the impact of reference linking on the creation and use of references/citations
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The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations. CENDI/FLICC Workshop Library of Congress June 21, 2000 Deb Bendig, OCLC [email protected]. Outline. Data considerations Presentation of links Appropriate copy issue Centralized vs.. local linking - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 1 of 24
The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations
CENDI/FLICC Workshop
Library of Congress
June 21, 2000
Deb Bendig, OCLC
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 2 of 24
Outline
Data considerations
Presentation of links
Appropriate copy issue
Centralized vs.. local linking
Other considerations - one slide only!
New partnerships
Summary
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 3 of 24
What is a citation?
• A reference in an article
• An item in a bibliography
• A record in a citation or A&I database
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 4 of 24
Interesting citation data
• Author
• Title
• Journal/ISSN
• Year
• Volume
• Issue
• 1st page number
• Unique ID
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 5 of 24
Recommendation
• When providing article data:
– Identify each citationIdentify each citation
– Put citation data elements into distinct fieldsPut citation data elements into distinct fields
– Include any unique article ID you have, even if not to Include any unique article ID you have, even if not to be displayedbe displayed
– Use standards where possibleUse standards where possible
– Include any unique article ID in the citation!Include any unique article ID in the citation!
– Include a unique article ID for the article!Include a unique article ID for the article!
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 6 of 24
Digression
The best article identifier is
• associated with the article from the beginning
of the publication process,
• displayed with the article, and
• carried in all references to the article.
Make unique article ids ubiquitous!
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 7 of 24
Where will the links appear?
• HTML articles
• Within PDF articles?
• HTML versions of PDF articles
• PS/TeX/etc. articles?
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 8 of 24
Presentation of links
• Should links be printable?
– Anything displayed in a browser printsAnything displayed in a browser prints
– If link is durable, consider displayingIf link is durable, consider displaying
– And, links may be different for different people, And, links may be different for different people, depending on rightsdepending on rights
• Should links be branded?
– May be required by full-text sourceMay be required by full-text source
– Good for unambiguous id of sourceGood for unambiguous id of source
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 9 of 24
Where do the links come from?
Publisher adds them• Manual process $$$$
• Automated process to id citations, extract data, batch match against...existing full-text systems?
• Link maintenance?
• Record updated when new sources available?
• Assumes all users of data have access via specified link(s)
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 10 of 24
Where do the links come from?
“System” adds them
• Automated process, based on :
– Available citation dataAvailable citation data
– Available matching articlesAvailable matching articles
– User rights informationUser rights information
• On-the-fly or continuously updated
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 11 of 24
Automated article linking challenges
• Granularity
• Will the real article title stand up?
• Special characters
• Versions/editions/manifestations– Reissued articleReissued article
– Modified articleModified article
– Different ISSN for electronic version of journalDifferent ISSN for electronic version of journal
• Remedy: TOCs?
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For now, assume a perfect match...
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Appropriate copy issue
• Same articles available from multiple sources
• Library or user has paid for access from one or
more source
• How does a system know the best full-text
links to display to a user?
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Library defines their best link sources
• E-holdings consist of
– Multiple sourcesMultiple sources
– Possibly some overlapPossibly some overlap
– Possibly different source for different time periodsPossibly different source for different time periods
– Possibly multiple formats, with preferred order Possibly multiple formats, with preferred order
• Can change frequently
• Therefore, library holdings profile
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 15 of 24
Sources
• Multiple sources of articles– CrossRef, NIH/NCBI initiativesCrossRef, NIH/NCBI initiatives– Direct from publisherDirect from publisher– Aggregator servicesAggregator services
• Overlapping coverage among sources
• Multiple formats: ASCII, HTML, PDF
• Varying linking mechanisms
• Agreements may control availability via system
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 16 of 24
Journal Sources Profile
For each available source, track:• Journal Title
• ISSN
• Coverage
• Format(s)?
• Linking mechanism/requirements (query, DOI, unique ID)
• Authentication requirements?
And/or, have a database of all available articles, with links
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 17 of 24
Given a link, what does the user get?
• An article (or TOC)
– ““No dead links!”No dead links!”
– Requires knowledge of article’s existence, e.g, Requires knowledge of article’s existence, e.g,
database of articles database of articles
• The possibility of an article
– Service uses profile of source holdings and Service uses profile of source holdings and
assumes all articles are availableassumes all articles are available
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 18 of 24
Centralized vs. local linking
• Centralized:
– System provided for librariesSystem provided for libraries
– Each system must know library profileEach system must know library profile
– Links or associated services limited to system Links or associated services limited to system agreements/capabilitiesagreements/capabilities
• Local (e.g., ExLibris SFX, consortia):
– Centralized holdings profile?’Centralized holdings profile?’
– Possibility of bigger pool of sources, servicesPossibility of bigger pool of sources, services
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 19 of 24
Other linking considerations
• Centralized library holdings profiling
• Authentication (especially remote user)
• Guaranteed archival access
• Per-article purchase
• Linking standards
• Source of article-use statistics for library
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 20 of 24
New partnerships
Libraries ask online services for:– Full-text coverage matching their access rightsFull-text coverage matching their access rights– Currency: how quickly new full text integrated?Currency: how quickly new full text integrated?– Quality of linkingQuality of linking
• %-age dead links%-age dead links• %-age incorrectly linked articles%-age incorrectly linked articles
– Persistent URLsPersistent URLs– Centralized holdings profileCentralized holdings profile– One-stop shopping, with title-level controlOne-stop shopping, with title-level control
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 21 of 24
New partnerships
Online services ask publishers for:
– Timely availability of online full textTimely availability of online full text
– Data to support accurate online linkingData to support accurate online linking• Standard metadataStandard metadata
• Unique article identifiers added in publishing processUnique article identifiers added in publishing process
• Persistent URLs for full textPersistent URLs for full text
– Remote authentication solutionsRemote authentication solutions
– Cost-effective access to full textCost-effective access to full text
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New partnerships
Publishers ask for:
– Accurate rights managementAccurate rights management
– Access to more subscribersAccess to more subscribers
– Continuation of revenue streamContinuation of revenue stream
– Tools to support data productionTools to support data production
– Remote authentication solutionsRemote authentication solutions
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 23 of 24
Summary
• Quality of linking becomes a significant
system discriminator
• There will be no one source for all full text
• Standards will provide the best environment
for reference linking
• Opportunities for new centralized services
CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000Slide 24 of 24
Questions?