The Great Depression BeginsThe Great Depression Begins2222CHAPTERCHAPTER

Overview

Time Lines

Transparencies

Chapter Assessment

The Nation’s Sick Economy

Hardship and Suffering During the Depression

Hoover Struggles with the Depression

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SECTION 2

SECTION 3

THEMES IN CHAPTER 22

The Great Depression BeginsThe Great Depression Begins2222CHAPTERCHAPTER

Economic Opportunity

Immigration and Migration

“The illusory prosperity and feverish optimism which marked preceding years have given way to fearful economic insecurity and to widespread despair.”

Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr., 1931

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The American Dream

The Great Depression BeginsThe Great Depression Begins2222CHAPTERCHAPTER

“The illusory prosperity and feverish optimism which marked preceding years have given way to fearful economic insecurity and to widespread despair.”

Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr., 1931

What do you know?• What do you already know about the Great Depression?

• Have you ever discussed the Depression with a relative who lived through it? If so, what did he or she say?

Read the quote above and answer the following:

• What does La Follette suggest about the prosperity and optimism of the years preceding the Depression?

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Time LineTime Line2222CHAPTERCHAPTER

The United States

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June 1930 The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act becomes law.

1931 Hoover proposes a one-year delay in repayment of war debts and reparations. Between 4 million and 5 million Americans are unemployed.

1932 The Reconstruction Finance Corporation is established.

1933 More than 13 million Americans are unemployed. Average annual income drops to $1,500 per family.

October 1929 The stock market crashes.

July 1930 Congress creates the Veterans Administration.

Time LineTime Line2222CHAPTERCHAPTER

The World

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1931 Austria suffers economic collapse.

September 1931 Japan occupies Manchuria.

September 1932 From prison, Mohandas K. Gandhi leads a protest against British policies in India.

1930 Army officers led by José Uriburu seize control of the government in Argentina.

1933 Adolf Hitler comes to power. Japan withdraws from the League of Nations.

1932 Ibn Saud becomes king of Saudi Arabia.

The Nation’s Sick Economy1

Learn About

economic problems affecting industries, farmers, and consumers at home and abroad.

To Understand

the causes of the Great Depression.

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The Nation’s Sick Economy1 HOME

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Key Idea

Economic problems affecting industries, farmers, and consumers lead to the Great Depression.

The Nation’s Sick Economy1

Section Assessment1

What were some of the causes and effects of the 1929 stock market crash?

SUMMARIZING

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speculation buying on marginfalling stock

prices

loss of confidence

loss of savings

bank failureshigh

unemploymentworldwide depression

bankrupt businesses

Stock MarketCrash

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The Nation’s Sick Economy1

How did the economic trends of the 1920s help cause the Great Depression?

ANALYZING CAUSES

Assessment1

• what happened in industry • what happened in agriculture• what happened with consumers

THINK ABOUT

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The Nation’s Sick Economy1

Assessment1

Judging from the events of the late 1920s and early 1930s, how important do you think public confidence is to the health of the economy?

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

• what happened when overconfidence in the stock market led people to speculate and buy on margin• what happened when lack of confidence caused people to sell stocks and close out bank accounts

THINK ABOUT

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Hardship and Suffering During the Depression2

Learn About

living conditions during the Great Depression.

To Understand

how people coped with hard times.

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Hardship and Suffering During the Depression2 HOME

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Key Idea

The Great Depression brings suffering of many kinds and degrees to people from all walks of life.

Hardship and Suffering During the Depression2

Section Assessment2

What groups of people were affected by the Great Depression? How were they affected?

SUMMARIZING

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GROUP EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION

urban poor lived in shantytowns, ate in soup kitchens or bread lines

African Americans experienced increased discrimination

Latino Americans

lost land and headed west

experienced increased discrimination

farmers

unemployed men wandered country looking for work

Hardship and Suffering During the Depression2

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Compare what happened to city dwellers and to farmers during the Great Depression. How was it similar and different?

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING

Assessment2

• what happened to their livelihoods• what happened to their homes• what help was available to them

THINK ABOUT

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Hardship and Suffering During the Depression2

Section Assessment2

How did the Dust Bowl affect the entire country?

RECOGNZING EFFECTS

• the effect on farmers on the plains• the effect on California and other states where the Okies resettled• the effect on the East

THINK ABOUT

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Hoover Struggles with the Depression3

Learn About

President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression.

To Understand

why the Hoover administration lost public support.

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Hoover Struggles with the Depression3 HOME

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Key Idea

President Hoover tries to restore confidence and halt the Depression, but his actions are ineffective.

Hoover Struggles with the Depression3

Section Assessment3

What did President Hoover say and do in response to the Depression?

SUMMARIZING

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Reconstruction Finance Corporation

“Any lack of confidence in the

economic future . . . is foolish.”

“rugged individualism”

Federal Home Loan Bank Act

Federal Farm Board

Boulder Damsending of troops

against Bonus Army

public-works programs

HOOVER’S RESPONSES

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Hoover Struggles with the Depression3

How did Hoover’s belief in “rugged individualism” shape his policies during the Depression?

ANALYZING ISSUES

Assessment33

• what that belief implies about government action• Hoover’s policies• whether those policies were consistent with his beliefs

THINK ABOUT

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Hoover Struggles with the Depression3

Assessment3

When Franklin Delano Roosevelt heard about the attack on the Bonus Army, why was he so certain that Hoover was going to lose?

CLARIFYING

• the American public’s impression of Hoover• Hoover’s actions to fight the Depression• how people judged Hoover after the attack

THINK ABOUT

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Chapter 22 Assessment

1. How did what happened to farmers during the 1920s foreshadow events of the Great Depression?

2. Why was uneven distribution of income bad for the economy?

3. What were some of the effects of the stock market crash in October 1929?

4. What effect did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act have on the economy and why?

5. How were shantytowns, soup kitchens, and bread lines a response to the Depression?

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Chapter 22 Assessment

6. Why did minorities often experience an increase in discrimination during the Great Depression?

7. What pressures did the American family experience during the Depression?

8. Why did Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon believe that the government should do nothing about the Depression?

9. How did Hoover’s treatment of the Bonus Army affect his standing with the public?

10. In what ways did Hoover try to use the government to relieve the Depression?

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