006 .................99 100 0.99


2010 .................91 91 0.992009 .................91 91 0.992008 .................93 92 1.012007 .................88 85 1.042006 .................88 85 1.04


2010 .................95 87 1.102009 .................95 86 1.102008 ...............101 89 1.132007 .................86 73 1.172006 .................86 73 1.17



2010 .................17 83 0.212009 .................15 85 0.172008 .................15 85 0.172007 .................13 87 0.152006 .................13 87 0.15


2010 .................31 69 0.452009 .................12 88 0.132008 .................12 88 0.132007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Greece 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 58 0.691Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 85 0.666







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Guatemala 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 109 0.624




Economic Participation and Opportunity 109 0.528 0.590Labour force participation .......................................109 0.56 0.69 50 90 0.56Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............101 0.58 0.65 — — 0.58Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................108 0.42 0.53 2,735 6,479 0.42Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 101 0.945 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................103 0.86 0.86 69 80 0.86Enrolment in primary education..............................111 0.97 0.98 94 97 0.97Enrolment in secondary education ........................107 0.94 0.92 39 41 0.94Enrolment in tertiary education ................................90 1.00 0.86 18 18 1.00



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................31Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................43Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................29Length of maternity leave ...........................................................84 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;


Provider of maternity coverage.....2/3 social security, 1/3 employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................290Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....92










2010 .................50 90 0.562009 .................47 86 0.542008 .................35 85 0.422007 .................35 85 0.422006 .................34 83 0.41


2010 .......................................4.092009 .......................................4.262008 .......................................4.332007 .......................................4.312006 .......................................3.81


2010 ............2,735 6,479 0.422009 ............2,160 6,557 0.332008 ............2,267 6,990 0.322007 ............2,130 6,604 0.322006 ............2,073 6,197 0.33


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................69 80 0.862009 .................67 78 0.862008 .................68 79 0.862007 .................63 75 0.842006 .................63 75 0.84



2010 .................94 97 0.972009 .................93 97 0.962008 .................92 96 0.962007 .................92 96 0.952006 .................91 95 0.95


2010 .................39 41 0.942009 .................37 40 0.922008 .................37 40 0.922007 .................32 35 0.922006 .................32 35 0.92


2010 .................18 18 1.002009 .................18 18 1.002008 ...................8 10 0.822007..................— — 0.722006 ...................8 11 0.72



2010 .................12 88 0.142009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................12 88 0.142007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................7 93 0.072008 ...................7 93 0.072007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Guatemala 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 109 0.624Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 111 0.621







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Guyana 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 38 0.709




Economic Participation and Opportunity 93 0.592 0.590Labour force participation .......................................108 0.57 0.69 48 85 0.57Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................46 0.70 0.65 — — 0.70Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................114 0.41 0.53 1,607 3,919 0.41Legislators, senior officials, and managers............72 0.34 0.27 25 75 0.34Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 59 41 1.42

Educational Attainment 33 0.998 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education................................72 1.00 0.98 95 95 1.00Enrolment in secondary education..........................— — 0.92 — — —Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 13 10 1.42



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................83Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................34Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................46Length of maternity leave ........................................................13 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ....................................70;

in addition, a maternity grant is paid in lump sumProvider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................470Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....90








Honduras 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 54 0.693




Economic Participation and Opportunity 96 0.590 0.590Labour force participation .......................................115 0.51 0.69 42 82 0.51Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................91 0.61 0.65 — — 0.61Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................118 0.34 0.53 1,951 5,668 0.34Legislators, senior officials, and managers............15 0.68 0.27 41 59 0.68Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 52 48 1.08

Educational Attainment 30 0.999 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................55 1.00 0.86 83 84 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 98 96 1.02Enrolment in secondary education..........................— — 0.92 — — —Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 22 15 1.51



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health













Provider of maternity coverage .............................2/3 social security, 1/3 employer

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................280Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...108










2010 .................42 82 0.512009 .................38 84 0.462008 .................58 90 0.642007 .................57 91 0.622006 .................54 89 0.61


2010 .......................................4.282009 .......................................4.222008 .......................................4.042007 .......................................4.852006 .......................................3.73


2010 ............1,951 5,668 0.342009 ............2,254 4,863 0.462008 ............2,160 4,680 0.462007 ............1,771 3,964 0.452006 ............1,447 3,877 0.37


2010 .................41 59 0.682009 .................41 59 0.692008 .................41 59 0.692007 .................22 78 0.282006 .................22 78 0.28


2010 .................52 48 1.082009 .................52 48 1.082008 .................52 48 1.082007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................36 64 0.56



2010 .................83 84 1.002009 .................83 82 1.012008 .................84 82 1.022007 .................80 80 1.012006 .................80 80 1.01



2010 .................98 96 1.022009 .................94 93 1.012008 .................97 96 1.022007 .................92 90 1.022006 .................92 90 1.02


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................22 15 1.512009 .................20 14 1.412008 .................20 14 1.412007 .................20 13 1.462006 .................20 13 1.46



2010 .................18 82 0.222009 .................23 77 0.312008 .................23 77 0.312007 .................23 77 0.312006 .................23 77 0.31


2010 .................36 64 0.562009 .................24 76 0.322008 .................24 76 0.312007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Honduras 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 54 0.693Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 62 0.689







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Hungary 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 79 0.672

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................10.04Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.18GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................62.52GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................15,408




Educational Attainment 64 0.990 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................49 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..............................101 0.98 0.98 89 90 0.98Enrolment in secondary education ..........................84 0.99 0.92 91 91 0.99Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 77 54 1.43



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................81Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................6Length of maternity leave ........................................................24 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................70Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................6Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....20










2010 .................55 68 0.802009 .................56 68 0.812008 .................54 67 0.812007 .................54 67 0.802006 .................42 58 0.73


2010 .......................................3.592009 .......................................3.672008 .......................................3.572007 .......................................3.482006 .......................................3.62


2010 ..........16,143 21,625 0.752009 ..........14,658 21,951 0.672008 ..........14,058 22,098 0.642007 ..........13,311 20,666 0.642006 ..........11,287 18,183 0.62


2010 .................36 64 0.572009 .................35 65 0.542008 .................37 63 0.592007 .................34 66 0.522006 .................34 66 0.52


2010 .................60 40 1.522009 .................60 40 1.522008 .................61 39 1.552007 .................61 39 1.562006 .................61 39 1.56



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................89 90 0.982009 .................86 87 0.982008 .................88 89 0.992007 .................88 90 0.992006 .................88 90 0.99


2010 .................91 91 0.992009 .................90 89 1.002008 .................90 90 1.002007 .................90 91 0.992006 .................90 91 0.99


2010 .................77 54 1.432009 .................82 56 1.462008 .................82 56 1.472007 .................70 50 1.402006 .................70 50 1.40



2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 .................10 90 0.122006 .................10 90 0.12


2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................12 88 0.132006 .................12 88 0.13


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Hungary 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 79 0.672Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 65 0.688







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Iceland 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 1 0.850







Political Empowerment 1 0.675 0.179Women in parliament....................................................4 0.75 0.22 43 57 0.75Women in ministerial positions...................................4 0.83 0.18 45 55 0.83Years with female head of state (last 50) ..................3 0.53 0.15 17 33 0.53

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................2Length of maternity leave.........................................................3 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................80Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....14










2010 .................81 90 0.902009 .................83 89 0.942008 .................83 91 0.922007 .................83 91 0.922006 .................71 82 0.87


2010 .......................................5.152009 .......................................4.902008 .......................................4.712007 .......................................4.522006 .......................................4.60


2010 ..........27,460 40,000 0.692009 ..........29,283 40,000 0.732008 ..........28,637 40,000 0.722007 ..........27,496 38,603 0.712006 ..........25,411 36,908 0.69


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................30 70 0.422008 .................29 71 0.422007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................29 71 0.41


2010 .................56 44 1.282009 .................56 44 1.252008 .................56 44 1.282007 .................55 45 1.222006 .................55 45 1.22



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................98 97 1.002009 .................97 97 1.002008 .................97 98 0.992007 .................97 100 0.972006 .................98 100 0.98


2010 .................91 89 1.022009 .................92 89 1.032008 .................91 89 1.022007 .................89 87 1.032006 .................88 85 1.04


2010 .................99 52 1.912009 .................96 52 1.862008 .................96 51 1.872007 .................88 48 1.852006 .................79 44 1.78



2010 .................43 57 0.752009 .................43 57 0.752008 .................33 67 0.502007 .................33 67 0.502006 .................33 67 0.50


2010 .................45 55 0.832009 .................36 64 0.572008 .................36 64 0.572007 .................27 73 0.382006 .................27 73 0.38


2010 .................17 33 0.532009 .................16 34 0.492008 .................16 34 0.472007 .................16 34 0.472006 .................16 34 0.47


Iceland 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 1 0.850Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 1 0.828







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


India 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 112 0.615

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ................................................................1,139.96Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.34GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................817.94GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................1,017



Economic Participation and Opportunity 128 0.403 0.590Labour force participation .......................................122 0.42 0.69 35 85 0.42Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................84 0.63 0.65 — — 0.63Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................122 0.32 0.53 1,304 4,102 0.32Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........123 0.03 0.27 3 97 0.03Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................47Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................56Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................52Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ...........................Social insurance or

employer (for non-covered women)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................450Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....45










2010 .................35 85 0.422009 .................36 85 0.422008 .................36 84 0.432007 .................36 84 0.432006 .................34 82 0.41


2010 .......................................4.422009 .......................................4.592008 .......................................4.702007 .......................................4.682006 .......................................4.37


2010 ............1,304 4,102 0.322009 ............1,185 3,698 0.322008 ............1,620 5,194 0.312007 ............1,471 4,723 0.312006 ............1,569 4,130 0.38


2010 ...................3 97 0.032009 ...................3 97 0.032008 ...................3 97 0.032007 ...................3 97 0.032006 ...................3 97 0.03


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27



2010 .................51 75 0.682009 .................53 76 0.702008 .................54 77 0.712007 .................48 73 0.652006 .................48 73 0.65



2010 .................88 91 0.962009 .................87 90 0.962008 .................87 90 0.962007 .................87 92 0.942006 .................87 92 0.94


2010..................— — 0.792009..................— — 0.792008..................— — 0.792007..................— — 0.792006..................— — 0.79


2010 .................11 16 0.702009 .................10 14 0.722008 .................10 14 0.722007 ...................9 14 0.662006 ...................9 14 0.66



2010 .................11 89 0.122009 .................11 89 0.122008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 ...................3 97 0.042006 ...................3 97 0.04


2010 .................17 33 0.512009 .................16 34 0.472008 .................15 35 0.432007 .................15 35 0.432006 .................15 35 0.43


India 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 112 0.615Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 114 0.615







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Indonesia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 87 0.661

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................227.35Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.18GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................247.23GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................2,246



Economic Participation and Opportunity 100 0.575 0.590Labour force participation .........................................99 0.61 0.69 53 87 0.61Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................47 0.70 0.65 — — 0.70Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................105 0.44 0.53 2,263 5,163 0.44Legislators, senior officials, and managers............85 0.28 0.27 22 78 0.28Professional and technical workers ........................80 0.81 0.64 45 55 0.81

Educational Attainment 95 0.964 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................94 0.93 0.86 89 95 0.93Enrolment in primary education..............................110 0.97 0.98 94 97 0.97Enrolment in secondary education ..........................82 0.99 0.92 68 69 0.99Enrolment in tertiary education ................................94 0.92 0.86 20 22 0.92



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................73Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................61Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................31Length of maternity leave.........................................................3 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................420Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....51










2010 .................53 87 0.612009 .................52 89 0.582008 .................53 87 0.612007 .................53 87 0.612006 .................51 85 0.60


2010 .......................................4.872009 .......................................5.072008 .......................................5.212007 .......................................5.872006 .......................................5.55


2010 ............2,263 5,163 0.442009 ............2,179 4,729 0.462008 ............2,410 5,280 0.462007 ............2,257 4,963 0.452006 ............2,289 4,434 0.52


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 .................45 55 0.812009 .................42 58 0.722008 .................42 58 0.722007 .................42 58 0.722006 .................42 58 0.72



2010 .................89 95 0.932009 .................87 95 0.922008 .................88 95 0.932007 .................87 94 0.922006 .................87 94 0.92



2010 .................94 97 0.972009 .................93 97 0.962008 .................94 97 0.962007 .................93 95 0.982006 .................93 95 0.98


2010 .................68 69 0.992009 .................68 67 1.012008 .................59 59 1.002007 .................57 57 0.992006 .................57 57 0.99


2010 .................20 22 0.922009 .................17 17 1.002008 .................15 19 0.792007 .................15 19 0.792006 .................15 19 0.79



2010 .................18 82 0.222009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................12 88 0.132007 .................11 89 0.132006 .................11 89 0.13


2010 .................14 86 0.172009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 ...................3 47 0.072009 ...................3 47 0.072008 ...................3 47 0.072007 ...................3 47 0.072006 ...................3 47 0.07


Indonesia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 87 0.661Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 92 0.658







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Iran, Islamic Rep. 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 123 0.593





Educational Attainment 96 0.959 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................102 0.89 0.86 77 87 0.89Enrolment in primary education..............................115 0.96 0.98 96 100 0.96Enrolment in secondary education ..........................81 1.00 0.92 75 75 1.00Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 39 34 1.14



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................97Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................27Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................67Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................140Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....25

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%)...........................................63Female teachers, secondary education (%).....................................—Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................19









2010 .................33 76 0.442009 .................33 77 0.432008 .................42 76 0.552007 .................41 76 0.542006 .................39 74 0.52


2010 .......................................4.152009 .....................................—2008 .......................................3.652007 .....................................—2006 .....................................—


2010 ............5,304 16,449 0.322009 ............5,777 14,150 0.412008 ............4,475 11,363 0.392007 ............4,122 10,830 0.382006 ............3,094 10,856 0.28


2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................13 87 0.152008 .................16 84 0.192007 .................13 87 0.152006 .................13 87 0.15


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................34 66 0.512008 .................34 66 0.512007 .................33 67 0.492006 .................33 67 0.49



2010 .................77 87 0.892009 .................78 89 0.882008 .................79 90 0.882007 .................70 84 0.842006 .................70 84 0.84



2010 .................96 100 0.962009 ...............100 91 1.102008 ...............100 91 1.102007 ...............100 91 1.102006 .................88 89 0.99


2010 .................75 75 1.002009 .................75 79 0.942008 .................75 79 0.942007 .................75 79 0.942006 .................76 80 0.94


2010 .................39 34 1.142009 .................34 29 1.152008 .................28 25 1.112007 .................25 23 1.092006 .................24 21 1.11



2010 ...................3 97 0.032009 ...................3 97 0.032008 ...................3 97 0.032007 ...................4 96 0.042006 ...................4 96 0.04


2010 ...................3 97 0.032009 ...................3 97 0.032008 ...................3 97 0.032007 ...................7 93 0.072006 ...................7 93 0.07


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Iran, Islamic Rep. 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 123 0.593Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 128 0.584







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Ireland 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 6 0.777




Economic Participation and Opportunity 25 0.741 0.590Labour force participation .........................................65 0.78 0.69 64 81 0.78Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................43 0.70 0.65 — — 0.70Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................8 0.80 0.53 31,978 40,000 0.80Legislators, senior officials, and managers............47 0.47 0.27 32 68 0.47Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 53 47 1.15




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................75Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................26 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ....................................80,

subject to a minimum and maximum amountProvider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................1Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....17










2010 .................64 81 0.782009 .................62 81 0.772008 .................63 80 0.792007 .................62 80 0.772006 .................53 72 0.74


2010 .......................................4.912009 .......................................4.992008 .......................................4.982007 .......................................4.932006 .......................................5.00


2010 ..........31,978 40,000 0.802009 ..........23,295 40,000 0.582008 ..........21,076 40,000 0.532007 ..........26,160 40,000 0.512006 ..........22,125 40,000 0.41


2010 .................32 68 0.472009 .................31 69 0.452008 .................31 69 0.442007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................29 71 0.41


2010 .................53 47 1.152009 .................53 47 1.132008 .................52 48 1.102007 .................51 49 1.042006 .................50 50 1.00



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................98 96 1.022009 .................96 96 1.012008 .................95 94 1.012007 .................96 96 1.002006 .................96 96 1.00


2010 .................90 86 1.052009 .................90 86 1.052008 .................90 85 1.052007 .................89 84 1.062006 .................89 84 1.06


2010 .................64 53 1.222009 .................68 54 1.272008 .................66 52 1.272007 .................66 51 1.282006 .................66 51 1.28



2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................13 87 0.152008 .................13 87 0.152007 .................13 87 0.152006 .................13 87 0.15


2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 .................19 31 0.632009 .................18 32 0.592008 .................18 33 0.542007 .................17 33 0.522006 .................16 34 0.47


Ireland 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 6 0.777Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 8 0.760







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Israel 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 52 0.696








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................68Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....15





Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................0.00Female genital mutilation .....................................................................—Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.50Existence of legislation punishing acts





2010 .................61 69 0.882009 .................59 67 0.882008 .................59 65 0.912007 .................59 66 0.892006 .................50 59 0.85


2010 .......................................4.062009 .......................................4.172008 .......................................3.442007 .......................................3.822006 .......................................3.81


2010 ..........20,599 32,148 0.642009 ..........19,635 29,193 0.672008 ..........20,497 31,345 0.652007 ..........19,165 29,714 0.642006 ..........14,159 25,969 0.55


2010 .................32 68 0.472009 .................30 70 0.422008 .................29 71 0.412007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................29 71 0.41


2010 .................52 48 1.092009 .................52 48 1.102008 .................54 46 1.182007 .................54 46 1.172006 .................54 46 1.17



2010 .................89 95 0.932009 .................96 99 0.972008 .................96 98 0.982007 .................96 98 0.972006 .................96 98 0.97



2010 .................98 97 1.012009 .................98 97 1.012008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................98 97 1.012006 .................98 97 1.01


2010 .................88 85 1.022009 .................88 87 1.012008 .................89 88 1.002007 .................89 89 1.002006 .................89 89 1.00


2010 .................68 52 1.312009 .................69 52 1.322008 .................65 51 1.292007 .................65 49 1.332006 .................65 49 1.33



2010 .................18 82 0.222009 .................18 83 0.212008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................12 88 0.142007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 ...................5 45 0.112009 ...................5 45 0.112008 ...................5 45 0.112007 ...................5 45 0.112006 ...................5 45 0.11


Israel 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 52 0.696Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 45 0.702







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Italy 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 74 0.677








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................63Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave.........................................................5 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................80Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................3Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......7










2010 .................52 74 0.702009 .................52 75 0.702008 .................51 74 0.692007 .................50 74 0.672006 .................37 61 0.62


2010 .......................................3.552009 .......................................3.602008 .......................................3.772007 .......................................3.812006 .......................................3.68


2010 ..........20,152 40,000 0.502009 ..........19,168 38,878 0.492008 ..........18,501 39,163 0.472007 ..........18,070 38,902 0.462006 ..........17,176 37,670 0.46


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 .................47 53 0.892009 .................47 53 0.882008 .................47 53 0.882007 .................45 55 0.822006 .................45 55 0.82



2010 .................99 99 0.992009 .................99 99 0.992008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................98 99 0.992007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00


2010 .................93 92 1.022009 .................94 93 1.012008 .................94 93 1.012007 .................93 92 1.022006 .................93 92 1.02


2010 .................79 56 1.412009 .................80 57 1.402008 .................78 56 1.382007 .................72 54 1.342006 .................72 54 1.34



2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................17 83 0.212006 .................17 83 0.21


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................24 76 0.322008 .................24 76 0.322007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Italy 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 74 0.677Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 72 0.680







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Jamaica 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 44 0.704








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................97Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................69Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................26Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).....................The benefit

is equal to the national minimum weekly wage and is paid for 8 weeks

Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................170Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....58










2010 .................61 78 0.792009 .................60 78 0.772008 .................59 78 0.762007 .................59 78 0.762006 .................54 74 0.73


2010 .......................................4.502009 .......................................4.382008 .......................................4.162007 .......................................4.472006 .......................................3.99


2010 ............4,469 7,734 0.582009 ............4,651 8,191 0.572008 ............3,107 5,503 0.562007 ............3,027 5,327 0.572006 ............3,279 4,944 0.66


2010 .................59 41 1.442009 .................59 41 1.442008 .................60 40 1.502007..................— — —2006 .................60 40 1.47


2010 .................60 40 1.502009 .................60 40 1.502008 .................60 40 1.502007 .................60 40 1.472006 .................60 40 1.47



