the levinson-asimov-clarke phenomenon (third edition)

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Forward

Somewhere around 2007 to present 2011, I have been doing research that resulted in twolines of work; “Searching For A Vision Of Humankind” and “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon”. Both seemed to end with the question: Will humankind succeed,or will it fail? And, there was some kind of indication as to what we need to look at, if weare to take our destiny into our own hands and succeed. These indications, that arearrived at through much natural investigation, give us a beginning point to work from,rather than offer the exact solution, and the question remains, in so far as this research isscience done in a very unorthodox fashion, are we racing against the clock and shouldthis be pursued right away, or do we have much time to work things out? I don’t know,but when we look at the world situation, I seem to think it is the former.

In this second edition of “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon”, I have integratedinto it my work “Searching For A Vision Of Humankind”. The result is a comprehensivevision of the human situation, which is outlined in the former, and the suggestion as towhat we need to look at, to solve that situation is in the latter.

Much more work needs to be done, and, the undertaking will be immense, but I believethere is something here worth pursuing. While the content found within these pages is alot, and very thick, it is still only an outline.

Ian BeardsleyApril 4, 2011

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Preface To The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon.

While contemplating the Universe and researching how it is connected to the future ofhumans gets at the meaning of life in that it not only stimulates the mind but is pivotal tothe survival of humanity, one must first address the political and economic situation, if heor she is to live in a world where he or she is afforded the opportunity to think creatively.

Creative thinking, as H.G. Wells pointed out, is the most crucial factor in keeping pacewith finding solutions that can solve the rapidly growing problems that can bring ourexistence out of existence. Building a Utopia, if not simply a viable world order thatsatisfies every person’s needs, by understanding the Universe, is a wonderful idea. But,suppression of free thought will continue to rise if we do not first address the moreimmediate problem at hand, which is quite simple to describe: We have a governmentthat is basically saying that they can take everything for themselves and that the peoplecan go suck eggs.

This is evident in the government bailing out banks and subsidizing the rich, allottingmassive funds to wars, then cutting jobs in the public sectors here at home and telling theworkers they can no longer have benefits and cannot negotiate the terms of their workcontracts, while giving themselves pay raises, good health insurance, and retirementbenefits, all of which are greatly reduced in the lives of the people and is tending towardsnil.

The work I have done on this project so far, will remain unchanged because it can serveas a basis for taking a new direction, as opposed to being the solution itself, as it is. Thatis to say, it will no longer be an apolitical exploration of the nature of the Universe butthe direction of the research will be guided by a political activism that is rooted inAmerica being a government for the people by the people.

Ian BeardsleyMarch 28, 2011

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Introduction To The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon

If you read a first year introduction to Archaeology, one of the first things you will learnis that civilizations formed around agriculture, and that lead to the development ofsystems of societies and the developments of cultures, that allowed humans to deal withhigher complexity as they grew.

But is that new news? We now have Complexity Theory, which tells us that the form thatsocieties take have a potential to carry civilization so far, and at some point collapse to asimpler system, because they can only carry so much of a load, and the load increaseswith time.

And, indeed, if you have read the book “Collapse”, by Jared Diamond, it tells us currentpolitical systems are not compatible with the science of nature, and nature is resources,which determines completely the economic wealth of the world. Furthermore, there is notan infinite supply of resources, and those that do renew, like water and air, are threatenedby the way we treat nature, which is fully determined by our economic systems. Thesolution to ensuring that renewable resources renew, rests, in the author’s point of view,in steady-state economics, what has come to be known as bioeconomics. As far asfinding more resources that are not renewable goes, I believe the best answer, currently,rests in colonizing the solar system, though with nuclear fusion, once adequatelydeveloped, we would be able, through nuclear chemistry, to make any resource, such asgold or silver from something as common as sand. As far as energy goes, the sunlight thatpasses us every day, is energy that could be harnessed, and that could satisfy the planet’sneeds, if solar technology was sufficiently developed.

Is it some kind of coincidence, from what has been said here concerning humanexistence, that the time wave of Terence McKenna, which he has purported maps out theevents of time, ends in 2012?

With complexity theory in mind, that is, now that we understand civilizations collapsewhen they run out of potential, instead of letting them collapse to something crude, canwe not map out a future that has a great deal of potential?

I believe the greatest potential for a human society, can be found in the works of some ofthe great science fiction writers of our past and present times. That will be the scope ofthis book, to map out a better future for humankind before the current world order losesall of its potential, using science fiction.


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Our Planet And Its Worth

As I looked out to the Western Horizon, and saw a beautiful Sunsetting, it illuminated the lush, rich Chaparral Habitat, of beautifuldeciduous trees that are here in this Southern California Valley,and I thought how precious is the Earth a planet considering therarity in which planets form in the orbit of The Habitable Zone of astar, and that in turn converge with all of the right factors, such asoceans of water and proper atmospheric composition to allow lifeto evolve into intelligence.

We know Earthlike planets are certainly great in number given theimmense size of the Universe and its immense content of stars, butcertainly the number pales in comparison to the number of starsystems that have dead worlds.

It dawned on me we do not know all the forces that were in play tomake such an extraordinary planet occur, and given that life had tobe safe on it for 600 million years for intelligence to evolve fromthe first single cellular organisms, it is extraordinary. That meansduring all that time nothing from deep space collided with theEarth large enough to dash it to pieces, and the Earth spin andorbital elements were right enough that climate was appropriate forlife sustaining conditions and that the earth did not gradually spiralinto the sun.

Therefore, I thought, with so much invested in the Earth, wouldhumans be allowed to upset and destroy the delicate naturalsystems that make life on it possible, like the carbon, water, andnitrogen cycles. Certainly, would not advanced intelligent life fromsomewhere else not step in and say: “If humans cannot take care ofthis gem, we can.”

