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The HetNet Bible: 2014 – 2020 – Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS & C-RAN Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts
© 2014 SNS Research
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Table of Contents
List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 32
1 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................... 37
1.1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 37
1.2 Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................... 39
1.3 Key Questions Answered ........................................................................................................................... 42
1.4 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................................... 43
1.5 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 44
1.6 Target Audience ......................................................................................................................................... 45
1.7 Companies Mentioned ............................................................................................................................... 46
2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS & C-RAN ................... 54
2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem ................................................................................. 54
2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband ................................................................................... 54
2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to all Capacity Problems? ..................................................................................... 54
2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology .................................................................................... 56
2.2 Small Cells .................................................................................................................................................. 57
2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? ........................................................................................................................ 57
2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? ................................................................................................................... 57
2.2.3 Small Cell Categories ......................................................................................................................... 59
2.2.3.1 Femtocells - Home (e)NodeBs ....................................................................................................................... 60
2.2.3.2 Picocells ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
2.2.3.3 Microcells ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
2.2.3.4 Metrocell: An Emerging Deployment Model ................................................................................................ 61
2.2.3.5 Will Metrocell Deployments Encompass Carrier Deployed Femtocells? ...................................................... 61
2.3 Carrier WiFi ................................................................................................................................................ 62
2.3.1 Carrier WiFi Integration Approaches ................................................................................................. 63
2.3.2 Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ ................................................................................................................ 63
2.3.3 Managed Offload ............................................................................................................................... 63
2.3.3.1 SIM-based Authentication and Mobile Data Offload .................................................................................... 63
2.3.3.2 Fully Integrated WiFi Access ......................................................................................................................... 63
The HetNet Bible: 2014 – 2020 – Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS & C-RAN Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts
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2.4 C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Network) ........................................................................................................ 64
2.4.1 What is C-RAN? ................................................................................................................................. 64
2.4.2 Architectural Benefits and Challenges .............................................................................................. 64
2.5 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) ........................................................................................................... 66
2.5.1 What is DAS? ..................................................................................................................................... 66
2.5.2 Passive DAS ........................................................................................................................................ 66
2.5.3 Hybrid DAS ......................................................................................................................................... 67
2.5.4 Active DAS ......................................................................................................................................... 67
2.6 Alternative Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity ............................................ 67
2.6.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion ................................................................................... 67
2.6.2 Caching & Mobile CDNs ..................................................................................................................... 68
2.7 The Business Case: What is Driving the HetNet Market? .......................................................................... 69
2.7.1 Mobile Data Traffic: The Tsunami of 335 Exabytes ........................................................................... 69
2.7.2 Endorsement from the Carrier Community ...................................................................................... 70
2.7.3 In-Building Coverage and Capacity .................................................................................................... 71
2.7.4 Enterprise Demand: BYOD is Fuelling Growth................................................................................... 71
2.7.5 Capacity Offload in Congested Localities .......................................................................................... 71
2.7.6 CapEx Savings .................................................................................................................................... 71
2.7.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Network ......................................................................................... 72
2.8 Challenges & Inhibitors to the HetNet Ecosystem ..................................................................................... 73
2.8.1 Security Concerns .............................................................................................................................. 73
2.8.2 Competing HetNet Solutions: DAS vs. Indoor Small Cells ................................................................. 73
2.8.3 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints ............................................... 74
2.8.4 Backhaul Requirements and Complexity ........................................................................................... 74
2.8.5 C-RAN Fronthaul Challenges .............................................................................................................. 74
2.8.6 Commercial Immaturity .................................................................................................................... 74
2.8.7 Economic Constraints ........................................................................................................................ 75
2.8.8 Device Side, Client and OS Issues ...................................................................................................... 75
2.8.9 Deployment Challenges ..................................................................................................................... 75
2.8.10 Integrating Segregated WiFi Infrastructure into Mobile Networks ................................................... 75
2.8.11 Impact of Macrocell LTE Rollouts: Negative or Positive? .................................................................. 76
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3 Chapter 3: Integration & Offloading Technology .............................................. 77
3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network ....................................................................................... 77
3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks ............................................................................................................ 77
3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential/Enterprise Femtocells ............................................................................ 77
3.1.1.2 Iub: Picocells, Microcells and Now Even Femtocells ..................................................................................... 79
3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks ..................................................................................................... 80
3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture .......................................................................................................................... 80
3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture ........................................................................................................................ 81
3.2 Integrating C-RAN into the Mobile Network .............................................................................................. 81
3.2.1 CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) ............................................................................................. 81
3.2.2 OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) ............................................................................ 81
3.2.3 ORI (Open Radio Interface) ............................................................................................................... 82
3.3 WiFi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Wireless Carrier Integration ..................................... 83
3.4 Enabling Technologies for WiFi and Cellular RAN Interoperability ............................................................ 83
3.4.1 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) ............................................................. 83
3.4.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility........................................................................................................................... 84
3.4.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions ................................................................................................. 84
3.4.2 Hotspot 2.0 ........................................................................................................................................ 84
3.4.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u....................................................................................................................................... 84
3.4.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) ......................................................................................................................... 85
3.4.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) ...................................................................................................................... 85
3.4.2.4 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) DM (Device Management) ............................................................................. 85
3.4.2.5 Passpoint WiFi Certification .......................................................................................................................... 86
3.4.3 NGH (NextGen Hotspot) Program ..................................................................................................... 86
3.4.3.1 Working alongside Hotspot 2.0 ..................................................................................................................... 87
3.4.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity ......................................................................................... 87
3.4.4 I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) ................................................................................................ 87
3.4.5 WISPr (Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming) ........................................................................ 87
3.4.6 MSAP (Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol) ........................................................................... 88
3.4.7 WiFi Direct ......................................................................................................................................... 88
3.5 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies ................................................................................ 89
3.5.1 LIPA (Local IP Access) ......................................................................................................................... 89
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3.5.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? ................................................................................................................ 89
3.5.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access ................................................................................. 89
3.5.2 SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload) .................................................................................................... 90
3.5.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload .................................................................................................... 90
3.5.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? .............................................................................. 90
3.5.3 IFOM (IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload) ................................................................................. 91
3.5.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between WiFi and 3GPP RANs ..................................................................... 91
3.6 WiFi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations to Address the HetNet Challenge ...... 92
3.6.1 WiFi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Base Station Nodes ................................................. 92
3.6.2 Policy Driven Control for Small Cell & WiFi ....................................................................................... 92
3.6.2.1 Vendor Demonstrations: Dynamic Switching between WiFi and LTE ........................................................... 92
3.6.3 Commercial Case Study: NGH SIM-based WiFi Access ...................................................................... 93
4 Chapter 4: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain ................................................ 94
4.1 HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................................... 94
4.1.1 2010 – 2012: Initial Rollouts: In-building Voice Converge & Nomadic Data Access .......................... 94
4.1.2 2013 – 2015: The 4G Expansion Era – A Shift from In-building Voice to Data Optimization ............ 95
4.1.3 2016 – 2020: The HetNet Era - Continued Proliferation of HetNets ................................................. 95
4.2 HetNet Value Chain .................................................................................................................................... 97
4.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem ............................................................................................................. 97
4.3.1 Chipset Developers ............................................................................................................................ 97
4.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers ..................................................................................... 97
4.4 HetNet RAN Ecosystem .............................................................................................................................. 99
4.4.1 ‘Pure-Play’ and Specialist Small Cell OEMs ........................................................................................ 99
4.4.2 WiFi Access Point OEMs .................................................................................................................... 99
4.4.3 Macrocell RAN OEMs......................................................................................................................... 99
4.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers ................................................................................................... 99
4.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers ................................................................................................................ 100
4.4.6 Other Technology & Network Component Providers/Enablers ...................................................... 100
4.5 Mobile Backhaul Ecosystem ..................................................................................................................... 101
4.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers ........................................................................................ 101
4.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................ 101
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4.6.1 Core Network Solution Providers .................................................................................................... 101
4.7 Connectivity Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................... 102
4.7.1 2G, 3G & 4G Wireless Carriers ......................................................................................................... 102
4.7.2 WiFi Connectivity Providers ............................................................................................................ 102
4.7.3 SCaaS Providers ............................................................................................................................... 102
4.8 SON Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................................ 103
4.8.1 SON Solution Providers ................................................................................................................... 103
4.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem.............................................................................................................................. 103
4.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers ....................................................................................................................... 103
4.10 Vendor Landscape: Consolidation & Acquisitions Lead the Way ............................................................. 104
4.10.1 Broadcom Acquires Percello – Q4’2010 .......................................................................................... 104
4.10.2 Radisys Acquires Continuous Computing – Q4’2010 ...................................................................... 104
4.10.3 Alvarion Acquires Wavion – Q4’2011 .............................................................................................. 104
4.10.4 Mindspeed Technologies Acquires picoChip – Q1’2012 ................................................................. 105
4.10.5 Ericsson Acquires BelAir Networks – Q2’2012 ................................................................................ 105
4.10.6 Crown Castle Acquires NextG Networks – Q2’2012 ........................................................................ 105
4.10.7 Qualcomm Acquires DesignArt Networks – Q3’2012 ...................................................................... 105
4.10.8 Oracle Acquires Acme Packet – Q1’2013 ........................................................................................ 106
4.10.9 Oracle Acquires Tekelec – Q1’2013 ................................................................................................. 106
4.10.10 Cisco Acquires Ubiquisys – Q2’2013 ........................................................................................... 106
4.10.11 Cobham Acquires Axell Wireless– Q2’2013 ................................................................................ 107
4.10.12 Bird Technologies Acquires DeltaNode – Q3’2013 ..................................................................... 107
4.10.13 Intel Acquires Mindspeed’s Wireless Assets – Q4’2013 ............................................................. 107
4.10.14 Intel Acquires LSI’s Axxia Networking Business – Q3’2014 ......................................................... 107
5 Chapter 5: HetNet Deployment Models ......................................................... 108
5.1 Small Cell, DAS & C-RAN Deployment Models ......................................................................................... 108
5.1.1 Consumer (Indoor) Deployment Models ......................................................................................... 108
5.1.1.1 Home/Residential ....................................................................................................................................... 108
5.1.1.2 Enterprise .................................................................................................................................................... 108
5.1.2 Carrier Deployment Models ............................................................................................................ 109
5.1.2.1 Indoor ......................................................................................................................................................... 109
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5.1.2.2 Metro .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
5.1.2.3 Rural ............................................................................................................................................................ 109
5.1.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) ....................................................................................................... 111
5.2 Carrier WiFi Deployment Models ............................................................................................................. 112
5.2.1 Mobile Offload ................................................................................................................................ 112
5.2.2 SIM Based ........................................................................................................................................ 112
5.2.3 Enterprise ........................................................................................................................................ 112
5.2.4 Hotspot ............................................................................................................................................ 112
5.2.5 Wholesale ........................................................................................................................................ 112
5.2.6 Municipal WiFi ................................................................................................................................. 113
6 Chapter 6: Vertical Markets for HetNets ........................................................ 114
6.1 Residential ................................................................................................................................................ 114
6.2 Healthcare ................................................................................................................................................ 114
6.3 Higher Education ...................................................................................................................................... 114
6.4 Large Enterprises ...................................................................................................................................... 115
6.5 SMBs ......................................................................................................................................................... 115
6.6 Retail ........................................................................................................................................................ 115
6.7 Construction ............................................................................................................................................. 115
6.8 Public Sector ............................................................................................................................................. 116
6.9 Public Safety and Defense ........................................................................................................................ 116
7 Chapter 7: Small Cell Backhaul ....................................................................... 117
7.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology ............................................................................................................... 117
7.1.1 Ethernet over Copper ...................................................................................................................... 117
7.1.2 Ethernet over Fiber ......................................................................................................................... 117
7.1.3 DSL ................................................................................................................................................... 117
7.1.4 NLOS (Non-Line of Site) Microwave ................................................................................................ 118
7.1.5 PTP (Point to Point) Microwave – 6-60 GHz .................................................................................... 118
7.1.6 PTMP (Point to Multipoint) Microwave – 6-60 GHz ........................................................................ 118
7.1.7 Millimeter Wave (E-band) – Licensed and Unlicensed .................................................................... 118
7.1.8 Satellite Based Backhaul .................................................................................................................. 118
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7.2 Requirements for Small Cell Backhaul ..................................................................................................... 119
7.2.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening ....................................................................................... 119
7.2.2 Power Supply & Consumption ......................................................................................................... 119
7.2.3 Installation & Provisioning............................................................................................................... 119
7.2.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities ....................................................................................... 119
7.2.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost ................................................................................................... 120
7.3 Key Issues ................................................................................................................................................. 121
7.3.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? ............................................. 121
7.3.2 Coverage Challenges ....................................................................................................................... 121
7.3.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges ............................................................................................ 121
7.3.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? ............................. 122
7.3.5 Is there a market for Satellite based Small Cell Backhaul ............................................................... 122
7.3.6 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem ................................................................................ 122
8 Chapter 8: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives ....................................... 123
8.1 Small Cell Forum ...................................................................................................................................... 123
8.1.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 123
8.1.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 123
8.1.3 Working Groups .............................................................................................................................. 124
8.1.3.1 Marketing and Promotions Group .............................................................................................................. 125
8.1.3.2 Radio & Physical Layer Group ..................................................................................................................... 125
8.1.3.3 Network Group ........................................................................................................................................... 125