2010 .................91 81 1.132009 .................91 80 1.132008 .................91 81 1.132007 .................86 74 1.162006 .................86 74 1.16



2010 .................79 82 0.972009 .................87 86 1.022008 .................90 90 1.002007 .................91 90 1.012006 .................91 90 1.01


2010 .................79 75 1.052009 .................79 74 1.062008 .................80 76 1.052007 .................81 78 1.032006 .................81 78 1.03


2010 .................33 15 2.222009 .................26 12 2.292008 .................26 12 2.292007..................— — 2.292006 .................26 12 2.29



2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................13 87 0.152008 .................13 87 0.152007 .................12 88 0.132006 .................12 88 0.13


2010 .................13 88 0.142009 .................11 89 0.132008 .................11 89 0.132007 .................18 82 0.212006 .................18 82 0.21


2010 ...................2 49 0.032009 ...................1 49 0.032008 ...................1 49 0.032007 ...................1 50 0.012006 ...................1 50 0.01


Jamaica 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 44 0.704Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 48 0.701







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Japan 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 94 0.652

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................127.70Population growth (%)............................................................................-0.05GDP (US$ billions)..............................................................................5,166.28GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................38,455



Economic Participation and Opportunity 101 0.572 0.590Labour force participation .........................................79 0.73 0.69 62 84 0.73Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................95 0.61 0.65 — — 0.61Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................86 0.53 0.53 21,143 40,000 0.53Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........113 0.10 0.27 9 91 0.10Professional and technical workers ........................74 0.87 0.64 47 53 0.87

Educational Attainment 82 0.986 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 100 100 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 98 98 1.00Enrolment in tertiary education ................................97 0.88 0.86 54 62 0.88



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................54Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ....................................67;

in addition, the employees’ health insurance scheme provides a lump-sum grant

Provider of maternity coverage...........Employees’ health insurancescheme or national health insurance scheme (for all those

not covered under the employees’ health insurance scheme)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................6Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......5










2010 .................62 84 0.732009 .................61 84 0.722008 .................61 85 0.722007 .................61 85 0.712006 .................48 74 0.66


2010 .......................................4.242009 .......................................4.152008 .......................................4.142007 .......................................4.292006 .......................................4.37


2010 ..........21,143 40,000 0.532009 ..........18,334 40,000 0.462008 ..........17,802 40,000 0.452007 ..........18,130 40,000 0.442006 ..........17,795 38,612 0.46


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................47 53 0.872009 .................46 54 0.862008 .................46 54 0.852007 .................46 54 0.852006 .................46 54 0.85



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00


2010 .................98 98 1.002009 .................98 98 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007..................— — 1.012006 ...............100 99 1.01


2010 .................54 62 0.882009 .................54 62 0.882008 .................54 61 0.882007 .................51 57 0.892006 .................51 57 0.89



2010 .................11 89 0.132009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 .................12 88 0.132009 .................12 88 0.132008 .................12 88 0.132007 .................13 88 0.142006 .................13 88 0.14


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Japan 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 94 0.652Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 101 0.645







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Jordan 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 120 0.605




Economic Participation and Opportunity 126 0.422 0.590Labour force participation .......................................129 0.32 0.69 25 78 0.32Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................63 0.66 0.65 — — 0.66Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................131 0.19 0.53 1,543 8,065 0.19Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers ......................103 0.41 0.64 29 71 0.41




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................57Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................17Length of maternity leave ........................................................10 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................62Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....28










2010 .................25 78 0.322009 .................16 75 0.222008 .................30 79 0.372007 .................29 80 0.362006 .................28 77 0.36


2010 .......................................4.622009 .......................................5.042008 .......................................5.062007 .......................................5.052006 .......................................4.23


2010 ............1,543 8,065 0.192009 ............2,174 6,989 0.312008 ............2,566 8,270 0.312007 ............2,143 7,038 0.302006 ............2,004 6,491 0.31


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................29 71 0.412009 .................29 71 0.412008 .................29 71 0.412007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................29 71 0.41



2010 .................89 95 0.932009 .................89 96 0.922008 .................89 97 0.932007 .................85 95 0.892006 .................85 95 0.89



2010 .................90 89 1.022009 .................89 88 1.022008 .................90 89 1.022007 .................92 90 1.022006 .................92 90 1.02


2010 .................84 80 1.052009 .................87 86 1.012008 .................83 81 1.032007 .................82 80 1.022006 .................82 80 1.02


2010 .................43 39 1.112009 .................42 38 1.102008 .................41 37 1.112007 .................41 37 1.102006 .................41 37 1.10



2010 ...................6 94 0.072009 ...................6 94 0.072008 ...................6 94 0.072007 ...................6 95 0.062006 ...................6 95 0.06


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 .................15 85 0.172008 .................15 85 0.172007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Jordan 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 120 0.605Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 113 0.618







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Kazakhstan 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 41 0.706








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................51Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................27Length of maternity leave ........................................126 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................140Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....27










2010 .................73 81 0.912009 .................73 80 0.912008 .................74 80 0.932007 .................74 80 0.922006 .................65 75 0.87


2010 .......................................4.952009 .......................................4.792008 .......................................4.632007 .......................................4.562006 .......................................4.52


2010 ............8,831 13,080 0.682009 ............8,039 11,782 0.682008 ............6,141 9,723 0.632007 ............5,799 9,222 0.632006 ............5,221 8,217 0.64


2010 .................38 62 0.622009 .................38 62 0.612008 .................38 62 0.612007 .................38 62 0.612006 .................34 66 0.52


2010 .................67 33 2.022009 .................67 33 1.992008 .................67 33 1.992007 .................67 33 1.992006 .................67 33 1.99



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................99 100 1.002007 .................99 100 1.002006 .................99 100 1.00



2010 .................90 88 1.022009 .................90 90 1.002008 .................90 90 1.002007 .................90 92 0.982006 .................92 93 0.99


2010 .................89 88 1.012009 .................85 86 0.992008 .................86 86 1.002007 .................91 92 0.992006 .................92 93 0.99


2010 .................49 34 1.452009 .................56 39 1.442008 .................61 42 1.442007 .................62 44 1.422006 .................56 40 1.38



2010 .................18 82 0.222009 .................16 84 0.192008 .................16 84 0.192007 .................10 90 0.122006 .................10 90 0.12


2010 ...................5 95 0.052009 ...................6 94 0.062008 ...................6 94 0.062007 .................18 82 0.212006 .................18 82 0.21


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Kazakhstan 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 41 0.706Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 47 0.701







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Kenya 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 96 0.650




Economic Participation and Opportunity 82 0.615 0.590Labour force participation .........................................29 0.88 0.69 78 89 0.88Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................49 0.69 0.65 — — 0.69Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................43 0.65 0.53 1,213 1,874 0.65Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........121 0.05 0.27 5 95 0.05Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 102 0.940 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................97 0.92 0.86 83 90 0.92Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 82 81 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ..........................99 0.96 0.92 48 50 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................106 0.70 0.86 3 5 0.70



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................42Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................39Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................81Length of maternity leave.........................................................3 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................560Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...116


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%)....................................................—Women in non-agricultural paid labour








2010 .................78 89 0.882009 .................76 88 0.862008 .................72 90 0.802007 .................71 90 0.802006 .................69 89 0.78


2010 .......................................4.842009 .......................................5.402008 .......................................5.852007 .......................................4.982006 .......................................4.74


2010 ............1,213 1,874 0.652009 ............1,295 1,577 0.822008 ............1,126 1,354 0.832007 ............1,037 1,242 0.832006 ............1,001 1,078 0.93


2010 ...................5 95 0.052009 ...................5 95 0.052008 ...................5 95 0.052007 ...................5 95 0.052006 ...................5 95 0.05


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................83 90 0.922009 .................70 78 0.902008 .................70 78 0.902007 .................70 78 0.902006 .................70 78 0.90



2010 .................82 81 1.012009 .................86 86 1.002008 .................76 75 1.022007 .................80 80 1.012006 .................77 76 1.00


2010 .................48 50 0.962009 .................43 47 0.912008 .................42 43 0.972007 .................42 42 1.012006 .................40 43 0.93


2010 ...................3 5 0.702009 ...................3 4 0.572008 ...................2 3 0.602007 ...................2 4 0.602006 ...................2 4 0.60



2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.112008 ...................7 93 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 .................15 85 0.182009 ...................0 0 0.002008 ...................0 0 —2007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Kenya 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 96 0.650Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 97 0.651







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Korea, Rep. 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 104 0.634




Economic Participation and Opportunity 111 0.520 0.590Labour force participation .........................................83 0.73 0.69 55 76 0.73Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............116 0.52 0.65 — — 0.52Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................88 0.52 0.53 16,931 32,668 0.52Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........111 0.11 0.27 10 90 0.11Professional and technical workers ........................87 0.69 0.64 41 59 0.69

Educational Attainment 100 0.947 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education................................99 0.98 0.98 98 100 0.98Enrolment in secondary education ..........................97 0.96 0.92 94 97 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................109 0.69 0.86 79 115 0.69



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................85Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;

the employer pays the first 60 days of leave, for enterprises which do not meet certain criteria

Provider of maternity coverage ...........Employment Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................14Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......2










2010 .................55 76 0.732009 .................54 76 0.712008 .................54 77 0.702007 .................54 77 0.702006 .................50 74 0.68


2010 .......................................3.642009 .......................................3.832008 .......................................3.712007 .......................................5.732006 .......................................3.43


2010 ..........16,931 32,668 0.522009 ..........15,781 30,143 0.522008 ..........12,531 31,476 0.402007 ..........12,912 28,036 0.462006 ..........11,698 24,167 0.48


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 .................41 59 0.692009 .................40 60 0.662008 .................40 60 0.672007 .................38 62 0.612006 .................39 61 0.64



2010 .................99 99 1.002009..................— — —2008 .................97 99 0.982007 .................97 99 0.982006 .................97 99 0.97



2010 .................98 100 0.982009 .................93 100 0.932008 .................99 100 0.992007 .................99 100 1.002006 .................99 100 0.99


2010 .................94 97 0.962009 .................94 100 0.942008 .................93 99 0.942007 .................91 90 1.002006 .................91 88 1.03


2010 .................79 115 0.692009 .................75 113 0.672008 .................72 111 0.652007 .................69 110 0.622006 .................69 109 0.63



2010 .................15 85 0.172009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 .................13 87 0.152006 .................13 87 0.15


2010 .................13 88 0.142009 ...................5 95 0.052008 ...................5 95 0.052007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................1 49 0.022009 ...................1 49 0.022008 ...................1 49 0.022007 ...................1 49 0.012006 ...................1 49 0.01


Korea, Rep. 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 104 0.634Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 115 0.615







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Kuwait 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 105 0.632





Educational Attainment 83 0.986 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................71 0.98 0.86 93 95 0.98Enrolment in primary education..............................106 0.98 0.98 87 89 0.98Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 80 80 1.01Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 27 12 2.14



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................52Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................9Length of maternity leave ...........................................................70 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....14










2010 .................47 84 0.552009 .................44 83 0.542008 .................51 86 0.602007 .................50 86 0.582006 .................49 85 0.58


2010 .......................................4.592009 .......................................4.772008 .......................................4.982007 .......................................5.482006 .......................................5.18


2010 ..........24,722 40,000 0.622009 ..........16,071 40,000 0.402008 ..........12,623 36,403 0.352007 ............9,623 25,847 0.372006 ............8,448 24,204 0.35


2010 .................14 86 0.162009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................34 66 0.522009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................93 95 0.982009 .................91 95 0.962008 .................92 95 0.972007 .................91 94 0.962006 .................91 94 0.96



2010 .................87 89 0.982009 .................87 89 0.972008 .................83 84 0.992007 .................86 87 0.992006 .................87 85 1.03


2010 .................80 80 1.012009 .................80 80 1.012008 .................78 75 1.052007..................— — 1.052006 .................80 76 1.05


2010 .................27 12 2.142009 .................26 11 2.322008 .................26 11 2.322007 .................25 11 2.192006 .................33 12 2.72



2010 ...................8 92 0.082009 ...................8 92 0.082008 ...................2 99 0.022007 ...................3 97 0.032006 ...................2 99 0.02


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 ...................7 93 0.072008 ...................7 93 0.072007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Kuwait 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 105 0.632Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 105 0.636







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Kyrgyz Republic 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 51 0.697








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................48Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................33Length of maternity leave ........................................126 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)................................100%

for the first 10 working days covered by employer; the rest of the maternity leave, 10 times the benchmark amount

is paid from social security fund; benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the cost of living

Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social security (employer covers the first 10 working days)











2010 .................59 83 0.722009 .................58 79 0.742008 .................60 78 0.772007 .................60 78 0.772006 .................55 74 0.74


2010 .......................................4.832009 .......................................4.742008 .......................................4.872007 .......................................4.512006 .......................................4.87


2010 ............1,428 2,600 0.552009 ............1,333 2,306 0.582008 ............1,414 2,455 0.582007 ............1,422 2,464 0.582006 ............1,388 2,128 0.65


2010 .................35 65 0.542009 .................35 65 0.542008 .................30 70 0.432007 .................25 75 0.342006 .................28 72 0.39


2010 .................62 38 1.672009 .................62 38 1.672008 .................60 40 1.502007 .................57 43 1.332006 .................64 36 1.75



2010 .................99 100 1.002009 .................99 99 0.992008 .................99 100 1.002007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99



2010 .................83 84 0.992009 .................84 85 0.992008 .................85 86 0.992007 .................86 87 0.992006 .................90 90 0.99


2010 .................81 80 1.012009 .................81 80 1.022008 .................81 80 1.022007 .................81 80 1.012006..................— — 1.01


2010 .................60 44 1.362009 .................48 37 1.302008 .................48 38 1.272007 .................46 37 1.252006 .................43 36 1.19



2010 .................26 74 0.342009 .................26 74 0.342008 .................26 74 0.342007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................19 81 0.232008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................13 88 0.142006 .................13 88 0.14


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Kyrgyz Republic 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 51 0.697Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 41 0.706







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Latvia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 18 0.743

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................2.27Population growth (%)............................................................................-0.44GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................13.67GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................14,908







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................68Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................8Length of maternity leave ........................................112 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage.......State Social Insurance AgencyMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................10Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....17










2010 .................70 79 0.882009 .................67 76 0.882008 .................63 72 0.882007 .................63 72 0.882006 .................49 64 0.77


2010 .......................................4.532009 .......................................4.612008 .......................................4.552007 .......................................4.132006 .......................................4.40


2010 ..........13,403 19,860 0.672009 ..........12,530 18,704 0.672008 ..........10,951 16,842 0.652007 ............9,530 14,171 0.672006 ............8,050 12,886 0.62


2010 .................41 59 0.712009 .................41 59 0.702008 .................41 59 0.702007 .................42 58 0.722006 .................40 60 0.67


2010 .................67 33 2.072009 .................66 34 1.912008 .................64 36 1.782007 .................64 36 1.782006 .................64 36 1.78



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................92 89 1.032009 .................92 89 1.032008 .................92 89 1.032007..................— — 0.972006..................— — 0.97


2010..................— — 1.002009..................— — 1.002008..................— — 1.002007..................— — 1.002006..................— — 1.00


2010 .................91 48 1.892009 .................93 50 1.852008 .................95 53 1.802007 .................94 55 1.722006 .................30 55 0.54



2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................19 81 0.23


2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................22 78 0.292008 .................22 78 0.292007 .................24 77 0.312006 .................24 77 0.31


2010 ...................8 42 0.192009 ...................8 42 0.192008 ...................8 42 0.192007 ...................8 42 0.192006 ...................7 43 0.16


Latvia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 18 0.743Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 14 0.742







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Lebanon 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 116 0.608








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................89Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................58Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................12Length of maternity leave ..........................................................7 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................150Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....18








Lesotho 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 8 0.768




Economic Participation and Opportunity 1 0.879 0.590Labour force participation .........................................10 0.92 0.69 72 79 0.92Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................1 0.85 0.65 — — 0.85Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................18 0.73 0.53 1,315 1,797 0.73Legislators, senior officials, and managers..............1 1.00 0.27 52 48 1.08Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 58 42 1.38




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................60Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................37Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................63Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......No legal obligation

for paid maternity leave but some employment contracts have provision

Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................960Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....98


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%) ....................................................22Women in non-agricultural paid labour








2010 .................72 79 0.922009 .................69 76 0.912008 .................49 75 0.652007 .................49 74 0.662006 .................46 72 0.63


2010 .......................................5.952009 .......................................5.252008 .......................................4.862007 .......................................5.292006 .......................................5.22


2010 ............1,315 1,797 0.732009 ............1,016 1,915 0.532008 ............2,340 4,480 0.522007 ............1,848 3,506 0.532006 ............1,480 3,759 0.39


2010 .................52 48 1.082009 .................52 48 1.082008 .................52 48 1.072007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................58 42 1.382009 .................58 42 1.382008 .................58 42 1.382007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................95 83 1.152009 .................90 74 1.232008 .................90 74 1.232007 .................90 74 1.232006 .................90 74 1.23



2010 .................74 71 1.042009 .................74 71 1.042008 .................74 71 1.042007 .................89 84 1.062006 .................88 83 1.06


2010 .................31 20 1.582009 .................29 19 1.552008 .................29 19 1.552007 .................30 19 1.562006 .................28 18 1.54


2010 ...................4 3 1.192009 ...................4 3 1.192008 ...................4 3 1.192007..................— — 1.272006 ...................3 2 1.51



2010 .................24 76 0.322009 .................25 75 0.332008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................24 77 0.312006 .................12 88 0.13


2010 .................32 68 0.462009 .................32 68 0.462008 .................32 68 0.462007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................28 72 0.39


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Lesotho 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 8 0.768Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 10 0.750







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Lithuania 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 35 0.713

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................3.36Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.52GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................20.14GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................14,098







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................51Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ........................................126 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage............State Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................11Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....19










2010 .................65 71 0.912009 .................65 70 0.942008 .................66 73 0.922007 .................66 72 0.912006 .................52 63 0.82


2010 .......................................4.492009 .......................................4.292008 .......................................4.172007 .......................................4.482006 .......................................4.16


2010 ..........14,633 20,944 0.702009 ..........13,265 18,533 0.722008 ..........12,000 17,349 0.692007 ..........10,839 15,699 0.692006 ............9,595 14,064 0.68


2010 .................40 60 0.672009 .................38 62 0.622008 .................40 60 0.682007 .................42 58 0.722006 .................39 61 0.64


2010 .................67 33 2.062009 .................70 30 2.312008 .................71 29 2.452007 .................68 32 2.132006 .................70 30 2.33



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................91 93 0.982009 .................90 91 0.992008 .................89 90 0.992007 .................89 90 1.002006 .................89 90 1.00


2010 .................92 91 1.022009 .................92 90 1.022008 .................93 92 1.012007 .................94 93 1.002006 .................93 93 1.01


2010 .................95 61 1.562009 .................93 59 1.572008 .................93 60 1.562007 .................89 57 1.562006 .................89 57 1.56



2010 .................19 81 0.242009 .................18 82 0.222008 .................23 77 0.292007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................22 78 0.28


2010 .................14 86 0.172009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 ...................2 49 0.032009 ...................1 49 0.022008 ...................1 49 0.022007 ...................1 49 0.022006 ...................1 49 0.02


Lithuania 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 35 0.713Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 30 0.718







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Luxembourg 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 26 0.723

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................0.49Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.79GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................26.80GDP (PPP) per capita.........................................................................109,903



Economic Participation and Opportunity 22 0.751 0.590Labour force participation .........................................58 0.80 0.69 59 74 0.80Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................53 0.68 0.65 — — 0.68Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................1 1.00 0.53 40,000 40,000 1.00Legislators, senior officials, and managers............51 0.45 0.27 31 69 0.45Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................2Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................12Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....10










2010 .................59 74 0.802009 .................59 75 0.792008 .................56 74 0.752007 .................56 75 0.742006 .................45 65 0.69


2010 .......................................4.782009 .......................................4.872008 .......................................4.712007 .......................................4.742006 .......................................4.56


2010 ..........40,000 40,000 1.002009 ..........21,837 40,000 0.552008 ..........20,446 40,000 0.512007 ..........40,000 40,000 0.492006 ..........40,000 40,000 0.39


2010 .................31 69 0.452009 .................31 69 0.452008 .................31 69 0.452007 .................31 69 0.452006 .................31 69 0.45


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................97 95 1.022009 .................98 97 1.012008 .................98 96 1.012007 .................91 91 1.002006 .................91 91 1.00


2010 .................85 82 1.042009 .................86 83 1.042008 .................86 82 1.052007 .................82 77 1.072006 .................82 77 1.07