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Could that not be why it seems we are being monitored by lifefrom elsewhere in the universe? Could that not account for thoseUFO sightings that seem legitimate?


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Fiction/Reality Entanglement

The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon is evidence forfiction/reality entanglement, where fiction is the creation of eventsor material existences invented in the mind of a writer and realityis the state of the Universe throughout time or in a particularinstant.

I have stumbled upon breathtaking empirical occurrences of thisphenomenon, not while setting out to do so, but having comeacross the phenomenon. That is why I have decided to pursue it asresearch. I find it to have the potential to go way out there andcome back with something concrete and exciting.

I find the writer, or observer, cannot be separated from the event,or intersection between fiction and reality, therefore the researchsometimes involves autobiography, and is behind why I haveincluded much of what I write with the date upon which I wrote it.For instance I connected my growth rate constant towardhyperdrive to the McKenna timewave on the evening of 2011’sSupermoon and began work that revealed the Levinson-Asimov-Clarke phenomenon during the two year 2009 eclipse of the starEpsilon Aurigae, which I measured 27 years before during its lasteclipse at the state observatory in Oregon.

I have found that human entanglement can be verified by life inMexico and Italy. I have spent some time in both countries andfind there is a certain kind of magic that happens in both countrieswhere everything “works out” without trying. I also find that bothcountries have similar cultures that allow for this, as evidenced intheir literature. I understand South America to be this way too.Consider the Italian work, “The Castle Of Crossed Destinies” andthe Latin work “Aunt Julia And The Scriptwriter”. Since I don’tsee it appropriate to reduce people and their cultures to numbers, Iwill not be reductionist in my description of their ways of life.

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What are the benefits of fiction/reality entanglement? I think it is atthe root of trying to create a truly operational psychohistory.Psychohistory was the science fiction idea of Isaac Asimov wherefuture events and states of civilizations could be predicted inmathematical probabilities.

Some mathematicians have been serious about trying to createsuch a mathematics while others have said it is probablyimpossible. All agree that if it is possible it is as monumental a taskas a Unified Field Theory, the holy grail of physics.

My approach seems to differ from that of others working on apsychohistorical mathematics in that I am not using history aloneas input but am showing, as well, there is a connection betweenhumans and the universe, and how and why is related to the waysof life in Italy and Latin America.

I have begun to write about what happens in those countries in mybook and online paper, “The Levinson-Asimov-ClarkePhenomenon”.

In short, by looking at reality we can tell which way fiction will go, but by

looking at fiction, we can see which way reality will go. It is a Quantum

Mechanical Idea that the observer creates reality. Fiction and Reality are

Entangled.


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About The Saga

Gaia Hypothesis says the physical aspects of Earth interact withthe biological aspects of Earth to maintain such a system that takenas a whole is Gaia. It further tells us humans are a part of Gaia andif humans have become bad for Gaia in some way, Gaia willeliminate humans to adjust the system for its own good. I believe,from my work in “The Exciting Neptune Saga”, that the planetNeptune holds a clue as to what humans need to do to counter theirnegative effects on Gaia.

The Exciting Neptune Saga by Ian Beardsley differs from TheSpace Odyssey series of Arthur C. Clarke in that it is not about theplanet Jupiter and the birth of a new life bearing star system in oursolar system. It is about the planet Neptune and how it holds thekey to the success of humanity and the planet Earth.

Becoming a spacefaring civilization is, in my point of view, more asocial and political problem than a technological one.

If the people were to get behind their governments with suchaspirations, and the governments were to use resources wiselywhile managing things for the well being of the people, thetechnology would come of its own accord. It is already advancingat astonishing rates.

It is the purpose of this work to find reason to go into space thatcan be presented to society, to get them behind the goal of thesettlement of the solar system, and even behind the goal of goingto the stars, both of which would have immense returns.

This work also strives to find the secret behind life sustaining starsystems so as to create, maintain, and rejuvenate them. Such anendeavor could be called a “project genesis”.

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The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon

Third Edition

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2008 – 2011 by Ian Beardsley

Cover Art By Ian Beardsley

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I have written three papers on the anomaly of how my scientific investigation shows theUniverse related to the science fiction of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C.Clarke. In my last paper, “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation” part of thecomprehensive work “The Levinson, Asimov, Clarke Triptic, I suggest these threeauthors should be taken together to make some kind of a whole, that they are intertwinedand at the heart of science fiction. I have now realized a fourth paper is warranted, and itis just the breakthrough I have been looking for to put myself on solid ground with theclaim that fiction is related to reality in a mathematical way pertaining to the Laws ofNature.

In my paper Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke Intertwined With AnAstronomer’s Research, I make the mathematical prediction that “humans have a 70%chance of developing Hyperdrive in the year 2043” to word it as Paul Levinson wordedit, and I point out that this is only a year after the character Sierra Waters is handed anewly discovered document that sets in motion the novel by Paul Levinson, “The Plot ToSave Socrates”.

I now find that Isaac Asimov puts such a development in his science fiction at a similartime in the future, precisely in 2044, only a year after my prediction and two years afterSierra Waters is handed the newly discovered document that initiates her adventure. So,we have my prediction, which is related to the structure of the universe in a mystical wayright in between the dates of Levinson and Asimov, their dates only being a year less anda year greater than mine.

Asimov places hyperdrive in the year 2044 in his short story “Evidence” which is part ofhis science fiction collection of short stories called, “I, Robot”.

This is a collection of short stories where Robot Psychologist Dr. Susan Calvin isinterviewed by a writer about her experience with the company on earth in the future thatfirst developed sophisticated robots. In this book, the laws of robotics are created and theidea of the positronic brain introduced, and the nature of the impact robots would have onhuman civilization is explored. Following this collection of stories Asimov wrote threemore novels, which comprise the robot series, “The Caves of Steel”, “The Naked Sun”,and “The Robots of Dawn”.