8.1.3.4 Regulatory Group ........................................................................................................................................ 126
8.1.3.5 Services Group ............................................................................................................................................ 126
8.1.3.6 Interoperability Group ................................................................................................................................ 126
8.1.3.7 Special Interest Focus Groups: Backhaul, Deployment, LTE, Rural & 3GPP2 Standards ............................. 126
8.2 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) ........................................................................................................ 127
8.2.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 127
8.2.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 127
8.2.3 Working Groups .............................................................................................................................. 128
8.2.3.1 Business Workgroup ................................................................................................................................... 128
8.2.3.2 Industry Engagement Workgroup ............................................................................................................... 128
8.2.3.3 Roaming Workgroup ................................................................................................................................... 128
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8.3 WiFi Alliance ............................................................................................................................................. 129
8.3.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 129
8.3.2 Certification Programs ..................................................................................................................... 129
8.3.2.1 Core Certification ........................................................................................................................................ 129
8.3.2.2 Miracast ...................................................................................................................................................... 130
8.3.2.3 TDLS (Tunneled Direct Link Setup ) ............................................................................................................. 130
8.3.2.4 Passpoint ..................................................................................................................................................... 130
8.3.2.5 WiFi Direct .................................................................................................................................................. 131
8.3.2.6 WiFi Protected Setup .................................................................................................................................. 131
8.3.2.7 WMM (WiFi Multimedia) ............................................................................................................................ 131
8.3.2.8 WMM-Power Save ...................................................................................................................................... 131
8.3.2.9 Voice-Personal: Voice over WiFi ................................................................................................................. 131
8.3.2.10 Voice-Enterprise: Voice over WiFi .......................................................................................................... 132
8.3.2.11 CWG-RF .................................................................................................................................................. 132
8.3.2.12 WMM-Admission Control ...................................................................................................................... 132
8.3.2.13 IBSS with WiFi Protected Setup .............................................................................................................. 132
8.4 HetNet Forum .......................................................................................................................................... 133
8.4.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 133
8.4.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 133
8.4.3 Governance & Membership ............................................................................................................ 133
8.5 3GPP ......................................................................................................................................................... 135
8.5.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 135
8.5.2 Small Cell Standardization Activities ............................................................................................... 135
8.6 3GPP2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 137
8.6.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 137
8.6.2 Small Cell Standardization Activities ............................................................................................... 137
8.7 Broadband Forum .................................................................................................................................... 138
8.7.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 138
8.7.2 Small Cell Standardization Activities ............................................................................................... 138
8.8 WiMAX Forum .......................................................................................................................................... 139
8.8.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 139
8.8.2 Small Cell Standardization Activities ............................................................................................... 139
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8.9 Prominent Collaborations ........................................................................................................................ 141
8.9.1 WBA and WiFi Alliance .................................................................................................................... 141
8.9.2 Small Cell Forum and GSMA ............................................................................................................ 141
8.9.3 WBA, GSMA and Small Cell Forum .................................................................................................. 141
8.9.3.1 Integrating on a Network Level ................................................................................................................... 142
8.9.3.2 Setting the Stage for Advanced Traffic Management ................................................................................. 142
9 Chapter 9: HetNet Deployments .................................................................... 143
9.1 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Case Studies ........................................................................................... 143
9.1.1 BT ..................................................................................................................................................... 143
9.1.2 Cellcom ............................................................................................................................................ 143
9.1.3 Colt Telecom .................................................................................................................................... 144
9.1.4 Cloudberry Mobile ........................................................................................................................... 144
9.1.5 ClearSky ........................................................................................................................................... 144
9.1.6 Virgin Media .................................................................................................................................... 144
9.1.7 Ericsson & Phillips ............................................................................................................................ 145
9.1.8 Alcatel-Lucent & Towerstream ........................................................................................................ 145
9.2 Carrier WiFi .............................................................................................................................................. 145
9.2.1 AT&T Mobility .................................................................................................................................. 146
9.2.2 Comcast ........................................................................................................................................... 146
9.2.3 Cox Communications ....................................................................................................................... 146
9.2.4 MetroPCS ......................................................................................................................................... 147
9.2.5 Sprint ............................................................................................................................................... 147
9.2.6 T-Mobile USA ................................................................................................................................... 147
9.2.7 Verizon Wireless .............................................................................................................................. 147
9.2.8 Free Mobile ..................................................................................................................................... 148
9.2.9 BT ..................................................................................................................................................... 148
9.2.10 MegaFon .......................................................................................................................................... 148
9.2.11 Orange (France Telecom) ................................................................................................................ 149
9.2.12 Portugal Telecom............................................................................................................................. 149
9.2.13 Telefónica Moviles (Spain) .............................................................................................................. 149
9.2.14 T-Mobile Austria .............................................................................................................................. 149
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9.2.15 Zain Saudi Arabia ............................................................................................................................. 149
9.2.16 China Mobile ................................................................................................................................... 150
9.2.17 KDDI ................................................................................................................................................. 150
9.2.18 LG Uplus........................................................................................................................................... 150
9.2.19 NTT Broadband Platform ................................................................................................................. 150
9.2.20 TIM Brasil ......................................................................................................................................... 150
9.2.21 Other Carriers .................................................................................................................................. 151
9.3 Small Cell, DAS & C-RAN Deployments .................................................................................................... 151
9.3.1 AT&T Mobility .................................................................................................................................. 151
9.3.2 Beeline ............................................................................................................................................. 151
9.3.3 Bouygues Telecom........................................................................................................................... 152
9.3.4 China Mobile ................................................................................................................................... 152
9.3.5 China Unicom .................................................................................................................................. 152
9.3.6 Cosmote .......................................................................................................................................... 152
9.3.7 EE (Everything Everywhere) ............................................................................................................ 152
9.3.8 Free Mobile ..................................................................................................................................... 153
9.3.9 KDDI ................................................................................................................................................. 153
9.3.10 MegaFon .......................................................................................................................................... 153
9.3.11 Moldtelecom ................................................................................................................................... 153
9.3.12 Mosaic Telecom ............................................................................................................................... 153
9.3.13 MTC ................................................................................................................................................. 154
9.3.14 Movistar .......................................................................................................................................... 154
9.3.15 Network Norway ............................................................................................................................. 154
9.3.16 NTT DoCoMo ................................................................................................................................... 154
9.3.17 O2 (Telefonica UK) ........................................................................................................................... 154
9.3.18 Optimus Portugal ............................................................................................................................ 155
9.3.19 Optus ............................................................................................................................................... 155
9.3.20 Orange (Formerly France Telecom) ................................................................................................. 155
9.3.21 Orange Romania .............................................................................................................................. 155
9.3.22 SFR ................................................................................................................................................... 155
9.3.23 SingTel ............................................................................................................................................. 155
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9.3.24 SK Telecom ...................................................................................................................................... 155
9.3.25 SoftBank .......................................................................................................................................... 156
9.3.26 Sprint ............................................................................................................................................... 156
9.3.27 StarHub ............................................................................................................................................ 156
9.3.28 TOT Thailand .................................................................................................................................... 156
9.3.29 Three UK .......................................................................................................................................... 156
9.3.30 Verizon Wireless .............................................................................................................................. 157
9.3.31 Vodafone Australia .......................................................................................................................... 157
9.3.32 Vodafone Czech Republic ................................................................................................................ 157
9.3.33 Vodafone Germany ......................................................................................................................... 157
9.3.34 Vodafone Greece ............................................................................................................................. 157
9.3.35 Vodafone Hungary ........................................................................................................................... 157
9.3.36 Vodafone Ireland ............................................................................................................................. 158
9.3.37 Vodafone Italy ................................................................................................................................. 158
9.3.38 Vodafone Netherlands .................................................................................................................... 158
9.3.39 Vodafone New Zealand ................................................................................................................... 158
9.3.40 Vodafone Portugal ........................................................................................................................... 158
9.3.41 Vodafone Qatar ............................................................................................................................... 158
9.3.42 Vodafone Romania .......................................................................................................................... 158
9.3.43 Vodafone Spain ............................................................................................................................... 159
9.3.44 Vodafone UK .................................................................................................................................... 159
9.3.45 Zain Bahrain ..................................................................................................................................... 159
9.3.46 Other Commitments ........................................................................................................................ 159
9.4 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................................. 160
9.4.1 Sprint/Softbank Acquisition: Assessing the Impact on the Small Cells Ecosystem ......................... 160
9.4.2 The Impact of LTE & Small Cells on Tier 2/3 CDMA Carriers ........................................................... 161
9.4.3 What is the TCO Impact of HetNet Deployments? .......................................................................... 161
10 Chapter 10: Pure-Play Small Cell Vendors ...................................................... 162
10.1 Accelleran ................................................................................................................................................. 162
10.2 ADB ........................................................................................................................................................... 162
10.3 Airspan Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 163
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10.4 Alpha Networks ........................................................................................................................................ 164
10.5 Arcadyan Technology Corporation ........................................................................................................... 164
10.6 Artemis Networks .................................................................................................................................... 165
10.7 Anvaya Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 166
10.8 Argela ....................................................................................................................................................... 167
10.9 ARItel ........................................................................................................................................................ 167
10.10 Askey Computer Corporation .............................................................................................................. 168
10.11 Contela ................................................................................................................................................. 169
10.12 CS Corporation ..................................................................................................................................... 170
10.13 Dongwon T&I ....................................................................................................................................... 170
10.14 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) ........................................................................................... 171
10.15 Free ...................................................................................................................................................... 171
10.16 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) ................................................................................................... 172
10.17 HSL (Hay Systems Limited) ................................................................................................................... 173
10.18 ip.access ............................................................................................................................................... 174
10.19 Juni Global ........................................................................................................................................... 175
10.20 Lemko .................................................................................................................................................. 176
10.21 Minieum Networks .............................................................................................................................. 176
10.22 Nutaq/ NuRAN Wireless ...................................................................................................................... 177
10.23 Oceus Networks ................................................................................................................................... 177
10.24 Pace...................................................................................................................................................... 178
10.25 PureWave Networks ............................................................................................................................ 179
10.26 Quanta Computer ................................................................................................................................ 180
10.27 Sagemcom ........................................................................................................................................... 180
10.28 SK Telesys ............................................................................................................................................. 181
10.29 SpiderCloud Wireless ........................................................................................................................... 182
10.30 Star Solutions ....................................................................................................................................... 183
10.31 Technicolor .......................................................................................................................................... 184
10.32 Tecom .................................................................................................................................................. 184
10.33 TEKTELIC Communications .................................................................................................................. 185
10.34 Telum ................................................................................................................................................... 185
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10.35 Qucell ................................................................................................................................................... 186
10.36 Ubee Interactive .................................................................................................................................. 186
10.37 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) ................................................................................................... 187
10.38 Z-com (ZDC Wireless) ........................................................................................................................... 188
11 Chapter 11: DAS, RRH & Repeater Solution Providers .................................... 189
11.1 AceAxis ..................................................................................................................................................... 189
11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) ........................................................................................................... 189
11.3 Affarii Technologies .................................................................................................................................. 190
11.4 American Tower Corporation ................................................................................................................... 190
11.5 Arqiva ....................................................................................................................................................... 190
11.6 Axell Wireless/Cobham ............................................................................................................................ 191
11.7 Axis Teknologies ....................................................................................................................................... 192
11.8 Black Box Corporation .............................................................................................................................. 193
11.9 BTI Wireless .............................................................................................................................................. 193
11.10 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) ............................................................................................... 194
11.11 CCI (Crown Castle International).......................................................................................................... 194
11.12 CCI Systems .......................................................................................................................................... 195
11.13 CSI (Cellular Specialities, Inc.)/Westell Technologies .......................................................................... 196
11.14 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings ...................................................................................................... 196
11.15 CommScope ......................................................................................................................................... 197
11.16 Corning MobileAccess .......................................................................................................................... 198
11.17 Dali Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 199
11.18 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) ............................................................................................................ 200
11.19 Ethertronics ......................................................................................................................................... 201
11.20 ExteNet Systems .................................................................................................................................. 201
11.21 Foxcom ................................................................................................................................................. 202
11.22 Galtronics ............................................................................................................................................. 202
11.23 Goodman Networks ............................................................................................................................. 202
11.24 IDS Technology Solutions ..................................................................................................................... 203
11.25 JMA Wireless........................................................................................................................................ 204
11.26 KMW Communications ........................................................................................................................ 204
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11.27 Kathrein-Werke KG .............................................................................................................................. 205
11.28 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions ............................................................................................................. 206