2010 .................11 9 1.122009 .................11 10 1.122008 .................11 10 1.122007 .................13 11 1.182006 .................13 11 1.18



2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................25 75 0.332008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................27 73 0.362009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Luxembourg 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 26 0.723Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 63 0.689







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Macedonia, FYR 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 49 0.700




Economic Participation and Opportunity 53 0.677 0.590Labour force participation .........................................88 0.69 0.69 51 74 0.69Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................2 0.81 0.65 — — 0.81Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................97 0.49 0.53 5,956 12,247 0.49Legislators, senior officials, and managers............64 0.40 0.27 28 71 0.40Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 51 49 1.06




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................14Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ........................................—Length of maternity leave.........................................................9 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).....................................—Provider of maternity coverage......................Health Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................10Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....19










2010 .................51 74 0.692009 .................49 74 0.662008 .................48 73 0.662007 .................48 73 0.652006 .................41 65 0.63


2010 .......................................5.702009 .......................................5.492008 .......................................5.252007 .......................................5.642006 .......................................5.55


2010 ............5,956 12,247 0.492009 ............5,184 10,643 0.492008 ............4,676 9,734 0.482007 ............4,286 8,943 0.482006 ............4,861 8,725 0.56


2010 .................28 71 0.402009 .................29 71 0.412008 .................27 73 0.372007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................27 73 0.37


2010 .................51 49 1.062009 .................53 47 1.112008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................53 47 1.132006 .................51 49 1.04



2010 .................95 99 0.972009 .................95 99 0.972008 .................95 99 0.972007 .................94 98 0.962006 .................94 98 0.96



2010 .................87 86 1.002009 .................89 89 1.002008 .................92 92 1.002007 .................92 92 1.002006 .................92 92 1.00


2010 .................81 82 0.982009 .................80 82 0.982008 .................80 82 0.982007..................— — 0.972006 .................80 82 0.97


2010 .................44 37 1.202009 .................40 31 1.272008 .................35 25 1.382007 .................33 23 1.392006 .................33 23 1.39



2010 .................33 68 0.482009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................29 71 0.412007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................28 72 0.39


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Macedonia, FYR 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 49 0.700Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 53 0.695







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Madagascar 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 80 0.671




Economic Participation and Opportunity 58 0.671 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................4 0.96 0.69 86 89 0.96Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................93 0.61 0.65 — — 0.61Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................23 0.71 0.53 774 1,093 0.71Legislators, senior officials, and managers............83 0.28 0.27 22 78 0.28Professional and technical workers ........................82 0.76 0.64 43 57 0.76

Educational Attainment 98 0.959 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................105 0.85 0.86 65 77 0.85Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 99 98 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 24 23 1.05Enrolment in tertiary education ................................95 0.89 0.86 3 4 0.89



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................51Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................27Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................68Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage .......................50% social insurance,

50% employerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................510Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...154










2010 .................86 89 0.962009 .................84 89 0.942008 .................80 86 0.922007 .................80 86 0.922006 .................79 86 0.92


2010 .......................................4.252009 .......................................4.782008 .......................................5.072007 .......................................4.292006 .......................................4.26


2010 ...............774 1,093 0.712009 ...............723 1,034 0.702008 ...............758 1,090 0.702007 ...............704 1,012 0.702006 ...............603 1,017 0.59


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................22 78 0.282007 ...................4 96 0.042006 ...................4 96 0.04


2010 .................43 57 0.762009 .................43 57 0.752008 .................43 57 0.752007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................65 77 0.852009 .................65 77 0.852008 .................65 77 0.852007 .................65 77 0.852006 .................65 77 0.85



2010 .................99 98 1.012009 .................99 98 1.012008 .................96 96 1.002007 .................92 93 1.002006 .................89 89 1.00


2010 .................24 23 1.052009 .................21 21 1.012008 .................18 17 1.042007..................— — 1.032006 .................11 11 1.03


2010 ...................3 4 0.892009 ...................3 3 0.892008 ...................3 3 0.872007 ...................2 3 0.892006 ...................2 3 0.90



2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................7 93 0.072006 ...................7 93 0.07


2010 .................17 83 0.212009 .................13 88 0.142008 .................13 88 0.142007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Madagascar 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 80 0.671Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 77 0.673







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Malawi 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 68 0.682




Economic Participation and Opportunity 44 0.698 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................6 0.96 0.69 74 78 0.96Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................21 0.75 0.65 — — 0.75Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................15 0.74 0.53 646 877 0.74Legislators, senior officials, and managers............94 0.18 0.27 15 85 0.18Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................54Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................41Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................65Length of maternity leave ..........................................................8 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births).........................1,100Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...178

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%) ..........................................—Female teachers, secondary education (%).....................................—Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................34









2010 .................74 78 0.962009 .................76 79 0.962008 .................86 90 0.962007 .................86 90 0.962006 .................85 90 0.95


2010 .......................................5.282009 .......................................5.152008 .......................................5.062007 .......................................4.862006 .......................................4.92


2010 ...............646 877 0.742009 ...............596 810 0.742008 ...............565 771 0.732007 ...............547 747 0.732006 ...............486 717 0.68


2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................66 80 0.822009 .................63 79 0.802008 .................65 79 0.822007 .................54 75 0.722006 .................54 75 0.72



2010 .................93 88 1.062009 .................90 84 1.072008 .................94 88 1.062007 .................97 92 1.052006 .................98 93 1.05


2010 .................24 26 0.932009 .................23 25 0.912008 .................23 25 0.932007 .................22 25 0.882006 .................23 27 0.86


2010 ...................0 1 0.512009 ...................0 1 0.512008 ...................0 1 0.552007 ...................0 1 0.542006 ...................0 1 0.54



2010 .................21 79 0.262009 .................21 79 0.262008 .................13 87 0.152007 .................14 86 0.162006 .................14 86 0.16


2010 .................27 73 0.382009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................24 76 0.312007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Malawi 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 68 0.682Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 76 0.674







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Malaysia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 98 0.648




Economic Participation and Opportunity 99 0.576 0.590Labour force participation .......................................105 0.57 0.69 47 82 0.57Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................19 0.76 0.65 — — 0.76Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................109 0.42 0.53 7,972 18,886 0.42Legislators, senior officials, and managers............75 0.32 0.27 24 76 0.32Professional and technical workers ........................83 0.71 0.64 42 58 0.71




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................55Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................6Length of maternity leave ...........................................................60 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................62Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....13










2010 .................47 82 0.572009 .................47 83 0.572008 .................49 83 0.582007 .................48 84 0.572006 .................47 82 0.57


2010 .......................................5.312009 .......................................5.102008 .......................................5.262007 .......................................5.602006 .......................................5.64


2010 ............7,972 18,886 0.422009 ............7,596 17,301 0.442008 ............5,751 15,861 0.362007 ............5,391 15,015 0.362006 ............6,075 12,869 0.47


2010 .................24 76 0.322009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................42 58 0.712009 .................41 59 0.692008 .................40 60 0.672007 .................40 60 0.672006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................90 94 0.952009 .................89 94 0.952008 .................90 94 0.952007 .................85 92 0.932006 .................85 92 0.93



2010 .................96 96 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 .................93 93 1.002006 .................93 93 1.00


2010 .................70 66 1.072009 .................72 66 1.102008 .................72 66 1.102007 .................81 71 1.142006 .................81 71 1.14


2010 .................36 28 1.292009 .................32 25 1.292008 .................32 25 1.292007..................— — 1.412006 .................38 27 1.41



2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Malaysia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 98 0.648Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 100 0.647







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Maldives 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 99 0.645




Economic Participation and Opportunity 95 0.591 0.590Labour force participation .........................................74 0.75 0.69 59 79 0.75Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................84 0.54 0.53 3,597 6,714 0.54Legislators, senior officials, and managers............97 0.17 0.27 14 86 0.17Professional and technical workers ........................68 0.95 0.64 49 51 0.95




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................76Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................39Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................24Length of maternity leave ....................................................................—Maternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).....................................—Provider of maternity coverage ..........................................................—Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................120Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......8




of enterprise leadership*..................................................................—






2010 .................59 79 0.752009 .................56 78 0.722008 .................51 73 0.692007 .................49 73 0.672006..................— — —


2010 .....................................—2009 .....................................—2008 .....................................—2007 .....................................—2006 .....................................—


2010 ............3,597 6,714 0.542009 ............3,404 6,528 0.522008 ............3,992 7,946 0.502007..................— — — 2006..................— — —


2010 .................14 86 0.172009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................15 85 0.182006..................— — —


2010 .................49 51 0.952009 .................49 51 0.962008 .................49 51 0.962007 .................40 60 0.672006..................— — —



2010 .................98 98 1.002009 .................97 97 0.972008 .................97 97 1.002007 .................96 96 1.002006..................— — —



2010 .................95 97 0.982009 .................97 96 1.012008 .................97 97 1.002007 .................79 79 1.002006..................— — —


2010 .................71 68 1.042009 .................71 67 1.062008 .................70 64 1.092007 .................66 60 1.102006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 0 2.402009 ...................0 0 2.372008 ...................0 0 2.372007 ...................0 0 2.372006..................— — —



2010 ...................6 94 0.072009 ...................7 93 0.072008 .................12 88 0.142007 .................12 88 0.142006..................— — —


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................14 86 0.172007 .................12 88 0.132006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Maldives 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 99 0.645Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 99 0.648







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Mali 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 131 0.568




Economic Participation and Opportunity 113 0.514 0.590Labour force participation .......................................107 0.57 0.69 39 68 0.57Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................70 0.66 0.65 — — 0.66Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................103 0.44 0.53 672 1,517 0.44Legislators, senior officials, and managers............86 0.25 0.27 20 80 0.25Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................49Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%).................................8Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).......................................102Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................970Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...190










2010 .................39 68 0.572009 .................38 67 0.572008 .................75 84 0.892007 .................75 85 0.882006 .................72 84 0.86


2010 .......................................4.592009 .......................................5.162008 .......................................5.902007 .......................................5.652006 .......................................5.49


2010 ...............672 1,517 0.442009 ...............842 1,284 0.662008 ...............833 1,234 0.682007 ...............800 1,197 0.672006 ...............742 1,247 0.60


2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................18 35 0.522009 .................16 31 0.502008 .................16 31 0.512007 .................12 27 0.442006 .................12 27 0.44



2010 .................66 79 0.842009 .................56 70 0.802008 .................54 67 0.792007 .................45 56 0.812006 .................43 50 0.85


2010 .................22 35 0.632009..................— — 0.612008..................— — 0.612007..................— — 0.612006..................— — 0.61


2010 ...................3 8 0.412009 ...................2 4 0.522008 ...................2 4 0.452007 ...................2 3 0.472006 ...................1 3 0.47



2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................19 82 0.232006 .................19 82 0.23


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Mali 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 131 0.568Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 127 0.586







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Malta 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 83 0.670








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................86Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................7Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;

an employee on maternity leave is entitled to full wages during the first 13 weeks of leave, with the 14th week unpaid; social security pays maternity benefit at a flat rate for a maximum of 13 weeks for those not covered

under the Employment and Industrial Relations ActProvider of maternity coverage..................Employer/Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................8Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....17










2010 .................39 78 0.502009 .................40 78 0.512008 .................44 79 0.552007 .................42 79 0.522006 .................34 69 0.49


2010 .......................................5.112009 .......................................5.082008 .......................................5.012007 .......................................5.252006 .......................................4.88


2010 ..........14,458 31,812 0.452009 ..........15,086 28,328 0.532008 ..........12,834 25,623 0.502007 ..........12,226 25,644 0.482006 ............9,893 25,525 0.39


2010 .................18 82 0.212009 .................18 82 0.222008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................16 84 0.192006 .................18 82 0.22


2010 .................41 59 0.702009 .................41 59 0.692008 .................41 59 0.692007 .................39 61 0.642006 .................39 61 0.64



2010 .................94 91 1.032009 .................93 90 1.042008 .................93 90 1.042007 .................89 86 1.032006 .................89 86 1.03



2010 .................92 91 1.012009 .................91 92 0.992008 .................91 92 0.992007 .................94 94 1.002006 .................94 94 1.00


2010 .................85 79 1.072009 .................90 84 1.072008 .................90 84 1.072007 .................90 85 1.062006 .................90 85 1.06


2010 .................39 27 1.422009 .................36 27 1.352008 .................36 27 1.352007 .................30 23 1.342006 .................30 23 1.34



2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 .................25 75 0.332009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 ...................5 45 0.112009 ...................5 45 0.112008 ...................5 45 0.112007 ...................5 45 0.112006 ...................5 45 0.11


Malta 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 83 0.670Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 88 0.664







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Mauritania 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 113 0.615




Economic Participation and Opportunity 118 0.467 0.590Labour force participation .........................................76 0.74 0.69 61 82 0.74Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............125 0.47 0.65 — — 0.47Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................71 0.58 0.53 1,405 2,439 0.58Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........117 0.09 0.27 8 92 0.09Professional and technical workers ......................111 0.27 0.64 21 79 0.27




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................61Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%).................................9Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................75Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage .........National Social Security FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................820Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....88










2010 .................61 82 0.742009 .................63 81 0.772008 .................57 85 0.662007 .................57 85 0.662006 .................54 84 0.65


2010 .......................................3.312009 .......................................4.002008 .......................................4.572007 .......................................4.242006 .......................................4.55


2010 ............1,405 2,439 0.582009 ............1,290 2,474 0.522008 ............1,489 2,996 0.502007 ............1,295 2,601 0.502006 ............1,269 2,284 0.56


2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 ...................8 92 0.092008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................21 79 0.272007..................— — —2006 .................21 79 0.27



2010 .................50 64 0.772009 .................48 63 0.762008 .................48 63 0.762007 .................43 60 0.732006 .................43 60 0.73



2010 .................79 74 1.072009 .................83 78 1.062008 .................82 78 1.052007 .................72 72 1.002006 .................74 75 0.99


2010 .................15 17 0.882009 .................16 18 0.882008 .................15 16 0.902007 .................14 17 0.852006 .................13 16 0.82


2010 ...................2 5 0.362009 ...................2 5 0.362008 ...................2 5 0.362007 ...................2 5 0.332006 ...................2 5 0.31



2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................22 78 0.282007 .................18 82 0.222006 ...................4 96 0.04


2010 .................23 77 0.302009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................12 88 0.142007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Mauritania 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 113 0.615Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 119 0.610







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Mauritius 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 95 0.652








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................76Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................14Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................15Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....35










2010 .................45 80 0.572009 .................47 83 0.572008 .................47 84 0.562007 .................47 84 0.562006 .................43 79 0.54


2010 .......................................4.512009 .......................................4.622008 .......................................4.642007 .......................................4.702006 .......................................3.96


2010 ............6,686 15,972 0.422009 ............6,228 14,949 0.422008 ............7,407 18,098 0.412007 ............6,948 17,173 0.402006 ............6,084 16,606 0.37


2010 .................23 77 0.302009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................22 78 0.282007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................45 55 0.812009 .................45 55 0.822008 .................39 61 0.642007 .................43 57 0.752006 .................38 62 0.61



2010 .................85 90 0.942009 .................84 90 0.942008 .................85 90 0.942007 .................81 88 0.912006 .................81 88 0.91



2010 .................95 93 1.012009 .................96 95 1.012008 .................96 94 1.022007 .................96 94 1.022006 .................95 94 1.01


2010 .................81 79 1.022009 .................82 81 1.022008 .................82 81 1.022007 .................82 81 1.022006 .................83 79 1.04


2010 .................28 24 1.172009 .................15 13 1.172008 .................18 16 1.152007 .................19 15 1.262006 .................20 14 1.39



2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................17 83 0.212008 .................17 83 0.212007 .................17 83 0.212006 .................17 83 0.21


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Mauritius 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 95 0.652Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 96 0.651







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Mexico 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 91 0.658

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................106.35Population growth (%) .............................................................................1.01GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................701.01GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................10,232



Economic Participation and Opportunity 110 0.521 0.590Labour force participation .......................................111 0.55 0.69 46 84 0.55Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............111 0.54 0.65 — — 0.54Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................112 0.42 0.53 8,375 20,107 0.42Legislators, senior officials, and managers............52 0.44 0.27 31 69 0.44Professional and technical workers ........................84 0.70 0.64 41 59 0.70

Educational Attainment 61 0.991 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................77 0.97 0.86 91 95 0.97Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 98 98 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 74 71 1.03Enrolment in tertiary education ................................92 0.98 0.86 27 28 0.98



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health













Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................60Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....82










2010 .................46 84 0.552009 .................44 83 0.532008 .................43 83 0.522007 .................43 83 0.512006 .................40 80 0.50


2010 .......................................3.792009 .......................................3.602008 .......................................3.322007 .......................................3.692006 .......................................3.74


2010 ............8,375 20,107 0.422009 ............7,311 17,236 0.422008 ............6,039 15,680 0.392007 ............5,594 14,202 0.392006 ............5,068 13,506 0.38


2010 .................31 69 0.442009 .................31 69 0.452008 .................27 73 0.382007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 .................41 59 0.702009 .................41 59 0.692008 .................42 58 0.722007 .................42 58 0.722006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................91 95 0.972009 .................90 94 0.962008 .................91 94 0.962007 .................90 92 0.972006 .................90 92 0.97



2010 .................98 98 1.002009 .................97 98 0.992008 .................97 98 0.992007 .................98 98 1.002006 .................98 98 1.00


2010 .................74 71 1.032009 .................72 72 1.002008 .................70 71 0.992007 .................65 63 1.032006 .................65 63 1.03


2010 .................27 28 0.982009 .................26 28 0.932008 .................25 27 0.932007 .................23 24 0.982006 .................23 24 0.98



2010 .................26 74 0.362009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................23 77 0.292006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................11 89 0.122009 .................14 86 0.172008 .................16 86 0.192007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Mexico 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 91 0.658Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 98 0.650







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Moldova 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 34 0.716








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................68Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................15Length of maternity leave ........................................126 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................22Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....25










2010 .................53 57 0.922009 ...................0 0 0.002008 .................63 74 0.852007 .................65 76 0.862006 .................57 70 0.81


2010 .......................................4.802009 .....................................—2008 .......................................6.302007 .......................................5.682006 .......................................5.31


2010 ............2,173 2,964 0.732009 ............1,865 2,969 0.632008 ............1,634 2,608 0.632007 ............1,349 2,143 0.632006 ............1,200 1,850 0.65


2010 .................38 62 0.612009 .................40 60 0.672008 .................39 61 0.632007 .................39 61 0.642006 .................40 60 0.67


2010 .................66 34 1.982009 .................68 32 2.122008 .................64 36 1.782007 .................66 34 1.942006 .................66 34 1.94



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................99 100 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99



2010 .................87 88 0.982009 .................87 88 0.992008 .................88 88 1.002007 .................86 86 0.992006 .................86 86 0.99


2010 .................85 82 1.042009 .................82 79 1.032008 .................83 80 1.042007 .................77 75 1.032006 .................79 76 1.04


2010 .................47 33 1.452009 .................48 35 1.392008 .................46 33 1.382007 .................41 27 1.482006 .................43 31 1.36



2010 .................24 76 0.312009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................22 78 0.282007 .................22 78 0.282006 .................22 78 0.28


2010 ...................5 95 0.062009 .................11 89 0.122008 .................11 89 0.122007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 ...................2 49 0.032009 ...................1 49 0.032008 ...................0 50 0.012007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Moldova 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 34 0.716Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 36 0.710







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Mongolia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 27 0.719




Economic Participation and Opportunity 2 0.875 0.590Labour force participation .........................................26 0.88 0.69 71 80 0.88Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................5 0.81 0.65 — — 0.81Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................6 0.87 0.53 3,019 3,454 0.87Legislators, senior officials, and managers..............6 0.90 0.27 47 53 0.90Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 55 45 1.20




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................66Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................33Length of maternity leave .........................................................120 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................70Provider of maternity coverage ......................Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................46Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....19










2010 .................71 80 0.882009 .................60 62 0.972008 .................56 83 0.682007 .................56 83 0.672006 .................54 82 0.66


2010 .......................................5.662009 .......................................5.602008 .......................................5.462007 .......................................5.332006 .......................................5.46


2010 ............3,019 3,454 0.872009 ............2,172 3,603 0.602008 ............1,413 2,799 0.502007 ............1,379 2,730 0.512006 ............1,478 2,227 0.66


2010 .................47 53 0.902009 .................48 52 0.922008 .................50 50 0.992007 .................30 70 0.432006 .................30 70 0.43


2010 .................55 45 1.202009 .................54 46 1.172008 .................54 46 1.172007 .................66 34 1.942006 .................66 34 1.94