“I, Robot” is Earth in the future just before Humanity settles the more nearby stars. Thenovels comprising “The Robot Series” are when humanity has colonized the nearby starsystems, The Foundation Trilogy, and its prequels and sequels are about the timehumanity has spread throughout the entire galaxy and made an Empire of it. All of thesebooks can be taken together as one story, with characters and events in some, occurringin others.

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Hyperdrive is invented in I, Robot by a robot called The Brain, owned by the companyfor which Dr. Susan Calvin works when it is fed the mathematical logistical problems ofmaking hyperdrive, and asked to solve them. It does solve them and it offers the specs onbuilding an interstellar ship, for which two engineers follow in its construction. They arehumorously sent across the galaxy by The Brain, not expecting it, and brought back toearth in the ship after they constructed it. This was in the story in “I, Robot” titled“Escape!”.

But Dr. Susan Calvin states in the following short story, that I mentioned, “Evidence”:

“But that wasn’t it, either”…”Oh, eventually, the ship and others like it becamegovernment property; the Jump through hyperspace was perfected, and now we actuallyhave human colonies on the planets of some of the nearer stars, but that wasn’t it.”

“It was what happened to the people here on Earth in last fifty years that really counts.”

And, what happened to people on Earth? The answer is in the same story “Evidence”from which that quote is at the beginning. It was when the Regions of the Earth formedThe Federation. Dr. Susan Calvin says at the end of the story “Evidence”:

“He was a very good mayor; five years later he did become Regional Co-ordinator. Andwhen the Regions of Earth formed their Federation in 2044, he became the first WorldCo-ordinator.”

It is from that statement that I get my date of 2044 as the year Asimov projects forhyperdrive.


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Wikipedia Encyclopedia writes:

“Timewave zero" is a numerological formula that purports to calculate the ebband flow of "novelty", defined as increase in the universe's interconnectedness,or organised complexity,[66] over time. According to Terence McKenna, whoconceived the idea over several years in the early- to mid-1970s while usingpsilocybin mushrooms and DMT, the universe has a teleological attractor at theend of time that increases interconnectedness, eventually reaching a singularityof infinite complexity in 2012, at which point anything and everything imaginablewill occur simultaneously.”

There is a very attractive way to approaching the phenomenon that science fiction isinterconnected with cosmic events. Interconnectedness occurs, in my experience, both inItaly and in Mexico.

When I was married to a woman from Italy, we used to watch an American soap operacalled “The Bold and the Beautiful” when we were living in California. When my wifeand I went to Italy, it turned out that the mother of my wife liked the soap opera too, andthat it aired in Italy.

When my wife and I arrived in Italy, the show not only aired in Italy, but the entire castfor that show was in Italy, and it was being filmed there because it was part of the story inthe soap opera that the one of the characters in the story got a job as a fashion model inItaly, which brought her and all of her friends to Italy.

But, it went further than that. When I was in Italy, my wife and I watched a movie thatjust came out, I don’t remember the name, but it was about a writer who had writer’sblock, and his friend suggested that the two of them leave the city and go to a retreat outin nature to get a fresh view of life. However, the writer in the movie was going crazy atthe retreat because there was no television, and he was having a hard time being awayfrom watching the soap opera, “The Bold And The Beautiful”. When new tourists arrivedat the retreat, he yelled out from his cabin to them, “What has become of so, and so, inthe Bold and The Beautiful?”

Here we see fiction becoming intertwined with the life of my wife and I. But, such thingsfirst happened to me in Mexico.

I was going to school in Queretaro, Mexico about an hour north of Mexico City. When Iwas down in the plaza in Queretaro having lunch, two girls from Germany who werepassing through the city, and in Mexico because there parents worked there, asked mewhere they could find a place to stay. I told them they could stay at the house where I wasstaying. They stayed a few days, and then returned to the city where they lived.

A few days later, some fellow students and my self went traveling in Mexico. We went tothe town famous for nightlife, San Miguel de Allende. We got in a cab and asked thedriver to take us to a youth hostel, and we drove around for hours only to find that every

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place was full. It was because there was a big celebration going on in the city. So, the cabdriver dropped us off at one of the plazas and there we were thinking what we were goingto do when I ran into the two German girls I had let stay at my place in Queretaro. Iexplained to them that we were looking for a place to stay but everything was full.

They said they had a place to stay and that we could stay there. We were told to go totheir window at a particular Motel, they would throw us the keys to their room out thewindow, and we were to walk through the main office of the Hotel, show them the keysand act like we already rented a room there.

So, there is a certain kind of magic in Italy and Mexico that is very real, that verifies thetheory of interconnectedness in the theory of timewave zero. Such a theme is common toSouth American Literature. Consider the novel “Aunt Julia and The Scriptwriter” byMario Vargas Llosa. It is about a scriptwriter who is writing a weekly soap opera for aradio theater and it comes to the point she cannot distinguish her life from the soap she iswriting and does not know after awhile which is real, the radio drama or her life.

We have learned that the theory of timewave zero has an equation that shows howeverything in the Universe tends towards a higher degree of interconnectedness. I think itis time I learn to use the equation and input the dates that crop up in my astronomicalresearch with those that crop up in the science fiction of Paul Levinson and IsaacAsimov.


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Another fine example of interconnectedness is put forth in the book “The Castle ofCrossed Destinies” by Italo Calvino, an Italian writer. In this story an old castle is an innfor travelers. After food and drink at the same table in the castle, one night, all of thetravelers strangers to one another, begin a process where one person lays out a tarot cardand tells a story about it that relates to his travels before he arrived at the in. He lays outcards forming lines that tell his story, then other travelers lay out cards telling therestories, but find they can use cards that other travelers already used and it turns out theyhave the same meaning sometimes. So, though these travelers never met, theyencountered in their travels the same people or events at times, they find. The finishedlayout looks like a finished game of dominoes with points of intersection at many spots.It turns out that everyone shared experiences in common but had never met one another,hence the title of the book, The Castle of “Crossed Destinies.”

