the hidden life of ancient egypt


2/11

97 \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl

\frmhk grme |fk \meo mg \{|`hafè{hd(04>:;? od &Kinf|kkh|f Lyh`t|y# Hk~ Aihnlme)

Nmcl# E{tk{e mg Knyz|i`h @h|ip{i|ikt# Dìrm# Knyz|

@h{eokr mg kvp{iti|kcy e`lk zikdkt mg g{rhi|{rk ~krk litdmwkrkl ih \{|`hafè{ht |meo#ihdc{lihn |fit mrh`|k |frmhk# ~fmtk o`datkkh fkrkkvzcidi|cy cihat i| ~i|f |fk ym{hn zf`%r`mf &`hl tkk z`nkt


3/11

\fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl 9>

Tiv{r`ki# k`df lit|ihn{itfkl

oy ` t{h lita# `rk

t|`|imhkl zrm|kd|iwkcy mh

\{|`haf`e{ht |rizck%`|kg

&mr fkefke) drm~h(

\fk drm~h ~m{cl f`wk okkh

`lmrhkl ~i|f tiv t{h litat#

f`l mhk hm| okkh cmt|# niwihn

|fit kc`omr`|k fk`llrktt

zm~kr{c tmc`r dmhhm|`|imht(


4/11

96 \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl

@c|fm{nf z`r|i`ccy

motd{rkl# |fk

lkdmr`|iwk z`||krh

|f`| d`h ok

tkkh okhk`|f

\{|`hafè{ht

tk`| hl ok|~kkh|fk dfìr cknt it

o`tkl mh |fktke`%

|`~y tyeomc |f`|

zrmdcìet |fk {hi|y

m |fk |~m c`hlt# mr |fk

{hid`|imh m [zzkr hl

Cm~kr Knyz| {hlkr |fk

zf`r`mft r{ck &tkk z`nk

60)( \fit tyeomc ~`t m|kh

ihdc{lkl `| |fk o`tk m

rmy`c mr liwihk |frmhkt ih

Knyz|i`h r| &mr hm|fkr

kvèzck# tkk z`nk ;4)(

\fk aihnt rinf| f`hl f`t

okkh lkzid|kl ~i|f |fk

|f{eo mh |fk ~rmhn tilk#

kkd|iwkcy niwihn fie |~m ck|

f`hlt( Knyz|mcmnit|t lm hm|

okcikwk |f`| \{|`hafè{ht

rinf| f`hl ~`t ciak |fit ih cik#

`hl# ihlkkl# |fit `hme`cy it

hm| |f`| {h{t{`c ih zmr|r`y`ct

m `hdikh| Knyz|i`h zf`r`mft#

`c|fm{nf i| it hm| dck`r

~fy |fit ~`t |fk d`tk# mr~fk|fkr i| f`l `hy tyeomcid

tinhid`hdk( \f`| tìl# i| e`y

f`wk f`l tmek|fihn |m lm

~i|f |fk keihikl# @e`rh`

t|yck# hl ~i|f |fk z`ttiwk

z`r| |f`| |fk aihn zc`yt ih

|fit df`reihn tdkhk# mr |fk

rinf| f`hl ~`t |fm{nf| |m

keomly |fk `d|iwk# e`td{cihk

zrihdizck# `hl |fk ck| f`hl#

|fk rkwkrtk(

@hafktkhè{ht drm~h

dmhtit|t m zìr m mt|ridf

zc{ekt# `| |fk o`tk m ~fidf

it ` c`rnk tmc`r lita( \fk |`cc

dm~t fmrht |f`| khdcmtk|fit t|`|kcy dmhkd|imh rk

` tyeomcid ciha ok|~kkh

|fk p{kkh `hl t{df nrk`|

em|fkr nmllkttkt t

F`|fmr hl Itit(

\fk tf`zk m |fk wkttkc &`

tyeomc m keihihi|y) fkcl

oy @hafktkhè{h kdfmkt

|f`| m |fk cm|{t gm~kr |m

|fk rinf| m fkr ck|

tfm{clkr( I| tkket

|f`| |fk om~c dmh|ìht

`h {hn{kh|t~kk|cy

zkr{ekl# hm lm{o|

`hl |f`| |fk p{kkh

it ih |fk zrmdktt m

|khlkrcy hmih|ihn fkr

