the heating & cooling curve
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 2
The Structure
Of The Atom
![Page 2: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MATTERMatter is anything that has mass and occupies
space.It is made up of tiny particles which are discrete
and always in motion.This particles can be atoms, molecules or ions.Atom is the smallest, indivisible particle that can
take part in a reaction.Molecules consist of 2 or more elements
combined together chemically.Ions are particles that are charged due to loss or
gain of electrons.Anions are negatively charged particles and
cations arePositively charged particles
![Page 3: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
The Kinetic Theory of
Matter
Matter is made up of discrete and tiny particles that occupies space
The particles always vibrating and moving about randomly
The particles obtain higher kinetic energy and move in more rapid when the temperature of the matter increases
The particles collide with each other and bounce off in all direction
![Page 4: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Matter can exist in 3 physical states:a) Solidb) Liquidc) Gas
Matter can undergo a change its state of matter when heat is supplied or released from it.
![Page 5: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
THE HEATING CURVEHeat energy
absorbed by the particles causes the particles to vibrate faster.
The kinetic energy increases.
The temperature increases.
The substance exists in solid state.
![Page 10: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles so that the solid turns to liquid.
The temperature remains constant.
This temperature is known as the melting point.
![Page 11: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Heat energy is absorbed by the liquid particles.
The particles move faster.
The temperature increases.
![Page 12: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles so that the liquid turns to gas.
The temperature remains constant.
This temperature is known as the boiling point.
![Page 13: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
THE COOLING CURVEThe particles in the gas lose their kinetic energy and move slower.
The temperature decreases.
Heat is lost/released to the surroundings.
![Page 15: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Heat given out to the surroundings is balanced by the heat energy released as the particles attract one another to form a liquid.
Its temperature remains constant.
The substance exists in liquid and gaseous states.
![Page 16: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The particles in the liquid lose their kinetic energy and move slower.
The temperature decreases.
Heat is lost/released to the surroundings.
![Page 17: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Heat given out to the surroundings is balanced by the heat energy released as the particles attract one another to form a solid.
Its temperature remains constant.
The substance exists in liquid and solid states.
![Page 18: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Heating & Cooling Curve](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/543f0d14b1af9f780b8b4df4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2.