One could say Paul Levinson and Isaac Asimov could lay down the same card for the starAlpha Centauri, because that star was involved in my calculation for hyperdrive thatintersected with The Plot To Save Socrates and I, Robot. A crossed destiny of a sort.

It might be a good idea to read The Invisible Landscape by Terence McKenna secondedition 1993.

McKenna’s timewave, which shows the ebb and flow of time, goes off the chart or toinfinity, in other words, in 2012. So it is impossible to see what happens beyond that date.It would suggest that time ends in 2012, or a new reality begins then. McKenna suggeststhat the timewave goes off the chart in 2012 because that is when we invent time travel,in which case the timewave would no longer be linear.


I watched a video on youtube about Terence McKenna where he lectured on histimewave zero theory. I found there was not an equation for his timewave zero graph butthat a computer algorithm generated the graph of the wave. The next day I did a search onthe internet to see if a person could download timewave software for free. As it turnedout one could, for both Mac and pc. It is called “Timewave Calculator Version 1.0”. Idownloaded the software and found you had to download it every time after you quit theapplication and that you could not save the graph of your results or print them out. So Idid a one-time calculation. It works like this: you input the range of time over which youwant see the timewave and you cannot calculate past 2012, because that is when thetimewave ends. You also put in a target date, the time when you want to get a rating forthe novelty of the event that occurred on that day. You can also click on any point in thegraph to get the novelty rating for that time. I put in:

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Input:

Begin Date: December 27 1968 18 hours 5 minutes 37 secondsEnd Date: December 2 2011 0 hours 28 minutes 7 seconds

McKenna said in the video on youtube that the dips, or valleys, in the timewave graphrepresent novelties. So, I clicked on the first valley after 1969 since that is the year wewent to the moon, and the program gave its novelty as:

Sheliak Timewave Value For Target:

0.0621

On Target Date: August 4, 1969 9 hours 53 minutes 38 seconds

I was happy to see this because, I determined that the growth rate constant, k, that rate atwhich we progress towards hyperdrive, in my calculation in my work AsimovianPrediction For Hyperdrive, that gave the date 2043, a year after Sierra Waters was handedthe newly discovered document that started her adventure in The Plot To Save Socrates,by Paul Levinson, and a year before Isaac Asimov had placed the invention of hyperdrivein his book I, Robot, was:

(k=0.0621)

The very same number!!!

What does that mean? I have no idea; I will find out after I buy The Invisible Landscapeby Terence McKenna, Second Edition, and buy a more sophisticated timewave softwarethan that which is offered for free on the net.


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I can say this. There are two possibilities:

We are either validating the time wave theory of Terrence McKenna whichsays either:

1) time ends in 2012 (wouldn't be fun)2) a new reality begins in 20123) we invent time travel in 2012 so that is why the McKenna timewave does not workpast 2012.

Or we are constructing a new timewave based on the science fiction of Levinson, Asimovand Clarke because their trajectory can be substantiated by a structure we are finding inthe universe, and the upside is it has no end, but rather suggests we will have hyperdriveby 2042 to 2044 and with that it secures the future of humankind into eternity.


The Same Number In Three Places

I have pointed out that 0.0621 = k the growth rate constant towards hyperdrive in mypaper, The Levinson,-Asmov-Clarke Phenomenon. I have pointed out that in McKennatime wave theory 0.0621 is is the novelty rating for 1969, the year man landed on themoon. Our counting system is base 10, it has been said probably because we have tenfingers. If we multiply 0.0621 by 10, that is increase it by a factor of ten, we get 0.621. Ifwe round that to two places after the decimal, it is 0.62. Let us consider the golden ratioconjugate. The golden ratio occurs throughout nature. It is in the rotation from leaf to leafaround the stem of a plant, for example. The golden ratio conjugate is just the inverse ofthe golden ratio. It is simply the separation between leaves around the stem of a plant,going in the other direction. It is equal to 0.618 to three places after the decimal. Let usround that to two places after the decimal. The eight rounds the one to two. The goldenratio conjugate is then 0.62 rounded to two places after the decimal. That is the samevalue as k increased by a factor of 10, and the same value as the novelty rating for 1969increased by a factor of ten. I find that interesting.


But let us ask again, which of the above two alternatives will be the case. I have found inother research that I have done, an equation that shows earth positioned between successand failure, an equation we can call “The Neptune Equation”. It indicates that the planetNeptune may hold the key to whether the earth is successful, or fails. The equation andhow I arrived at it can be found in the following passage, from my book, Searching For AVision Of Humankind”:

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Chapter 49: The Road From Ebla

Leonard followed the story of the 33 Chilean miners who were trapped

2000 feet below the earth in a dark cavern for over two months after their

mine exit had collapsed. These miners remained courageous, brave, and

held onto their humanity throughout the whole ordeal. To Leonard, these

men showed what the human spirit was capable of.

The government of Chile responded to the emergency with great

organization and did a great job. The coping techniques and space food to

the miners was provided by the United States Space Agency, NASA. It was

a marvel of engineering, as well, the capsule made by a NASA engineer that

brought the miners to the surface. He admired NASA greatly, because of

this, because they represented such a positive force in the world, as was

demonstrated in the rescue of the miners. There were 33 miners trapped

down there, and 33 years of age was the age they say Jesus died and was

resurrected. NASA and the spirit and strength of the miners were like a

salvation.

Yet, the president of the United States had recently shut down NASA as the

agency that would send man into space, and had decided to contract the

building of spacecraft to private industry. Leonard thought this was a

mistake. NASA, and the ESA (European Space Agency) were the most

positive forces in his life.