11.29 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) .................................................................................................... 206
11.30 Nexius .................................................................................................................................................. 207
11.31 RF Window ........................................................................................................................................... 207
11.32 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) ........................................................................................................... 208
11.33 Rosenberger ......................................................................................................................................... 209
11.34 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) ................................................................................................................. 209
11.35 Sumitomo Electric Industries ............................................................................................................... 210
11.36 TE Connectivity .................................................................................................................................... 210
11.37 TESSCO Technologies ........................................................................................................................... 211
11.38 Wi-Ex .................................................................................................................................................... 211
11.39 Wilson Electronics ................................................................................................................................ 212
11.40 Zinwave/McWane ................................................................................................................................ 212
12 Chapter 12: Carrier WiFi Focused Vendors ..................................................... 214
12.1 4ipnet ....................................................................................................................................................... 214
12.2 ADTRAN .................................................................................................................................................... 215
12.3 Aerohive ................................................................................................................................................... 215
12.4 Alvarion (Wavion) .................................................................................................................................... 216
12.5 Aruba Networks ....................................................................................................................................... 216
12.6 Browan Communications ......................................................................................................................... 217
12.7 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.)/WyTec International ........................................................................ 218
12.8 CeedTec .................................................................................................................................................... 218
12.9 D-Link Corporation ................................................................................................................................... 219
12.10 Edgewater Wireless Systems ............................................................................................................... 219
12.11 EION Wireless ...................................................................................................................................... 220
12.12 Extreme Networks ............................................................................................................................... 221
12.13 Firetide ................................................................................................................................................. 221
12.14 Fortinet ................................................................................................................................................ 221
12.15 Gemtek Technology ............................................................................................................................. 222
12.16 GoNet Systems ..................................................................................................................................... 222
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12.17 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) ............................................................................................ 223
12.18 Handlink Technologies ......................................................................................................................... 224
12.19 Meru Networks .................................................................................................................................... 224
12.20 Motorola Solutions (Zebra Technologies) ............................................................................................ 224
12.21 NETGEAR .............................................................................................................................................. 225
12.22 Nomadix ............................................................................................................................................... 225
12.23 Option N.V. .......................................................................................................................................... 226
12.24 Proxim Wireless ................................................................................................................................... 227
12.25 RFNet Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 228
12.26 Ro-Timak Technology........................................................................................................................... 228
12.27 Ruckus Wireless ................................................................................................................................... 228
12.28 Senao Networks ................................................................................................................................... 229
12.29 SerComm ............................................................................................................................................. 229
12.30 Shyam Telecom .................................................................................................................................... 230
12.31 TP-LINK ................................................................................................................................................. 231
12.32 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies ........................................................................................................... 231
12.33 Tropos Networks (ABB) ........................................................................................................................ 231
12.34 Ubiquiti Networks ................................................................................................................................ 232
12.35 ZyXEL .................................................................................................................................................... 232
13 Chapter 13: C-RAN Focused Solution Providers .............................................. 234
13.1 6WIND ...................................................................................................................................................... 234
13.2 ADLINK Technology .................................................................................................................................. 235
13.3 Airvana ..................................................................................................................................................... 235
13.4 Altiostar Networks ................................................................................................................................... 236
13.5 ASOCS ....................................................................................................................................................... 237
13.6 Axxcelera .................................................................................................................................................. 238
13.7 Intel Corporation ...................................................................................................................................... 239
13.8 MTI Mobile ............................................................................................................................................... 241
14 Chapter 14: HetNet Focused SON Solution Providers ..................................... 242
14.1 AirHop Communications .......................................................................................................................... 242
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14.2 Amdocs ..................................................................................................................................................... 244
14.3 Astellia ...................................................................................................................................................... 246
14.4 Cellwize .................................................................................................................................................... 247
14.5 Celtro ........................................................................................................................................................ 248
14.6 Eden Rock Communications ..................................................................................................................... 249
14.7 InfoVista ................................................................................................................................................... 250
14.8 JDSU ......................................................................................................................................................... 251
14.9 Optulink .................................................................................................................................................... 252
14.10 P.I. Works ............................................................................................................................................. 253
14.11 RADCOM .............................................................................................................................................. 254
14.12 Reverb Networks ................................................................................................................................. 255
14.13 TEOCO .................................................................................................................................................. 256
14.14 Tulinx ................................................................................................................................................... 257
14.15 WebRadar ............................................................................................................................................ 258
14.16 Xceed Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 259
15 Chapter 15: Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Infrastructure Vendors ................ 260
15.1 Alcatel-Lucent .......................................................................................................................................... 260
15.2 Cisco ......................................................................................................................................................... 262
15.3 Datang Mobile .......................................................................................................................................... 264
15.4 Ericsson .................................................................................................................................................... 265
15.5 Ericsson-LG ............................................................................................................................................... 267
15.6 Fujitsu ....................................................................................................................................................... 268
15.7 Huawei ..................................................................................................................................................... 269
15.8 Hitachi ...................................................................................................................................................... 271
15.9 HP ............................................................................................................................................................. 273
15.10 Juniper Networks ................................................................................................................................. 274
15.11 Mitsubishi ............................................................................................................................................ 275
15.12 NEC....................................................................................................................................................... 276
15.13 New Postcom Equipment .................................................................................................................... 278
15.14 Nokia Networks ................................................................................................................................... 279
15.15 NTT DoCoMo ........................................................................................................................................ 281
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15.16 Samsung ............................................................................................................................................... 282
15.17 ZTE ....................................................................................................................................................... 283
16 Chapter 16: Chipset, Component, Software and Technology Vendors ............ 284
16.1 Ablaze Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 284
16.2 Accuris Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 285
16.3 ACS (Applied Communication Sciences)................................................................................................... 285
16.4 Adax ......................................................................................................................................................... 286
16.5 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) ......................................................................................................................... 287
16.6 Affirmed Networks ................................................................................................................................... 288
16.7 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) .............................................................................................................. 288
16.8 Altera ........................................................................................................................................................ 289
16.9 Aptilo Networks ....................................................................................................................................... 289
16.10 Aricent ................................................................................................................................................. 290
16.11 AWTG (Advanced Wireless Technology Group)................................................................................... 291
16.12 Azcom Technology ............................................................................................................................... 292
16.13 BandwidthX .......................................................................................................................................... 292
16.14 Birdstep Technology ASA ..................................................................................................................... 293
16.15 Blu Wireless Technology ...................................................................................................................... 293
16.16 Broadcom ............................................................................................................................................. 294
16.17 BSG Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 295
16.18 Casa Systems ........................................................................................................................................ 295
16.19 Cavium ................................................................................................................................................. 296
16.20 Coherent Logix ..................................................................................................................................... 297
16.21 Direct Beam ......................................................................................................................................... 297
16.22 Freescale Semiconductor ..................................................................................................................... 298
16.23 Front Porch .......................................................................................................................................... 299
16.24 GENBAND ............................................................................................................................................. 300
16.25 Green Packet ........................................................................................................................................ 300
16.26 iPosi ...................................................................................................................................................... 301
16.27 InterDigital ........................................................................................................................................... 301
16.28 Kineto Wireless .................................................................................................................................... 303
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16.29 Kumu Networks ................................................................................................................................... 304
16.30 Lattice Semiconductor ......................................................................................................................... 305
16.31 Lime Microsystems .............................................................................................................................. 306
16.32 Mavenir ................................................................................................................................................ 307
16.33 Maxim Integrated ................................................................................................................................ 308
16.34 Microsemi Corporation ........................................................................................................................ 309
16.35 MIMOon ............................................................................................................................................... 310
16.36 Nash Technologies ............................................................................................................................... 311
16.37 Netgem ................................................................................................................................................ 312
16.38 Node-H ................................................................................................................................................. 313
16.39 Nomor Research .................................................................................................................................. 314
16.40 Octasic ................................................................................................................................................. 315
16.41 Oracle Corporation .............................................................................................................................. 316
16.42 Pletronics ............................................................................................................................................. 316
16.43 PMC-Sierra ........................................................................................................................................... 317
16.44 Polaris Networks .................................................................................................................................. 318
16.45 Public Wireless ..................................................................................................................................... 319
16.46 Qualcomm ........................................................................................................................................... 320
16.47 Quortus ................................................................................................................................................ 322
16.48 Radisys ................................................................................................................................................. 323
16.49 Rakon ................................................................................................................................................... 324
16.50 Saguna Networks ................................................................................................................................. 325
16.51 SAI Technology ..................................................................................................................................... 326
16.52 Stoke .................................................................................................................................................... 327
16.53 Smith Micro Software .......................................................................................................................... 327
16.54 Syniverse Technologies ........................................................................................................................ 328
16.55 Tata Elxsi .............................................................................................................................................. 329
16.56 TI (Texas Instruments) ......................................................................................................................... 330
16.57 U-blox ................................................................................................................................................... 331
16.58 Vectron International .......................................................................................................................... 332
16.59 Vitesse Semiconductor ........................................................................................................................ 333
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16.60 Xilinx..................................................................................................................................................... 334
17 Chapter 17: Test & Measurement Solution Providers ..................................... 335
17.1 Anite ......................................................................................................................................................... 335
17.2 Anritsu Corporation ................................................................................................................................. 336
17.3 EDX Wireless ............................................................................................................................................ 337
17.4 ERCOM ..................................................................................................................................................... 338
17.5 EXFO ......................................................................................................................................................... 339
17.6 iBwave ...................................................................................................................................................... 340
17.7 Ixia ............................................................................................................................................................ 341
17.8 Keysight Technologies .............................................................................................................................. 342
17.9 VPIsystems ............................................................................................................................................... 343
17.10 WeFi ..................................................................................................................................................... 344
18 Chapter 18: WiFi Network Providers .............................................................. 345
18.1 AlwaysOn ................................................................................................................................................. 345
18.2 Boingo Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 345
18.3 BSkyB (The Cloud) .................................................................................................................................... 346
18.4 Devicescape Software .............................................................................................................................. 346
18.5 Fon Wireless ............................................................................................................................................. 347
18.6 iPass.......................................................................................................................................................... 348
18.7 Quadriga Worldwide ................................................................................................................................ 349
18.8 Towerstream Corporation ........................................................................................................................ 350
19 Chapter 19: Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers .................................... 351
19.1 3Roam ...................................................................................................................................................... 351
19.2 4RF ........................................................................................................................................................... 351
19.3 Accedian Networks .................................................................................................................................. 352
19.4 Actelis Networks ...................................................................................................................................... 352
19.5 Actiontec .................................................................................................................................................. 353
19.6 Actus Networks ........................................................................................................................................ 353
19.7 ADVA Optical Networking ........................................................................................................................ 353
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19.8 Advantech Wireless .................................................................................................................................. 354
19.9 ALAXALA Networks .................................................................................................................................. 355
19.10 Albis Technologies ............................................................................................................................... 355
19.11 ALCOMA ............................................................................................................................................... 355
19.12 Allied Data Technologies...................................................................................................................... 356
19.13 Allied Telesis ........................................................................................................................................ 356
19.14 Arris ...................................................................................................................................................... 356
19.15 Athena Wireless Communications ....................................................................................................... 357
19.16 Avanti Communications ....................................................................................................................... 358
19.17 Aviat Networks .................................................................................................................................... 359
19.18 AVM ..................................................................................................................................................... 360
