the leicestershire archaeological
TRANSCRIPT
The Leicestershire Archaeologicaland Historical Society
TransactionsVolume 90 2016
Hon. Editor
Jill Bourne, M.A., Ph.D.
Hon. Reviews Editor
Peter Walker, LL.B., M.A., Ph.D.
Published by the SocietyThe GuildhallLeicesterLE1 5FQ
General communications relating to the Society’s business should be sent to the Hon. Secretary, The Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, The Guildhall, Guildhall Lane, Leicester LE1 5FQ. Societies in union are requested to direct their publications, sent in exchange, to the Hon. Librarian, at the same address.
The Editor will be pleased to consider contributions submitted for publication. They should be typed with double spacing and available in electronic form.
Guidance for authors can be found on the website of the Society at www.le.ac.uk/lahs
All contributions should be addressed to
Dr Jill Bourne,Hon. Ed. TLAHS,ULAS,School of Archaeological Studies,University of Leicester,University Road,Leicester LE1 7RH.
All reasonable care will be taken of such material, but the Society and its officers cannot accept responsibility for its accidental destruction or loss. ISSN 0140–3990
© The Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording by any information storage or retrieval system, without the permission in writing of the Society.
Designed and printed in Great Britain by 4word Ltd, Bristol.
CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations v
Contributors vi
An Early Holocene Peat Sequence from Slip Inn Quarry, Ashby Parva, Leicestershire 1Matt Hurford, Bronwen Whitney, John Giorgi, Howard Jones and Andy Howard
Late Neolithic Art and Symbolism at Rothley Lodge Farm, Leicester Road, Rothley (SK 592 140) 13Patrick Clay and Leon Hunt
A Middle Iron Age Enclosure and a Romano-British Shrine Complex near Egleton, Rutland 67Jim Brown
A Middle to Late Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Rothley, The Grange 103Tim Upson-Smith
The Rothley Shaft: an Historical Art-Historical Reassessment 141Frances Hughes
The Reformation in Leicester, Leicestershire c.1480–1590 157Eleanor Hall
Aspects of the Parish of Broughton Astley in the Late Seventeenth Century revealed in Unpublished Abstracts and Notes 177Muriel Paterson
The Structural Transformation of Landownership in an Industrialising Town: Loughborough, c.1650–1890 199David Postles
The Emergence and Functioning of District Relief Committees during World War One: a Case Study of Hinckley, Leicestershire 215John Martin and Robert King
Leicestershire and the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19 245Joan Knight
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Addendum to The Skeffingtons of Skeffington 273Mark Skevington
Obituary 275Jill Bourne
Reviews 279Hon Ed. Peter Walker
Archaeology in Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland 2015 285Ed. John Thomas
The Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society 160th Annual Report 2014–2015 337
Officers of the Society 2013–2014 341
Index 343
Abbreviations
The abbreviations of titles of periodicals or serial publications used in Transactions follow the principles set down in British Standard 4148 (1970). In addition, the following abbreviations are regularly used in Transactions:
AASRP Associated Architectural Societies Reports and PapersAPS Archaeological Project ServicesBA Bennett ArchivesBAR British Archaeological Reports (British and International series)BL British LibraryB.M. Harl. British Library, Harleian manuscriptsBNJ British Numismatic JournalCal. Close Calendar of Close RollsCal. Inq. p.m. Calendar of inquisition post mortemsCal. Pat. Calendar Patent RollsCal. SP Dom Calendar of State Papers, DomesticCBA Council for British ArchaeologyDir. DirectoryDerbys RO Derbyshire Record OfficeDNB Dictionary of National BiographyEHD English Historical DocumentsHBMC Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission (English Heritage)Inq. InquisitionInq. p. m. Inquisition post mortemLA Lincolnshire ArchivesLCMS Leicester City Museums ServiceLeics LeicestershireLinc. Reg. Lincoln RegisterLMARS Leicestershire Museums, Arts and Records ServiceMin. Account Roll Ministers Account RollMS ManuscriptMS Rawl. Rawlinson Manuscript, BodleianNA Northamptonshire ArchaeologyNPG National Portrait GalleryOS Ordnance SurveyPRO Public Record OfficeRCHME Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of EnglandROLLR Record Office of Leicester, Leicestershire and RutlandPRO Public Record OfficeRCM Rutland County MuseumROLLR Record Office for Leicester, Leicestershire and RutlandTLAS Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological Society (1921/2–54)TLAAS Transactions of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological
Society (1866–1912/13)TLAHS Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society
(1955–)TNA The National ArchiveULAS University of Leicester Archaeological ServicesVCH Victoria County History
CONTRIBUTORS
Matt Hurford has been a field archaeologist for over a decade working mainly in the East Midlands, principally on large scale projects in advance of gravel quarrying. He is currently a Project Officer at Trent & Peak Archaeology.