f{to`hlt

taih ~i|f i|(

@hafktkhè{ht cknt

`rk witiock |frm{nf |fk

`cemt| |r`htz`rkh| zck`|t

m fkr hk cihkh nm~h(

\fk @|kh it lkkhlkl oy i|t

m~h{r`k{t( \fk f`hlt |f`|

d`h ok tkkh `| |fk khl m |fk

t{h r`yt ke`h`|ihn rme |fk

@|kh tyeomcid`ccy okt|m~

t{htfihk# cik# `hl liwihk

ockttihnt {zmh |fk rmy`cdm{zck okcm~(

I| it hm| dck`r kv`d|cy ~f`| |fk

mrhèkh|`c mobkd| litzc`ykl

mh ` t|`hl hkv| |m |fk p{kkh

it# o{| i| e`y ok ` g`||khkl%

m{| bk~kckl dmcc`r tieic`r |m

|fk e`nhidkh| kvèzckt

~mrh oy |fk aihn hl p{kkh(

I| e`y ctm ok tinhid`h|

|f`| i|t tf`zk kdfmkt |f`|

m |fk tfkh rihn# tyeomc

m k|krhi|y `hl zrm|kd|imh(\fk ihdc{timh m ` cm|{t

fkrk it zrmoòcy c`rnkcy

tyeomcid |m{df# mr |fk

cm|{t rkzrktkh|kl oir|f &`hl

rkt{rrkd|imh)# t ~kcc

`t ok`{|y(


5/11

\fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl 99

Lk|ìc mg |fk TkdmhlE{eeigmre Dmggihmg \{|`hafè{h

d(04>:;? od &Kinf|kkh|f Lyh`t|y#Hk~ Aihnlme)

^mml ~i|f tfkk| nmcl ihcìl ~i|ftkeizrkdim{t t|mhkt# E{tk{e mgKnyz|i`h @h|ip{i|ikt# Dìrm# Knyz|

@c|fm{nf kckekh|t m |fit t|riaihn rkz%rktkh|`|imh m Zf`r`mf \{|`hafè{h`rk tyeomcid`ccy dmhdkrhkl ~i|f fit

lk`|f# |fk zmr|rì| m |fk aihn |f`| t|`rktm{| `| {t rme mhk m fit dmiht niwkt{t `h kvdkcckh| ilk` m ~f`| |fk r{ckrm Knyz| ~m{cl f`wk cmmakl ciak ih cik#|f`| it# ~fkh rr`ykl ih {cc dkrkemhi`cihkry( Gmr ih |fit {zzkr%omly tkd|imhm |fk dmih ~k d`h tkk e`hy i|kett{df `t |fk drmma%`hl%cìc tdkz%|krt `hl |fk hkekt fk`llrktt|f`|rkd{r |iek `hl |iek `nìh ih ie`nktm Knyz|i`h zf`r`mft# o{| hkwkr ih

lkzid|imht m mrlih`ry emr|`ct( @hl~fick |fk aihnt t|i zmtk d`h ok z`r|cy`||rio{|kl |m dmiht rkp{irkekh|t hlciei|`|imht# |fit rkzrktkh|`|imht tieic`ri|y |mkp{`ccy mre`ccy zmtkl zmr|r`y`ct m m|fkr zf`r`mft ih hmh{hkr`ry dmh|kv|t# `cmhn ~i|f |fk aihnt ihkcyemlkckl# cikciak k`|{rkt# khòck {t |m ok rk`tmhòcy dkr|ìh |f`| \{|`hafè{h ~m{cl f`wk cmmakl e{dfciak |fit ~fick |fk md{t m h hdikh| Knyz|i`h t`drkl ri|{`c( \f`| tìl# kwkh |fm{nf |fit z`r|id{c`r aihn liklih fit c`|k |kkht# fit k`|{rkt ~icc f`wk okkh ilk`cikl# `llihn |m |fk tkhtk |f`| ~k `rk cmmaihn `| ` rmy`c in%{rkfk`l r`|fkr |f`h `h ihliwil{`c zkrtmh`ci|y# `h iezrkttimh |f`| it rkihmrdkl ~fkh ~k dmez`rk |fit ie`nk

~i|f |fk emrk ihmre`c# |frmhk%o`da zmr|r`y`c m \{|`hafè{h `hl fit ~ik &tkk z`nkt 97 |m 96)(\fit it |fk tkdmhl mg ` hkt| mg |frkk dmggiht |f`| ~`t litdmwkrkl ihtilk |fk t|mhk t`rdmzf`n{t ih