19.19 Brocade ................................................................................................................................................ 360
19.20 BLiNQ Networks ................................................................................................................................... 361
19.21 BluWan ................................................................................................................................................ 362
19.22 BridgeWave Communications ............................................................................................................. 363
19.23 BTI Systems .......................................................................................................................................... 364
19.24 CableFree Solutions ............................................................................................................................. 365
19.25 Calix ...................................................................................................................................................... 365
19.26 Cambium Networks ............................................................................................................................. 366
19.27 Canoga Perkins..................................................................................................................................... 366
19.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies ............................................................................................................ 367
19.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) ...................................................................................... 367
19.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) .......................................................................................... 368
19.31 Ceragon ................................................................................................................................................ 369
19.32 Cielo Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 370
19.33 Ciena Corporation ................................................................................................................................ 370
19.34 Comtrend ............................................................................................................................................. 371
19.35 Corecess ............................................................................................................................................... 371
19.36 DASAN Networks ................................................................................................................................. 372
19.37 DragonWave ........................................................................................................................................ 372
19.38 E-Band Communications ...................................................................................................................... 373
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19.39 E-Blink .................................................................................................................................................. 374
19.40 ECI Telecom ......................................................................................................................................... 375
19.41 Elva-1 (Elva-Link) .................................................................................................................................. 375
19.42 Exalt Communications ......................................................................................................................... 376
19.43 FastBack Networks ............................................................................................................................... 376
19.44 Fiberhome Technologies ...................................................................................................................... 377
19.45 FibroLan ............................................................................................................................................... 377
19.46 Genmix Technology ............................................................................................................................. 378
19.47 Gilat Satellite Networks ....................................................................................................................... 378
19.48 HFR ....................................................................................................................................................... 379
19.49 Huahuan............................................................................................................................................... 379
19.50 Hughes Network Systems .................................................................................................................... 380
19.51 HXI ........................................................................................................................................................ 380
19.52 iDirect................................................................................................................................................... 381
19.53 Intracom Telecom ................................................................................................................................ 382
19.54 IPITEK ................................................................................................................................................... 382
19.55 Iskratel ................................................................................................................................................. 383
19.56 KEYMILE ............................................................................................................................................... 383
19.57 LightPointe Communications ............................................................................................................... 383
19.58 Loea Corporation ................................................................................................................................. 384
19.59 MAX4G ................................................................................................................................................. 385
19.60 Microwave Networks ........................................................................................................................... 385
19.61 MIMOtech ............................................................................................................................................ 386
19.62 MRV Communications ......................................................................................................................... 387
19.63 Nexcomm Systems ............................................................................................................................... 387
19.64 NexxComm Wireless ............................................................................................................................ 387
19.65 Omnitron Systems ............................................................................................................................... 388
19.66 OneAccess Networks ........................................................................................................................... 388
19.67 Overture Networks .............................................................................................................................. 388
19.68 Polewall ................................................................................................................................................ 389
19.69 Positron ................................................................................................................................................ 390
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19.70 RACOM ................................................................................................................................................. 390
19.71 RAD Data Communications .................................................................................................................. 390
19.72 RADWIN ............................................................................................................................................... 391
19.73 Redline Communications ..................................................................................................................... 392
19.74 SAF Tehnika .......................................................................................................................................... 392
19.75 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica).................................................................................... 392
19.76 Siklu ...................................................................................................................................................... 393
19.77 SkyFiber................................................................................................................................................ 394
19.78 SMC Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 394
19.79 Solectek ................................................................................................................................................ 394
19.80 Star Microwave .................................................................................................................................... 395
19.81 Sub10 Systems ..................................................................................................................................... 395
19.82 Taqua ................................................................................................................................................... 396
19.83 Tarana Wireless ................................................................................................................................... 397
19.84 Telco Systems ...................................................................................................................................... 398
19.85 Tellabs .................................................................................................................................................. 398
19.86 Tellion .................................................................................................................................................. 399
19.87 Tellumat ............................................................................................................................................... 400
19.88 Telrad Networks................................................................................................................................... 400
19.89 Telsey ................................................................................................................................................... 401
19.90 Tilgin..................................................................................................................................................... 401
19.91 Trango Systems .................................................................................................................................... 402
19.92 Transmode ........................................................................................................................................... 402
19.93 Ubiquoss .............................................................................................................................................. 403
19.94 UTStarcom ........................................................................................................................................... 403
19.95 Vubiq Networks ................................................................................................................................... 403
19.96 Wave1 .................................................................................................................................................. 404
19.97 Wavesight ............................................................................................................................................ 405
19.98 Xavi Technologies ................................................................................................................................ 405
19.99 Yamaha ................................................................................................................................................ 405
19.100 Zhone Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 406
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20 Chapter 20: Market Analysis and Forecasts .................................................... 407
20.1 The Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Market: 2014 – 2020 ...................................................................... 407
20.1.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base ............................................................................... 407
20.1.1.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base Compared ..................................................................... 408
20.1.1.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region ................................................................................. 408
20.1.2 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue .......................................................... 409
20.1.2.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue Compared................................................ 410
20.1.2.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region ............................................................ 411
20.1.3 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue .................................................................. 412
20.1.3.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue Compared ........................................................ 412
20.1.3.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue by Region .................................................................... 413
20.2 The Global Small Cell Market: 2014 – 2020 ............................................................................................. 414
20.2.1 Global Throughput of Small Cell Data Traffic .................................................................................. 414
20.2.2 Global Small Cell Installed Base ....................................................................................................... 414
20.2.3 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro) .................................................. 415
20.2.3.1 Global Femtocell Installed Base ............................................................................................................. 415
20.2.3.2 Global Picocell Installed Base ................................................................................................................. 416
20.2.3.3 Global Microcell Installed Base .............................................................................................................. 416
20.2.4 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural) 417
20.2.4.1 Home/Residential Small Cell Installed Base ........................................................................................... 418
20.2.4.2 Enterprise Small Cell Installed Base ....................................................................................................... 418
20.2.4.3 Metro Small Cell Installed Base .............................................................................................................. 419
20.2.4.4 Rural Small Cell Installed Base ................................................................................................................ 419
20.2.5 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G) .................. 420
20.2.5.1 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Installed Base .............................................................. 421
20.2.5.2 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Installed Base ............................................................................................. 421
20.2.6 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX) ......................................................................................................................... 422
20.2.6.1 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Installed Base ...................................................................................... 422
20.2.6.2 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Installed Base .......................................................................................... 423
20.2.6.3 LTE FDD Small Cell Installed Base ........................................................................................................... 423
20.2.6.4 TD-LTE Small Cell Installed Base ............................................................................................................. 424
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20.2.6.5 WiMAX Small Cell Installed Base ............................................................................................................ 424
20.2.7 Small Cell Installed Base by Region ................................................................................................. 425
20.2.8 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue .................................................................................. 425
20.2.9 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro) ............................. 427
20.2.9.1 Global Femtocell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................ 428
20.2.9.2 Global Picocell Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................................................................ 429
20.2.9.3 Global Microcell Unit Shipments & Revenue ......................................................................................... 430
20.2.10 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural) ................................................................................................................................. 431
20.2.10.1 Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ...................................................................... 432
20.2.10.2 Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue................................................................................... 433
20.2.10.3 Metro Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ......................................................................................... 434
20.2.10.4 Rural Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................... 435
20.2.11 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G) 436
20.2.11.1 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ......................................... 437
20.2.11.2 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................ 438
20.2.12 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX) ................................................................................................ 439
20.2.12.1 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................ 440
20.2.12.2 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ..................................................................... 441
20.2.12.3 LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ...................................................................................... 442
20.2.12.4 TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................ 443
20.2.12.5 WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ....................................................................................... 444
20.2.13 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region ........................................................................ 445
20.2.14 Global Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue ......................................................................... 446
20.2.15 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region .................................................................... 446
20.3 The Global Carrier WiFi Market: 2014 – 2020 .......................................................................................... 447
20.3.1 Global Throughput of Carrier WiFi Data Traffic ............................................................................... 447
20.3.2 Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base ................................................................................................... 447
20.3.3 Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers).. 448
20.3.3.1 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base ..................................................................................... 448
20.3.3.2 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Installed Base .................................................................... 449
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20.3.4 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi) ..................................................................................................................... 449
20.3.4.1 Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Installed Base ............................................................................... 450
20.3.4.2 Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Installed Base ................................................................. 450
20.3.5 Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region .............................................................................................. 451
20.3.6 Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue .............................................................................. 452
20.3.7 Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers) ...................................................................................................................................................... 453
20.3.7.1 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................ 454
20.3.7.2 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................... 455
20.3.8 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi) ............................................................................................... 456
20.3.8.1 Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................... 457
20.3.8.2 Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue................................. 458
20.3.9 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region ......................................................................... 459
20.3.10 Global Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue ...................................................................... 460
20.3.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region ................................................................ 460
20.4 The Global SCaaS Market: 2014 – 2020 ................................................................................................... 461
20.4.1 Global SCaaS Revenue ..................................................................................................................... 461
20.4.2 SCaaS Revenue by Region ............................................................................................................... 461
20.5 The Global Small Cell Backhaul Market: 2014 – 2020 .............................................................................. 462
20.5.1 Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ....................................................................... 462
20.5.2 Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Technology ............................................... 463
20.5.2.1 Ethernet over Copper Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ...................................................... 464
20.5.2.2 Ethernet over Fiber Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending .......................................................... 464
20.5.2.3 DSL Modems and DSLAMs Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ............................................... 465
20.5.2.4 NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ...................................... 465
20.5.2.5 PTP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ............................................... 466
20.5.2.6 PTMP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ............................................ 466
20.5.2.7 Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending .............................. 467
20.5.2.8 Millimeter Wave (Licensed 71-76GHz, 81-86GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ........... 467
20.5.2.9 Satellite Based Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ................................................................. 468
20.5.3 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Region .................................................................. 468
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20.6 The Global DAS Market: 2014 – 2020 ...................................................................................................... 469
20.6.1 Global Throughput of DAS Data Traffic ........................................................................................... 469
20.6.2 Global DAS Infrastructure Spending ................................................................................................ 469
20.6.3 DAS Infrastructure Spending by Region .......................................................................................... 470
20.7 The Global C-RAN Market: 2014 – 2020 .................................................................................................. 471
20.7.1 Global C-RAN Infrastructure Spending ............................................................................................ 471
20.7.2 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending by Region ....................................................................................... 471
20.8 The Global SON Market: 2014 – 2020 ...................................................................................................... 472
20.8.1 Global SON Solution Spending ........................................................................................................ 472
20.8.2 SON Solution Spending by Region ................................................................................................... 472
20.9 The Global Mobile Network Data Service Market: 2014 – 2020 .............................................................. 473
20.9.1 Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ............................................................................... 473
20.9.2 Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Access Network Type (Macrocell, C-RAN, Small Cell, Carrier WiFi, DAS) ..................................................................................................................................... 473
20.9.2.1 Macrocell & C-RAN based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ........................................................ 474
20.9.2.2 Small Cell based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ....................................................................... 474
20.9.2.3 Carrier WiFi based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ................................................................... 475
20.9.2.4 DAS based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ................................................................................ 475
20.9.3 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Region .......................................................................... 476
20.10 North America Market: 2014 – 2020 ................................................................................................... 477
20.10.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in North America ...................................... 477
20.10.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in North America .......................................................... 477
20.10.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America .......................................................... 478
20.10.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America ..................................... 478
20.10.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in North America ............................................. 479
20.10.6 Small Cell Installed Base in North America ................................................................................. 480
20.10.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America ............................................................ 480
20.10.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America ........................................................ 481
20.10.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America .............................................................................. 482
20.10.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America ......................................................... 482
20.10.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America ..................................................... 483
20.10.12 SCaaS Revenue in North America ............................................................................................... 484