Since Leonard had begun working on his project several years back, he

always felt the planet Neptune held the answer to the salvation of the Earth

because of its vivacious, lively, incandescent blue. During the ordeal of the

miners, he was thinking about the equation he had developed that he

thought was most important, and finally he saw how it showed he was

correct. That Neptune held the key to the survival of Humanity. Just as the

last (33rd) miner was being pulled out from the collapsed mine and to the

surface of the Earth, he had finished writing what he had discovered. He

wrote in his Journal as follows:

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We have an equation for a sequence that shows the Earth straddled

between Venus and Mars. Venus is a failed Earth. Mars promises to be New

Earth. The equation, that I presented in my work, “The Document”, is:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars

orbital #) = a_n

The Mars orbital number is 4. If we want to know what planet in the solar

system holds the key to the success of Earth, or to the success of humans,

we let n =3 since the Earth is the third planet out from the Sun, in the

equation and the result is a_n = 17.6. This means the planet that holds the

key is Neptune. It has a mass of 17.23 earth masses, a number very close to

our 17.6. The next step is to analyze Neptune, its composition and other

factors._He thought he must have been blind. Not only was Neptune the

indicated planet, he found it had nearly the same surface gravity of earth.

Though it was much more massive than earth, it was much larger and

therefore less dense. That was why it came out to have the same surface

gravity.

Neptune belongs to what one could categorize as a family of planets. The

categorization is done by noticing four planets including Neptune have a

similar inclination to their orbit. These Four planets are Neptune, Saturn,

Earth, and Mars. Earth is the planet where humans originated, Mars

promises to be New Earth. It is appropriate that Neptune is in this family

of planets because we must set sail upon the cosmic ocean for Mars from

Earth, to survive as a species, and Neptune is the Sea God in Roman

mythology, which corresponds to Poseidon in Greek mythology. Neptune

carried a trident. Kurt Beardsley has told the tale of the Tuareg people, a

tribe of the Algerian desert who bears the trident as their symbol from a

time before oceans receded there leaving behind desert. It is believed, as he

has said, there is an ancient lost library in the mountains they take to,

second only to that of Alexandria and holding ancient undiscovered

manuscripts.

Where does the Neptune equation come from? The following Sequences:

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Chapter 24: The Document

Salvoretti had done it. The structure of the solar system and dynamic

elements of the Universe and Nature in general were tied up in the two

sequences:

5, 14, 23, 32,…

and

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Could he find the connection between the two to localize the pivotal point

of the solar system? Yes he could, he took their difference, subtracting

respective terms in the second sequence from those in the first sequence to

obtain the new sequence:

3.2, 10.4, 17.6, 24.8,…

Which is an arithmetic sequence with common difference of 7.2 meaning it

is written

7.2n – 4 = a_n

The a_n is the nth term of the sequence, n is the number of the term in the

sequence.

This he noticed could be written:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars

orbital #) = a_n

Here is where some of the sequences come from:

The Search For The Tarot: Chapter 16

Salvoretti began writing in his journal:

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We originally thought that 1.8 (9/5) occurred in the solar system and

nature, alone. It is the ratio of Saturn orbit to Jupiter orbit in their closest

approaches to the sun. It is the ratio of the solar radius to the lunar orbit. It

is ratio of the molar mass of gold to that of silver. Then I discovered that

approximately twice that value (3.7) was recurrent throughout the solar

system and nature. Twice 1.8 is 3.6. I found it occurred in Jupiter, Saturn,

Earth, Mercury, and Venus to name a few as 3.7. Now I have found it in

Neptune and Uranus, precisely:

(neptune orbit)/(uranus

orbit)=(30.0578)/(19.1819)=0.37957~0.38~0.37~0.36

0.37(earth mass)/(mars mass)=0.37(10)=3.7

It occurs here to me we are not just dealing with 1.8 and 3.7, but any whole

number multiple of 1.8. We are dealing with: a_n=1.8n

Let us try three times 1.8. It is 5.4. Immediately we see it in the most

obvious, Jupiter. It is the largest and most massive planet in the solar

system. Its furthest distance from the sun in its orbit is 5.455 AU ~ 5.4.

We see it in the following

(saturn mass)/(neptune mass)=(95.147)/(17.23)=5.522~5.4

I have already noted that Saturn and Neptune have similar inclinations to

their orbit that are only common to Earth and Mars.

Thus we are dealing here with the sequence:

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Furthermore;

[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)][(earth mass)/(mars mass)] = 7.2

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Some of the most interesting occurrences of 3.7 in nature are:

[(volume of saturn)/(volume of Jupiter)](volume of mars)

=(mercury radius)(earth radius)^2

=[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)(earth radius)]^3

=[(mercury orbit)/(earth orbit)](earth radius)^3

=0.37 cubic earth radii

0.37 can be converted to 3.7 by multiplying it by the ratio of earth mass to mars massbecause it is close to ten.

(earth radius)/(moon radius)=4(degrees in a circle)(moon distance)/(sun distance)

= 3.7

There are about as many days in a year as degrees in a circle

Indeed in the same book I have given good indication that Mars should represent thesuccess of the humankind. It can be found in the following passage:

23

The Coupling of Mars and Earth

Salvoretti and Tara are discussing things as they drive back to Turin.

Salvoretti: “Tara, I can’t get over what you said earlier that two of the

Pythagorean Solids have volumes, one of nine tetrahedra and the other of

five tetrahedra. There are only five Pythagorean solids and two of them

have volumes the same numbers as the distance to Jupiter and Saturn in

their closest approaches to the sun if the earth is at one unit from the sun!

This means the tetrahedron represents the earth because it has a volume of

one. This is interesting because the solar radius to the earth-moon distance

is 9 to 5, and 9 to 5 is the molar mass of gold to the molar mass of silver.”

