THE INDONESIAN ANCESTORS

THE INDONESIAN IMMIGRANTS▪ The History of the Filipino Languages contributed by the Indonesians

▪ The Governmental Contribution

▪ The Austronesians people and their languages

THE HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO LANGUAGES CONTRIBUTED BY THE INDONESIANS

▪ The Filipino languages have been influenced by many other language groups throughout their history, as well as being influenced by each other. Their position in the Pacific Ocean so near Asia has allowed them many opportunities for trade and correspondence with other nations and languages. In addition, various occupations of the region by different nations has brought the Filipino languages in to direct contact with many other languages, which have also had their influence.

▪ The first Indonesians are thought to have come to the Philippines in groups, beginning some 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and again about 1500 B.C. (Bautista). Linguistic evidence connects Tagalog with Bahasa Indonesia as having common roots, so the main root of the modern Filipino languages probably came with these people (although other groups of people are thought to have come to the Philippines much earlier).

THE GOVERNMENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the people lived in small towns called barangays. The leader of a barangay was called a Datu. Many barangays would cluster together for safety and protection. This way of life could have had a great affect on the languages at this time (Bautista).

• The people of the Philippines were not united under one government, but were under many smaller governments, and they had many different languages and many different dialects of each language. At this time, the different barangays traded openly with one another.

HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM THE MODERN CIVILIZATION TODAY?

DIFFERENCE ON THE MODERN CIVILIZATION

The word Barangay in modern use refers to the smallest administrative division in the Philippines, also known by its former Spanish adopted name, the barrio. This modern context for the use of the term barangay was adopted during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos when he ordered the replacement of the old barrios and municipal councils. This act was eventually codified under the 1991 Local Government Code .

There are a number of distinctions between the modern Barangay or Barrio, and the city-states and independent principalities encountered by the Spanish when they first arrived in 1521 and established relatively permanent settlements in 1574.

They owed their loyalty to different Datus. Also, while the modern barangay represents only the smallest administrative unit of government, the barangay of precolonial times was either independent, or belonged to what was only a loose confederation of several barangays, over which the rulers picked among themselves who would be foremost - known as the Pangulo or Rajah. In most cases, his function was to make decisions which would involve multiple barangays, such as disputes between members of two different barangays. Internally, each datu retained his jurisdiction.

EARLY BARANGAYS LIFESTYLE

The first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families. Most villages have only thirty to one hundred houses and the population varies from one hundred to five hundred persons. When the Spaniards came, they found communities with twenty to thirty people only. They also encountered large and prestigious principalities.

The original "barangays" were coastal settlements formed as a result of the migration of these Malayo-Polynesian people by boat from other places in Southeast Asia . Most of the ancient barangays were coastal or riverine in nature. This is because most of the people were relying on fishing for supply of protein and for their livelihood. They also travelled mostly by water up and down rivers, and along the coasts. Trails always followed river systems, which were also a major source of water for bathing, washing, and drinking.

The coastal villages were more accessible to trade with foreigners. These were ideal places for economic activity to develop. Business with traders from other Countries also meant contact with other cultures and civilizations.

In time, these coastal communities acquired more advanced cultures, with developed social structures ,ruled by established royalties and nobilities.

THE LINGUA FRANCA CONTRIBUTION

Indonesian belongs to the Austronesian language family which extends across the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

Other languages in this family include :• Malagasy (spoken on Madagascar off the coast of Africa), • Javanese (famous for its extraordinarily elaborate system of honorific speech levels), • Balinese (the language of the beautiful Hindu island of Bali), • Tagalog or Filipino (the national language of the Philippines), • and Maori (the language of the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand).

Some Indonesian words have been borrowed into English, among them the common words gong, orangoutang and sarong, and the less common words paddy, sago and kapok. The phrase “to run amock” comes from the Indonesian verb amuk (to run out of control killing people indiscriminately).

The core vocabulary of Indonesian is Austronesian, but the language has also borrowed innumerable commonly used words from Sanskrit, Arabic, Dutch, English and local languages, especially from Javanese and Jakartan Malay.

THE AUSTRONESIAN PEOPLE

The internal structure of the Austronesian languages is complex. The family consists of many similar and closely related languages with large numbers of dialect continua, making it difficult to recognize boundaries between branches. However, it is clear that the greatest genealogical diversity is found among the Formosan languages of Taiwan, and the least diversity among the islands of the Pacific, supporting a dispersal of the family from Taiwan or China. The first comprehensive classification to reflect this was Dyen (1965).

The Austronesian-speaking peoples are various populations in Southeast Asia and Oceania that speak languages of the Austronesian family. They include Taiwanese aborigines; the majority ethnic groups of Malaysia, East Timor, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Madagascar, Micronesia, and Polynesia, as well as the Polynesian peoples of New Zealand and Hawaii, and the non-Papuan people of Melanesia.

They are also found in the minorities of Singapore where Malay is an indigenous language, the Pattani region of Thailand, and the Cham areas of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Hainan, China. The territories populated by Austronesian-speaking peoples are known collectively as Austronesia.

THE CULTURE

WRITINGS - An Austronesian abugida known as a “Baybayin” .

EXAMPLE OF WORDS THAT WE’VE ADAPTED FROM INDONESIANS

SALAMAT

REFERENCES

• HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/BARANGAY_%28PRE-COLONIAL%29

• HTTP://IPLL.MANOA.HAWAII.EDU/INDONESIAN/ABOUT/BAHASA-INDONESIA-THE-INDONESIAN-LANGUAGE/

• HTTP://LINGUISTICS.BYU.EDU/CLASSES/LING450CH/REPORTS/FILIPINO.HTML

• HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/NATIVE_INDONESIANS

• HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/MODELS_OF_MIGRATION_TO_THE_PHILIPPINES