2010 .................98 97 1.012009 .................98 97 1.012008 .................98 97 1.012007 .................98 98 1.002006 .................98 98 1.00



2010 .................88 89 0.982009 .................89 88 1.012008 .................93 90 1.022007 .................91 88 1.032006 .................84 84 1.01


2010 .................85 79 1.082009 .................85 77 1.112008 .................87 77 1.132007 .................83 73 1.142006 .................88 77 1.14


2010 .................61 39 1.572009 .................58 37 1.562008 .................58 37 1.572007 .................51 32 1.622006 .................48 29 1.64



2010 ...................4 96 0.042009 ...................4 96 0.042008 ...................7 93 0.072007 ...................7 93 0.072006 ...................7 93 0.07


2010 ...................7 93 0.082009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................1 49 0.022006 ...................1 49 0.02


Mongolia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 27 0.719Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 22 0.722







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Morocco 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 127 0.577








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health





















2010 .................28 84 0.342009 .................27 83 0.322008 .................29 84 0.342007 .................29 84 0.342006 .................27 81 0.33


2010 .......................................4.482009 .......................................4.222008 .......................................4.132007 .......................................4.282006 .......................................4.53


2010 ............1,603 6,694 0.242009 ............1,578 6,319 0.252008 ............1,846 7,297 0.252007 ............1,742 6,907 0.252006 ............2,299 5,699 0.40


2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................12 88 0.132007 .................12 88 0.142006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................36 64 0.552009 .................35 65 0.542008 .................35 65 0.542007 .................35 65 0.552006 .................31 69 0.45



2010 .................44 69 0.642009 .................42 68 0.622008 .................43 69 0.632007 .................40 66 0.602006 .................40 66 0.60



2010 .................87 92 0.952009 .................86 91 0.952008 .................85 91 0.942007 .................83 89 0.942006 .................83 89 0.94


2010 .................32 37 0.852009 .................32 37 0.852008 .................32 37 0.852007 .................32 38 0.862006 .................32 38 0.86


2010 .................12 13 0.892009 .................11 12 0.892008 .................11 13 0.812007 .................10 12 0.852006 .................10 11 0.87



2010 .................10 90 0.122009 .................11 90 0.122008 .................11 90 0.122007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 .................11 89 0.132009 .................19 81 0.242008 .................19 81 0.242007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Morocco 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 127 0.577Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 124 0.593







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Mozambique 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 22 0.733




Economic Participation and Opportunity 5 0.811 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................2 0.99 0.69 86 87 0.99Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................81 0.64 0.65 — — 0.64Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................4 0.90 0.53 759 848 0.90Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................48Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................17Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................90Length of maternity leave ...........................................................60 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................520Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...185










2010 .................86 87 0.992009 .................89 77 1.162008 .................85 83 1.032007 .................85 83 1.032006..................— — —


2010 .......................................4.462009 .......................................4.872008 .......................................5.222007 .......................................4.602006 .....................................—


2010 ...............759 848 0.902009 ...............663 819 0.812008 ............1,115 1,378 0.812007 ............1,110 1,372 0.812006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................40 70 0.582009 .................32 57 0.562008 .................33 57 0.582007 .................33 64 0.512006..................— — —



2010 .................77 82 0.942009 .................73 79 0.932008 .................73 79 0.932007 .................75 82 0.912006..................— — —


2010 ...................6 6 0.932009 .................23 28 0.832008 .................40 44 0.892007 ...................6 8 0.792006..................— — —


2010 ...................1 2 0.492009 ...................1 2 0.492008 ...................1 2 0.492007 ...................1 2 0.462006..................— — —



2010 .................39 61 0.642009 .................35 65 0.532008 .................35 65 0.532007 .................35 65 0.532006..................— — —


2010 .................26 74 0.352009 .................26 74 0.352008 .................26 74 0.352007 .................13 87 0.152006..................— — —


2010 ...................6 44 0.132009 ...................5 45 0.122008 ...................4 46 0.102007 ...................3 47 0.072006..................— — —


Mozambique 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 22 0.733Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 26 0.720







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Namibia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 25 0.724








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health





















2010 .................53 64 0.842009 .................50 60 0.832008 .................48 64 0.752007 .................48 65 0.752006 .................47 63 0.74


2010 .......................................5.132009 .......................................5.072008 .......................................5.172007 .......................................4.772006 .......................................3.79


2010 ............4,006 6,339 0.632009 ............3,487 6,186 0.562008 ............5,527 9,679 0.572007 ............5,416 9,455 0.572006 ............4,201 8,234 0.51


2010 .................36 64 0.572009 .................36 64 0.562008 .................36 64 0.562007 .................30 70 0.432006 .................30 70 0.43


2010 .................52 48 1.102009 .................52 48 1.082008 .................52 48 1.082007 .................55 45 1.222006 .................55 45 1.22



2010 .................88 89 0.992009 .................87 88 0.982008 .................87 89 0.992007 .................83 87 0.962006 .................83 87 0.96



2010 .................91 87 1.052009 .................89 84 1.062008 .................79 74 1.062007 .................75 70 1.082006 .................76 71 1.08


2010 .................60 49 1.232009 .................55 44 1.232008 .................40 30 1.312007 .................44 32 1.352006 .................43 32 1.35


2010 .................10 8 1.322009 ...................5 6 0.882008 ...................5 6 0.882007..................— — 1.152006 ...................7 6 1.15



2010 .................27 73 0.372009 .................27 73 0.372008 .................27 73 0.372007 .................27 73 0.372006 .................27 73 0.37


2010 .................24 76 0.322009 .................25 75 0.332008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................19 81 0.23


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Namibia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 25 0.724Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 32 0.717







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Nepal 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 115 0.608




Economic Participation and Opportunity 112 0.517 0.590Labour force participation .........................................57 0.81 0.69 66 82 0.81Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............110 0.55 0.65 — — 0.55Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................59 0.61 0.53 794 1,309 0.61Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........101 0.16 0.27 14 86 0.16Professional and technical workers ......................112 0.24 0.64 20 80 0.24




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................19Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................48Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................41Length of maternity leave ...........................................................52 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................830Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...106










2010 .................66 82 0.812009 .................62 78 0.792008 .................53 81 0.662007 .................53 81 0.652006 .................50 78 0.64


2010 .......................................3.832009 .......................................3.962008 .......................................3.762007 .......................................3.962006 .......................................3.49


2010 ...............794 1,309 0.612009 ...............671 1,331 0.502008 ............1,038 2,072 0.502007 ...............995 1,993 0.502006 ...............949 1,868 0.51


2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 .................20 80 0.242009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 .................19 81 0.232006..................— — —



2010 .................45 71 0.642009 .................42 69 0.612008 .................44 70 0.622007 .................35 63 0.562006 .................35 63 0.56



2010 .................73 84 0.872009 .................78 81 0.962008 .................74 84 0.872007 .................73 83 0.872006 .................73 83 0.87


2010 .................40 44 0.912009 .................40 44 0.922008..................— — 0.772007..................— — 0.772006 .................90 116 0.77


2010 ...................3 8 0.402009 ...................3 8 0.402008 ...................3 8 0.402007 ...................3 8 0.402006 ...................3 8 0.40



2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................17 83 0.212006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................8 92 0.082009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Nepal 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 115 0.608Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 110 0.621







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Netherlands 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 17 0.744








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................67Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................6Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......4

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%) ..........................................—Female teachers, secondary education (%) .....................................46Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................38









2010 .................74 85 0.872009 .................70 82 0.852008 .................70 84 0.832007 .................70 85 0.822006 .................56 73 0.77


2010 .......................................4.572009 .......................................4.382008 .......................................4.222007 .......................................4.512006 .......................................4.53


2010 ..........31,048 40,000 0.782009 ..........26,207 40,000 0.662008 ..........25,625 39,845 0.642007 ..........24,652 39,035 0.632006 ..........20,512 38,389 0.53


2010 .................27 73 0.382009 .................28 72 0.382008 .................26 74 0.352007 .................26 74 0.352006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................50 50 0.992009 .................50 50 1.002008 .................50 50 1.002007 .................48 52 0.922006 .................48 52 0.92



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 .................96 96 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................97 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99


2010 .................89 88 1.012009 .................90 88 1.022008 .................89 88 1.012007 .................90 89 1.012006 .................81 89 0.91


2010 .................64 58 1.112009 .................63 58 1.092008 .................62 58 1.082007 .................62 57 1.082006 .................62 57 1.08



2010 .................41 59 0.692009 .................41 59 0.702008 .................39 61 0.652007 .................37 63 0.582006 .................37 63 0.58


2010 .................24 76 0.312009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................33 67 0.502007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Netherlands 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 17 0.744Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 11 0.749







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


New Zealand 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 5 0.781








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................94Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................75Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage ..........................................State funds

(universal and social assistance system)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................9Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....29










2010 .................72 85 0.852009 .................71 84 0.852008 .................72 83 0.862007 .................71 83 0.852006 .................60 74 0.82


2010 .......................................5.222009 .......................................5.362008 .......................................5.292007 .......................................5.092006 .......................................4.41


2010 ..........22,456 32,375 0.692009 ..........21,181 29,391 0.722008 ..........20,666 29,479 0.702007 ..........19,264 27,711 0.702006 ..........18,379 26,960 0.68


2010 .................40 60 0.672009 .................40 60 0.652008 .................40 60 0.662007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 .................55 45 1.252009 .................54 46 1.182008 .................52 48 1.082007 .................52 48 1.082006 .................52 48 1.08



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 ...............100 99 1.012009 .................99 99 1.012008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00


2010 .................92 90 1.032009 .................93 91 1.032008 .................93 91 1.032007..................— — 1.032006 .................96 93 1.03


2010 .................94 64 1.482009 .................96 64 1.492008 .................96 64 1.512007 ...............103 70 1.472006 .................74 53 1.40



2010 .................34 66 0.512009 .................34 66 0.512008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................32 68 0.47


2010 .................29 71 0.402009 .................32 68 0.472008 .................32 68 0.472007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................11 39 0.282009 .................11 39 0.272008 .................11 39 0.272007 .................10 40 0.252006 ...................9 41 0.22


New Zealand 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 5 0.781Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 5 0.788







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Nicaragua 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 30 0.718




Economic Participation and Opportunity 94 0.591 0.590Labour force participation .........................................97 0.61 0.69 50 81 0.61Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............109 0.55 0.65 — — 0.55Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................120 0.34 0.53 1,293 3,854 0.34Legislators, senior officials, and managers............14 0.70 0.27 41 59 0.70Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 51 49 1.05




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health













Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................170Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...109










2010 .................50 81 0.612009 .................40 89 0.452008 .................37 88 0.432007 .................37 87 0.422006 .................36 86 0.41


2010 .......................................3.852009 .......................................4.032008 .......................................4.102007 .......................................3.672006 .......................................3.52


2010 ............1,293 3,854 0.342009 ............1,182 3,703 0.322008 ............1,773 5,577 0.322007 ............1,747 5,524 0.322006 ............2,018 4,512 0.45


2010 .................41 59 0.702009 .................41 59 0.702008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................51 49 1.052009 .................51 49 1.052008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................78 78 1.002009 .................81 79 1.022008 .................81 80 1.022007 .................77 77 1.002006 .................77 77 1.00



2010 .................92 92 1.002009 .................96 95 1.012008 .................90 90 1.002007 .................86 88 0.982006 .................87 89 0.99


2010 .................48 42 1.162009 .................49 42 1.152008 .................47 40 1.162007 .................46 40 1.152006 .................43 38 1.13


2010 .................19 17 1.092009 .................19 17 1.082008 .................19 17 1.082007..................— — 1.112006 .................19 17 1.11



2010 .................21 79 0.262009 .................19 82 0.232008 .................19 82 0.232007 .................19 82 0.232006 .................21 79 0.26


2010 .................38 62 0.632009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................33 67 0.502007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................7 43 0.152009 ...................7 43 0.152008 ...................7 43 0.152007 ...................7 43 0.162006 ...................7 43 0.16


Nicaragua 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 30 0.718Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 49 0.700







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Nigeria 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 118 0.606

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................151.21Population growth (%) .............................................................................2.34GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................74.18GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................1,370



Economic Participation and Opportunity 86 0.604 0.590Labour force participation .......................................114 0.53 0.69 40 75 0.53Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................10 0.78 0.65 — — 0.78Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................110 0.42 0.53 1,163 2,777 0.42Legislators, senior officials, and managers ...........— — 0.27 — — —Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................35Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................15Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................96Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................50Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..........................1100Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...126










2010 .................45 85 0.532009 .................47 86 0.542008 .................47 86 0.542007 .................39 72 0.552006 .................40 75 0.53


2010 .......................................5.482009 .......................................5.702008 .......................................6.162007 .......................................4.952006 .......................................5.64


2010 ............1,163 2,777 0.422009 ............1,054 2,650 0.402008 ...............652 1,592 0.412007 ...............669 1,628 0.412006 ...............614 1,495 0.41


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................49 72 0.682009 .................63 79 0.792008 .................64 80 0.802007 .................59 74 0.802006 .................59 74 0.80



2010 .................58 64 0.902009 .................60 68 0.882008 .................59 68 0.872007 .................81 95 0.852006 .................57 64 0.89


2010 .................22 29 0.772009 .................23 28 0.822008 .................23 28 0.822007 .................25 29 0.862006 .................25 30 0.83


2010 ...................8 12 0.702009 ...................8 12 0.672008 ...................8 12 0.672007 ...................7 13 0.542006 ...................7 13 0.54



2010 ...................7 93 0.082009 ...................7 93 0.082008 ...................7 93 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................6 94 0.07


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Nigeria 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 118 0.606Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 108 0.628







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Norway 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 2 0.840




Economic Participation and Opportunity 3 0.831 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................8 0.94 0.69 76 81 0.94Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................22 0.75 0.65 — — 0.75Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................1 1.00 0.53 40,000 40,000 1.00Legislators, senior officials, and managers............49 0.46 0.27 31 69 0.46Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 51 49 1.06



Political Empowerment 3 0.561 0.179Women in parliament....................................................7 0.66 0.22 40 60 0.66Women in ministerial positions...................................1 1.00 0.18 53 47 1.11Years with female head of state (last 50) ................10 0.25 0.15 10 40 0.25

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................88Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave..................................................46–56 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..........Parental benefits

are paid either at 100% for 46 weeks or at 80% for 56 weeks; prior to 1 July 2009, parental benefits paid 100% for 44 weeks

80% for 54 weeksProvider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................7Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......9










2010 .................76 81 0.942009 .................75 81 0.932008 .................77 83 0.932007 .................77 84 0.922006 .................63 73 0.87


2010 .......................................5.272009 .......................................5.152008 .......................................5.262007 .......................................4.952006 .......................................4.61


2010 ..........40,000 40,000 1.002009 ..........31,663 40,000 0.792008 ..........30,749 40,000 0.772007 ..........33,034 40,000 0.752006 ..........32,272 40,000 0.75


2010 .................31 69 0.462009 .................32 68 0.472008 .................34 66 0.512007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................30 70 0.43


2010 .................51 49 1.062009 .................51 49 1.042008 .................50 50 1.002007 .................50 50 1.002006 .................50 50 1.00



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................98 98 1.012007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00


2010 .................96 96 1.002009 .................97 97 1.012008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................97 96 1.012006 .................97 96 1.01


2010 .................91 56 1.622009 .................94 60 1.572008 .................94 61 1.542007 .................98 64 1.542006 .................98 64 1.54



2010 .................40 60 0.662009 .................36 64 0.562008 .................36 64 0.562007 .................38 62 0.612006 .................38 62 0.61


2010 .................53 47 1.112009 .................56 44 1.252008 .................56 44 1.252007 .................44 56 0.802006 .................44 56 0.80


2010 .................10 40 0.252009 .................10 40 0.252008 .................10 40 0.252007 .................10 40 0.242006 .................10 40 0.24


Norway 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 2 0.840Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 3 0.823







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Oman 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 122 0.595




Economic Participation and Opportunity 129 0.400 0.590Labour force participation .......................................127 0.34 0.69 27 79 0.34Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................61 0.67 0.65 — — 0.67Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................129 0.23 0.53 7,697 32,797 0.23Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........112 0.10 0.27 9 91 0.10Professional and technical workers ......................100 0.49 0.64 33 67 0.49




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health





















2010 .................27 79 0.342009 .................27 79 0.342008 .................25 82 0.302007 .................24 83 0.292006..................— — —


2010 .......................................4.682009 .......................................4.932008 .......................................5.392007 .......................................4.822006 .....................................—


2010 ............7,697 32,797 0.232009 ............6,466 32,361 0.202008 ............4,516 23,880 0.192007 ............4,273 23,676 0.182006..................— — —


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006..................— — —


2010 .................33 67 0.492009 .................33 67 0.492008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................33 67 0.492006..................— — —



2010 .................81 90 0.902009 .................77 89 0.862008 .................77 89 0.872007 .................74 87 0.852006..................— — —



2010 .................69 67 1.032009 .................74 72 1.022008 .................75 73 1.022007 .................76 75 1.012006..................— — —


2010 .................78 79 0.992009 .................79 78 1.012008 .................77 77 0.992007 .................76 75 1.022006..................— — —


2010 .................32 27 1.182009 .................28 23 1.182008 .................26 25 1.042007 .................16 13 1.222006..................— — —



2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................2 98 0.022006..................— — —


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 .................10 90 0.112006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Oman 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 122 0.595Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 123 0.594







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Pakistan 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 132 0.546

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................166.11Population growth (%) .............................................................................2.14GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................108.00GDP (PPP) per capita................................................................................991



Economic Participation and Opportunity 133 0.306 0.590Labour force participation .......................................134 0.26 0.69 22 88 0.26Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............106 0.57 0.65 — — 0.57Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................132 0.18 0.53 760 4,135 0.18Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........124 0.03 0.27 3 97 0.03Professional and technical workers ......................109 0.28 0.64 22 78 0.28




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health












coverage for employees of industrial, commercial, and other establishments with five or more workers;

special systems for public-sector employees, members of the armed forces, police officers,

local authority employees, and railway employeesProvider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................320Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....20










2010 .................22 88 0.262009 .................22 87 0.252008 .................34 85 0.402007 .................34 86 0.392006 .................33 83 0.39


2010 .......................................3.962009 .......................................4.052008 .......................................4.062007 .......................................4.172006 .......................................3.84


2010 ...............760 4,135 0.182009 ............1,076 3,569 0.302008 ............1,059 3,607 0.292007 ...............977 3,403 0.292006 ............1,050 3,082 0.34


2010 ...................3 97 0.032009 ...................3 97 0.042008 ...................3 97 0.032007 ...................2 98 0.022006 ...................2 98 0.02


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................25 75 0.332008 .................26 74 0.352007 .................26 74 0.352006 .................26 74 0.35



2010 .................40 67 0.602009 .................40 68 0.582008 .................40 69 0.592007 .................36 63 0.572006 .................36 63 0.57



2010 .................60 72 0.832009 .................57 73 0.782008 .................57 73 0.782007 .................59 77 0.762006 .................56 76 0.73


2010 .................28 37 0.762009 .................28 37 0.762008 .................26 33 0.772007 .................18 24 0.742006..................— — 0.73


2010 ...................5 6 0.852009 ...................5 6 0.852008 ...................4 5 0.852007 ...................4 5 0.882006 ...................3 4 0.80



2010 .................22 78 0.292009 .................23 78 0.292008 .................23 78 0.292007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 ...................8 93 0.082009 ...................4 96 0.042008 ...................4 96 0.042007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................5 45 0.102009 ...................5 45 0.112008 ...................5 45 0.112007 ...................5 45 0.112006 ...................5 45 0.11


Pakistan 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 132 0.546Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 132 0.546







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Panama 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 39 0.707




Economic Participation and Opportunity 47 0.693 0.590Labour force participation .........................................96 0.62 0.69 53 85 0.62Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............100 0.59 0.65 — — 0.59Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................69 0.58 0.53 8,331 14,397 0.58Legislators, senior officials, and managers..............5 0.93 0.27 48 52 0.93Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 53 47 1.13




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................91Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%) ..............................—Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................19Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;


Provider of maternity coverage ......................Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................130Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....85








2010 .................53 85 0.622009 .................52 85 0.622008 .................56 83 0.682007 .................55 83 0.662006 .................51 79 0.64


2010 .......................................4.102009 .......................................4.232008 .......................................4.022007 .......................................4.142006 .......................................4.22


2010 ............8,331 14,397 0.582009 ............7,728 12,481 0.622008 ............5,537 9,636 0.572007 ............5,219 9,300 0.562006 ............4,597 9,069 0.51