\{|`hafè{ht |meo( @cc `rk e{eeigmre# mr `h|frmzmil# ih tf`zk# ih rkgkrkhdk |m |fk e{eeigiklomly mg Mtirit# |fk liwihk r{ckr mg |fk {hlkr~mrcl# `hl i| it |fk lk`l zf`r`mft ilkh|igid`|imh ~i|f |fknml |f`| kvzcìht fit d{rwkl ok`rl `hl fit drmttkl `hl |inf|cy t~`llckl `ret( ^fick |fit# |fk eillckdmggih# `hl |fk c`rnkr mhk |f`| khwkcmzkl i| `rk e`lk mg ~mml dmwkrkl ih nmcl gmic `hl ihcìl ~i|f tkei%zrkdim{t t|mhkt# nc`tt# `hl gìkhdk# |fk dmggih |f`| i| ih |{rh khdcmtkl it e`lk mg z{rk# fèekrkl nmcl#`hl i| it |fit |f`| dèk ih|m lirkd| dmh|`d| ~i|f |fk ym{hn aihnt e{eeigikl dmrztk# hl ~i|f |fk nmclkhe`ta |f`| dmwkrkl fit g`dk(

Tkk `ctm Ork`t|zc`|k Lkzid|ihn Mtirit# Nml mg |fk @g|kr~mrcl &z`nkt ;6 |m 70)(


6/11

0:: \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl

\fk zf`r`mf

it ~k`rihn

`hkekt

fk`llrktt#

mhk m

|fk rmy`c

fk`llrkttkt( I| ~`t e`lk mt|rizkl# t|ikhkl cihkh# |fk

khlt okihn kh|~ihkl `| |fk

o`da |m mre ` hk`| o{cnk(

\fk mwkr`cc kkd| r`|fkr

rktkeockl ` cimht e`hk(

@ w{c|{rkt fk`l `hl

rk`rihn dmor` &{r`k{t) `rk

zmti|imhkl tilk oy tilk

òmwk |fk aihnt mrkfk`l#

nìhn m{| `| |fk wik~kr(

\fk w{c|{rk rkzrktkh|t

|fk nmllktt Hkafok|# hl

[zzkr Knyz|# ~fick |fk

{r`k{t it kp{`|kl ~i|f |fk

nmllktt ^`lbk|# `hl Cm~kr

Knyz|( @t ~kcc `t okihn|fk zf`r`mft zkrtmh`c

zrm|kd|mrt# |fktk |~m

c`likt |mnk|fkr tyeomcik

|fk {hi|y m Knyz|t |~m

c`hlt( &Tkk ctm z`nkt ;6

|m 70()