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20.10.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in North America .................................................. 484
20.10.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in North America .......................................................................... 485
20.10.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in North America ...................................................................... 485
20.10.16 SON Solution Spending in North America ................................................................................... 486
20.11 Asia Pacific Market: 2014 – 2020 ......................................................................................................... 487
20.11.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Asia Pacific ........................................... 487
20.11.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific ................................................................ 487
20.11.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific ............................................................... 488
20.11.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific .......................................... 488
20.11.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific ................................................... 489
20.11.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Asia Pacific ....................................................................................... 490
20.11.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific .................................................................. 490
20.11.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific .............................................................. 491
20.11.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific ................................................................................... 492
20.11.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific .............................................................. 492
20.11.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific .......................................................... 493
20.11.12 SCaaS Revenue in Asia Pacific ..................................................................................................... 494
20.11.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific ........................................................ 494
20.11.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific ................................................................................ 495
20.11.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific ............................................................................ 495
20.11.16 SON Solution Spending in Asia Pacific ......................................................................................... 496
20.12 Western Europe Market: 2014 – 2020 ................................................................................................ 497
20.12.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Western Europe ................................... 497
20.12.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Western Europe ....................................................... 497
20.12.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe ....................................................... 498
20.12.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe .................................. 498
20.12.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Western Europe .......................................... 499
20.12.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Western Europe ............................................................................... 500
20.12.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe .......................................................... 500
20.12.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe ...................................................... 501
20.12.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe ........................................................................... 502
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20.12.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe ...................................................... 502
20.12.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe .................................................. 503
20.12.12 SCaaS Revenue in Western Europe ............................................................................................. 504
20.12.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe ............................................... 504
20.12.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe ........................................................................ 505
20.12.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe .................................................................... 505
20.12.16 SON Solution Spending in Western Europe ................................................................................ 506
20.13 Eastern Europe Market: 2014 – 2020 .................................................................................................. 507
20.13.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Eastern Europe ..................................... 507
20.13.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe ......................................................... 507
20.13.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe ......................................................... 508
20.13.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe .................................... 508
20.13.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe ............................................ 509
20.13.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Eastern Europe ................................................................................ 510
20.13.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe ........................................................... 510
20.13.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe ....................................................... 511
20.13.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe ............................................................................. 512
20.13.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe ........................................................ 512
20.13.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe .................................................... 513
20.13.12 SCaaS Revenue in Eastern Europe .............................................................................................. 514
20.13.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe ................................................. 514
20.13.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe ......................................................................... 515
20.13.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe...................................................................... 515
20.13.16 SON Solution Spending in Eastern Europe .................................................................................. 516
20.14 Middle East & Africa Market: 2014 – 2020 .......................................................................................... 517
20.14.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Middle East & Africa ............................ 517
20.14.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa ................................................. 517
20.14.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa ................................................ 518
20.14.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa ........................... 518
20.14.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa .................................... 519
20.14.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Middle East & Africa ........................................................................ 520
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20.14.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa ................................................... 520
20.14.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa ............................................... 521
20.14.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa .................................................................... 522
20.14.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa ............................................... 522
20.14.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa............................................ 523
20.14.12 SCaaS Revenue in Middle East & Africa ...................................................................................... 524
20.14.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa ......................................... 524
20.14.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa ................................................................. 525
20.14.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa ............................................................. 525
20.14.16 SON Solution Spending in Middle East & Africa .......................................................................... 526
20.15 Latin & Central America Market: 2014 – 2020 .................................................................................... 527
20.15.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Latin & Central America ....................... 527
20.15.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America ........................................... 527
20.15.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America ........................................... 528
20.15.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America ...................... 528
20.15.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America .............................. 529
20.15.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Latin & Central America ................................................................... 530
20.15.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America.............................................. 530
20.15.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America .......................................... 531
20.15.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America ............................................................... 532
20.15.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America .......................................... 532
20.15.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America ...................................... 533
20.15.12 SCaaS Revenue in Latin & Central America ................................................................................. 534
20.15.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America ................................... 534
20.15.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America ............................................................ 535
20.15.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America ........................................................ 535
20.15.16 SON Solution Spending in Latin & Central America .................................................................... 536
21 Chapter 21: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations ............................... 537
21.1 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of Small Cell Form Factors .......................... 537
21.2 SON Integration is Key.............................................................................................................................. 537
21.3 Mobile Fronthaul: Opportunities Beyond C-RAN ..................................................................................... 539
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21.4 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Networks ...................................... 541
21.5 WiFi Integration: The Emerging Market for WiFi Enabled LTE Gateways ................................................ 544
21.6 Prospects of Enterprise RAN Deployments .............................................................................................. 546
21.7 Network Visibility & OAM ........................................................................................................................ 547
21.8 Addressing Network Security: IPsec ......................................................................................................... 547
21.9 Small Cells, WiFi C-RAN or DAS: Which Implementation will lead HetNet Deployments? ...................... 548
21.10 Rise of the Non-Macro Vendors .......................................................................................................... 548
21.11 The Opportunity for Small Cells in Emerging Rural Markets ............................................................... 549
21.12 Strategic Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 550
21.12.1 Recommendations for HetNet Solution Vendors ....................................................................... 550
21.12.2 Recommendations for Wireless Carriers .................................................................................... 550
21.12.3 Recommendations for Macrocell Infrastructure Vendors .......................................................... 551
21.12.4 Recommendations for Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers ............................................... 551
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Global LTE Subscriptions by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
Figure 2: HetNet Architecture ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 56
Figure 3: Small Cell Coverage Range Comparison ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 4: Small Cell Characteristics & Comparison to Macrocells .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 5: Mobile Network Data Offloading via WiFi ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Figure 6: C-RAN Architecture.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 7: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 8: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Type (Macrocell, C-RAN, Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS): 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ................................... 70
Figure 9: Global DAS Spending: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Figure 10: Iuh based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network............................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 11: Iub based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network............................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 12: S1 Interface based Small Cell Integration in an LTE Network .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Figure 13: HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2010 - 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Figure 14: Annual Global Throughput of Small Cells and Carrier WiFi Data Networks: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ............................................................................................................................... 96
Figure 15: The HetNet Value Chain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
Figure 16: SCaaS Provider and Wireless Carrier Responsibilities in a SCaaS Offering......................................................................................................................................................................111
Figure 17: Small Cell Forum’s Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................124
Figure 18: Small Cell Forum Working Groups ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................125
Figure 19: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................407
Figure 20: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base Compared: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................408
Figure 21: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................................408
Figure 22: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................409
Figure 23: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .........................................................................................................................................................409
Figure 24: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments Compared: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................................410
Figure 25: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue Compared: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................................410
Figure 26: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................411
Figure 27: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................411
Figure 28: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................412
Figure 29: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................412
Figure 30: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................413
Figure 31: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic over Small Cells: 2010 - 2020 (Exabytes)............................................................................................................................414
Figure 32: Global Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................................414
Figure 33: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................415
Figure 34: Global Femtocell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................................415
Figure 35: Global Picocell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................................................................416
Figure 36: Global Microcell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................................................416
Figure 37: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................417
Figure 38: Home/Residential Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................418
Figure 39: Enterprise Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................................418
Figure 40: Metro Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................................419
Figure 41: Rural Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................................................................................................419
Figure 42: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................420
Figure 43: 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM-WCDMA) Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................421
Figure 44: 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................421
Figure 45: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................422
Figure 46: GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................................................................................422
Figure 47: CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................423
Figure 48: LTE FDD Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................................423
Figure 49: TD-LTE Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................................................................424
Figure 50: WiMAX Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................................424
Figure 51: Small Cell Installed Base by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................................425
Figure 52: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) .................................................................................................................................................................................425
Figure 53: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................426
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Figure 54: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro): 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) ..............................................................................................................................427
Figure 55: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................427
Figure 56: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) .................................................................................................................................................................................428
Figure 57: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................................428
Figure 58: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) ....................................................................................................................................................................................429
Figure 59: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................................................................................429
Figure 60: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units)..................................................................................................................................................................................430
Figure 61: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................430
Figure 62: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model (Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................431
Figure 63: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model (Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................431
Figure 64: Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................432
Figure 65: Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................432
Figure 66: Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units).......................................................................................................................................................................433
Figure 67: Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................................433
Figure 68: Metro Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................................434
Figure 69: Metro Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................434
Figure 70: Rural Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................................................................435
Figure 71: Rural Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................................................................435
Figure 72: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................436
Figure 73: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)..............................................................................................436
Figure 74: 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................437
Figure 75: 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................437
Figure 76: 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................438
Figure 77: 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................438
Figure 78: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD, TD-LTE, WiMAX): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................439
Figure 79: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD, TD-LTE, WiMAX): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................439
Figure 80: GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .....................................................................................................................................................440
Figure 81: GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million).........................................................................................................................................................440
Figure 82: CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................441
Figure 83: CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million).............................................................................................................................................................441
Figure 84: LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................................442
Figure 85: LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................................................442
Figure 86: TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................................443
Figure 87: TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................................443
Figure 88: WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................................................444
Figure 89: WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................................444
Figure 90: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................................445
Figure 91: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)...........................................................................................................................................................................445
Figure 92: Global Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................................446
Figure 93: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................................446
Figure 94: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic over Carrier WiFi: 2010 - 2020 (Exabytes) ..........................................................................................................................447
Figure 95: Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)............................................................................................................................................................................447
Figure 96: Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................448
Figure 97: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................448
Figure 98: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units).......................................................................................................................................449
Figure 99: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................449
Figure 100: Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................450
Figure 101: Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................................................450
Figure 102: Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................................................................451
Figure 103: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................................452
Figure 104: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................................452
Figure 105: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................453
Figure 106: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................453
Figure 107: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................................454
Figure 108: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................................................................................454
Figure 109: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................455
Figure 110: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................455
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Figure 111: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)...................456
Figure 112: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................456
Figure 113: Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................457
Figure 114: Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................457
Figure 115: Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................458
Figure 116: Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................458
Figure 117: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................................................459
Figure 118: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................................459
Figure 119: Global Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................................460
Figure 120: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion)..............................................................................................................................................................460
Figure 121: Global SCaaS Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................461
Figure 122: SCaaS Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................................................................................................................461
Figure 123: Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................462
Figure 124: Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................463
Figure 125: Ethernet over Copper Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................464
Figure 126: Ethernet over Fiber Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...........................................................................................................................................464
Figure 127: DSL Modems and DSLAMs Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................465
Figure 128: NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................465
Figure 129: PTP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................466
Figure 130: PTMP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................466
Figure 131: Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................467