2010 .................48 52 0.932009 .................44 56 0.772008 .................45 55 0.822007 .................39 61 0.642006 .................40 60 0.67


2010 .................53 47 1.132009 .................52 48 1.072008 .................49 51 0.962007 .................51 49 1.042006 .................50 50 1.00



2010 .................93 94 0.992009 .................93 94 0.992008 .................93 94 0.992007 .................91 93 0.992006 .................92 93 0.99



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................98 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 98 1.00


2010 .................69 63 1.102009 .................67 61 1.112008 .................67 61 1.112007 .................67 61 1.092006 .................67 61 1.10


2010 .................56 35 1.592009 .................56 35 1.612008 .................56 35 1.612007 .................55 34 1.632006 .................57 35 1.59



2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 ...................9 92 0.092008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 .................27 73 0.362009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................5 45 0.112009 ...................5 45 0.112008 ...................5 45 0.112007 ...................5 45 0.112006 ...................5 45 0.11


Panama 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 39 0.707Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 43 0.702







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Paraguay 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 69 0.680








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health












9 weeks coverageProvider of maternity coverage ..................Social insurance systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................150Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....65








2010 .................59 88 0.672009 .................74 86 0.862008 .................69 87 0.802007 .................69 87 0.792006 .................65 84 0.77


2010 .......................................3.712009 .......................................3.722008 .......................................3.792007 .......................................4.082006 .......................................3.66


2010 ............3,439 5,405 0.642009 ............3,019 5,021 0.602008 ............2,358 6,892 0.342007 ............2,789 6,806 0.412006 ............2,316 7,000 0.33


2010 .................34 66 0.522009 .................35 65 0.532008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................50 50 1.022009 .................50 50 1.012008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................54 46 1.172006 .................54 46 1.17



2010 .................93 96 0.982009 .................93 94 0.982008 .................93 94 0.992007 .................51 63 0.812006 .................51 63 0.80



2010 .................90 90 1.002009 .................95 94 1.012008 .................95 94 1.012007..................— — 0.962006..................— — 0.96


2010 .................60 57 1.072009 .................59 56 1.062008 .................59 56 1.062007..................— — 1.022006..................— — 1.02


2010 .................33 24 1.352009 .................27 24 1.132008 .................27 24 1.132007..................— — 1.372006 .................28 21 1.37



2010 .................13 88 0.142009 .................13 88 0.142008 .................10 90 0.112007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................19 81 0.232008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................31 69 0.452006 .................31 69 0.45


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Paraguay 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 69 0.680Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 66 0.687







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Peru 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 60 0.690





Educational Attainment 89 0.980 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................101 0.89 0.86 85 95 0.89Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 95 94 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 75 75 1.00Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 36 33 1.06



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................71Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................71Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................22Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage......................Social security systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................240Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....59








2010 .................62 78 0.802009 .................65 85 0.772008 .................62 83 0.752007 .................61 84 0.732006 .................59 82 0.72


2010 .......................................4.342009 .......................................4.332008 .......................................4.072007 .......................................3.852006 .......................................3.95


2010 ............5,828 9,835 0.592009 ............5,059 9,096 0.562008 ............4,269 7,791 0.552007 ............3,294 8,036 0.412006 ............2,231 8,256 0.27


2010 .................19 81 0.242009 .................30 70 0.422008 .................28 72 0.392007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 .................46 54 0.842009 .................46 54 0.862008 .................42 58 0.722007 .................44 56 0.792006 .................47 53 0.89



2010 .................85 95 0.892009 .................84 94 0.892008 .................86 95 0.902007 .................82 93 0.882006 .................82 93 0.88



2010 .................95 94 1.002009 .................97 95 1.022008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................97 97 1.002006 .................97 97 1.00


2010 .................75 75 1.002009 .................77 76 1.012008 .................72 72 1.002007 .................69 69 1.002006 .................69 69 1.00


2010 .................36 33 1.062009 .................36 34 1.062008 .................36 34 1.062007 .................34 33 1.032006 .................34 33 1.03



2010 .................28 73 0.382009 .................28 73 0.382008 .................29 71 0.412007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................29 71 0.41


2010 .................22 78 0.292009 .................29 71 0.422008 .................29 71 0.422007 .................12 88 0.132006 .................12 88 0.13


2010 ...................1 50 0.012009 ...................0 50 0.012008 ...................0 50 0.012007 ...................1 50 0.012006 ...................1 50 0.01


Peru 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 60 0.690Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 44 0.702







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Philippines 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 9 0.765








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................60Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................51Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................26Length of maternity leave ...........................................................60 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................230Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....55








2010 .................51 80 0.632009 .................51 82 0.622008 .................58 85 0.682007 .................57 85 0.672006 .................55 83 0.66


2010 .......................................5.342009 .......................................5.212008 .......................................5.272007 .......................................5.732006 .......................................5.10


2010 ............2,506 4,293 0.582009 ............2,394 3,899 0.612008 ............3,883 6,375 0.612007 ............3,449 5,763 0.602006 ............3,213 5,409 0.59


2010 .................55 45 1.212009 .................57 43 1.332008 .................58 42 1.382007 .................58 42 1.382006 .................58 42 1.38


2010 .................62 38 1.642009 .................63 37 1.702008 .................62 38 1.632007 .................61 39 1.562006 .................62 38 1.63



2010 .................94 93 1.012009 .................94 93 1.002008 .................94 93 1.012007 .................93 93 1.002006 .................93 93 1.00



2010 .................93 91 1.022009 .................92 90 1.022008 .................92 90 1.022007 .................95 93 1.022006 .................95 93 1.02


2010 .................66 55 1.192009 .................67 56 1.202008 .................66 55 1.212007 .................67 56 1.202006 .................67 56 1.20


2010 .................32 26 1.242009 .................32 25 1.242008 .................32 25 1.242007 .................32 25 1.282006 .................32 25 1.28



2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................21 80 0.262008 .................21 80 0.262007 .................15 85 0.172006 .................16 84 0.19


2010 .................14 86 0.162009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 .................16 34 0.462009 .................15 35 0.422008 .................14 36 0.382007 .................12 38 0.332006 .................11 39 0.29


Philippines 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 9 0.765Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 9 0.758







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Poland 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 43 0.704








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................6Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ......................Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................8Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....13








2010 .................56 70 0.812009 .................57 69 0.832008 .................57 68 0.842007 .................58 69 0.842006 .................48 61 0.78


2010 .......................................3.532009 .......................................3.152008 .......................................2.762007 .......................................2.752006 .......................................3.29


2010 ..........11,957 20,292 0.592009 ..........11,084 18,466 0.602008 ..........10,414 17,493 0.602007 ............9,746 16,400 0.592006 ............8,769 14,147 0.62


2010 .................36 64 0.572009 .................36 64 0.572008 .................35 65 0.552007 .................34 66 0.522006 .................34 66 0.52


2010 .................60 40 1.522009 .................60 40 1.482008 .................61 39 1.562007 .................61 39 1.562006 .................61 39 1.56



2010 .................99 100 1.002009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................99 100 0.992007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................96 95 1.012009 .................96 95 1.012008 .................96 96 1.012007 .................98 97 1.002006 .................98 97 1.00


2010 .................95 93 1.022009 .................95 93 1.022008 .................94 93 1.022007 .................92 89 1.032006 .................92 89 1.03


2010 .................78 56 1.402009 .................78 56 1.402008 .................77 55 1.402007 .................72 51 1.412006 .................72 51 1.41



2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................20 80 0.252008 .................20 80 0.252007 .................20 80 0.262006 .................20 80 0.26


2010 .................28 72 0.382009 .................26 74 0.362008 .................26 74 0.362007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................1 49 0.032009 ...................1 49 0.032008 ...................1 49 0.032007 ...................1 49 0.032006 ...................1 49 0.03


Poland 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 43 0.704Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 50 0.700







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Portugal 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 32 0.717








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................67Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................3Length of maternity leave .........................................................120 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................11Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....17








2010 .................69 79 0.872009 .................68 79 0.862008 .................69 80 0.862007 .................68 80 0.852006 .................56 70 0.79


2010 .......................................4.032009 .......................................4.182008 .......................................4.522007 .......................................4.352006 .......................................4.53


2010 ..........17,154 28,762 0.602009 ..........15,842 26,061 0.612008 ..........15,294 25,881 0.592007 ..........14,635 24,971 0.592006 ..........12,853 23,829 0.54


2010 .................31 69 0.452009 .................32 68 0.462008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................32 68 0.47


2010 .................52 48 1.072009 .................51 49 1.032008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................52 48 1.082006 .................52 48 1.08



2010 .................93 97 0.962009 .................93 96 0.962008 .................93 97 0.972007 .................91 96 0.962006 .................91 95 0.95



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................98 98 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................99 99 0.99


2010 .................92 84 1.092009 .................92 84 1.092008 .................86 78 1.102007 .................87 78 1.112006 .................87 78 1.11


2010 .................63 51 1.222009 .................62 51 1.222008 .................61 48 1.282007 .................65 49 1.322006 .................65 49 1.32



2010 .................27 73 0.382009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................28 72 0.392007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 .................31 69 0.452009 .................13 88 0.142008 .................13 88 0.142007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................17 83 0.20


2010 ...................0 50 0.012009 ...................0 50 0.012008 ...................0 50 0.012007 ...................1 50 0.012006 ...................1 50 0.01


Portugal 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 32 0.717Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 46 0.701







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Qatar 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 117 0.606

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .......................................................................1.28Population growth (%) ...........................................................................11.87GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................29.27GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................62,451



Economic Participation and Opportunity 116 0.483 0.590Labour force participation .......................................112 0.55 0.69 51 93 0.55Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................80 0.64 0.65 — — 0.64Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................56 0.61 0.53 24,584 40,000 0.61Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........120 0.07 0.27 7 93 0.07Professional and technical workers ......................113 0.24 0.64 20 80 0.24




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................43Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................7Length of maternity leave ...........................................................50 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................12Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....16








2010 .................51 93 0.552009 .................42 92 0.462008 .................37 89 0.422007 .................37 90 0.412006..................— — —


2010 .......................................4.482009 .......................................4.552008 .......................................5.122007 .......................................4.982006 .....................................—


2010 ..........24,584 40,000 0.612009 ............9,935 40,000 0.252008 ............9,211 37,774 0.242007..................— — — 2006..................— — —


2010 ...................7 93 0.072009 ...................7 93 0.082008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................8 92 0.092006..................— — —


2010 .................20 80 0.242009 .................26 74 0.342008 .................24 76 0.322007 .................24 76 0.322006..................— — —



2010 .................90 94 0.962009 .................90 90 1.002008 .................90 90 1.002007 .................89 89 0.992006..................— — —



2010 .................94 95 0.992009 .................93 93 1.002008 .................94 93 1.012007 .................96 96 1.002006..................— — —


2010 .................98 67 1.472009 .................92 94 0.982008 .................90 91 0.992007 .................89 91 0.982006..................— — —


2010 .................31 5 6.052009 .................27 9 2.872008 .................33 10 3.412007 .................34 10 3.372006..................— — —



2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................0 100 0.002006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................8 92 0.082008 ...................8 92 0.082007 ...................8 92 0.082006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Qatar 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 117 0.606Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 125 0.591







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Romania 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 67 0.683

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................21.51Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.15GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................61.20GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................9,300




Educational Attainment 73 0.989 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................67 0.99 0.86 97 98 0.99Enrolment in primary education................................76 0.99 0.98 90 91 0.99Enrolment in secondary education ..........................94 0.97 0.92 72 74 0.97Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 75 56 1.34



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................70Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................11Length of maternity leave ........................................126 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................85Provider of maternity coverage ......................Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................24Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....35








2010 .................54 68 0.792009 .................55 68 0.812008 .................54 67 0.812007 .................55 68 0.812006 .................50 63 0.80


2010 .......................................4.912009 .......................................4.892008 .......................................4.522007 .......................................4.752006 .......................................4.45


2010 ..........10,053 14,808 0.682009 ............8,648 12,286 0.702008 ............7,443 10,761 0.692007 ............6,723 10,325 0.652006 ............5,391 9,261 0.58


2010 .................29 71 0.422009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................30 70 0.432007 .................29 71 0.412006 .................31 69 0.45


2010 .................56 44 1.292009 .................56 44 1.282008 .................57 43 1.332007 .................57 43 1.332006 .................57 43 1.33



2010 .................97 98 0.992009 .................97 98 0.982008 .................97 98 0.992007 .................96 98 0.982006 .................96 98 0.98



2010 .................90 91 0.992009 .................94 94 1.002008 .................93 93 1.002007 .................92 92 0.992006 .................92 92 0.99


2010 .................72 74 0.972009 .................72 74 0.972008 .................73 74 0.982007 .................82 80 1.032006 .................82 80 1.03


2010 .................75 56 1.342009 .................67 50 1.332008 .................59 46 1.302007 .................45 36 1.262006 .................45 36 1.26



2010 .................11 89 0.132009 .................11 89 0.132008 ...................9 91 0.102007 .................11 89 0.132006 .................11 89 0.13


2010 ...................6 94 0.072009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 .................13 88 0.142006 .................13 88 0.14


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Romania 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 67 0.683Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 70 0.681







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Russian Federation 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 45 0.704

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................141.95Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.11GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................430.12GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................11,832




Educational Attainment 26 0.999 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................53 1.00 0.86 99 100 1.00Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 91 91 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 — — 1.00Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 89 66 1.36



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................9Length of maternity leave ........................................140 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .......100, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage ......................Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................28Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....28








2010 .................69 76 0.912009 .................69 76 0.912008 .................67 76 0.892007 .................67 75 0.892006 .................54 68 0.80


2010 .......................................4.602009 .......................................4.642008 .......................................4.782007 .....................................—2006 .......................................4.03


2010 ..........11,675 18,171 0.642009 ..........10,360 16,474 0.632008 ............8,476 13,581 0.622007 ............7,735 12,401 0.622006 ............7,302 11,429 0.64


2010 .................37 63 0.592009 .................39 61 0.632008 .................39 61 0.642007 .................38 62 0.612006 .................39 61 0.64


2010 .................64 36 1.802009 .................64 36 1.782008 .................64 36 1.782007 .................64 36 1.782006 .................64 36 1.78



2010 .................99 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 .................99 100 1.002007 .................99 100 1.002006 .................99 100 1.00



2010 .................91 91 1.002009 .................91 91 1.002008 .................91 91 1.002007 .................92 91 1.012006 .................92 91 1.01


2010..................— — 1.002009..................— — 1.002008..................— — 1.002007..................— — 1.002006..................— — 1.00


2010 .................89 66 1.362009 .................86 64 1.352008 .................83 61 1.362007 .................79 58 1.362006 .................79 58 1.36



2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................14 86 0.162008 .................14 86 0.162007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Russian Federation 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 45 0.704Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 51 0.699







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Saudi Arabia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 129 0.571


Mean age of marriage for women (years) ..............................................25Fertility rate (births per woman) ............................................................3.10Year women received right to vote..........................................................—Overall population sex ratio (male/female) ..........................................1.21






Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................91Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................24Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................18Length of maternity leave ........................................................10 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .................50% or 100%,

depending on the duration of employmentProvider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................18Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......7




Basic Rights and Social Institutions**Paternal versus maternal authority .................................................1.00Female genital mutilation .....................................................................—Polygamy ..............................................................................................0.50Existence of legislation punishing acts of violence against women ............................................................1.00




2010 .................22 82 0.272009 .................20 82 0.242008 .................19 82 0.232007 .................19 80 0.232006 .................18 78 0.22


2010 .......................................4.212009 .......................................3.582008 .......................................3.522007 .......................................3.782006 .....................................—


2010 ............5,987 36,662 0.162009 ............5,938 35,137 0.172008 ............4,031 25,678 0.162007 ............3,486 22,617 0.152006 ............4,440 20,717 0.21


2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 .................10 90 0.112008 ...................9 91 0.102007 .................31 69 0.452006 .................31 69 0.45


2010 .................27 73 0.372009 .................29 71 0.402008 ...................6 94 0.062007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06



2010 .................80 90 0.902009 .................78 89 0.882008 .................79 89 0.892007 .................69 87 0.802006 .................69 87 0.80



2010 .................84 85 0.992009 .................84 85 0.992008 .................87 87 1.002007 .................79 77 1.032006 .................91 62 1.47


2010 .................76 70 1.082009 .................76 70 1.082008 .................72 70 1.032007 .................68 63 1.082006 .................70 54 1.31


2010 .................37 23 1.652009 .................35 23 1.502008 .................35 23 1.502007 .................34 23 1.472006 ...................7 22 0.32



2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Saudi Arabia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 129 0.571Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 130 0.565







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Senegal 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 101 0.641

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................12.21Population growth (%) .............................................................................2.64GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................6.55GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................1,087







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................52Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................12Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................57Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................980Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...100






Singapore 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 56 0.691




Economic Participation and Opportunity 20 0.753 0.590Labour force participation .........................................77 0.74 0.69 60 82 0.74Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................7 0.80 0.65 — — 0.80Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................7 0.86 0.53 34,554 40,000 0.86Legislators, senior officials, and managers............48 0.46 0.27 31 69 0.46Professional and technical workers ........................78 0.82 0.64 45 55 0.82

Educational Attainment 103 0.937 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................88 0.94 0.86 92 97 0.94Enrolment in primary education..............................123 0.93 0.98 — — 0.93Enrolment in secondary education ........................104 0.95 0.92 — — 0.95Enrolment in tertiary education................................— — 0.86 — — —



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................62Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................2Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ..................................100;

employer for first 8 weeks, government for last 4 weeks, up to a ceiling; for third and subsequent births,

government for the full 12 weeks, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage ...............Employer and governmentMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................14Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......6








2010 .................60 82 0.742009 .................60 83 0.732008 .................57 82 0.692007 .................57 83 0.682006 .................51 76 0.66


2010 .......................................5.582009 .......................................5.562008 .......................................5.472007 .......................................5.742006 .......................................5.64


2010 ..........34,554 40,000 0.862009 ..........20,775 40,000 0.522008 ..........20,044 39,150 0.512007 ..........18,905 37,125 0.512006 ..........16,489 32,089 0.51


2010 .................31 69 0.462009 .................31 69 0.442008 .................31 69 0.452007 .................26 74 0.352006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................45 55 0.822009 .................45 55 0.822008 .................44 56 0.792007 .................45 55 0.822006 .................45 55 0.82



2010 .................92 97 0.942009 .................91 97 0.942008 .................92 97 0.942007 .................89 97 0.922006 .................89 97 0.92



2010..................— — 0.932009..................— — 0.932008..................— — 0.932007..................— — 0.932006 .................48 52 0.93


2010..................— — 0.952009..................— — 0.952008..................— — 0.952007..................— — 0.952006 .................49 51 0.95


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................23 77 0.312009 .................25 76 0.322008 .................25 76 0.322007 .................25 76 0.322006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 ...................5 95 0.052009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Singapore 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 56 0.691Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 84 0.666







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Slovak Republic 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 71 0.678








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................80Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................6Length of maternity leave ........................................................28 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................55Provider of maternity coverage ......................Social Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................6Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....21








2010 .................62 77 0.802009 .................62 77 0.812008 .................62 76 0.822007 .................62 76 0.822006 .................52 68 0.76


2010 .......................................3.752009 .......................................3.782008 .......................................3.792007 .......................................4.172006 .......................................3.48


2010 ..........14,790 25,684 0.582009 ..........13,311 22,583 0.592008 ..........11,777 20,218 0.582007 ..........10,856 18,617 0.582006 ..........10,681 16,463 0.65


2010 .................30 70 0.422009 .................31 69 0.452008 .................28 72 0.392007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................35 65 0.54


2010 .................59 41 1.452009 .................58 42 1.402008 .................58 42 1.382007 .................61 39 1.562006 .................61 39 1.56



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................92 91 1.012009 .................92 92 1.012008 .................92 92 1.012007..................— — 0.992006..................— — 0.99


2010..................— — 1.012009..................— — 1.012008..................— — 1.012007..................— — 1.012006..................— — 1.01


2010 .................66 42 1.582009 .................61 41 1.492008 .................53 38 1.422007 .................40 33 1.232006 .................38 33 1.18



2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................19 81 0.242008 .................19 81 0.242007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................13 87 0.152008 .................13 87 0.152007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Slovak Republic 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 71 0.678Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 68 0.685







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Slovenia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 42 0.705








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................79Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................2Length of maternity leave ........................................105 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage .....................................................StateMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................6Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......5