G`ctk# t|r`z%mh

ok`rlt ~krk

~mrh oy ciwihn

zf`r`mft mh

dkrkemhi`c

mdd`timht(

\fk d{rwkl

khl m |fk

zcì|kl ok`rl

|f`| `lmrht

\{|`hafè{ht

kny tinh`ct

|f`| fk f`t

okdmek ` nml

ciak Mtirit(

Kyk eàk{z ~`t ~mrh oy

|fk ekeokrt m om|f tkvkt

ih `hdikh| Knyz|( \fk c`witf

c`ykr m amfc m{|cihihn |fkaihnt kykt ~m{cl |fkrkmrk

hm| f`wk okkh {h|yzid`c#

nrm{hl nrkkh e`c`dfi|k

`ctm okihn ` zmz{c`r kyk%

khf`hdkr( @t ~kcc `t cmmaihn

kyk%d`|dfihncy ||r`d|iwk#

~k`rihn eàk{z ~`t

|fm{nf| |m zrm|kd| |fk kykt

rme zm|kh|i`c lè`nk

d`{tkl oy om|f |fk t{ht

nc`rk hl md{c`r ihkd|imht

&tkk ctm z`nk 044)(

\fkrk `rk ` h{eokrm rk`tmht ~fy nmcl

~`t {tkl |m khd`tk |fk

zf`r`mft e{eey( Girt|cy#

i|t ok`{|y# r`ri|y# `hl

dmt|cihktt rkgkd|kl |fk

aihnt kv`c|kl t|`|{t `| |fk

zihh`dck m |fk Knyz|i`h

tmdi`c t|r{d|{rk( Tkdmhlcy#

okd`{tk i| ~`t dmhtilkrkl

|m ok ihlkt|r{d|iock# i|t

zr`d|id`c hl tyeomcid

{tk ih |fk aihnt o{ri`c

~`t zzrmzri`|k# mr |fk

zf`r`mf# i| ~`t okcikwkl#

~m{cl ok rkomrh |kr lk`|f

`hl ~m{cl |fkh ciwk mh

mr k|krhi|y( @hl# |firlcy#

nmcl zrmdcìekl |fk aihnt

zkrdkiwkl liwihi|y# mr |fk

gktf m |fk t{h nml _k ~`t

|fm{nf| |m dmhtit| m |fit

tfihihn# nmclkh ek|`c(

\fk drmma hl

gìc ~krk

iezmr|`h|

dmezmhkh|t m

|fk Knyz|i`h

rmy`c rkn`ci`(

L`|ihn o`da |m|fk l`yt ~fkh |fk

`hdikh| Knyz|i`ht

~krk hme`lt ~fm

lrmwk |fkir d`||ck

`hl m|fkr ciwkt|mda

`fk`l m |fke# |fk

drmma tyeomcikl

dmh|rmc `hl

r{ckrtfiz#

~fick

|fk gìc

lkhm|kl

zm~kr `hl`{|fmri|y(

@ zìr m lkdmr`|iwk#m{|tzrk`l ~ihnt t|rk|dfkt

zrm|kd|iwkcy rme mhk m

|fk aihnt {zzkr `ret |m

|fk m|fkr( \fk ~ihnt |f`|

`lmrh |fit dmh &tmek m

~fidf `rk m{| m tinf| ih |fit

ie`nk) okcmhn |m Hkafok|

`hl ^`lbk|# ~fm e`y ih

|{rh ok tyeomcid`ccy cihakl

~i|f |fk nmllktt Itit#

~fm zc`ykl ` wi|`c z`r|

ih rkt{rrkd|ihn fkr

f{to`hl Mtiritrme |fk lk`l#

`hl |fkir tit|kr

Hkzf|fyt &tkk

z`nkt ;6 |m

70)(


7/11

\fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl 0:0


8/11


9/11


10/11

0:< \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl

@ nmclkh w{c|{rk zzk`rt

|m dmwkr Hkkr|`rit fk`l

~i|f i|t omly( \fk oirl

rkzrktkh|t E{|# nmllktt

m em|fkrfmml ~fm ~`t

~mrtfizkl ih \fkokt `t |fk

~ik m |fk drk`|mr nml @e{h

`hl |fk em|fkr m Afmht &mr

Afmht{)# ` emmh nml( \fit fk`llrktt~fidf

t{zzmr|t ` zìr m |`cc zc{ekt

`hl ` t{h lita ih zmr|r`y`ct

m Hkkr|`ri kctk~fkrk ih

fkr |meo &tkk# mr kvèzck#

z`nkt 77 |m 76)|fkrkmrk

kvzcidi|cy cihat |fk p{kkh

~i|f E{| `hl |fk zrihdizck

m liwihk em|fkrfmml# `hl

dmhtkp{kh|cy `ctm ~i|f |fk

nmllkttkt Hkafok| &tkk

z`nkt ;6 |m 70) `hl Itit(

@c|fm{nf i| it iezmr|`h|

|m rkekeokr |f`| `hdikh|

Knyz|i`ht ~krk zrktkh|kl

`t ilk`cikl wkrtimht m

|fkir `d|{`c tkcwkt ih |meo

zmr|rì|t# |fk fmhmrt |f`|

fkr f{to`hl tfm~krkl {zmh

fit `wmri|k ~ikihdc{lihn

` |kezck lklid`|kl |m fkr

ih @o{ Tieokcck`l {t |m

okcikwk |f`| Hkkr|`ri e{t|

f`wk okkh tzkd|`d{c`rcy

ok`{|i{c ~me`h(

@hl tfk dkr|ìhcy zrktkh|t

`h `||r`d|iwk tinf| fkrk#

~i|f fkr twkc|k# cmhn%cknnkl

gn{rk okihn witiock |frm{nf

|fk |r`htz`rkh| mclt m

fkr zck`|kl nm~h# `hl fkr

c{v{rim{t nmclkh lmrhekh|t

lr`~ihn `||kh|imh |m fkr

oc`da fìr `hl temm|f taih(

\fk t|` |f`|

Hkkr|`ri fmclt

ih fkr rinf|

f`hl it ` tkafke

tdkz|kr( \fit

tyeomcikt fkr

`{|fmri|y hl

iezmr|`hdk `t `

p{kkh m Knyz|

&tkafke ek`ht

einf| mr zm~kr)(

Hkgkr|`ri Zc`yihn Tkhk|d(0?9>006; od &Hihk|kkh|f Lyh`t|y# Hk~ Aihnlme)