Figure 132: Millimeter Wave (Licensed 71-76GHz, 81-86GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................467
Figure 133: Satellite Based Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................................468
Figure 134: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................468
Figure 135: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic over DAS: 2010 - 2020 (Exabytes) ....................................................................................................................................469
Figure 136: Global DAS Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................................................469
Figure 137: DAS Infrastructure Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................................................................................470
Figure 138: Global C-RAN Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ....................................................................................................................................................................................471
Figure 139: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)..............................................................................................................................................................................471
Figure 140: Global SON Solution Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................................................................................472
Figure 141: SON Solution Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................472
Figure 142: Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................................473
Figure 143: Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Access Network Type (Macrocell, Small Cell, Carrier WiFi, DAS): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................473
Figure 144: Macrocell & C-RAN based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..........................................................................................................................................474
Figure 145: Small Cell based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................................474
Figure 146: Carrier WiFi based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .....................................................................................................................................................475
Figure 147: DAS based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................................475
Figure 148: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................................................................................476
Figure 149: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in North America: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes)..................................................................................................................................477
Figure 150: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................................................................................477
Figure 151: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)......................................................................................................................................478
Figure 152: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................478
Figure 153: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................................................................479
Figure 154: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...........................................................................................................................................479
Figure 155: Small Cell Installed Base in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................480
Figure 156: Small Cell Unit Shipments in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................480
Figure 157: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................................481
Figure 158: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................................................................481
Figure 159: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................482
Figure 160: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................................................................................................................................482
Figure 161: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................483
Figure 162: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................................................483
Figure 163: SCaaS Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion)............................................................................................................................................................................................484
Figure 164: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................484
Figure 165: DAS Infrastructure Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................................................................................485
Figure 166: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................................................485
Figure 167: SON Solution Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................................486
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Figure 168: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Asia Pacific: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) .......................................................................................................................................487
Figure 169: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)............................................................................................................................................................487
Figure 170: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................488
Figure 171: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................488
Figure 172: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................489
Figure 173: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................................489
Figure 174: Small Cell Installed Base in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................................................490
Figure 175: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)................................................................................................................................................................490
Figure 176: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................................................................491
Figure 177: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...........................................................................................................................................................491
Figure 178: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)...............................................................................................................................................................492
Figure 179: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................492
Figure 180: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................493
Figure 181: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................493
Figure 182: SCaaS Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................................................................494
Figure 183: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................494
Figure 184: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................................495
Figure 185: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................................................................495
Figure 186: SON Solution Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................................................496
Figure 187: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Western Europe: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ...............................................................................................................................497
Figure 188: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................................................497
Figure 189: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................498
Figure 190: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units).................................................................................................................................498
Figure 191: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................499
Figure 192: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................499
Figure 193: Small Cell Installed Base in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................500
Figure 194: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................500
Figure 195: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...........................................................................................................................................................501
Figure 196: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................501
Figure 197: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................................................................................................................................502
Figure 198: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................................................502
Figure 199: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................................503
Figure 200: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................................503
Figure 201: SCaaS Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................................................................504
Figure 202: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................504
Figure 203: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion).....................................................................................................................................................................505
Figure 204: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................505
Figure 205: SON Solution Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................................................506
Figure 206: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Eastern Europe: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) .................................................................................................................................507
Figure 207: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................507
Figure 208: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .....................................................................................................................................508
Figure 209: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................508
Figure 210: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................509
Figure 211: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..........................................................................................................................................509
Figure 212: Small Cell Installed Base in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................................510
Figure 213: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................510
Figure 214: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................................511
Figure 215: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .....................................................................................................................................................511
Figure 216: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................................................................................512
Figure 217: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)......................................................................................................................................................512
Figure 218: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .........................................................................................................................................................513
Figure 219: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................513
Figure 220: SCaaS Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................514
Figure 221: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................514
Figure 222: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................................................................................515
Figure 223: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................................................................................515
Figure 224: SON Solution Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................................................516
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Figure 225: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Middle East & Africa: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) .........................................................................................................................517
Figure 226: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................517
Figure 227: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................518
Figure 228: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................518
Figure 229: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................519
Figure 230: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................................519
Figure 231: Small Cell Installed Base in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)....................................................................................................................................................520
Figure 232: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................................................................520
Figure 233: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................521
Figure 234: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................521
Figure 235: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................522
Figure 236: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)..............................................................................................................................................522
Figure 237: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................................................................523
Figure 238: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................523
Figure 239: SCaaS Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................................................524
Figure 240: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................524
Figure 241: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..............................................................................................................................................................525
Figure 242: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .........................................................................................................................................................525
Figure 243: SON Solution Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................................526
Figure 244: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Latin & Central America: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ...................................................................................................................527
Figure 245: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................................527
Figure 246: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................528
Figure 247: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .....................................................................................................................528
Figure 248: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................529
Figure 249: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................................................................529
Figure 250: Small Cell Installed Base in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................................530
Figure 251: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................530
Figure 252: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................531
Figure 253: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion)........................................................................................................................................531
Figure 254: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................532
Figure 255: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................................................................532
Figure 256: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)............................................................................................................................................533
Figure 257: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ....................................................................................................................................533
Figure 258: SCaaS Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................................534
Figure 259: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................534
Figure 260: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................................535
Figure 261: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................535
Figure 262: SON Solution Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................536
Figure 263: Global HetNet Centric SON Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................................................538
Figure 264: Mobile Fronthaul Investments by Region: 2014 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................................540
Figure 265: TCO Comparison between LTE and LMR Technologies ................................................................................................................................................................................................541
Figure 266: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Shipments: 2014 – 2020 .........................................................................................................................................................542
Figure 267: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Shipment Revenue: 2014 – 2020 ($ Million) ...........................................................................................................................543
Figure 268: WiFi Enabled LTE Gateway Unit Shipments by Region: 2014 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................545
Figure 269: WiFi Enabled LTE Gateway Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2014 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................545
Figure 270: Global Spending on Enterprise RAN Solutions: 2014 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................................................546
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1 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Executive Summary
Driven by in-building wireless coverage requirements and the growing influx of mobile
broadband data traffic, a traditional macrocell based cellular network deployment is not
deemed to be a sufficient solution to address the coverage and capacity needs of today’s
wireless subscribers.
Wireless carriers are thus exploring options to offload additional coverage and capacity to
alternatives such as strategically deployed small cells and WiFi access points, which have
so far been deployed by more than 200 global wireless carriers. Adding further to the
heterogeneity are alternative deployment models such as DAS (Distributed Antenna
Systems) and the emerging C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Networks) architecture which
concentrates the processing of the RAN segment of a mobile network in one or more,
centralized data centers.
Eyeing this lucrative opportunity for HetNet (Heterogeneous Network) deployments,
vendors across the highly fragmented wireless infrastructure value chain have become
increasingly innovative in their strategies and solution offerings which now support far
better coverage and capacity than traditional macrocell deployments alone, while
minimizing both CapEx and OpEx.
Similarly other players in the value chain are also exploiting new opportunities arising
from the shift towards HetNets. For example fixed line service providers are capitalizing on
the SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) concept by leveraging their backhaul infrastructure, to
ease future small cell rollouts.
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Driven by the thriving ecosystem, we expect small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and C-RAN
networks to account for over 50% of all mobile data traffic by the end of 2015, while
overall spending on HetNet infrastructure is expected to reach $20 Billion annually during
the same period.
This report presents an in-depth assessment of the global small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and
C-RAN markets. In addition to covering the technology, business case, the challenges,
standardization initiatives, the industry’s roadmap, value chain analysis, deployment case
studies, vendor service/product strategies and strategic recommendations, the report also
presents comprehensive forecasts for the market from 2014 till 2020, including individual
revenue and shipment projections of small cells, carrier WiFi, small cell backhaul, SCaaS,
DAS, C-RAN, SON (Self-Organizing Network) and mobile data services across six
geographical regions.
Also provided are historical figures for 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The report comes with
an associated Excel datasheet covering quantitative data from all figures presented within
the report.
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1.2 Topics Covered
The report covers the following topics:
Small cell, carrier WiFi, DAS and C-RAN technology, and architecture
Integration and offloading technology for HetNets
Market drivers and key benefits of HetNets
Challenges and Inhibitors to the HetNet ecosystem
HetNet industry roadmap: 2010 – 2020
HetNet industry value chain
Vendor landscape and acquisitions
HetNet deployment models
Vertical markets for HetNet deployments
Small cell backhaul and C-RAN fronthaul technology, requirements and key issues
Standardization and regulatory initiatives
SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service)
Small cells, SCaaS, C-RAN, DAS and carrier WiFi deployment case studies
Industry, wireless carrier and vendor commitments to HetNet deployments
Enterprise RAN solutions
Public safety and military centric LTE small cells
WiFi enabled LTE gateways
SON (Self-Organizing Network) technology
Profiles and market positioning assessment (current strategy, target market and
products/services) for the following players in the HetNet market: pure-play small cell
vendors, DAS, RRH & repeater solution providers, carrier WiFi focused vendors, C-RAN
solution providers, HetNet focused SON solution providers, wireless network
(Macrocell, Core) infrastructure vendors, chipset, software, technology & component
vendors, test & measurement solution providers, WiFi network providers and
fronthaul/backhaul solution providers
Conclusion and strategic recommendations for HetNet solution vendors, wireless
carriers and macrocell infrastructure vendors
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Market analysis and forecasts for the industry’s revenue, including the following
submarkets:
Small Cells
Carrier WiFi
SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service)
DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)
C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Networks)
SON (Self-Organizing Network) Solutions
Enterprise RAN
Small Cell Backhaul
Mobile Fronthaul
Mobile Network Data Service
- Small cell forecasts (unit shipments, revenue, installed base) are categorized
in the following categories:
- RAN Technology
GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA
CDMA-2000/EV-DO
LTE FDD
TD-LTE
WiMAX
- Deployment Model
Home/Residential
Enterprise
Metro
Rural
- Cell Size
Femtocells
Picocells
Microcells
- Carrier WiFi forecasts (unit shipments, revenue, installed base) are
categorized in the following categories:
- Equipment Category
Access Points
Access Point Controllers
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- Integration Approach
Managed WiFi Offload
Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi
- Small cell backhaul forecasts (revenue) are categorized in the following
technology categories:
Ethernet over Copper
Ethernet over Fiber
DSL modems and DSLAMs
NLOS (Non Line of Sight) Microwave (Sub-6GHz spectrum)
PTP (Point to Point) Microwave (6-60GHz)
PTMP (Point to Multipoint) Microwave (6-60GHz)
Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz spectrum)
Millimeter Wave (Licensed 60GHz spectrum)
Satellite
- Mobile network data service forecasts (throughput and revenue) are
categorized in the following access network technology categories:
Macrocell & C-RAN Networks
Small Cells
Carrier WiFi
DAS
Regional forecasts are categorized in the following 6 categories
North America
Asia Pacific
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Middle East & Africa
Latin & Central America
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1.3 Key Questions Answered
The report provides answers to the following key questions:
What are the key market drivers and challenges in the HetNet ecosystem?
How big is the HetNet ecosystem, and how much revenue will it generate in
2020?
What will be the installed base of small cells and carrier WiFi access points in
2020?
Which geographical regions offer the greatest growth potential for HetNet
deployments?
What is the service revenue for mobile data services delivered over small cells,
carrier WiFi, DAS, C-RAN and macrocells, and how will this vary overtime?
How are investments on DAS technology impacting small cell and carrier WiFi
deployments?
What is the C-RAN concept, and how does it affect the small cell, DAS and carrier
WiFi markets?
Which technology will be predominant in the small cell backhaul ecosystem and
is there a market for satellite based small cell backhaul?
Is there a market for rural small cell deployments?
How big are the opportunities for SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) and enterprise
RAN deployments?
How is the HetNet value chain structured and how will it evolve overtime?
What opportunities does the HetNet ecosystem offer to infrastructure vendors
and other players involved in the value chain?
What strategies should infrastructure vendors and wireless carriers adopt to
capitalize on the HetNet opportunity?
Can small cells help in accelerating LTE deployments for the military, public safety
and other verticals?
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1.4 Key Findings
The report has the following key findings:
Small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and C-RAN infrastructure investments will account
for a $20 Billion HetNet ecosystem by 2020
HetNet infrastructure is expected to carry more than 70% of all mobile network
data traffic by 2020, which will account for $380 Billion in mobile data service
revenue
At present, the HetNet value chain is highly fragmented with ‘pure-play’
specialists and incumbent macrocell vendors battling to gain a higher share of the
market
SNS Research expects the value chain to consolidate over the coming years
following a string of acquisitions by industry giants such as Intel, Ericsson, Cisco
and Nokia
Eyeing the momentum behind small cell and C-RAN deployments, several DAS
vendors, such as BTI Wireless and Kathrein-Werke KG, have developed small cell
and C-RAN offerings
Small cell vendors such as Airvana are also adopting C-RAN centric architectures
Enterprise RAN investments based on combination of small cells and coordination
platforms are expected to reach $5 Billion by the end of 2020
While it is a preferred opinion among wireless carriers, aggregating outdoor small
cell backhaul with macrocell infrastructure may prove to be a well challenging
task. Consequently the demand for small cell backhauling has opened a new
opportunity for investment, which will be a market worth nearly $6 Billion by
2020
Spending on mobile fronthaul solutions will grow at a CAGR of nearly 40%
between 2014 and 2020. By the end of 2020, mobile fronthaul investments will
account for nearly $2.6 Billion in revenue
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1.5 Methodology
The contents of this report have been accumulated by combining information attained
from a range of primary and secondary research sources. In addition to analyzing official
corporate announcements, policy documents, media reports, and industry statements,
SNS Research sought opinions from leading industry players within the HetNet market to
derive an unbiased, accurate and objective mix of market trends, forecasts and the future
prospects of the industry between 2014 and 2020.