2010 .................67 75 0.882009 .................66 75 0.882008 .................67 76 0.892007 .................67 76 0.882006 .................54 67 0.80


2010 .......................................4.722009 .......................................4.712008 .......................................4.572007 .......................................4.442006 .......................................3.95


2010 ..........20,427 33,398 0.612009 ..........19,246 31,010 0.622008 ..........17,022 27,779 0.612007 ..........15,992 26,129 0.612006 ..........14,751 23,779 0.62


2010 .................35 65 0.552009 .................34 66 0.532008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................34 66 0.522006 .................33 67 0.49


2010 .................56 44 1.252009 .................56 44 1.272008 .................56 44 1.272007 .................57 43 1.332006 .................56 44 1.27



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 ...............100 100 1.002006 ...............100 100 1.00



2010 .................97 97 0.992009 .................96 96 1.002008 .................95 96 1.002007 .................98 98 1.002006 .................98 98 1.00


2010 .................92 91 1.012009 .................89 88 1.012008 .................91 90 1.012007 .................95 94 1.002006 .................95 94 1.00


2010 ...............103 71 1.462009 ...............102 70 1.452008 .................99 68 1.462007 .................86 62 1.382006 .................86 62 1.38



2010 .................14 86 0.172009 .................13 87 0.152008 .................12 88 0.142007 .................12 88 0.142006 .................12 88 0.14


2010 .................22 78 0.292009 .................18 82 0.212008 .................18 82 0.212007 ...................6 94 0.072006 ...................6 94 0.07


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Slovenia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 42 0.705Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 52 0.698







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


South Africa 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 12 0.753








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................91Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................60Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................48Length of maternity leave.........................................................4 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)..........Up to a maximum

amount of 60% depending on the level of incomeProvider of maternity coverage ......Unemployment Insurance FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................400Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....54








2010 .................51 67 0.762009 .................50 62 0.812008 .................49 82 0.602007 .................49 82 0.602006 .................46 79 0.58


2010 .......................................4.612009 .......................................4.662008 .......................................4.692007 .......................................5.062006 .......................................4.47


2010 ............7,328 12,273 0.602009 ............5,647 12,637 0.452008 ............6,927 15,446 0.452007 ............7,014 15,521 0.452006 ............6,505 14,326 0.45


2010 .................30 70 0.432009 .................34 66 0.512008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................19 81 0.23


2010 .................52 48 1.102009 .................55 45 1.222008 .................47 53 0.892007 .................47 53 0.892006 .................47 53 0.89



2010 .................88 90 0.982009 .................87 89 0.982008 .................87 89 0.982007 .................81 84 0.962006 .................81 84 0.96



2010 .................88 87 1.002009 .................86 86 1.002008 .................88 88 1.002007 .................87 87 1.002006 .................89 88 1.01


2010 .................74 70 1.062009 .................76 71 1.062008 .................66 59 1.112007..................— — —2006 .................65 58 1.12


2010 .................17 14 1.212009 .................17 14 1.242008 .................17 14 1.242007 .................17 14 1.202006 .................17 14 1.17



2010 .................45 56 0.802009 .................45 56 0.802008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................33 67 0.492006 .................33 67 0.49


2010 .................34 66 0.522009 .................45 55 0.812008 .................45 55 0.812007 .................41 59 0.712006 .................41 59 0.71


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


South Africa 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 12 0.753Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 6 0.771







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Spain 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 11 0.755








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................66Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................16 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................4Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....12








2010 .................63 82 0.772009 .................60 82 0.742008 .................58 81 0.722007 .................57 81 0.712006 .................45 68 0.66


2010 .......................................3.622009 .......................................3.452008 .......................................3.202007 .......................................3.602006 .......................................3.13


2010 ..........21,817 40,000 0.552009 ..........20,174 38,280 0.532008 ..........18,335 36,324 0.502007 ..........16,751 33,648 0.502006 ..........13,854 31,322 0.44


2010 .................32 68 0.482009 .................32 68 0.472008 .................32 68 0.462007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................30 70 0.43


2010 .................50 50 0.982009 .................49 51 0.952008 .................48 52 0.922007 .................47 53 0.892006 .................47 53 0.89



2010 .................97 98 0.982009 .................96 99 0.982008 .................96 99 0.982007 .................97 99 0.982006 .................97 99 0.98



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 100 1.002007 .................99 100 0.992006 .................99 100 0.99


2010 .................97 93 1.032009 .................96 93 1.032008 .................96 92 1.032007 .................99 95 1.042006 .................99 95 1.04


2010 .................78 63 1.242009 .................76 62 1.242008 .................74 61 1.232007 .................72 59 1.222006 .................72 59 1.22



2010 .................37 63 0.582009 .................36 64 0.572008 .................36 64 0.572007 .................36 64 0.562006 .................36 64 0.56


2010 .................53 47 1.132009 .................44 56 0.782008 .................44 56 0.782007 .................50 50 1.002006 .................50 50 1.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Spain 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 11 0.755Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 17 0.734







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Sri Lanka 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 16 0.746





Educational Attainment 57 0.993 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................79 0.97 0.86 89 92 0.97Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 100 99 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 — — 1.05Enrolment in tertiary education................................— — 0.86 — — —


Political Empowerment 6 0.410 0.179Women in parliament................................................121 0.06 0.22 5 95 0.06Women in ministerial positions...............................114 0.06 0.18 6 94 0.06Years with female head of state (last 50) ..................1 0.85 0.15 23 27 0.85

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................68Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................13Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)................86% of wages

for workers paid at a time or piece rate; employees covered by the Shop and Offices Employees Act receive 100%

Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................58Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....28








2010 .................38 80 0.472009 .................46 79 0.582008 .................38 81 0.472007 .................39 82 0.472006 .................35 77 0.45


2010 .......................................5.132009 .......................................5.052008 .......................................5.142007 .......................................5.152006 .......................................4.49


2010 ............3,064 5,450 0.562009 ............2,186 5,636 0.392008 ............2,647 6,479 0.412007 ............2,561 6,158 0.422006 ............2,579 5,009 0.51


2010 .................24 76 0.322009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................22 78 0.272007 .................21 79 0.272006 .................21 79 0.27


2010 .................47 53 0.892009 .................46 54 0.842008 .................47 53 0.892007 .................46 54 0.852006 .................46 54 0.85



2010 .................89 92 0.972009 .................89 93 0.962008 .................90 93 0.972007 .................89 92 0.972006 .................89 92 0.97



2010 ...............100 99 1.012009 ...............100 99 1.012008 ...............100 99 1.012007 .................98 99 1.002006 .................98 99 1.00


2010..................— — 1.052009..................— — 1.052008..................— — 1.052007..................— — 1.052006..................— — 1.05


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 ...................5 95 0.062009 ...................6 94 0.062008 ...................6 94 0.062007 ...................5 95 0.052006 ...................5 95 0.05


2010 ...................6 94 0.062009 ...................6 94 0.062008 ...................6 94 0.062007 .................10 90 0.112006 .................10 90 0.11


2010 .................23 27 0.852009 .................23 27 0.862008 .................23 27 0.862007 .................21 29 0.722006 .................21 29 0.72


Sri Lanka 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 16 0.746Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 16 0.740







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Suriname 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 102 0.641




Economic Participation and Opportunity 123 0.449 0.590Labour force participation .......................................103 0.59 0.69 42 72 0.59Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................104 0.44 0.53 4,794 10,825 0.44Legislators, senior officials, and managers............68 0.39 0.27 28 72 0.39Professional and technical workers ......................107 0.30 0.64 23 77 0.30




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health













Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%) ....................................................10Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).....................................................................38






2010 .................42 72 0.592009 .................41 70 0.592008 .................37 70 0.522007 .................37 70 0.522006..................— — —


2010 .....................................—2009 .......................................4.202008 .......................................4.032007 .......................................4.462006 .....................................—


2010 ............4,794 10,825 0.442009 ............4,194 10,322 0.412008 ............4,426 11,029 0.402007..................— — — 2006..................— — —


2010 .................28 72 0.392009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................28 72 0.392007 .................28 72 0.392006..................— — —


2010 .................23 77 0.302009 .................51 49 1.042008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................51 49 1.042006..................— — —



2010 .................88 93 0.952009 .................88 93 0.952008 .................88 93 0.952007 .................87 92 0.952006..................— — —



2010 .................90 91 0.992009 .................95 93 1.022008 .................98 95 1.032007 .................96 93 1.042006..................— — —


2010 .................74 55 1.342009 .................79 57 1.382008 .................79 57 1.382007 .................87 63 1.392006..................— — —


2010 .................16 9 1.712009 .................15 9 1.622008 .................15 9 1.622007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................25 75 0.332009 .................26 75 0.342008 .................26 75 0.342007 .................26 75 0.342006..................— — —


2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................12 88 0.132006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Suriname 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 102 0.641Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 78 0.673







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Sweden 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 4 0.802







Political Empowerment 4 0.471 0.179Women in parliament....................................................1 0.87 0.22 46 54 0.87Women in ministerial positions...................................6 0.82 0.18 45 55 0.82Years with female head of state (last 50) ................44 0.00 0.15 0 50 0.00

Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%)........................................—Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................75Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................2Length of maternity leave .........................................................480 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ....................................80,

up to a ceiling for 390 days; flat rate for remaining 90 daysProvider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................3Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......6








2010 .................77 82 0.942009 .................77 81 0.952008 .................75 79 0.952007 .................75 79 0.952006 .................59 67 0.87


2010 .......................................5.142009 .......................................5.032008 .......................................5.092007 .......................................4.642006 .......................................4.96


2010 ..........29,476 40,000 0.742009 ..........30,976 37,067 0.842008 ..........29,044 36,059 0.812007 ..........26,408 32,724 0.812006 ..........21,842 31,722 0.69


2010 .................32 68 0.482009 .................31 69 0.462008 .................32 68 0.482007 .................31 69 0.452006 .................30 70 0.43


2010 .................51 49 1.022009 .................51 49 1.032008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................51 49 1.042006 .................51 49 1.04



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................94 95 0.992009 .................94 94 1.002008 .................95 95 1.002007 .................98 99 1.002006 .................98 99 1.00


2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 ...............100 97 1.032006 ...............100 97 1.03


2010 .................88 55 1.592009 .................92 59 1.572008 .................96 62 1.552007 ...............102 66 1.552006 ...............102 66 1.55



2010 .................46 54 0.872009 .................47 53 0.892008 .................47 53 0.892007 .................47 53 0.902006 .................47 53 0.90


2010 .................45 55 0.822009 .................48 52 0.912008 .................48 52 0.912007 .................52 48 1.102006 .................52 48 1.10


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Sweden 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 4 0.802Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 4 0.814







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Switzerland 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 10 0.756




Economic Participation and Opportunity 30 0.727 0.590Labour force participation .........................................31 0.88 0.69 76 87 0.88Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................67 0.66 0.65 — — 0.66Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................9 0.79 0.53 31,442 40,000 0.79Legislators, senior officials, and managers............58 0.43 0.27 30 70 0.43Professional and technical workers ........................70 0.91 0.64 48 52 0.91

Educational Attainment 71 0.989 0.929Literacy rate ...................................................................1 1.00 0.86 99 99 1.00Enrolment in primary education................................68 1.00 0.98 94 94 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ........................102 0.96 0.92 83 87 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ................................89 1.00 0.86 49 49 1.00



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................82Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................4Length of maternity leave ........................................................14 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .........80, up to a ceilingProvider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................5Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......4








2010 .................76 87 0.882009 .................75 87 0.862008 .................76 87 0.872007 .................75 88 0.862006 .................60 75 0.80


2010 .......................................4.602009 .......................................4.512008 .......................................4.292007 .......................................4.782006 .......................................4.36


2010 ..........31,442 40,000 0.792009 ..........26,278 40,000 0.662008 ..........25,056 40,000 0.632007 ..........25,314 40,000 0.612006 ..........28,972 32,149 0.90


2010 .................30 70 0.432009 .................30 70 0.432008 .................30 70 0.422007 .................27 73 0.372006 .................28 72 0.39


2010 .................48 52 0.912009 .................46 54 0.872008 .................45 55 0.822007 .................46 54 0.852006 .................45 55 0.82



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................94 94 1.002009 .................89 89 0.992008 .................89 89 0.992007 .................94 94 1.002006 .................94 94 1.00


2010 .................83 87 0.962009 .................80 84 0.962008 .................80 84 0.962007 .................80 86 0.932006 .................80 86 0.93


2010 .................49 49 1.002009 .................45 49 0.932008 .................43 48 0.902007 .................42 52 0.802006 .................42 52 0.80



2010 .................29 71 0.412009 .................29 72 0.402008 .................29 72 0.402007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 .................43 57 0.752009 .................43 57 0.752008 .................43 57 0.752007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................3 48 0.052009 ...................2 48 0.042008 ...................2 48 0.042007 ...................2 49 0.032006 ...................1 49 0.02


Switzerland 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 10 0.756Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 13 0.743







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Syria 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 124 0.593





Educational Attainment 104 0.936 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................104 0.86 0.86 77 90 0.86Enrolment in primary education..............................120 0.95 0.98 92 97 0.95Enrolment in secondary education ..........................91 0.98 0.92 67 68 0.98Enrolment in tertiary education................................— — 0.86 — — —



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................93Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................58Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................14Length of maternity leave ...........................................................50 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................70Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................130Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....75








2010 .................22 82 0.272009 .................22 80 0.272008 .................41 90 0.452007 .................40 89 0.452006..................— — —


2010 .......................................4.452009 .......................................4.782008 .......................................5.062007 .......................................4.592006 .....................................—


2010 ............1,512 7,452 0.202009 ............2,143 6,261 0.342008 ............1,907 5,684 0.342007 ............1,794 5,402 0.332006..................— — —


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................40 60 0.672008 .................40 60 0.672007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................41 59 0.702009 .................15 85 0.172008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................40 60 0.672006..................— — —



2010 .................77 90 0.862009 .................76 89 0.852008 .................76 90 0.852007 .................74 86 0.862006..................— — —



2010 .................92 97 0.952009 .................92 97 0.952008 .................92 97 0.952007..................— — 0.952006..................— — —


2010 .................67 68 0.982009 .................65 67 0.972008 .................61 64 0.952007 .................60 64 0.942006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................12 88 0.142009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................12 88 0.142007 .................12 88 0.142006..................— — —


2010 ...................6 94 0.072009 ...................6 94 0.072008 ...................6 94 0.072007 ...................6 94 0.072006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Syria 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 124 0.593Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 121 0.607







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Tajikistan 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 89 0.660





Educational Attainment 113 0.882 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................51 1.00 0.86 100 100 1.00Enrolment in primary education..............................114 0.96 0.98 95 99 0.96Enrolment in secondary education ........................115 0.88 0.92 77 88 0.88Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................125 0.40 0.86 11 29 0.40



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................83Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................38Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................54Length of maternity leave ........................................140 calendar daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid).....................................—Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................170Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....27








2010 .................60 81 0.752009 .................59 70 0.852008 .................49 66 0.752007 .................50 66 0.752006..................— — —


2010 .......................................5.082009 .......................................5.332008 .......................................5.112007 .......................................5.482006 .....................................—


2010 ............1,385 2,126 0.652009 ............1,182 2,041 0.582008 ...............992 1,725 0.582007 ...............876 1,530 0.572006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 .................99 100 1.002006..................— — —



2010 .................95 99 0.962009 .................95 99 0.962008 .................95 99 0.962007 .................96 99 0.962006..................— — —


2010 .................77 88 0.882009 .................75 87 0.862008 .................74 87 0.842007 .................73 86 0.852006..................— — —


2010 .................11 29 0.402009 .................11 29 0.382008 .................10 27 0.372007 ...................9 26 0.352006..................— — —



2010 .................20 80 0.252009 .................18 83 0.212008 .................18 83 0.212007 .................18 83 0.212006..................— — —


2010 ...................6 94 0.062009 ...................6 94 0.062008 ...................6 94 0.062007 ...................3 97 0.032006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Tajikistan 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 89 0.660Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 86 0.666







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Tanzania 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 66 0.683




Economic Participation and Opportunity 57 0.671 0.590Labour force participation ...........................................3 0.97 0.69 89 91 0.97Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................55 0.68 0.65 — — 0.68Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................16 0.74 0.53 1,025 1,394 0.74Legislators, senior officials, and managers............91 0.20 0.27 16 83 0.20Professional and technical workers ........................90 0.61 0.64 38 62 0.61

Educational Attainment 114 0.872 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................107 0.84 0.86 66 79 0.84Enrolment in primary education................................73 1.00 0.98 99 100 1.00Enrolment in secondary education ........................118 0.86 0.92 24 28 0.86Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................120 0.48 0.86 1 2 0.48



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................46Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................26Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................67Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage .........National Social Security FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................950Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...139








2010 .................89 91 0.972009 .................89 91 0.982008 .................88 91 0.972007 .................88 91 0.972006 .................86 90 0.95


2010 .......................................4.762009 .......................................5.042008 .......................................5.292007 .......................................5.072006 .......................................5.92


2010 ............1,025 1,394 0.742009 ...............947 1,307 0.722008 ...............627 863 0.732007 ...............569 781 0.732006 ...............516 725 0.71


2010 .................16 83 0.202009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................49 51 0.962007 .................49 51 0.962006 .................49 51 0.96


2010 .................38 62 0.612009 .................38 62 0.612008 .................32 68 0.472007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................32 68 0.47



2010 .................66 79 0.842009 .................65 79 0.832008 .................66 79 0.832007 .................62 78 0.802006 .................62 78 0.80



2010 .................99 100 1.002009 .................97 98 0.992008 .................97 98 0.992007 .................91 92 0.982006 .................91 87 1.04


2010 .................24 28 0.862009 .................24 28 0.872008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 ...................1 2 0.482009 ...................1 2 0.482008 ...................1 2 0.482007 ...................1 2 0.482006 ...................1 2 0.41



2010 .................31 69 0.442009 .................30 70 0.442008 .................30 70 0.442007 .................30 70 0.442006 .................30 70 0.44


2010 .................27 73 0.372009 .................21 79 0.262008 .................21 79 0.262007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Tanzania 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 66 0.683Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 73 0.680







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Thailand 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 57 0.691




Economic Participation and Opportunity 36 0.716 0.590Labour force participation .........................................51 0.83 0.69 70 85 0.83Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................9 0.79 0.65 — — 0.79Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................53 0.63 0.53 6,341 10,018 0.63Legislators, senior officials, and managers............79 0.31 0.27 24 76 0.31Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 56 44 1.25




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................97Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................81Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................13Length of maternity leave ...........................................................90 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .............Employer for 45

days at 100%; social insurance for remaining 45 days at 50%; social insurance also pays a lump sum on the birth of the child

Provider of maternity coverage ......................................Employer and social insurance system









2010 .................70 85 0.832009 .................70 85 0.822008 .................72 85 0.852007 .................71 85 0.842006 .................66 81 0.81


2010 .......................................5.502009 .......................................5.332008 .......................................5.392007 .......................................5.572006 .......................................5.70


2010 ............6,341 10,018 0.632009 ............5,860 9,443 0.622008 ............6,695 10,732 0.622007 ............6,036 10,214 0.592006 ............5,784 9,452 0.61


2010 .................24 76 0.312009 .................30 70 0.422008 .................29 71 0.412007 .................28 72 0.392006 .................26 74 0.35


2010 .................56 44 1.252009 .................53 47 1.152008 .................55 45 1.222007 .................53 47 1.132006 .................52 48 1.08



2010 .................92 96 0.962009 .................92 96 0.962008 .................93 96 0.972007 .................91 95 0.952006 .................91 95 0.95



2010 .................89 91 0.992009 .................96 95 1.012008 .................94 94 0.992007..................— — 0.962006..................— — 0.96


2010 .................77 68 1.132009 .................85 77 1.112008 .................75 68 1.112007..................— — 1.002006..................— — 1.00


2010 .................49 40 1.242009 .................53 44 1.212008 .................47 44 1.072007 .................45 41 1.112006 .................45 38 1.20



2010 .................13 87 0.152009 .................12 88 0.132008 .................12 88 0.132007 ...................9 91 0.102006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 .................13 88 0.142009 .................10 90 0.112008 .................10 90 0.112007 ...................8 92 0.082006 ...................8 92 0.08


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Thailand 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 57 0.691Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 59 0.691







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Trinidad and Tobago 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 21 0.735








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................98Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................43Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................31Length of maternity leave ........................................................13 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .........100% for 1 month,

50% for 2 months (employer) and a sum depending on the earnings (social security); when the total is less than full pay,

the employer pays the differenceProvider of maternity coverage ......................................Employer and

