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PICES2012 Keynote Lecture October 15 th 2012 Hiroshima October 15 , 2012, Hiroshima R ili d i bili Resilience and sustainability of the humanocean coupled system – beyond the Great East Japan Earthquake Tokio W ada Fisheries Research Agency J apan 1

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Page 1: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

PICES‐2012 Keynote LectureOctober 15th  2012  HiroshimaOctober 15 , 2012, Hiroshima

R ili   d  i bili  Resilience and sustainability of the human‐ocean coupled systemp y– beyond the Great East Japan Earthquake

TokioWadaFisheries Research Agency

JapanJ p

1

Page 2: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Today’s Topics

1. Sato-yama and Sato-umi in Japan1. Sato yama and Sato umi in Japan・As a concept of Human-Natural coupled systemfor maintaining biodiversity andfor maintaining biodiversity and for sustainable use of ecosystem services

2. Effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake i t d th i ion marine ecosystems and their recoveries

・Damage to fisheries and marine ecosystems,R di ti t i ti・Radioactive contamination,

・Tsunami debris, etc.

2

Page 3: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

From CCCC to FUTURE

How respond the North Pacific ecosystems to climate changes?g

CCCCS di  W ll    ll k  P ifi   l

Climate Change and Carrying Capacity(1995‐2009)

Sardine, Walleye  pollock, Pacific salmonOffshore/Basin scale study

How to achieve the sustainable use of 

CBD, CoML,IPCC‐AR4

How to achieve the sustainable use of the services from the North Pacific ecosystems ?Forecasting and Understanding Trends  

FUTUREd d

Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of 

North Pacific Marine Ecosystems (2009‐)

Exotic species, HABs, Biodiversity, Human dimensionCoastal/Regional scale study 

3

Page 4: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Human Well-being and Ecosystem ServicesE  S i H  W ll b i

Provisioning S i Security f  io

n

Ecosystem Services Human Well‐being

・Succession

orting

vice

s ServicesRegulating ServicesEcosystems

Security

Basic Materials

dom of

 & Acti・Succession

・Resilience

Supp Ser Services

Cultural Services

EcosystemsHealth

Social Relations Free

dCho

ice 

Services C

Direct  Indirect Direct Drivers

Indirect Drivers

Ecological Perturbation & DisturbanceEcological Perturbation & DisturbanceHuman activities : ・Must be limited to the range of the resilience of ecosystems.・Means of the regulation of ecological succession 

4

・Means of the regulation of ecological succession (= maintaining a mosaic of diverse habitats) through the moderate ecological perturbation and disturbance.

Page 5: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Sato‐yama‐ A Traditional Human‐Natural Coupled System in JapanCoupled System in Japan

Sato‐yama: A secondary forest (yama) nearby a village (Sato) in an original sense   in an original sense.  

Photo: Fukuoka Prefecture

Sato‐yama has been managed as a commons of the village for 

Photo: Tateshina Town

y g gthe collection of firewood, fertilizer,  and foods, such as nuts and mushrooms.  5

Page 6: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Sato‐yama‐Its Structure & FunctionsS A  l l   i l di   i  h bi               Sato‐yama: A plural ecosystem including various habitats              

・Human activities

SecondarySecondaryforestforest

ReservoirReservoirAgriculture/Forestryprevent the ecological  succession.ff

GrasslandGrasslandsuccession.

・ Preservation of eachhabitat

Paddy fieldPaddy field

WW

habitat

・Maintain Biodiversity andE t  S i   f   WaterwayWaterway

Illustration: Shiga Prefecture

Ecosystem Services of   Sato‐yama

AgricultureAgriculture ForestryForestry F tF tAgricultureAgriculture ForestryForestry ForestryForestry

×× ×

Secondary Forest Climax ForestGrassland &Paddy field Shrubs

Illustration: http://www.cgr.mlit.go.jp/ootagawa/sand/west/plants/forest/3b/index.htm 6

Page 7: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Sato‐umi – A Concept of Human‐Ocean Coupled SystemCoupled System

