the kingdom animalia : unifying characteristics and major divisions
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The Kingdom Animalia : Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions. I edited this power point from Eric Kessler . Unifying Characteristics. Multicellular Can generate movement Haploid Gametes Diploid Somatic Cells Embryonic Development Mitochondrial Eukaryotes Heterotrophic - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Kingdom Animalia:Unifying Characteristics
and Major Divisions
I edited this power point from Eric Kessler
Unifying Characteristics• Multicellular• Can generate movement• Haploid Gametes• Diploid Somatic Cells • Embryonic Development• Mitochondrial Eukaryotes• Heterotrophic• Aerobic Respiring
Haploid Gametes• In animals the
adults produce haploid (having half the number of chromosomes) gametes through meiosis
Diploid Somatic Cells• As the zygote
develops the resulting body or somatic cells are diploid
The Embryonic Blastula• After fertilization of
an egg by sperm, the resulting diploid (having two pairs of chromosomes) zygote rapidly goes through mitosis
• All animals become a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula
Gastrulation & The Gut• After the blastula
stage, in some animals cells migrate to the interior forming the primitive gut
• In Protostomes the initial pore forms the mouth, while in the Deuterostomes this pore forms the anus
Mitochondrial Eukaryotes• Cells contain
Mitochondria inside that carry on Cellular Respiration
• O2 + Glucose CO2 + H2O + ATP
Heterotrophic and Aerobic Respiring
• In order to acquire the Glucose necessary for cellular respiration animals must be consumers and eat organisms already containing glucose
• In order to acquire the Oxygen gas necessary for cellular respiration animals must have mechanisms of obtaining oxygen
The Body Planes
Types of symmetry
Photo. http://images.tutorvista.com/content/animal-kingdom/animal-symmetry-types.jpeg accessed 8/21/2012 11:32 EST.
Spherical Symmetry
Radial Symmetry• Body plan in
which the body parts are arranged regularly around a central axis (multiple planes cut into mirror halves)
Bilateral Symmetry• Body plan in
which body parts are arranged into a left and right around a central plane (one plane cuts into mirror images)
• Cephalization results from this plan
Cephalization• This describes the collection of
neural cells into one common location to form a brain or ganglion.
• Usually in bilateral animals.• Is associated with a mouth since
mouths require so much information processing.
Left: brain of child with Microcephaly Right normal child’s brain size
Cephalopod head
foot
Segmentation• Segmented
organisms have a repeating series of body units that may or may not be similar to one another
Major Divisions• Symmetry, Movement, &
Cephalization• Gastrulation & Gut Formation• Dermal Tissues & Coelome
Development• Segmentation
Coelome Development:Acoelomate
• The coelome is a fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesodermal tissue
• Acoelomate animals lack a fluid filled cavity and are Triploblastic
Pseudocoelomate• Pseudocoelomate
animals have a fluid filled cavity but it is not contained within mesoderm tissue. Instead it lies between the mesoderm and endoderm
• Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic (having an Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm)
Eucoelomate• Eucoelomate
animals have a true fluid filled cavity contained with in the mesoderm
• Eucoelomates are also Triploblastic