National Insurance BoardMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................45Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....35








2010 .................61 83 0.732009 .................60 82 0.732008 .................52 83 0.632007 .................51 83 0.622006 .................47 76 0.61


2010 .......................................4.732009 .......................................4.672008 .......................................4.592007 .......................................4.532006 .......................................4.04


2010 ..........16,686 30,554 0.552009 ..........13,840 29,699 0.472008 ............9,307 20,053 0.462007 ............7,766 16,711 0.462006 ............6,792 14,807 0.46


2010 .................43 57 0.772009 .................43 57 0.772008 .................43 57 0.772007 .................38 62 0.612006 .................38 62 0.61


2010 .................53 47 1.142009 .................53 47 1.132008 .................53 47 1.132007 .................54 46 1.172006 .................54 46 1.17



2010 .................98 99 0.992009 .................98 99 0.992008 .................98 99 0.992007 .................98 99 0.992006 .................98 99 0.99



2010 .................91 92 0.992009 .................93 94 0.992008 .................85 85 1.002007 .................94 95 1.002006 .................92 92 0.99


2010 .................76 71 1.072009 .................76 71 1.072008 .................66 64 1.042007 .................77 73 1.062006 .................74 70 1.05


2010 .................13 10 1.282009 .................13 10 1.282008 .................13 10 1.282007 .................14 11 1.272006 .................13 11 1.26



2010 .................29 71 0.402009 .................27 73 0.372008 .................27 73 0.372007 .................19 81 0.242006 .................19 81 0.24


2010 .................34 66 0.532009 .................36 64 0.572008 .................36 64 0.572007 .................18 82 0.222006 .................18 82 0.22


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Trinidad and Tobago 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 21 0.735Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 19 0.730







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Tunisia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 107 0.627




Economic Participation and Opportunity 122 0.450 0.590Labour force participation .......................................124 0.38 0.69 28 74 0.38Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...................8 0.79 0.65 — — 0.79Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................123 0.28 0.53 3,249 11,731 0.28Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........114 0.10 0.27 9 91 0.10Professional and technical workers........................— — 0.64 — — —

Educational Attainment 94 0.966 0.929Literacy rate ...............................................................110 0.82 0.86 71 86 0.82Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 98 97 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ............................1 1.00 0.92 76 67 1.13Enrolment in tertiary education ..................................1 1.00 0.86 40 27 1.49



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................90Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................60Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................18Length of maternity leave ....................................................1–2 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)...........Social insurance

benefits paid to private-sector employees for 30 days at a rate of 67% of average daily wage; 100% for civil servants

Provider of maternity coverage .........National Social Security FundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................100Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .......6








2010 .................28 74 0.382009 .................28 74 0.382008 .................32 78 0.412007 .................31 78 0.402006 .................29 75 0.38


2010 .......................................5.532009 .......................................5.472008 .......................................5.832007 .......................................5.902006 .......................................5.65


2010 ............3,249 11,731 0.282009 ............3,177 10,663 0.302008 ............3,748 12,924 0.292007 ............3,421 12,046 0.282006 ............3,840 10,420 0.37


2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................71 86 0.822009 .................68 86 0.792008 .................69 86 0.802007 .................65 83 0.782006 .................65 83 0.78



2010 .................98 97 1.012009 .................95 95 1.012008 .................97 96 1.012007 .................98 97 1.002006 .................98 97 1.00


2010 .................76 67 1.132009 .................68 61 1.102008 .................68 61 1.102007..................— — 1.042006 .................69 66 1.04


2010 .................40 27 1.492009 .................37 25 1.512008 .................37 26 1.422007 .................33 24 1.362006 .................33 24 1.36



2010 .................28 72 0.382009 .................23 77 0.302008 .................23 77 0.302007 .................23 77 0.302006 .................23 77 0.30


2010 ...................4 96 0.042009 ...................7 93 0.082008 ...................7 93 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................7 93 0.08


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Tunisia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 107 0.627Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 109 0.623







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Turkey 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 126 0.588




Economic Participation and Opportunity 131 0.386 0.590Labour force participation .......................................125 0.35 0.69 26 74 0.35Wage equality for similar work (survey) ...............105 0.57 0.65 — — 0.57Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................125 0.26 0.53 5,352 20,441 0.26Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........110 0.11 0.27 10 90 0.11Professional and technical workers ........................94 0.54 0.64 35 65 0.54




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health












12 weeks coverageProvider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................44Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....51

Education and TrainingFemale teachers, primary education (%) ..........................................—Female teachers, secondary education (%).....................................—Female teachers, tertiary education (%) ...........................................40







2010 .................26 74 0.352009 .................26 74 0.352008 .................29 80 0.362007 .................29 80 0.362006 .................28 77 0.36


2010 .......................................3.982009 .......................................4.342008 .......................................4.292007 .......................................4.882006 .......................................4.50


2010 ............5,352 20,441 0.262009 ............4,959 17,988 0.282008 ............4,385 12,368 0.352007 ............4,038 11,408 0.352006 ............4,276 9,286 0.46


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.122008 ...................8 92 0.082007 ...................7 93 0.082006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 .................35 65 0.542009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................33 67 0.492007 .................31 69 0.452006 .................30 70 0.43



2010 .................81 96 0.842009 .................80 96 0.842008 .................81 96 0.842007 .................80 95 0.842006 .................98 98 1.00



2010 .................94 96 0.982009 .................91 94 0.972008 .................89 93 0.962007 .................87 92 0.952006 .................87 92 0.95


2010 .................70 77 0.912009 .................64 75 0.862008 .................64 74 0.862007..................— — 0.752006..................— — 0.75


2010 .................34 43 0.782009 .................31 41 0.762008 .................30 39 0.752007 .................24 34 0.732006 .................24 34 0.73



2010 ...................9 91 0.102009 ...................9 91 0.102008 ...................9 91 0.102007 ...................4 96 0.052006 ...................4 96 0.05


2010 ...................8 92 0.082009 ...................4 96 0.042008 ...................4 96 0.042007 ...................4 96 0.042006 ...................4 96 0.04


2010 ...................3 47 0.062009 ...................3 47 0.062008 ...................3 47 0.062007 ...................3 47 0.062006 ...................3 47 0.06


Turkey 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 126 0.588Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 129 0.583







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Uganda 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 33 0.717




Economic Participation and Opportunity 42 0.707 0.590Labour force participation .........................................25 0.88 0.69 80 91 0.88Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................12 0.78 0.65 — — 0.78Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................31 0.69 0.53 861 1,256 0.69Legislators, senior officials, and managers............38 0.50 0.27 33 67 0.50Professional and technical workers ........................95 0.54 0.64 35 65 0.54




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................42Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................24Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................84Length of maternity leave............................................60 working daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................550Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...159








2010 .................80 91 0.882009 .................84 91 0.922008 .................82 87 0.942007 .................81 87 0.932006 .................80 86 0.92


2010 .......................................5.442009 .......................................5.572008 .......................................5.522007 .......................................5.202006 .......................................5.40


2010 ...............861 1,256 0.692009 ...............735 1,042 0.712008 ............1,199 1,708 0.702007 ............1,216 1,741 0.702006 ............1,169 1,751 0.67


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................33 67 0.502008 .................14 86 0.162007 .................14 86 0.162006 .................14 86 0.16


2010 .................35 65 0.542009 .................35 65 0.542008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —



2010 .................67 82 0.812009 .................64 81 0.792008 .................66 82 0.802007 .................58 77 0.752006 .................58 77 0.75



2010 .................98 96 1.032009 .................96 93 1.032008..................— — 0.992007..................— — 0.992006..................— — 0.99


2010 .................21 22 0.922009 .................18 20 0.902008 .................14 16 0.902007 .................12 14 0.872006 .................13 16 0.81


2010 ...................3 4 0.802009 ...................3 4 0.622008 ...................3 4 0.622007 ...................3 4 0.622006 ...................3 4 0.62



2010 .................31 69 0.462009 .................31 69 0.442008 .................31 69 0.442007 .................30 70 0.422006 .................30 70 0.42


2010 .................32 68 0.472009 .................28 72 0.392008 .................28 72 0.392007 .................23 77 0.312006 .................23 77 0.31


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Uganda 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 33 0.717Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 40 0.707







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Ukraine 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 63 0.687

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................46.26Population growth (%)...........................................................................–0.54GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................53.47GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................3,899







Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................67Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................14Length of maternity leave .........................................................126 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage....................................Social securityMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................18Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....30








2010 .................62 72 0.862009 .................64 72 0.882008 .................63 73 0.862007 .................63 72 0.872006 .................50 63 0.78


2010 .......................................4.302009 .......................................4.492008 .......................................4.692007 .......................................4.172006 .......................................4.54


2010 ............5,249 8,854 0.592009 ............4,648 8,045 0.582008 ............4,970 9,067 0.552007 ............4,535 8,583 0.532006 ............3,891 7,329 0.53


2010 .................39 61 0.632009 .................39 61 0.652008 .................38 62 0.622007 .................43 57 0.752006 .................39 61 0.64


2010 .................64 36 1.772009 .................64 36 1.802008 .................64 36 1.782007 .................60 40 1.502006 .................63 37 1.70



2010 ...............100 100 1.002009 .................99 99 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007 .................99 100 0.992006 .................99 100 0.99



2010 .................89 89 1.002009 .................89 89 1.002008 .................90 90 1.002007 .................83 83 1.002006 .................82 82 1.00


2010 .................85 84 1.012009 .................85 84 1.012008 .................84 83 1.012007 .................77 82 0.942006 .................84 83 1.00


2010 .................88 71 1.252009 .................85 68 1.242008 .................81 65 1.232007 .................75 63 1.202006 .................71 60 1.19



2010 ...................8 92 0.092009 ...................8 92 0.092008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................9 91 0.102006 ...................9 91 0.10


2010 ...................4 96 0.052009 ...................4 96 0.052008 ...................4 96 0.052007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................3 47 0.062009 ...................2 48 0.052008 ...................1 49 0.032007 ...................1 49 0.012006 ...................1 49 0.01


Ukraine 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 63 0.687Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 61 0.690







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


United Arab Emirates 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 103 0.640








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ......................................100Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................28Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................7Length of maternity leave ...........................................................45 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid)................................100%

after one continuous year of employment, 50% for employment less than one year

Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................37Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....23








2010 .................43 93 0.462009 .................41 93 0.442008 .................41 93 0.442007 .................39 92 0.422006 .................38 91 0.42


2010 .......................................4.912009 .......................................5.022008 .......................................5.062007 .......................................5.202006 .......................................4.96


2010 ..........18,361 40,000 0.462009 ..........10,177 40,000 0.252008 ............8,329 33,555 0.252007 ............7,630 31,788 0.242006..................— — 0.21


2010 .................10 90 0.112009 .................10 90 0.112008 ...................8 92 0.082007 ...................8 92 0.092006 ...................8 92 0.09


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................25 75 0.332007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33



2010 .................91 89 1.022009 .................89 90 0.982008 .................89 91 0.982007 .................82 76 1.072006 .................81 76 1.07



2010 .................91 92 0.992009 .................90 91 0.992008 .................88 88 1.002007 .................70 71 0.972006 .................70 72 0.97


2010 .................85 83 1.022009 .................84 81 1.032008 .................80 78 1.022007 .................59 56 1.062006 .................64 61 1.06


2010 .................36 17 2.052009 .................35 15 2.322008 .................37 13 2.812007..................— — —2006 .................39 12 3.24



2010 .................23 78 0.292009 .................23 78 0.292008 .................23 78 0.292007 .................23 78 0.292006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 .................17 83 0.202009 ...................8 92 0.092008 ...................8 92 0.092007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


United Arab Emirates 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 103 0.640Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 112 0.620







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


United Kingdom 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 15 0.746








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................82Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................5Length of maternity leave ........................................................52 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ......Statutory maternity

leave is paid for a continuous period of up to 39 weeks; 90% for the first 6 weeks and a flat rate for the remaining weeks;from April 2010, paid maternity leave will increases to 52 weeks

Provider of maternity coverage..............................................Employer (92% refunded by public funds)

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)................................8Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....26








2010 .................69 82 0.842009 .................70 83 0.852008 .................70 82 0.852007 .................69 82 0.852006 .................55 69 0.80


2010 .......................................4.692009 .......................................4.482008 .......................................4.332007 .......................................4.652006 .......................................4.43


2010 ..........28,421 40,000 0.712009 ..........26,863 38,596 0.702008 ..........26,242 40,000 0.662007 ..........24,448 37,506 0.652006 ..........20,790 33,713 0.62


2010 .................35 65 0.532009 .................34 66 0.512008 .................34 66 0.532007 .................33 67 0.492006 .................33 67 0.49


2010 .................47 53 0.902009 .................47 53 0.902008 .................47 53 0.892007 .................46 54 0.852006 .................45 55 0.82



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 ...............100 99 1.002009 .................98 97 1.012008 .................99 98 1.012007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00


2010 .................95 92 1.032009 .................93 90 1.042008 .................94 90 1.042007 .................97 93 1.032006 .................97 93 1.03


2010 .................67 48 1.402009 .................69 49 1.402008 .................69 50 1.402007 .................70 51 1.372006 .................70 51 1.37



2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................20 81 0.242008 .................20 81 0.242007 .................20 80 0.252006 .................20 80 0.25


2010 .................23 77 0.292009 .................23 77 0.292008 .................23 77 0.292007 .................29 71 0.402006 .................29 71 0.40


2010 .................12 38 0.302009 .................12 39 0.302008 .................12 39 0.302007 .................12 39 0.302006 .................12 39 0.30


United Kingdom 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 15 0.746Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 15 0.740







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


United States 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 19 0.741

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) ...................................................................304.06Population growth (%) .............................................................................0.92GDP (US$ billions)............................................................................11,513.87GDP (PPP) per capita...........................................................................46,350



Economic Participation and Opportunity 6 0.799 0.590Labour force participation .........................................43 0.85 0.69 68 80 0.85Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................64 0.66 0.65 — — 0.66Estimated earned income (PPP US$).........................5 0.87 0.53 34,996 40,000 0.87Legislators, senior officials, and managers............11 0.74 0.27 43 57 0.74Professional and technical workers ..........................1 1.00 0.64 57 43 1.31




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................73Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)...........................................7Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....There is no national

program; cash benefits may be provided at the state levelProvider of maternity coverage ..........................................................—Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................11Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....41








2010 .................68 80 0.852009 .................69 81 0.852008 .................70 81 0.862007 .................70 82 0.862006 .................60 73 0.82


2010 .......................................4.622009 .......................................4.682008 .......................................4.832007 .......................................4.542006 .......................................4.77


2010 ..........34,996 40,000 0.872009 ..........25,613 40,000 0.642008 ..........25,005 40,000 0.632007 ..........30,581 40,000 0.622006 ..........29,017 40,000 0.62


2010 .................43 57 0.742009 .................43 57 0.742008 .................42 58 0.722007 .................42 58 0.722006 .................46 54 0.85


2010 .................57 43 1.312009 .................56 44 1.292008 .................57 43 1.332007 .................55 45 1.222006 .................55 45 1.22



2010 .................99 99 1.002009 ...............100 100 1.002008 .................99 99 1.002007 .................99 99 1.002006 .................99 99 1.00



2010 .................93 91 1.012009 .................93 92 1.012008 .................93 91 1.022007 .................90 94 0.962006 .................90 94 0.96


2010 .................89 88 1.012009 .................89 87 1.022008 .................88 88 1.002007 .................91 88 1.032006 .................91 89 1.02


2010 .................97 69 1.402009 .................96 68 1.412008 .................96 68 1.412007 .................96 69 1.392006 .................96 69 1.39



2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................16 84 0.192006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 .................33 67 0.502009 .................24 76 0.312008 .................24 76 0.312007 .................14 86 0.172006 .................14 86 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


United States 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 19 0.741Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 31 0.717







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Uruguay 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 59 0.690








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................99Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................77Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................14Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .........................100% for

private-sector employees; special system for civil servantsProvider of maternity coverage......................Social security systemMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................20Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....63








2010 .................65 85 0.772009 .................64 85 0.762008 .................67 86 0.782007 .................66 86 0.772006 .................56 78 0.72


2010 .......................................3.622009 .......................................3.492008 .......................................3.282007 .......................................3.562006 .......................................3.36


2010 ............7,994 14,668 0.542009 ............7,456 13,097 0.572008 ............7,203 12,890 0.562007 ............6,764 12,240 0.552006 ............5,763 10,950 0.53


2010 .................40 60 0.682009 .................40 60 0.682008 .................40 60 0.652007 .................35 65 0.542006 .................35 65 0.54


2010 .................53 47 1.132009 .................53 47 1.132008 .................53 47 1.132007 .................53 47 1.132006 .................53 47 1.13



2010 .................98 98 1.012009 .................98 97 1.012008 .................98 98 1.012007 .................98 98 1.012006 .................98 97 1.01



2010 .................98 97 1.002009 .................97 97 1.002008 ...............100 100 1.002007..................— — 0.982006..................— — 0.98


2010 .................71 64 1.112009 .................71 64 1.112008..................— — 1.132007..................— — 1.132006..................— — 1.13


2010 .................82 47 1.752009 .................82 47 1.752008 .................58 35 1.682007..................— — 2.042006 .................53 26 2.04



2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................12 88 0.142008 .................12 88 0.142007 .................11 89 0.122006 .................11 89 0.12


2010 .................21 79 0.272009 .................29 71 0.402008 .................29 71 0.402007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Uruguay 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 59 0.690Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 57 0.694







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Venezuela 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 64 0.686








Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................95Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................70Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................16Length of maternity leave ........................................................18 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) .....................................67Provider of maternity coverage ................................Social insuranceMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)..............................57Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....91








2010 .................55 83 0.662009 .................55 84 0.652008 .................64 86 0.742007 .................62 86 0.722006 .................57 83 0.69


2010 .......................................4.262009 .......................................4.382008 .......................................4.382007 .......................................4.472006 .......................................4.37


2010 ............7,924 16,344 0.482009 ............7,781 14,397 0.542008 ............4,560 8,683 0.532007 ............4,083 7,982 0.512006 ............2,890 6,929 0.42


2010 .................31 69 0.442009 .................27 73 0.372008 .................27 73 0.372007 .................27 73 0.372006 .................27 73 0.37


2010 .................64 36 1.812009 .................61 39 1.562008 .................61 39 1.562007 .................61 39 1.562006 .................61 39 1.56



2010 .................95 95 1.002009 .................93 93 0.992008 .................93 93 0.992007 .................93 93 0.992006 .................87 94 0.93



2010 .................90 90 1.002009 .................90 90 1.002008 .................91 91 1.002007 .................92 91 1.012006 .................92 92 1.01


2010 .................74 66 1.122009 .................74 66 1.122008 .................71 62 1.142007 .................67 59 1.152006 .................66 57 1.15


2010 .................99 59 1.692009 .................41 38 1.082008 .................41 38 1.082007..................— — 1.082006 .................41 38 1.08



2010 .................17 83 0.212009 .................19 81 0.232008 .................19 81 0.232007 .................19 81 0.232006 .................18 82 0.22


2010 .................26 74 0.352009 .................21 79 0.272008 .................21 79 0.272007 .................14 86 0.162006 .................14 86 0.16


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Venezuela 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 64 0.686Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 69 0.684







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Vietnam 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 72 0.678





Educational Attainment 106 0.924 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................86 0.95 0.86 90 95 0.95Enrolment in primary education..............................119 0.95 0.98 91 96 0.95Enrolment in secondary education ........................101 0.96 0.92 68 71 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................105 0.73 0.86 8 11 0.73



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................88Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................79Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................12Length of maternity leave ....................................................4–6 monthsMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage .......................Social insurance fundMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................150Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....35








2010 .................74 81 0.922009 .................75 81 0.922008 .................77 82 0.942007 .................77 82 0.942006..................— — —


2010 .......................................5.002009 .......................................5.212008 .......................................5.032007 .......................................5.362006 .....................................—


2010 ............2,131 3,069 0.692009 ............1,962 2,761 0.712008 ............2,540 3,604 0.702007 ............2,271 3,220 0.712006..................— — —


2010 .................22 78 0.282009 .................22 78 0.282008 .................22 78 0.282007 .................22 78 0.282006..................— — —


2010 .................51 49 1.052009 .................51 49 1.052008 .................51 49 1.042007 .................51 49 1.052006..................— — —



2010 .................90 95 0.952009 .................87 94 0.932008 .................87 94 0.932007 .................87 94 0.932006..................— — —



2010 .................91 96 0.952009..................— — —2008..................— — —2007..................— — —2006..................— — —