Bronwen Whitney is a palaeoecologist with interests in the dynamics of global climate change and long-term vegetation histories. She is a lecturer within the Department of Geography at the University of Northumbria.
John Giorgi is a freelance archaeobotanist with over 30 years experience of assessing and analysing charred, ‘waterlogged’ and mineralised plant remains from multi-period excavation sites in the British Isles, mainland Europe (mainly Italy) and further afield (notably Turkey, Libya, the Near East).
Howard Jones joined Trent & Peak Archaeology in 1996 and is now its Regional Director. He has a particular interest in the early medieval period in the East Midlands and has been involved in a number of major excavations which have produced evidence of early Anglo-Saxon rural settlement.
Andy J. Howard is a geoarchaeologist who now runs his own landscape research consultancy. He also holds a Honorary Fellowship within the Department of Archaeology at the University of Durham.
Patrick Clay has been researching into the prehistory of the East Midlands since the 1970’s and has a particular expertise in the Neolithic–Bronze Age settlement and land use of the County. Since 1995 he has been co-director of ULAS having previously worked for Leicestershire Archaeological Unit.
Leon Hunt has been a senior supervisor with ULAS since 2003, having previously worked for Trent and Peak Archaeology. He has directed numerous archaeological projects in the East Midlands and undertook the documentary research for the Greyfriars project as a precursor to the discovery of the burial of Richard III in 2012.
Jim Brown is a member of the management team at MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) where he leads on urban development and infrastructure projects for highways, pipelines and reservoirs. He holds a BA degree from the University of Cardiff and a diploma in post-graduate management from Trinity St David. He has conducted research in East Africa and Uganda and has worked for local authorities in Cambridge and is now with Northamptonshire arm of MOLA. He has excavated and published journal articles on medieval urban sites, and rural Iron Age/Romano-British sites. He is closely involved with the East Midlands Archaeological Research
contributors vii
Framework, and supports local archaeological groups. Recently he has undertaken work on several major highways and is working on the publication of some of these schemes.
Tim Upson-Smith began his archaeological career as a volunteer with the Suffolk Archaeological Unit in 1993. He graduated from the University of Wales, Lampeter in 1997. He then joined Northamptonshire Archaeology (now MOLA) in 2000. He has supervised numerous excavations on sites from the Iron Age to recent times including two community archaeology projects. He has worked also on several historic building surveys.
Frances Hughes read History of Art as an undergraduate at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Her paper on the Rothley cross-shaft is based on her final year thesis, which was supervised by Dr Anna Gannon. She is currently studying for an MPhil in History of Art at Cambridge, focusing on diagrammatic imagery in early modern England.
Eleanor Hall is a graduate of the University of Leicester from which she holds a First Class Degree in History. Her research interests are primarily in Local and Religious History, in particular the Reformation. She has completed an internship in Community Outreach with the Diocese of Leicester, and is currently employed as a Care Support Worker prior to studying for an Adult Nursing degree in 2017.
Muriel (Walker) Paterson is a retired Senior Lecturer in Biology at the University of Leicester. She hold a BSC (Hons) Zoology, St Andrews, 1966; PhD Zoology, St Andrews, 1970; BA (Hons) in Humanities with Classical Studies and History, Open University, 2009, MA (merit) English Local History, University of Leicester, 2013.
Dave Postles is an independent researcher and was formerly a University Fellow in the School of English, University of Leicester (2005–2010). He is now Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Hertfordshire.
John Martin is Professor of Agrarian History at De Montfort University. In addition, to his research and publications focussing on the transformation of agriculture and rural life, he was the agricultural consultant for BBC’s Wartime Farm series, Tudor Monastery Farm series and Full Steam Ahead.
Robert King, PhD, MA, BA (Hons), Chartered MCIPD spent his working life in and around cast metal foundries before latterly moving to the plastics industry. In semi-retirement he gained his history PhD and MA at De Montfort University and is currently working with Professor John Martin on a series of articles investigating the social history of Hinckley during the First World War.
Joan Knight was born and raised in Loughborough where her parents ran a grocery shop. She was educated at Thomas Rawlins Grammar School for Girls in Quorn but left at 16. She married at 17 and after having two sons, went back to education, achieving a BA (Hons) degree in the History of Modern Art and Design at Leicester
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Polytechnic, which included a placement with the Mary Rose Trust in Portsmouth, followed by a PGCE in Art and Design Education. She taught in Leicester secondary schools and 6th form colleges for 25 years as a specialist both in English for Academic Purposes and in Specific Learning Difficulties (dyslexia/dyspraxia). She also taught in summer schools for overseas students, including residential courses at Eton College. She now works as a specialist tutor at Loughborough University. She has a MA in Local and Regional History and a PhD in History (Nottingham University).