Sato‐umi:  A coastal area where biological productivity and bi di i  h  i d  h h h  i ibiodiversity has increased through human interaction

(Ministry of the Environment)“Umi” = sea

Photo: Kyoto Prefecture/ National Federation of Fisheries Co‐operative  Associations 7

Page 8: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Sato‐umi‐Its StructureA  I   f th  St t   f S t i

Rocky shore & 

An Image of the Structure of Sato‐umi

Seaweed bed Littoral Forest

((Shellfish/Seaweed Shellfish/Seaweed CollectionCollection)) “Sato“Sato‐‐umiumi””))

(Common fishing ground(Common fishing ground

Farmland(Aquaculture)(Aquaculture)

f g gf g gfor fish & shellfish)for fish & shellfish)

Tidal Flat 

Fishing port

S d & M d Fl t((Shellfish collection)Shellfish collection)“Sato“Sato‐‐yamayama””Sand & Mud Flat& Seagrass bedVillage

Sandy beach

8

Page 9: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Institutional Base of Sato‐umi

Fishing Rights:  

Coastal Fisheries Management by Fishing Rights

Fishing Ground forMinister Licensed Fisheries

Fishing Rights:  ・Exclusive rights granted by the Government to engage in 

Fishing Ground forGovernor Licensed Fisheries

specific fisheries in public waters. 

・Fishing ground of this 

Fishing Ground for

・Fishing ground of this fisheries is a commons for fishers who live in the villageg f

Fishing Rights Fisheriesfishers who live in the villagenear the fishing ground.

Fishing village

Control of the excessive entry to fisheriesR t i t t   l it ti  Fishing village

(Fisheries Co‐operative Association)

Restraint to overexploitation in coastal areas

9

Page 10: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Characteristics of Japanese‐style Coastal Fisheries ManagementCoastal Fisheries Management

・ Voluntary efforts of fishers based on their  agreementA  & Ti  Cl /C t h & Eff t C t l/Area & Time Closure/Catch & Effort Control/Size & Sex Limitation

d l h k h d・ Integrated implementation with Stock Enhancement and Improvement of Fishing Ground 

Plowing Plowing Sea Sea bedbedRelease of seedsRelease of seeds Developing Seaweed Developing Seaweed bedbed

Fisheries AgencyFukushima Pref.

R f f  S iR f f  S iFisheries Agency

l hl hReef for SpawningReef for Spawning& Nursery& Nursery

Clean up Beach &Clean up Beach &Fishing GroundFishing Ground

10Kagoshima Pref. Nippon Zaidan

Page 11: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Sato‐umi‐Its Functions

A Mosaic of Different Type of Habitats

Interaction with Coastal Land Area

・ Rich in Biodiversity Cen

t of 

nt

Degradation/AdvancementDegradation/Advancement

Rich in Biodiversity

・High Capacity for Regulating Environment

Rest

Coastal Dro

veme

ronm

en

g p y f g gBiogeochemical cycling/water purification/etc.

・High Biological Productivity

riction  D

evelopn & Im

pal Env

ir

Fisheries managementStock enhancement

 of pm

entot

ection

Coa

sta

Co‐existence of Various Type of Fisheries

Stability and Sustainability of 

Pro

11

Stability and Sustainability of Fisheries and Local Community

Page 12: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

The Great East Japan Earthquake D t   d ti     6  M h      1. Date and time : 14:46, March 11, 2011  

2. Hypocenter : 38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E3. Depth : 24km,          4. Magnitude : M9.03. Depth : 24km,          4. Magnitude : M9.0

HypocentralHypocentral

Data: The Coastal Engineering Committee of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers

regionregion12

Page 13: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Changes in Topography with the Earthquake 

Contour interval : 0.5 m Mouth of Mouth of KitakamiKitakami RiverRiverMarch, 1985March, 1985

S b idS b idSubsidenceSubsidence

April 17,2011April 17,2011

UpliftUplift

Vertical deformation calculated Vertical deformation calculated from slip distribution model 