Lk|ìc mg ` ~`cc zìh|ihn grme |fk |meo mg P{kkh Hkgkr|`ri# W`ccky mg |fk P{kkht# \fkokt# Knyz|

\fk fikrmncyzfid ihtdriz|imh |m |fk rinf| m |fk kckn`h| c`ly ih |fit lk|ìc ihmret {t |f`| tfk it Mtirit|fk Nrk`| _my`c îk# Eit|rktt m |fk \~m C`hlt Hkkr|`ri# b{t|iikl okmrk Mtirit |fk nrk`| nml(\fk tdkhk it zìh|kl mh ` ~`cc m fkr |meo# Hkkr|`rit hèk okihn cihakl ~i|f |f`| m Mtirit ih ` zfr`tkfmzk{ccy iezcyihn |f`| |fk ~ik m Zf`r`mf _èkttkt II f`l z`ttkl e{t|kr ih |fk nmlt f`cc m b{lnekh||m okdmek mhk ~i|f Mtirit ih |fk hkv| ~mrcl( Ciak e`hy |meo zìh|ihnt# |fk winhk||k tfm~h fkrk e`y {c|i%e`|kcy ok dmhdkrhkl ~i|f kht{rihn |f`| Hkkr|`ri ciwkl mh |kr lk`|f# o{| ih |fk zrmdktt i| ctm niwkt {t `tdih`|ihn ihtinf| ih|m fm~ |fit Hk~ Aihnlme Knyz|i`h p{kkh cmmakl `hl ciwkl l{rihn fkr cik|iek(

Hkkr|`ri it lkzid|kl zz`rkh|cy | ckit{rk# zc`yihn tkhk|# |fk emt| zmz{c`r om`rl nèk ih `hdikh| Knyz|(Ih e`hy rktzkd|t# tkhk| rktkeockl |fk nèk m dfkdakrt |f`| ~k t|icc zc`y |ml`y# ~i|f |~m zc`ykrt wyihn~i|f mhk `hm|fkr |m ok |fk irt| |m `lw`hdk mhk m |fkir iwk mr tkwkh zikdkt rme mhk khl |m |fk m|fkr

`drmtt ` dfkdakrom`rl &ih tkhk|t d`tk# ` cmhn# rkd|`hn{c`r mhk dmezritihn |frkk rm~t m |kh tp{`rkt)(Tkhk| tkket |m f`wk okkh tieic`r |m thàkt `hl c`llkrt# |mm# ih |f`| |fk |frm~ihn m ah{dackomhkt mrt|idat|fk `hdikh| Knyz|i`h kp{iw`ckh| m lidklk|kreihkl fm~ e`hy tp{`rkt dm{cl ok drmttkl `|` |iek# ~i|f dkr|ìh tp{`rkt ihdmrzmr`|ihn kckekh|t m nmml mr o`l c{da( \f`| Hkkr|`ri it `zz`rkh|cy~i|fm{| `h mzzmhkh|# |fk cihat ok|~kkh |fk tdkhkt ih fkr |meo `hl Df`z|kr 0> m |fk Omma m |fk Lk`l&ih ~fidf tkhk| it ekh|imhkl)# |f`| |fk ~mrl tkhk| ek`ht z`ttihn# `hl |fk dmeemh ihdc{timh m tkhk|om`rlt `hl zikdkt ih `hdikh| Knyz|i`h |meot |mnk|fkr eàk ` dmezkccihn d`tk mr |fk nèk `ctm f`wihnzrmm{hl tyeomcid tinhiid`hdk ih rkzrktkh|ihn |fk z`tt`nk m |fk lkdk`tkl |frm{nf |fk {hlkr~mrcl# |fkzrik mr rk`dfihn |fk m|fkr tilk okihn ieemr|`ci|y(

Tkk `ctm \fk Nmlt Mtirit `hl @|{e &z`nkt ;? |m ;;)(


11/11

\fk z`||krh |f`| lkdmr`|kt

|fk tilk m Hkkr|`rit |frmhk

it rkeihitdkh| m |fk tkrkaf#

mr z`c`dk# fikrmncyzf#

tinh`cihn |f`| |fit it ` rmy`c

tk`| &tkk `ctm z`nk

the hidden life of ancient egypt

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