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1.6 Target Audience
The report targets the following audience:
Small cell vendors and solution providers
WiFi vendors and solution providers
DAS, RRH and repeater solution providers
C-RAN solution providers
Wireless chipset & sub-component providers
Wireless technology/software solution providers
Wireless carriers
Backhaul infrastructure vendors and solution providers
WiFi network operators
Fixed line carriers
Wireless network infrastructure vendors
SON vendors
Application developers
Investment firms
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1.7 Companies Mentioned
The following companies have been reviewed, discussed or mentioned in the report:
3GPP ERCOM Rakon
3Roam Ericsson Rearden
4ipnet Ericsson-LG Red.es
4RF Errigal Redline Communications
6WIND Ethertronics Reliance Telecom
ABB Etisalat Renaissance Electronics & Communications
Ablaze
ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) Republic Wireless
Ablaze Wireless
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) Retis
Accedian Networks Exalt Communications Reverb Networks
Accel Partners EXFO RF Connect
Accelleran ExteNet Systems RF Window
Accuris Networks Extreme Networks RFNet Technologies
AceAxis Eye-Fi RFS (Radio Frequency Systems)
Acer Fareastone Rogers Wireless
Acme Packet FastBack Networks Rosenberger ACS (Applied Communication Sciences)
Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) Rothschild
Actelis Networks Fiberhome Technologies Ro-Timak Technology
Actiontec FibroLan R-TRON
Actix Firetide Ruckus Wireless
Actus Networks Flash Wireless SAF Tehnika
Adara Venture Partners FON Wireless Sagemcom
Adax Fortinet Saguna Networks
ADB Foundation Capital SAI Technology
ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) Foxcom Samsung
ADLINK Technology Free Mobile (France) Samsung Electronics ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) Freescale Semiconductor Samsung Ventures Europe
ADTRAN Frog Capital SBA Communications
ADVA Optical Networking Front Porch Schema
Advanced RF Technologies Fujitsu Scottish Equity Partners
Advantech Wireless Fujitsu Siemens Senao Networks
Aepona Fullerton Engineering Consultants Sequoia Capital
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Aerohive Galtronics Sercom
Affarii Technologies GCI (General Communication Inc. ) SerComm
Affirmed Networks Gemtek Technology SFR
Agilent Technologies Genband Sharp
AICENT Genmix Technology Shasta Ventures
Airbus Defence & Space Gilat Satellite Networks Shaw Communications
Aircom International Global Telecom Holding (formerly Orascom)
SHL Group (Scandinavian Health Ltd.)
AirHop Communications Global Tower Partners Shyam Telecom
Airspan Networks GoNet Systems SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica)
Airvana Goodman Networks Siemens
AirWalk Google Siklu
AJ Telecom Group Gore (W. L. Gore & Associates) SingTel
AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) GoS Networks Sistel Networks
ALAXALA Networks Granite Ventures SK Group
Albis Technologies Green Mountain Communications Inc. SK Telecom
Albtelecom Green Packet SK Telesys
Alcatel-Lucent GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) SkyFiber
ALCOMA GSMA (GSM Association) Skype
Alifabs Group GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) Small Cell Forum
Allied Data Technologies Handlink Technologies SMC Networks
Allied Telesis Haymaker Technologies Smith Micro Software
Alpha Networks HetNets Tower Corporation SoftBank
Altera HFR SoftBank Mobile
Altiostar Networks Hilton Solectek
Altobridge Hitachi SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies)
Alvarion Hitachi Cable Networks Southern Cross Venture Partners
AlwaysOn Hitachi CTA (Hitachi Communication Technologies America) SpiderCloud Wireless
Amadeus Capital Partners Honeywell Sprint
Amdocs HP Star Microwave
American Tower Corporation HSL (Hay Systems Limited) Star Solutions
Andrew Corporation HTC StarHub
Anite Huahuan Starwood
Anixter Huawei STC
Anritsu Corporation Huber and Suhner (H+S) Stoke
Anvaya Networks Hughes Network Systems Sub10 Systems
Anziva Technologies Hutchison Global Communications Sumitomo Electric Industries
Aoptix HXI Sunwave Communications
Aperto Networks Hypower Swisscom
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Applied Communication Sciences iBWave Sym Technology
Aptilo Networks iDirect Symena Arcadyan Technology Corporation IDS Technology Solutions Symmetricom
Argela Iliad Syniverse Technologies
Aria Imec Sysnet Integrators ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) – Japan Immix Wireless Taiwan Mobile
Aricent Index Ventures Talley
Arieso Indosat Tango Networks
ARItel InfoVista Taqua
Arqiva Ingenia Telecom Tarana Wireless
Arris InnerWireless Tata Elxsi
Artemis Networks INOC Tata Teleservices
Aruba Networks InPhase Wireless TDC
Askey Computer Corporation InSite Wireless TE Connectivity
ASOCS Intel Capital Technicolor
Astellia Intel Corporation Tecom
ASUS Intercontinental Hotel Group Tekelec
AT&T InterDigital TEKTELIC Communications
AT&T Mobility Intracom Telecom Telco Systems Athena Wireless Communications Intucell Systems Tele2 Sweden
Atomico ip.access Telefónica
Augere Bangladesh iPass Telefónica Moviles
August Capital IPITEK Telenor
Avanti Communications iPosi Telenor Group
Avaya ISCO International Telenor Sweden
AveA Iskratel TeliaSonera
Aviat Networks Isotrope Tellabs
AVM Iusacell Tellion AWTG (Advanced Wireless Technology Group) Ixia Tellumat
Axell Wireless Jafco Ventures Telrad Networks
Axis Teknologies JDSU Telsey
Axxcelera Jersey Telecom Telstra
Azcom Technology JMA Wireless Telum
Babilon-T Juni Global Telus Mobility
BandwidthX Juniper Networks Tempest Telecom
Batelco Kathrein-Werke KG TEOCO
Beeline KDDI TESSCO Technologies
BelAir Networks KEYMILE Texas Christian University
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Belgacom Keysight Technologies Texas Instruments
Bell Mobility KGP Logistics The Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board
Best Western Kineto Wireless The Cloud
Bewan Systems Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers The Family Office
Bharti Airtel KMW Communications Three UK BICS (Belgacom International Carrier Services) Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co TI (Texas Instruments)
Bird Technologies KPN TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) – USA
Birdstep Technology ASA KT (Korea Telecom) Tilgin
BL Companies Kumu Networks TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile)
Black & Veatch L-3 Communications TIM Brasil
Black Box Corporation Lantiq Time Warner Cable
BlackBerry Lattice Semiconductor TMC
BLiNQ Networks Lemko T-Mobile Austria
Blu Wireless Technology LG Electronics T-Mobile UK
BluWan LG Uplus T-Mobile USA
Boingo Wireless LightPointe Communications TOT Thailand
Boonton Electronics Lime Microsystems Towerstream Corporation
Bouygues Telecom lliad group TP-LINK
BridgeWave Communications Loea Corporation TRaC Global
Broadband Forum Lord & Company Technologies Trango Systems
Broadcom LSI Transit Wireless
BroadHop Madison Dearborn Partners Transmode
BroadSoft Marriott International Tranzeo Wireless Technologies
Brocade Matrix Partners Trendium
Browan Communications Mavenir Tropos Networks (ABB)
BSG Wireless Maverick Corporation TTA (Telecommunications Association) – Korea
BSkyB MAX4G TTC (Technology Committee) – Japan
BSNL Maxim Integrated Tulinx
BT Maxis (Malaysia) Turkcell
BTI Systems McWane TVM Capital GmbH
BTI Wireless MegaFon U.S. Cellular
BURCO Mentum Ubee Interactive
Byers Engineering Company MER Group Ubee-AirWalk Cable & Wireless Communications MER-CellO Wireless Solutions Ubidyne GmBH
CableFree Solutions Meru Networks Ubiquiti Networks
CableLabs Mesaplexx Ubiquoss
Cablevision metroPCS u-blox
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Cadence Design Systems Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) UK Broadband
Calix Microsemi Corporation Union Wireless
Cambium Networks Microsoft University of Western Ontario
Canoga Perkins Microwave Networks Uniwill
Carlson Wireless Technologies MIKOM UTStarcom
Carolina West Wireless mimoOn Vectron International
Casa Systems MIMOtech Verizon Wireless
Cavium Mindspeed Technologies Vimpelcom Russia CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) Minieum Networks Virgin Media CCI (Communication Components Inc.) Mitsubishi Vitesse Semiconductor CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.)/WyTec International MobileAccess Vodafone
CCI (Crown Castle International) Mobily Vodafone Australia
CCI Systems Moldtelecom Vodafone Canada CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) Mosaic Telecom Vodafone Czech Republic CCSA (China Communications Standards Association) – China Motorola Mobility Vodafone Germany CDG (CDMA Development Group) Motorola Solutions Vodafone Greece
CeedTec Movilnet Venezuela Vodafone Hungary
Celcite Movistar Vodafone Ireland
Cell C South Africa MRV Communications Vodafone Italy
Cellcom MTC Vodafone Netherlands
Cellcom Israel MTI Mobile Vodafone New Zealand
CellO MTS (Mobile TeleSystems OJSC) Vodafone Portugal
Cellular Asset Management NASCAR Vodafone Qatar Cellular One of East Central Illinois Nash Technologies Vodafone Romania
Cellvine NEC Vodafone Spain
Cellwize Netgear Vodafone UK
Celtro Netgem VPIsystems
Ceragon Netia Poland Vubiq Networks
Charles River Ventures Network Norway Wataniya Telecom
China Mobile New Postcom Equipment Wave1
China Netcom NewPath Networks Wavesight China Telecom (China Telecommunications Corporation) Nexcomm Systems Wavion
China Unicom Nexius WebRadar China Unicom (China United Network Communications Group Company Limited) NextG Networks WeFi
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Chunghwa Telecom NextGenTel Wes-Tec
Cielo Networks Nextivity Westell Technologies
Ciena Corporation NextWave Wireless Westell Technologies
Cincintaci Bell NexxComm Wireless Wi-Ex
Cisco Node-H WiF Alliance
Claro Noisecom Wilson Electronics
ClearSky Nokia WiMAX Forum
Clearwire Nokia Networks Wintegra
Cloudberry Mobile Nomadix Wireless Broadband Alliance
CM Capital Nomor Research Wireless Wisconsin CMRI (China Mobile Research Institute) Nortel
WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation)
CNS Nsight WyLink
Cobham NTT Broadband Platform WyTec International
Cobham Antenna Systems NTT Communications Xavi Technologies
Coherent Logix NTT DoCoMo Xceed Technologies
Colt Telecom NTT-ME Xilinx
Comba Telecom Nutaq/ NuRAN Wireless Yamaha Comba Telecom Systems Holdings O2 (Telefonica UK) Yota Russia
Comcast Oceus Networks Zain Bahrain
CommScope Octasic Zain Kuwait
Comtech Korea Oi Brasil Zain Saudi Arabia
Comtrend OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) Z-com (ZDC Wireless)
Conexant Omantel Zebra Technologies
Connectivity Wireless Omnitron Systems Zhone Technologies
Contela OneAccess Networks Zinwave
Continuous Computing Opticon ZON Portugal
Coral Group Optimus Portugal ZTE
Corecess Option N.V. ZyXEL
Corning Optiway
Corning MobileAccess Optulink
Cosmote Optus
Cox Communications Opus Capital
Craig Wireless Oracle Corporation
Crown Castle Orange (France Telecom)
CS Corporation Orange Israel
CSI (Cellular Specialities, Inc.) Orange Romania
CTIA Overture Networks
Cuddy & Feder, LLP P.I. Works
Dali Wireless Pace
Dapu Telecom PCCW
DAS Advisers PCIA (Wireless Infrastructure Association)
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DASAN Networks Pennington Law Firm
Datang Group Percello
Datang Mobile Philips
Datang Telecom Phillips Lytle, LLP
Davis Wright Tremaine, LLP picoChip
Delta Partners Pletronics
DeltaNode PLTD Philippines (Smart Communications Inc.)