Data:Geospatial Information Authority of Japan Photo: Miyagi Prefecture 13

Page 14: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Damage to FisheriesD  f   h  G  E  J  E h k  Damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake to the fisheries in Japan  (as of July 5, 2012)

Category Number of      Amount ofDamage           Damage*            

Fi hi l 28 612 1 822Fishing vessels 28,612 1,822Fishery harbor facilities 319 8,230Aquaculture facilities - 738Aquaculture products - 597Common use facilities 1,725 1,249

Subtotal* 12 637Subtotal* 12,637* 100 million ¥

・Almost damages were occurred in 7 prefectures from Almost damages were occurred in 7 prefectures from Hokkaido to Chiba.  (12,544 x 100 million ¥) ・Seafood processing facilities in 7 prefectures were also damaged. (1,639 x 100 million ¥)

Data: Ministry of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 14

Page 15: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Effects to Sea grass bed and Tidal flatChanges in sea grass bed 

age (%

)

(Same‐no‐ura/Ishinomaki City)Data: Dr. Daisuke Muraoka/FRA

Jun. 2006Aug. 2011

Jan. 2012

Cov

era

Number of Species of Benthic Organisms

Jul. 2012

Upper: before the earthquakeLower: after the earthquake

Changes in number of Species of Changes in number of Species of Benthic organisms in taidal flats 

15common newly appearedData: Dr. Takao Suzuki, Univ. Tohoku/

Ministry of the Environment 

Page 16: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Effects to Seaweed Bed

C t C lli AlC t C lli Al

LithophylumLithophylumyessoensisyessoensis

5 ‐ 7 mCrustose Coralline AlgaeCrustose Coralline Algae

(CCA)(CCA)

4 – 5 mAlgal Algal TurfsTurfs(AT)(AT)

GelidiumGelidiumeleganselegans

2 – 4 mK lK l B dB d

(AT)(AT)

Kelp Kelp BedBed(KB)(KB)

100mEisenia bicyclisEisenia bicyclis

16

100m

Data & Photo: Dr. Hideki Takami/FRA

Tomari‐hama/Ishinomaki City

Page 17: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Changes in the densities of abalone and sea urchin between before and after the tsunamibetween before and after the tsunami

7 30

Sea urchinAbalone

5

6

ds m

-2) Jul 2010Nov 2010Feb 2011 20(in

ds m

-2) Jul 2010

Nov 2010Jun 2011

3

4

e de

nsity

(in Feb 2011

Jun 2011

20

in d

ensit

y (

1

2

Aba

lon 10

Sea

urch

iND 0.10 2

0KB AT CCA

0KB AT CCA

ND 0.10.2

KB AT CCA KB AT CCAType of Seaweed Bed

17KB : Kelp Bed/AT : Algal Turfs/CCA : Crustose Coralline Algae

Type of Seaweed Bed

Page 18: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Effects to Offshore & Migratory Species

30003000

ADistribution of walleye pollock

Before AfterA

D

0100020003000

AD

0100020003000

Trawl surveyl H

0H

0

Apr. 2006‐2010(Av) Apr. 2011

DApril 2011

1 9 9 6~2 0 1 2年の年齢別資源重量

100,000

120,000ン) 1歳 2歳 3歳 4歳 5歳以上F

E Stock in weight of Pacific cod by age

40 000

60,000

80,000

重量(トン

H

0

20,000

40,00096 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

資源

H

・There was no significant 

199619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

12

Data: Y. Narimatsu et.al./FRA (unpublished)

gdeference between before and after the earthquake.

18

Page 19: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Radioactive Contamination 

I i i P i d f R l d i PB

Estimated Amount of Radioactive Materials into the Ocean(as of May 2012,  Data: TEPCO)

Institution Period of Released amount in PBqAssessment I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137

TEPCO Mar. 26 - Sept. 30 11 3.5 3.6JAEA Mar. 21 - Apr. 30 11.4 - 3.6IRSN Mar 21 Mid Jul 27IRSN Mar. 21 - Mid-Jul. - - 27

Half-life: I-131=8 days, Cs-134=2 years, Cs-137= 30 years PBq=1015Bq

Method:TEPCO/JAEA: Calculate the amount of radioactive materials using a diffusion model 

so as to reproduce the concentration in seawater near the discharge canals of the power plant.