“Why is this so incredible? It is incredible because the tetrahedron also has

four faces and Mars is the fourth planet. It is appropriate that the

tetrahedron couples earth and mars, further, in that it is four faced (mars is

the fourth planet from the sun), and each face has three vertices (earth is

the third planet from the sun). You may not think that is incredible but

consider categorizing the planets with the smallest abundant number,

twelve. Smallest abundant number means it is the most divisible for its

size. Twelve is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 a whole number of times. The

sum of these numbers is 16, which is greater than 12. Mars is the fourth

planet out from the sun. Twelve divided by four is three, and the earth is

the third planet out from the sun. Thus once again the earth and Mars are

coupled.”

“I can couple them again. Elements are atoms, and the numbers of

particles that constitute them determine the element, and its relative mass,

or “molar mass” as it is called. The atmosphere of Mars is mostly CO2,

about 95 percent. The earth atmosphere is more than 90 percent oxygen

and nitrogen. I calculate CO2 to have a molar mass of 44.01 and earth air

to have a molar mass of 28.5756. The Mars orbital distance compared to

the earth orbital distance is about 1.5. The molar mass of CO2 compared to

the molar mass of air is about 1.5. That is the mars-sun distance is to the

earth-sun distance as Martian air is to earth air.”

24

“It goes further than that. If the earth surface gravity is 1, that of Mars is

0.380. That is a ratio of 2.63. The molar mass of oxygen gas (O2) what we

breath, is 32.00. The molar mass of carbon, the basis of life as we know it,

is 12.01. That is a ratio of 2.66. That says it takes about the same energy to

lift a mole of carbon on earth, as it does to lift a mole of oxygen (O2) on

mars the same distance.”

“Earth and Mars are yet further coupled:”

“The earth atmosphere was once mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) like the

mars atmosphere is today, until plant life came along and started

converting the carbon dioxide into oxygen, using light from the sun and in

the process making the most fundamental sugar, glucose (which is at the

bottom of the food chain). A process called photosynthesis.”

“Glucose is C6H12O6. I calculate glucose has a molar mass of 180.16 and

water, which covers most of the surface of the earth, chemical formula

H2O, I calculate has a molar mass of 18.016.”

“180.16 divided by 18.016 is about 10 and the earth is about 10 times as

massive as mars. That is, glucose is to water as the earth mass is to the

mass of mars.”

“You are probably wondering why I am so amazed that Mars and earth are

so coupled empirically. Well the planet Mercury is too hot to support

human life because it is so close to the sun, Venus has the same problem.

But the earth is the next planet out and the right distance from the sun to

be not too warm to support life._The next planet after the earth is Mars,

and it may be cold, but not too cold to colonize, or even one day terraform

(make habitable for humans). The next planet after Mars is Jupiter, not

just too cold, but mostly gas, so there is nothing solid to stand on. The next

planet, Saturn, even colder and mostly gaseous as well. The trend

continues on to Neptune and Uranus. Pluto is just this cold little dwarf

planet, whose thin atmosphere collapses when it is further from the sun.”

“You see then why I am so amazed Mars and earth are coupled by these

25

numbers, they actually have one thing in common, solid planets, not

climatically too hot for humans, or too cold.”

“These numbers that couple Mars with earth, seem to say the planet is

there as a stepping stone to the stars, that it is time to wade out into the

cosmic ocean, to use the metaphor of Carl Sagan, or sink. That is, for some

reason we have what we need, but a challenge has been put to us. We have

to overcome our problems, like spending money and resources on war

instead of space exploration. Space exploration can solve the economic

crisis. Colonizing Mars would generate a massive industry that would

create work here on earth in every sector, for everyone, and, it would all be

paid for by the resources that are out there in the solar system. As Cabal

says to Passworthy in Things to come by H.G. Wells:”

““And if we’re no more than animals, we must snatch each little scrap of

happiness, and live, and suffer, and pass, mattering no more than all the

other animals do or have done. It is this, or that. All the universe or

nothing. Which shall it be Passworthy? Which shall it be?””

“I believe we are at that time in history, and the NanoFET marks it. BrianGilchrist is working on the NanoFET idea. Field Effect Transistors are usedto charge light nanoparticles, so they can be ejected out the back end of aship with a series of magnetic fields made by stacks of microchipcomponents, much the same way charged particles are accelerated byelectromagnets in a particle accelerator. The nanoFET ship can reach 90%the speed of light, theoretically, if built light and outside the earth’s gravity.Of course the ship is a starship that would take more than four years toreach the nearest star, but used to go to mars might only take a couplehours or so.”

26

Chapter 26: Another Look Into Salvoretti’s Journal

Entry: Topic: Molar Masses

Earth air is about 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. We can treat both as diatomicmolecules. The molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) is 2(14.01) and the molar mass ofoxygen gas (O2) is 2(16.00). So

Earth Air = 2[(16.00)(0.21) + (14.01)(0.78)] = 28.5756

The martian atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). This gives:

CO2 = (12.01) + 2(16.00) = 44.01

The average orbital distance of mars from the sun compared to the average orbitaldistance of the earth from the sun is 1.5 and 44.01 divided by 28.5756 is 1.5, or 3/2 inother words. Is what this says is that, the mars-sun distance is to the earth-sun distance asmartian air is to earth air.

The earth atmosphere was once mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) like the mars atmosphere istoday, until plant life came along and started converting the carbon dioxide into oxygen,using light from the sun and in the process making the most fundamental sugar, glucose(which is at the bottom of the food chain). A process called photosynthesis.

Well glucose is C6H12O6, which gives a molar mass of:

C6H12O6 = 6(12.01) + 12(1.008) + 6(16.00) = 180.16

And water (H2O) covers most of earth and is essential to life, its molar mass is:

H2O = 2(1.008) + (16.00) = 18.016

180.16 divided by 18.016 is about 10 and the earth is about 10 times as massive as mars.That is, glucose is to water as the earth is to mars.