2010 .................68 71 0.962009 .................68 71 0.962008 .................68 71 0.962007 .................68 71 0.962006..................— — —


2010 ...................8 11 0.732009 ...................8 11 0.742008 ...................8 11 0.722007 .................13 19 0.712006..................— — —



2010 .................26 74 0.352009 .................26 74 0.352008 .................26 74 0.352007 .................27 73 0.382006..................— — —


2010 ...................4 96 0.042009 ...................4 96 0.042008 ...................4 96 0.042007 .................12 89 0.132006..................— — —


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006..................— — —


Vietnam 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 72 0.678Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 71 0.680







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Yemen 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 134 0.460




Economic Participation and Opportunity 134 0.195 0.590Labour force participation .......................................131 0.28 0.69 21 74 0.28Wage equality for similar work (survey).................— — 0.65 — — —Estimated earned income (PPP US$).....................126 0.25 0.53 921 3,715 0.25Legislators, senior officials, and managers..........125 0.02 0.27 2 98 0.02Professional and technical workers ......................115 0.18 0.64 15 85 0.18




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................36Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................28Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................53Length of maternity leave ...........................................................60 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................430Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) .....80


Employment and EarningsFemale adult unemployment rate (%) ................................................—Male adult unemployment rate (%) ....................................................13Women in non-agricultural paid labour (% of total labour force).......................................................................6






2010 .................21 74 0.282009 .................23 67 0.342008 .................31 77 0.402007 .................31 78 0.402006 .................30 75 0.39


2010 .....................................—2009 .....................................—2008 .....................................—2007 .....................................—2006 .....................................—


2010 ...............921 3,715 0.252009 ............1,038 3,454 0.302008 ...............424 1,422 0.302007 ...............397 1,346 0.302006 ...............413 1,349 0.31


2010 ...................2 98 0.022009 ...................4 96 0.042008 ...................4 96 0.052007 ...................4 96 0.042006 ...................4 96 0.04


2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18



2010 .................43 79 0.542009 .................39 76 0.512008 .................40 77 0.532007 .................30 71 0.432006..................— — —



2010 .................66 79 0.832009 .................65 85 0.762008 .................65 85 0.762007 .................63 87 0.732006 .................63 87 0.73


2010 .................26 49 0.532009 .................26 48 0.532008 .................26 48 0.532007..................— — 0.462006 .................21 46 0.46


2010 ...................6 14 0.422009 ...................5 14 0.372008 ...................5 14 0.372007 ...................5 14 0.382006 ...................5 14 0.38



2010 ...................0 100 0.002009 ...................0 100 0.002008 ...................0 100 0.002007 ...................0 100 0.002006 ...................0 100 0.00


2010 ...................6 94 0.062009 ...................6 94 0.062008 ...................6 94 0.062007 ...................3 97 0.032006 ...................3 97 0.03


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Yemen 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 134 0.460Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 134 0.461







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Zambia 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 106 0.629

Key IndicatorsTotal population (millions) .....................................................................12.62Population growth (%) .............................................................................2.46GDP (US$ billions).....................................................................................4.89GDP (PPP) per capita.............................................................................1,134



Economic Participation and Opportunity 88 0.601 0.590Labour force participation .........................................72 0.76 0.69 60 79 0.76Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................16 0.76 0.65 — — 0.76Estimated earned income (PPP US$).......................76 0.56 0.53 980 1,740 0.56Legislators, senior officials, and managers............88 0.23 0.27 19 81 0.23Professional and technical workers ......................102 0.46 0.64 31 69 0.46




Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................47Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................41Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................92Length of maternity leave ........................................................12 weeksMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................830Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...146








2010 .................60 79 0.762009 .................60 81 0.752008 .................68 92 0.742007 .................68 92 0.752006 .................66 91 0.73


2010 .......................................5.342009 .......................................5.312008 .......................................5.242007 .......................................5.292006 .......................................6.03


2010 ...............980 1,740 0.562009 ...............897 1,650 0.542008 ...............725 1,319 0.552007 ...............670 1,216 0.552006 ...............629 1,130 0.56


2010 .................19 81 0.232009 .................19 81 0.232008 ...................6 94 0.062007 ...................6 94 0.062006 ...................6 94 0.06


2010 .................31 69 0.462009 .................31 69 0.452008 .................32 68 0.472007 .................32 68 0.472006 .................32 68 0.47



2010 .................61 81 0.762009 .................60 76 0.782008 .................60 76 0.782007 .................60 76 0.782006 .................60 76 0.78



2010 .................96 95 1.012009 .................94 94 1.012008 .................94 90 1.032007 .................89 89 1.002006 .................80 80 1.00


2010 .................39 47 0.822009 .................38 44 0.872008 .................25 31 0.802007 .................23 29 0.802006 .................21 27 0.78


2010 ...................2 3 0.462009 ...................1 3 0.462008..................— — 0.462007..................— — 0.462006 ...................1 3 0.46



2010 .................14 86 0.162009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.172006 .................15 85 0.17


2010 .................17 83 0.202009 .................17 83 0.202008 .................17 83 0.202007 .................25 75 0.332006 .................25 75 0.33


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Zambia 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 106 0.629Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 107 0.631







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Zimbabwe 2010Gender Gap Index 2010 92 0.657




Economic Participation and Opportunity 67 0.640 0.590Labour force participation .........................................54 0.81 0.69 61 75 0.81Wage equality for similar work (survey) .................28 0.74 0.65 — — 0.74Estimated earned income (PPP US$) ......................— — 0.53 — — —Legislators, senior officials, and managers............94 0.18 0.27 15 85 0.18Professional and technical workers ........................89 0.67 0.64 40 60 0.67

Educational Attainment 105 0.933 0.929Literacy rate .................................................................87 0.94 0.86 89 94 0.94Enrolment in primary education..................................1 1.00 0.98 91 89 1.01Enrolment in secondary education ........................103 0.96 0.92 37 39 0.96Enrolment in tertiary education ..............................111 0.62 0.86 3 5 0.62



Additional Data




0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00Economy

Education

Politics

Health











Maternity and ChildbearingBirths attended by skilled health staff (%) ........................................69Contraceptive prevalence, married women (%)...............................60Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).........................................62Length of maternity leave ...........................................................98 daysMaternity leave benefits (% of wages paid) ...................................100Provider of maternity coverage..............................................EmployerMaternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)............................880Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15–19) ...101








2010 .................61 75 0.812009 .................61 81 0.762008 .................65 86 0.752007 .................65 85 0.762006 .................64 84 0.76


2010 .......................................5.192009 .......................................5.042008 .......................................5.112007 .......................................4.922006 .......................................4.94


2010..................— — —2009..................— — —2008 ............1,499 2,585 0.582007 ............1,527 2,613 0.582006 ............1,751 3,042 0.58


2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................15 85 0.182007 .................15 85 0.182006 .................15 85 0.18


2010 .................40 60 0.672009 .................40 60 0.672008 .................40 60 0.672007 .................40 60 0.672006 .................40 60 0.67



2010 .................89 94 0.942009 .................88 94 0.932008 .................88 94 0.942007 .................87 94 0.932006 .................86 94 0.92



2010 .................91 89 1.012009 .................88 87 1.012008 .................88 87 1.012007 .................82 81 1.012006 .................82 81 1.01


2010 .................37 39 0.962009 .................36 38 0.962008 .................36 38 0.962007 .................33 35 0.932006 .................33 36 0.91


2010 ...................3 5 0.622009 ...................3 4 0.632008 ...................3 4 0.632007..................— — 0.632006 ...................3 5 0.63



2010 .................15 85 0.182009 .................15 85 0.182008 .................14 87 0.162007 .................17 83 0.202006 .................16 84 0.19


2010 .................19 81 0.232009 .................16 84 0.192008 .................16 84 0.192007 .................15 85 0.172006 .................15 85 0.17


2010 ...................0 50 0.002009 ...................0 50 0.002008 ...................0 50 0.002007 ...................0 50 0.002006 ...................0 50 0.00


Zimbabwe 2006–2010Gender Gap Index 2010 (out of 134 countries) 92 0.657Gender Gap Index 2009 (out of 134 countries) 95 0.652







0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Politics

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000


Global Gender Gap Report 2010 About the Authors 321

Ricardo Hausmann is Director of Harvard’s Center forInternational Development and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the John F. Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served as the first ChiefEconomist of the Inter-American Development Bank(1994–2000), where he created the Research Department.He has served as Minister of Planning of Venezuela(1992–93) and as a member of the Board of the CentralBank of Venezuela. He also served as Chair of theIMF–World Bank Development Committee. He wasProfessor of Economics at the Instituto de EstudiosSuperiores de Administracion (IESA) (1985–91) in Caracas,where he founded the Center for Public Policy. He holds a PhD in Economics from Cornell University. ProfessorHausmann’s research interests include issues of growth,macroeconomic stability, international finance and the socialdimensions of development. He did pioneering work on thecauses of macroeconomic volatility in developing countriesand studied its effects on growth, poverty and inequality. Healso studied the role of budgetary and political institutions inachieving fiscal balance and the role of foreign currencydebts in causing economic crises. Professor Hausmann hasmade important contributions to the study of the “resourcecurse”. More recently, his growth diagnostics methodology,designed to identify the binding constraints to growth incountries, has been adopted widely by multilateral organiza-tions, and his breakthrough research on the patterns ofchange in productive structures is informing countries’industrial policies around the world. Professor Hausmanndeveloped the methodology of the World Economic ForumGlobal Gender Gap index, which looks into areas of health,education, economic participation and political power; he isalso the co-author of the annual Global Gender Gap Report.

Laura D’Andrea Tyson is the S.K. and Angela Chan Professor ofGlobal Management at the Haas School of Business at theUniversity of California Berkeley. She served as Dean of theLondon Business School from 2002 to 2006, and as Dean ofthe Haas School of Business, University of California atBerkeley, from 1998 to 2001. Dr. Tyson is a member ofPresident Obama’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board. Sheserved in the Clinton Administration and was the Chair ofThe Council of Economic Advisers (1993–95) and thePresident’s National Economic Adviser (1995–96). She is aSenior Advisor at the McKinsey Global Institute, CreditSuisse Research Institute, and The Rock Creek Group. Sheis a Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress anda member of the MIT Corporation and National AcademiesBoard on Science, Technology and Economic Policy. Dr.Tyson is on the Advisory Council of the Brookings InstitutionHamilton Project and is an Advisory Board member ofNewman’s Own, Generation Investment Management andH&Q Asia Pacific. She is also a Special Advisor to theBerkeley Research Group and a member of the Committeeon Capital Markets Regulation and the National AcademiesCommittee on Research Universities. Dr. Tyson serves as amember of the Boards of Directors of Eastman KodakCompany, Morgan Stanley, AT&T, Silver Spring Networks,CB Richard Ellis, the Peter G. Peterson Institute ofInternational Economics and the New America Foundation.She has written books and articles on industrial competitive-ness and trade. She has also written opinion columns formany publications, including BusinessWeek, The New YorkTimes and the Financial Times and she has made numeroustelevision appearances on economic issues.

Saadia Zahidi is Director of Constituent Communities and Headof the Women Leaders and Gender Parity Programme at the World Economic Forum. Her responsibilities includethe engagement of women leaders, gender parity groups, religious leaders, NGOs and labour leaders. The WomenLeaders and Gender Parity Programme aims to create aware-ness and catalyze change by benchmarking the global gendergap, promoting dialogue and engaging leaders—women andmen—to address the challenges and opportunities involvedin narrowing gender gaps. Zahidi instigated and is co-authorof the Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report series. She waspreviously an Economist with the Forum’s GlobalCompetitiveness Programme, where her responsibilitiesincluded economic analysis for the Global CompetitivenessReports, Arab World Competitiveness Reports and othertopical and regional studies. Zahidi holds a cum laude BAdegree in Economics from Smith College, Massachusetts,USA and an M.Phil in International Economics from theGraduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva,Switzerland.

About the Authors

Project Team

Yasmina Bekhouche is Project Associate for the WomenLeaders and Gender Parity Programme at the WorldEconomic Forum. Her responsibilities include the productionof The Global Gender Gap Report and regional gender gapreviews as well as organizing community activities at theWorld Economic Forum’s annual meetings and regionalsummits. She previously worked at the Foreign AffairsDivision of the Swiss Federal Administration. Bekhoucheholds a Master in International Relations from the GraduateInstitute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. Herinterests include social issues, diversity and diplomacy.

Marc Cuénod is the Team Coordinator of the ConstituentCommunities at the World Economic Forum. His respon-sibilities include the coordination among the following communities at the Forum: women leaders, gender paritygroups, religious leaders, NGOs and labour leaders. Cuénodhas previously contributed to The Corporate Gender GapReport 2010, The Global Gender Gap Report 2009 and TheIndia Gender Gap Review 2009. He formerly worked in thehotel management industry in Madagascar and as an assis-tant consultant in a hospitality consulting company. Cuénodholds a Bachelor of Science in International HospitalityManagement from the Ecole Hôtelière de Lausanne,Switzerland.

Eimear Farrell is a Community Manager with the ConstituentCommunities Team at the World Economic Forum and con-tributed to The Corporate Gender Gap Report 2010. Farrellformerly worked as an Assistant to the European Group ofHuman Rights Institutions and has held several positions inthe NGO sector. She has also worked at the Irish Departmentof Justice and in the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, aswell as spending short periods at the European Commissionand in the European Parliament. She holds a BA in Englishand French from Trinity College Dublin and a Master of Artsin European Studies from University College Dublin. In addi-tion, she has studied at the European Inter-University Centrefor Human Rights and Democratisation in Venice and at theLudwig Boltzmann Institute for Human Rights in Vienna.

322 About the Authors Global Gender Gap Report 2010

Global Gender Gap Report 2010 Acknowledgements 323

Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company is the investment arm of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Established inJune 2006 by Royal Decree, Mumtalakat now manages a portfolio of around US$ 10 billion, focusedprimarily in Bahrain. Mumtalakat is an active shareholder and investor in diverse business and industrysectors in 35 commercial enterprises, nationally and internationally, from aluminium production toproperty development, tourist sites to food production and transport to telecommunication.www.mumtalakat.bh

Booz & Company is a leading global management consulting firm, helping the world’s top businesses,governments and organizations. Its founder, Edwin Booz, defined the profession when he establishedthe first management consulting firm in 1914. Today, with more than 3,300 people in 60 offices aroundthe world, Booz & Company brings foresight and knowledge, deep functional expertise and a practicalapproach to building capabilities and delivering real impact. Booz & Company works closely with itsclients to create and deliver essential advantage through strategic insight and operational fitness.www.booz.com

The world's largest beverage company. Along with Coca-Cola, recognized as the world's most valuable brand, the Company markets four of the world's top five soft drink brands, including DietCoke, Fanta and Sprite, and a wide range of other beverages, including diet and light soft drinks,waters, juices and juice drinks, teas, coffees, energy and sports drinks. Through the world's largestbeverage distribution system, consumers in over 200 countries buy the company's beverages at arate exceeding 1.6 billion servings each day.www.coca-cola.com

Ernst & Young is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory services. Worldwide, its144,000 people are united by their shared values and an unwavering commitment to quality. Ernst &Young makes a difference by helping its people, its clients and its wider communities achieve theirpotential.www.ey.com

HCL is a US$ 5 billion leading global technology and IT enterprise that comprises two companies listed in India—HCL Technologies and HCL Infosystems. Founded in 1976, HCL is one of India’s original IT garage start-ups, a pioneer of modern computing and a global transformational enterprisetoday. Its range of offerings spans product engineering, custom and package applications, BPO, ITinfrastructure services, IT hardware, systems integration and distribution of ICT products across a widerange of focused industry verticals. The HCL team comprises over 60,000 professionals of diversenationalities, who operate from 26 countries including over 500 points of presence in India. HCL hasglobal partnerships with several leading Fortune 1000 firms, including leading IT and technology firms.www.hcl.in

The World Economic Forum would like to thank Bahrain Mumtalakat HoldingCompany, Booz & Company, Coca-Cola, Ernst & Young, HCL, Heidrick & Struggles,Manpower Inc., McKinsey & Company, NIKE, the Olayan Group and the Renault-Nissan Alliance for their invaluable support of the Women Leaders Programme and this Report.

324 Acknowledgements Global Gender Gap Report 2010

Heidrick & Struggles is the leadership advisory firm providing senior-level executive search and leadership consulting services, including succession planning, executive assessment, talent retentionmanagement, executive development, transition consulting for newly appointed executives, and M&A human capital integration consulting. For almost 60 years, they have focused on quality service,building strong leadership teams through relationships with clients and individuals worldwide. Today,Heidrick & Struggles’ leadership experts operate from principal business centres in North America,Latin America, Asia Pacific and Europe, Middle East & Africa.www.heidrick.com

Manpower Inc. (NYSE: MAN) is a world leader in innovative workforce solutions; creating and delivering services that enable its clients to win in the changing world of work. With over 60 years’experience, Manpower offers employers a range of services for the entire employment and businesscycle including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment; employee assessment and selection;training; outplacement; outsourcing and consulting. Manpower’s worldwide network of 4,000 officesin 82 countries and territories enables the company to meet the needs of its 400,000 clients per year,including small and medium size enterprises in all industry sectors, as well as the world’s largestmultinational corporations. The focus of Manpower’s work is on raising productivity through improvedquality, efficiency and cost-reduction across their total workforce, enabling clients to concentrate ontheir core business activities. Manpower Inc. operates under five brands: Manpower, ManpowerProfessional, Elan, Jefferson Wells and Right Management.www.manpower.com

McKinsey & Company is a management consulting firm that helps leading corporations and organiza-tions make distinctive, lasting and substantial improvements in their performance. Over the past eight decades, the firm’s primary objective has remained constant: to serve as an organization’s most trusted external adviser on critical issues facing senior management. With consultants deployedfrom more than 90 offices in more than 40 countries, McKinsey advises companies on strategic, operational, organizational and technological issues. The firm has extensive experience in all majorindustry sectors and primary functional areas as well as in-depth expertise in high-priority areas fortoday’s business.www.mckinsey.com

NIKE, based near Beaverton, Oregon, is the world’s leading designer, marketer and distributor ofauthentic athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitnessactivities. Wholly owned Nike subsidiaries include Converse, which designs, markets and distributesathletic footwear, apparel and accessories; Cole Haan, which designs, markets and distributes luxuryshoes, handbags, accessories and coats; Umbro, a leading United Kingdom-based global football (soccer) brand; and Hurley International, which designs, markets and distributes action sports andyouth lifestyle footwear, apparel and accessories.www.nike.com

The Olayan Group is a private, multinational enterprise made up of more than 50 companies and affiliated businesses. Founded in 1947 by Suliman S. Olayan, the Group has spent more than 60 years building its reputation on a bedrock of dedication, integrity, teamwork, continual improvementand growth. In Saudi Arabia, where the Group originated, Olayan engages in product distribution,manufacturing, services and investment, often alongside leading multinational and regional partners.Internationally, the Group invests in public and private equities, including real estate, and in otherasset classes. Olayan’s mission is straightforward: to be a leading diversified Saudi enterprise, a majorglobal investor and the company of choice for its partners, customers and employees.www.olayangroup.com

The Renault-Nissan Alliance, created in 1999, is a unique partnership of five brands that sold more than six million units and achieved a 9.8% global share in 2009. The Alliance employs 350,000employees and is active in 190 markets. Renault and Nissan are run as separate companies but unitedthrough cross-shareholding, a shared focus on results-driven synergies, cross-cultural managementand respect for individual brand and corporate identities. In 2010, the alliance launches the first ofeight planned electric vehicles, leading the drive toward sustainable zero-emission mobility. With five battery production plants and electric vehicle manufacturing in six countries, the Alliance intends to be the first to mass market a full range of zero-emission vehicles. The Alliance has agreementswith over 60 cities, states and countries that are working to establish the infrastructure and marketconditions that will help make electric vehicles affordable and convenient.www.renault.com

Global Gender Gap Report 2010 Acknowledgements 325

The World Economic Forum is an independent interna-

tional organization committed to improving the state of

the world by engaging leaders in partnerships to shape

global, regional and industry agendas. Incorporated as a

foundation in 1971, and based in Geneva, Switzerland,

the World Economic Forum is impartial and not-for-profit;

it is tied to no political, partisan or national interests.

www.weforum.org

The

Global Gender Gap Report

Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University

Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley

Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum 2009

The Global Gender Gap Report2009

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the global gender gap report 2010

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