IRSN: Draw a contour map of the Cs‐137 concentration in the North Pacific Ocean off Fukushima Prefecture, and then calculate the total amount of Cs‐137.

TEPCO: Tokyo Electric Power Company /JAEA: Japan Atomic Energy AgencyIRSN: Institute de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire 19

Page 20: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Concentration of Radioactive Materials in the Seawater near the Fukushima Dai‐ichi NPP

St.T‐1: North of discharge channel of 5‐6 of TEPCO Fukushima Dai‐ichi NPP 

in the Seawater near the Fukushima Dai ichi NPP1000000

TEPCO Fukushima Dai‐ichi NPP

oactive  100000

10000

 Rad

io   Bq/

10000

1000

ion of 

erials   

100

entrati

Mate

10

Con

ce 1

0 1

Date20Data: MEXT

0.1

Page 21: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Cs‐137 concentration of sea water around Japan for 1964‐2010 and  off Fukushima for 2011‐2012 for 1964 2010 and  off Fukushima for 2011 2012 

L 100,000

7  Bq/

L 10,000Historical Data around JapanCoastal Water off Fukushima, 0‐6kmOffshore Water off Fukushima, 6‐30km

1,000

f Cs‐137 Offshore Water off Fukushima, 6 30km

Offshore Water off Fukushima, 30‐300km 100

10

tion

of

10

1

entrat 0.1

0.01

Con

s

0.001

0.0001

21

0.0001

Data: MEXT/Meteorological Res. Inst.(Dr. Aoyama)

2011

Page 22: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Concentration of Radioactive Cesiums(Cs‐134 +Cs137) in Marine Organisms‐1  (Cs 134 +Cs137) in Marine Organisms 1  

Surf clam/Abalone Brown AlgaeBq/kg‐wet

・ Biological half‐life= 50 – 140 days

Pelagic fishes & larvae,Shellfishes  

Whitebait(sand eel)

Shellfishes, Sea urchins,Brown algae, etc. Japanese sardine

・Decrease  Cs  conc.in Sea water

・ Decreased to low or undetectable 

22Data: The Fisheries Agency

levels

Page 23: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Concentration of Radioactive Cesiums(Cs‐134 +Cs137) in Marine Organisms‐2  (Cs 134 +Cs137) in Marine Organisms 2  

Slime flounder (Microstomus achne)

・ Some benthic fishes and other organisms in some areas remain relatively hi h l l          high levels         

・ food habits:

Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) 

・ food habits:carnivorous

cod, flounder,ominivorous

greenling, bl k bblack sea bream

・Osmoregulatory ability:euryhaline

23

euryhalineperch, black sea bream

Page 24: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Tsunami Debris – Type and Abundance

・About 5 million tons 0f debris from Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures washed out by the tsunami.

% ( ll ) d d b d l・ Its 70 % (3.5 million tons) deposited on seabed alongthe coast of Japan, and the remaining 30 % (1.5 million tons)became floating debris

T                                    Fl ti  D b i    D b i    S b d       S              (Unit: thousand tons)

became floating debris.

Type                                   Floating Debris   Debris on Seabed       Sum             

Houses                                           1,336                       2,783                    4,119              Cars                                                     ‐ 313                       313Cars                                                      313                       313Driftwoods                                      199                            ‐ 199Ships                                                      1                          101                       102Aquaculture facilities                    16                         16Aquaculture facilities                   ‐ 16                         16Fixed fishing nets                          ‐ 18                         18Cargo containers                            ‐ 35                         35

Total                                               1,536                      3,266                  4,802Data: Ministry of the Environment 24

Page 25: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Influences of Floating Debris1.Ecological Influences:

・Effects to Highly Migratory Species   id t l i ti /= accidental ingestion/tangle to organisms/ghost fishing

・Pollution of Coastal EnvironmentPollution of Coastal Environment・Transport & Diffusion of Exotic Species