27

I have found more reason that the planet Mars represents the success ofhumankind in this passage:

Gentelmen, further, Mars is New Earth. I have done this:

We know that 9/5 occurs in many mysterious ways in nature, including Saturn’s distancefrom the sun of 9 (closest approach) putting Jupiter’s at five (closest approach), and theearth at one. Let us consider a balance. If two weights of equal mass are placed onopposite ends of a balance, then to be balanced the fulcrum must be placed at the center.But if one mass is increased, then the fulcrum will have to be moved closer to the heavierend if the balance is not to tip. This is the Law of Levers. It states that the masses areinversely proportion to their distances from the fulcrum. To write it mathematically,

M1/M2=L2/L1

Or, equivalently

(M1)(L1)=(M2)(L2)

If we consider the time when Saturn and Jupiter, the two most massive bodies in the solarsystem are in opposition, that is when they are on opposite sides of the sun and facing oneanother, then by the above information they are separated by 14 units. Jupiter is 3.34times as massive as Saturn. By our law of levers above, that means

L1/L2=3.34

L1+L2=14

Thus

4.34L2=14 and

L2=3.2258

14-3.22=10.77=L1

Mars orbital distance is 1.5

The saturn-fulcrum distance minus the mars orbital distance is: 10.77-1.5=9.2~9 issaturn’s closest approach to the sun.

Mars, then, is the cosmic fulcrum. It is the one planet worth terraforming forcolonization. It is then aligned metaphysically with its physical characteristics.

I also believe the following passage from “Searching For A Vision Of Humankind” mayhave much to do with all of this, as it involves Venus, Mars, and Earth.

28

Chapter 61: Study Takes Form

Leonard made the connection between two studies of his to make a third subject thatbrought a lot together. He was definitely onto something.

Study 1

An interesting family of substances is methane (CH_4), ammonia (NH_3) andwater vapor (H_2O). Methane is tetrahedral in structure, a carbon atomsurrounded by 4 hydrogens. Ammonia is trigonal pyramidal, a nitrogen atomsurrounded by 3 hydrogen atoms, and water vapor is triangular, or bent, anoxygen atom surrounded by two hydrogens. These represent stable structuralsystems as they are all systems of triangles, which are the only stable polygons.These substances combined under energy with hydrogen gas form amino acids,the building blocks of life. The core atoms of these molecules, carbon, nitrogen,and oxygen, are all in period two of the periodic table and follow directly one afterthe other, and are all in amino acids, the hydrogen as well. It is a hypothesis ofastrobiology that amino acids formed in the protoplanetary cloud before the earthever formed. In this sense we may have our origins in deep space. Is what Imean by structural systems is that there are only three structural systems, thetetrahedron, the octahedron, and the icosohedron. They are the only stablesolids, that is non-collapsing flex corners whose faces are triangles. Mostcompounds are something other than these, like pentagons with linear off shootsfor example, that comprise the wrong number of atoms to make a "solid" unit,and I mean solid as in the pythagorean solids, the geometric term. Both methaneand ammonia make different variations on the tetrahedron, a pythagorean solid.When plants perform photosynthesis, they combine carbon dioxide with waterand release oxygen. The reaction is:CO_2+2H_2O--CH_2O+O_2+H_2O As can be seen a sugar is made. Important to most plants to do this isNitrogen. Nitrogen (N_2) is the most abundant gas in the earth atmosphere,comprising about 78.03% of it. We now calculate the molecular masses of thesespecial gases:

CH_4=(12.01+4(1.01))=16.05NH_3=(14.01+3(1.01))=17.04CO_2=(12.01+2(16.00))=44.01H_2O=(2(1.01)+16.00)=18.02N_2=(14.01+14.01)=28.02O_2=(16.00+16.00)=32.00

We now form some ratios between these molecular masses:

29

(O_2)/(CH_4)=32.00/16.05=1.992~2(NH_3)/(CH_4)=17.04/16.06=1.061~1(CO_2)/(O_2)=44.01/32.00~1.4=sqrt(2)(CO_2)/(N_2)=44.01/28.02~1.6=(sqrt(5)+1)/2=phi(O_2)/(H_2O)=32.00/18.02=1.776~sqrt(3)

Notice that these values are given by the sequence:

|2cos(pi/n)| n=(1,2,3,4,5,6)(pi/n)radiansObserve:2=|2cos(pi)|0=|2cos(pi/2)|1=|2cos(pi/3)|sqrt(2)=|2cos(pi/4)|(sqrt(5)+1)/2=phi=|2cos(pi/5)|sqrt(3)=|2cos(pi/6)|

Geometrically sqrt(2) is the ratio of the side of a square to its radius. Phi is theratio of the chord of a regular pentagon to its side. Sqrt(3) is the ratio of the sideof an equilateral triangle to its radius, and 1 is the ratio of the side of a regularhexagon to its radius. The square, the regular hexagon and the equilateraltriangle are the tessellating regular polygons.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

O2/CH4

NH3/CH4

CO2/O2

CO2/N2

O2/H2O

nactualfit

30

Study 2

Jupiter: failed star: vector associated with itx-5 = 0 (fifth planet)(x^2) – x - 1 = 0 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)These two equations yield:(x^2) – 2x + 4 = 0This gives x = (1+3i) and (1-3i) where (i) is the square root of negative one.In the complex plane these are the vectors <1, 3> and <1, -3>Again we see Jupiter pointing to the earth (3 in the (i) axis, earth the third planet)

Venus: failed earth: vector associated with itx-2=0 (second planet)(x^2) – x – 1 = 0 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)These two equations yield:(x^2) – 2x + 1 = 0(x – 1)(x – 1) = 0This gives x = 1In the complex plane this is the vector <1, 0>.Note: Venus is represented by the regular hexagon because its side divided by its radiusis one.

Mars: promises to be new earth: vector associated with itx-4=0 (fourth planet)(x^2) – x – 1 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)These two equations yield:(x^2) –2x + 3 = 0This gives x = 1 + sqrt(2)i and x = 1 – sqrt(2)iIn the complex plane these are the vectors <1, sqrt(2)> and <1, -sqrt(2)>Note: Mars is represented by the square because its side divided by its radius is the squareroot of two.