DesignArt Networks PMC-Sierra
Deutsche Telekom Polaris Networks
Devicescape Software Polewall
Direct Beam Positron
Dish Network Proxim Wireless
D-Link Corporation Psion
DoCoMo interTouch PT (Portugal Telecom)
Dongwon T&I PT Telkom
DragonWave PTS
Draka — Prysmian Group Public Mobile
Druid Software Public Wireless
Du PureWave Networks
E-Band Communications Quadriga Worldwide
E-Blink Qualcomm
EchoStar Qualcomm Atheros
ECI Telecom Qualcomm Technologies
Eden Rock Communications Quanta Computer
Edgewater Wireless Systems Qucell
EDX Wireless Quortus
EE (Everything Everywhere) RACOM
EION Wireless RAD Data Communications
Eircom RADCOM
Elva-1 (Elva-Link) Radisys
Enterprise Partners RADWIN
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Copyright SNS Research Ltd, 2014. All rights reserved.
This material is subject to the laws of copyright and is restricted to registered license-
holders who have entered into a Corporate, a Multi-User or a Single-User license
agreement with SNS Research Ltd. It is an offence for the license-holder to make the
material available to any unauthorized person, either via e-mail messaging or by placing
it on a network.
All SNS research reports & databases are intended to provide general information and
strategic insights only, and they do not constitute, nor are they intended to constitute,
investment advice. SNS Research and its employees disclaim all and any guarantees,
undertakings and warranties, whether expressed or implied, and shall not be liable for
any loss or damage whatsoever, and whether foreseeable or not, arising out of, or in
connection with, any use of or reliance on any information, statements, opinions,
estimates or forecasts contained in the reports.
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2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology
Driven by both technical and economic incentives, the next performance leap in
mobile networks is coming from an evolution of network topology whereby
wireless carriers will utilize a mix of macrocells, DAS (Distributed Antenna
Systems) 1, small cells, C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Networks) as well as WiFi access
points in both licensed and unlicensed part of the wireless spectrum.
.
Figure 2: HetNet Architecture
Source: SNS Research
1 Typically used with macrocells, small cells and WiFi deployments may also encompass DAS to improve coverage
Mobile Network Core
User Deployed Indoor
Small Cells
Wireless Broadband Router
Overlay Macrocell Network
Carrier Deployed Indoor/Outdoor Small Cells, DAS, C-RAN RRHs and WiFi
Access Points
Macrocell Backhaul Network
Small Cell Backhaul Network
Internet
Small Cell Fronthaul Network
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Figure 15: The HetNet Value Chain
Source: SNS Research
Chipset
Developers
Embedded
Component/
Software
Providers
Pure-Play
Small Cell
OEMs
2G/3G/4G
Wireless Carriers
End Users
Embedded Technology Ecosystem
Connectivity Ecosystem
Consumer and
Enterprise Markets
SON Solution Providers
WiFi Access
Point OEMs
RAN Ecosystem
Macrocell RAN
OEMs
DAS &
Repeater
Solutions
Providers WiFi Connectivity
Providers
C- RAN
Solutions
Providers Small Cells as a
Service (SCaaS)
Providers
Backhaul &
Fronthaul Solution
Providers
Backhaul
Ecosystem
Other
Technology
Providers
Core Network
Solution
Providers
Mobile Core Ecosystem
SDN & NFV Solution Providers
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10.29 SpiderCloud Wireless
SpiderCloud Wireless is a pure-play provider of small cell solutions. Founded in
2006, the company is headquartered in San Jose, California. The company's
investors include Charles River Ventures, Matrix Partners, Opus Capital and Shasta
Ventures.
SpiderCloud’s small cell solution encompasses centralized coordination platforms
besides small cell nodes, to support better manageability and scalability, for large
scale indoor small cell deployments. Marketed as Enterprise RAN or simply E-RAN,
the solution combines service nodes, multi-access small cells, and SON
management software. The solution uses existing Ethernet infrastructure to
power the small cells that feed traffic back to a centralized services node, which in
turn connects to a wireless carrier's packet core.
By ensuring in-building call continuity via centralized management, SON8 features,
and soft handovers, E-RAN allows wireless carriers to deliver managed indoor
coverage solutions to large enterprises. Initially designed to support 3G and WiFi,
the company announced the addition of LTE support in Q4’2012.
Vodafone UK launched an indoor coverage solution (Sure Signal Premium) for
large enterprises based on SpiderCloud’s E-RAN in Q1’2014. The launch makes
8 As part of E-RAN’s SON capabilities, inter-cell and small-cell-to-macro network neighbor relations are
automatically learned and managed.
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11.27 Kathrein-Werke KG
Headquartered in Rosenheim, Germany, Kathrein-Werke KG is a global provider of
antenna systems and electronic components to support mobile, satellite and
wireline communications. In Q2’2013, Kathrein acquired Ubidyne GmBH, a digital
antenna technology specialist for small cells, macrocell and DAS networks.
Kathrein is widely recognized as a leading DAS vendor in the HetNet ecosystem,
and is also well positioned to capitalize on the emerging C-RAN opportunity.
In Q1’2014, the company launched its K-BOW Micro C-RAN system, which
aggregates data traffic with a centralized RAN platform and transmits multiple
combinations of signals to individual radio units. The CPRI-ready solution is
remotely-controlled over a network monitoring system so that capacity in any
area within the building can be easily increased or decreased.
Among its key features are support for multiband and multi-standard
deployments, allowing wireless carriers to deliver both 3G and 4G coverage
indoors, assign traffic dynamically between the bands (2.6 GHz, 2.1 GHz and 1.8
GHz), and upgrade, largely in software, to LTE-A features like MIMO and CoMP.
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15.14 Nokia Networks
Nokia Networks is a wireless infrastructure and data networking vendor
headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Formerly a joint venture between Nokia and
Siemens, Nokia acquired 100% of the company, with a buy-out of Siemens in
Q3’2013.
Besides leveraging its own customer base of wireless carriers, Nokia Networks has
maintained a dominant position in the wireless infrastructure ecosystem through
a series of acquisitions including Motorola’s wireless infrastructure business (in
Q2’2011) and Panasonic System Networks (in Q3’2014). The company has
operations in over 150 countries.
Nokia Networks has been an active player in the HetNet market from an early
stage18. Nokia Networks now offers a variety of solutions to address the market,
including small cells, RRH, DAS, backhaul, carrier WiFi, content delivery
networking and SON integration. In addition, the vendor also offers services to
analyze, plan, optimize and manage HetNet deployments.
Commercially launched in Q1’2014, Nokia’s Flexi Zone LTE microcell/picocell base
stations deliver the same processing power, capacity and features as the vendor’s
macro cell stations. The product also supports WiFi integration and traffic
18
Rather than developing its own femtocell, Nokia Networks initially sold femtocells from other vendors such as Ubiquisys, together with its own access gateway. The company has also partnered with Ruckus Wireless for its carrier WiFi solution offering.
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16.16 Broadcom
Broadcom designs and develops chipsets for wired and wireless network
infrastructure including WiFi and small cells. Founded in 1991, the semiconductor
giant has widened its scope and established leading positions in multiple product
categories, with a string of more than 50 acquisitions. The company is
headquartered in Irvine, California.
Broadcom acquired Percello for $86 Million in Q4’ 2010. At that time, Percello had
established a position in 3G femtocell SoC chipsets, supplying OEMs such as
Ubiquisys (now acquired by Cisco).
Since the acquisition, Broadcom has added other OEMs to its list of customers and
autonomously configure WiFi, provision the cell, and listen to traffic to mitigate
interference. Targeting the emerging TD-LTE market in China, Broadcom has also
included the China ZUC security algorithm/cypher in its chips, besides supporting
TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE standards.
In Q1’2014, Broadcom unveiled its new small cell SoC platform that delivers data
rates up to 300 Mbps, supports LTE carrier aggregation, and has a digital RF front
end. It features a dual core, quad-threaded Broadcom Zephyr processor that can
multitude of small cells, including Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei and Cisco.
continues to grow its market share. Broadcom’s chips are now included in a
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21.3 Mobile Fronthaul: Opportunities Beyond
C-RAN
In a C-RAN setup, fronthaul connects RRHs to BBUs, typically via
CPRI (see interface standards). Traffic from BBUs is then
backhauled to the mobile core. High bandwidth and low-latency
performance requirements between pooled BBUs and
distributed RRHs have driven wireless carriers to build their first
C-RAN deployments using dedicated, direct fiber connectivity.
Given the high costs of direct fiber connectivity, fronthaul is
widely seen as the most challenging barrier towards the adoption
of C-RAN.
However, an increasing number of deployments are now
considering cost-effective alternative options for fronthaul such
as WDM24 (Wavelength Division Multiplexing), OTN (Optical
Transmission Network) and even microwave. With WDM, just a
single or two fibers can cover tens of CPRI channels. Thus, fiber
costs can be lowered, and high-volume transmission is possible.
Furthermore, carriers can even monitor the quality of the
fronthaul network by running a self loopback test on active WDM
24
There are two types of WDM, passive and active. Passive WDM is inexpensive, requires no power supply, and has little latency or jitter. Hence, the distance between BBU and RRH can be maximized, without affecting performance much. So, costs can be significantly lowered compared to direct fiber connectivity. Active WDM, on the other hand, is bidirectional (single fiber) and it may cause latency and jitter, which should be kept under certain levels.
C-RAN Interface Standards
While CPRI is the predominant C-RAN interface standard, there are also efforts to move beyond CPRI for C-RAN and other HetNet deployments:
CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface): First developed by leading base station vendors in 2003, CPRI is a digital interface standard for encapsulating radio samples between a radio (RRH) and a digital baseband processing unit (BBU). The interface is not packet-based; rather signals are multiplexed in a low-latency timeslot-like fashion. Consequently, CPRI defines a maximum latency, a near zero jitter, and a near zero bit error rate. In practice, a value of 0.4 milliseconds for transport leaves an acceptable delay budget for processing requirements and propagation delay.
OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative): Similar to CPRI, OBSAI was established in 2002 before CPRI. It has been adopted by some base station vendors including Samsung and Nokia. Aimed to build an open base station structure, OBSAI divides key features of a base station into modules, and interconnects the modules using an interface named RP (Reference Point). However, most global vendors have chosen CPRI over OBSAI.
ORI (Open Radio Interface): While CPRI standardizes the data plane, it lets the control plane remain vendor-specific. To address this issue and provide better compatibility among vendors, ORI was introduced by ETSI, with participation from both vendors and wireless carriers. ORI will build on CPRI and standardize the control plane, enabling operators to mix
and match equipment from various vendors.
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21.4 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public
Safety LTE Networks
The military and public safety sectors have traditionally relied on LMR (Land
Mobile Radio) systems to fulfill their mission-critical voice communications needs.
Although LMR systems support basic data capabilities as well, their speeds and
associated TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) are no match for commercial mobile
broadband standards such as LTE.
Technology 2015 2020
LTE $ 0.7 per GB $ 0.4 per GB
TETRA $ 14 per GB $ 10 per GB
APCO Project 25 $ 18 per GB $ 12 per GB
Figure 265: TCO Comparison between LTE and LMR Technologies
Source: SNS Research
Fuelled by demands for a lower TCO and the ability to support data intensive
applications such as mobile video and situational awareness, LTE is now viewed as
the de-facto standard for future military and public safety networks.
Small cells are increasingly seen as a key enabler for bringing LTE to the military
and public safety verticals. Due to their portability, small cells can help establish
and maintain communications even when there is no access to traditional
infrastructure.
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Eyeing the opportunity, a number of specialists OEMs have already made
significant advances in the sector. For example, many OEMs have successfully
embedded virtualized EPC capabilities within their small cell base station
products, which can enable small cells to be rapidly deployed on-demand, with no
need to connect to a remote centralized mobile core.
Figure 266: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Shipments:
2014 – 2020
Source: SNS Research
SNS Research estimates that military, tactical and public safety LTE small cell
shipments will account for over $350 Million in revenue by the end of 2020,
following a CAGR of 45% over the 6 year period between 2014 and 2020.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020