The Great WarWorld War I and Its Aftermath 1914-1919

Causes of Waro Imperialism-

competition to create overseas empires

o Nationalism – a growing feeling of extreme patriotism and superiority based on country

o Militarism – the build-up weapons, armies, and navies

o Balance of Powers - alliance system established in Europe created to deter war.o Triple Alliance:

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

o Triple Entente: France, England, and Russia

The Spark

o The Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria Hungry on June 28 1914, triggered the start of the war by having the two alliances square off against each other. Europe is at war by August.

Europe at Waro Central Powers

o Germany/Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Schlieffen Plan

o Austria-Hungaryo Bulgariao Ottoman Empire

o Allied Powerso Franceo Englando Russiao Italyo U.S. (1917)

Modern WarEuropean countries expected the war to end in a few months, but new weapons and strategy quickly bogged down the war into trench warfare. Technological advances from the Industrial Revolution had an impact on the way war would be waged. Machine guns, armored tanks, airplanes, submarines “U-boats”, and poison gas all made their first appearance in this war.

The U.S. Enters the War

The U.S. enters the war after German U-boats sink The Lusitanian and Germany’s violation of the Sussex pledge. Other passenger boats were sunk. As a result American public opinion turns firmly toward the Allies. The Zimmerman Note seals the U.S. entrance into WWI.

Americans Prepare for War •War Industries Board

•Lever Food and Fuel Control Act (government set prices and production controls)

•Increased Food Production

•National War Labor Board

• Women serve as nurses, ambulance drivers, red cross workers, and filled factory jobs.

•The Selective Service Act (including African American units and officer training.

Getting Public Supporto the formation of the

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

o The Espionage and Sedition Act 1917-1918

o Schenck v. United States – speech can be limited in times of if it poses a “clear and present danger”

Propaganda Posters

At Waro The expectation that the war

would end quickly evaporated as both sides became bogged down in the trenches and a stalemate ensued.

o The First and Second battle of the Marne highlight the horrors of the new warfare.

o The Russians exit the war, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as they become involved in their own revolution .

o An Armistice is signed on the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day of the eleventh month 1918. The war is officially over.

After Waro Fourteen Points – plan

purposed by Wilson to ensure future peaceo Self-determinationo League of Nations

o Treaty of Versailleso Big Four –

o U.S. /Woodrow Wilsono England/ Lloyd Georgeo France/ Georges

Clemenceauo Italy/Vittorio Orlando

o Conditions o Blame and Punishmento Reparations o Alsace-Lorraine

Impact of World War I •Political – over though of monarchies in Germany, Russia, Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary and rise of Bolshevism, and revolts against colonialism, new nations were formed.

•Economic – ruined European economies, U.S. emerges as world power. Inflation and decrease in demand for U.S. farm products

•Social – Women’s war contributions help get 19th amendment passed. African Americans moved to Northern Cities for jobs.

•European Impact – Lost generation of men, countries in ruin and debt, issues unresolved by Treaty of Versailles