22 Influences to Ship NavigationInfluences to Ship Navigation and Fishing Operation:and Fishing Operation:2.2.Influences to Ship NavigationInfluences to Ship Navigation and Fishing Operation:and Fishing Operation:・・Collision with ships/Tangle to Ships’ propellers and Collision with ships/Tangle to Ships’ propellers and fishing gearsfishing gearsg gg g

3.3.OtherOther Influences:Influences:・・Damage to coastal landscape by debrisDamage to coastal landscape by debrisDamage to coastal landscape by debrisDamage to coastal landscape by debris

Photo: The Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS)

Photo: U.S. Navy/AFLO/ZUMA Press

Nuisance Species (ANS)Task Force 

25

Page 26: the Great East Japan Earthquake · The Great East Japan Earthquake 1. DtDate and time : 14:46, MhMarch 11, 2011 2. Hypocenter :38o6.2’ N, 142o51.6’E 3.3. Depth : 24km, 4. Magnitude

Subsurface type Lumber type Float type

Debris Drift PredictionSubsurface typeSpecific gravity=1.0

Lumber typeS.g.=0.5

Float typeS.g.=0.33

Feb.2012

Jun.2012

OctOct.2012

Feb.20132013

Data: Ministry of the Environment 26

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Remaining Subjects and Necessity of International Cooperation‐1International Cooperation‐1

1. Ecological Impacts:1. Ecological Impacts:・Offshore region/Migratory species  ‐ Small or Negligible.・Coastal ecosystems – Large.  Take a long time to recover. 

Long‐term monitoring and attention to ecological succession are required.

2. Radioactive contamination:・Radioactivity in seawater has been decreased  But  ・Radioactivity in seawater has been decreased. But, still relatively high in sediments and benthic organisms in some waters.• Continuation of monitoring and studies on the dynamics of radioactive materials in the ecosystem are required.

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Remaining Subjects and Necessity of International Cooperation‐2

3  Floating Debris:

International Cooperation‐2

3. Floating Debris:・Lots of debris will drift widely in the North Pacific Ocean for several years, and arrived to the coast of the North y ,Pacific rim.• Monitoring and studies on impacts on coastal/oceanic 

  i i i     f i   d    f ecosystems, mitigation ways of impacts, and treatment of debris are required. 

・These subjects are common to the North Pacific Ocean.・International cooperation is essential for enhance International cooperation is essential for enhance the research activities  and continuation of the monitoring. ・PICES is expected to take a leading role in the planning and 

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p g p gimplementation of the international cooperation.  

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Acknowledgement‐1

I would like to express our sincere thanks for the warm sympathy and strong aid from the PICES member countries y p y g

and from all over the world in response to the terrible disasters of the Great East Japan Earthquake.

PICES and ICES kindly donated CD$55,100 to aid the marine science in the disaster area   aid the marine science in the disaster area.  

This donation was distributed to 11 research projects through the Japanese Society of Fisheries Oceanography 

d  l     h   l i l  di  i   h  and strongly support the ecological studies in the area.The results of the projects will be summarized and presented in 

this Annual Meeting (S11) with our sincere thanks. The title is 

“General report of the projects aided by PICES/ICES/JSFO fund for fisheries and oceanographic research on the recovery from g p y

the Great East Japan Earthquake”   29

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Acknowledgement‐2

This presentation is based on the studies conducted by  i i   i i i   d  i ifi   i i  many institutes, universities, and scientific societies, 

including the Fisheries Research Agency (FRA).  I would like to express my sincere thanks and respects I would like to express my sincere thanks and respects 

for their earnest activities.

I would like to express my deepest thanks toDrs. Kaoru Nakata, Hiroaki Saito, Shin‐ichi Ito, 

MitsutakuMakino, Toyomitsu Horii, Daisuke Muraoka, Hideki Takami, Takami Morita, Hideki Kaeriyama, 

TomowoWatanabe  and Hiroya SugisakiTomowoWatanabe, and Hiroya Sugisakifor their kind support during the preparation of 

this presentation. this presentation. 

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Tank you very much for your kind attention

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Tank you very much for your kind attention.