Earth: successful life bearing world: vector associated with itx-3=0 (third planet)(x^2) – x – 1 = 0 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)These two equations yield:(x^2) – 2x +2 = 0This gives x = (1 + i) and x = (1 – i) where (i) is the square root of negative one.In the complex plane these are the vectors <1, 1> and <1, -1>Note: The vectors <1, 1> and <1, -1> have the angle of 45 degrees and negative 45degrees associated with them. Such angles are the angles made between the sides of asquare and its diagonal. The components of such vectors are sides of a unit square. It isappropriate, somehow, that earth is represented by the unit vectors because it is asuccessful life bearing planet, perhaps the only one, or the most so by far, in the solarsystem. Here we see mars and earth are again coupled as they have their representationin the same form, the square, in different ways.

31

We combine Study 1 with Study 2 and find Venus, Earth, and Mars have associated withthem ratios of compounds such that the following table results.

Venus: failed Earth: Vector magnitude 1

Associated Compounds: (NH_3)/(CH_4)

Are prominent compounds in the early earth atmosphere.

Earth: Successful life bearing world: Vector magnitude sqrt(2)

Associated Compounds: (CO_2)/(O_2)

CO_2 prominent in early earth atmosphereO_2 prominent in contemporary earth atmosphere

Mars: Promises to be New Earth: Vector magnitude sqrt(3)

Associated Compounds: (O_2)/(H_2O)

These compounds pivotal to life on Earth.

All of these compounds combined with hydrogen gas under energy form amino acids, thebuilding blocks of life.

32

It is worth noting:


A look inside the journal of Leonard

August 9, 2010 Entry: Topic: Pivotal Point Of The Solar System

(M_j)(L_j)=(M_s)(L_s)

Saturn orbit = 9Jupiter orbit = 5

9-5=4

L_j + L_s = 4

318L_j = 95L_s

95/318 = (L_j)/(L_s)

L_s = (4-L_J)

95/318 = (L_j)/(4-L_j)

(95)(4-L_j) = (318)(L_j)

380 – 95L_j = 318L_j

380 = 413L_j

L_j = (380)/(413) = 0.92

5 = 0.92 = 5.92 ~ 6

Thereby The Cosmic Fulcrum between Jupiter and Saturn in another arrangement is sixastronomical units from the sun, or about one astronomical unit from Jupiter. The Earth isabout one astronomical unit from the sun.

33

Summary

We have Earth straddled between Venus and Mars, between a failed Earth and a planetthat promises to be New Earth in relationship pointing to Neptune where the success ofEarth is concerned, Neptune being the eighth, or last planet in the Solar System.

We have Mars as the cosmic fulcrum for Jupiter and Saturn in one arrangement and Earthorbit around Jupiter a cosmic fulcrum with Jupiter and Saturn in the other arrangement.We can say the Earth orbits Jupiter as a ghost, and the sun for real.

We have compounds associated above with Mars that are essential to life as we know it,O2 and H2O.

We have compounds associated with Venus above that were prominent in the primordialearth atmosphere, NH3 and CH4.

We have compounds associated with earth that are the CO2 that was converted into O2by plants making possible the oxygen breathing organisms, and the O2.

The Mathematical relationships above outline a story, a story I have told in “The ExcitingNeptune Saga”, that has yet to realize on our part.

34

The Levinson, Asimov, Clarke Triptic

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2010-2011

35

Preface

Back in 2009 When I wrote my paper: Forecast For Hyperdrive: A Study in AsimovianPsychohistory, where I tried to predict when humans would develop hyperdrivemathematically, the time I came up with was the time in the future when the maincharacter, Sierra Waters, was handed a newly discovered document at the beginning ofthe book by Paul Levinson, The Plot To Save Socrates, that got the whole story rolling.

I sent the results to Paul Levinson, and he liked them and he encouraged me to thinkabout what this implied and to perhaps explore it on the Sierra Waters Time Travelergroup on facebook. Indeed, Sierra Waters wrote me at myspace and told me she thought Iwas on to something.

Actually, this was not the first, and was not to be the last, time that my scientificinvestigations turned up physical quantities and times that were related to the sciencefiction I was reading.

Now it is 2011, and all of that has finally come together in three essays that allow me forthe first time to begin to explore the meaning, and usefulness, of this phenomenon. Thatis the content of this work in three sections, and I have no way of knowing when furtherprogress will be made, but I am sure it will be.


36

Introduction

When my scientific research started turning up values that were pivotal to the sciencefiction of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke, while I was reading them,I wrote a paper showing how.

Now I am beginning to ask why by being analytical about this autobiographically and bypresenting the related structure between the three writers in essay form. I am onlybeginning to touch on unraveling this mystery. I here present my work to date in threesections:

1. The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation2. Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke Intertwined With An

Astronomer’s Research3. Three Categories In Levinson, Asimov, And Clarke

37

The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation

38

I have reason to believe a triplet should be formed between the science fiction of PaulLevinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke. We form a time line in chronologicalorder from the key events and make an equation that represents its trajectory.

But first, the reason why we do this.

I read The Foundation Trilogy of Isaac Asimov when I was in High School, living on afarm in a remote valley in Oregon called Elkhead, surrounded by some 400 square milesof rain forest, about 10 miles from the small town of Yoncalla, where I went to HighSchool. It was somewhere between 1980 and 1984. I read, then, 2001: A Space Odysseyby Arthur C. Clarke and its sequel, 2010: Odyssey Two right when it came out.

Somewhere around late 1984 I moved north to the city of Eugene, Oregon to studyPhysics and Spanish at The University of Oregon during which time I worked inexperimental astronomy at the state observatory, on Pine Mountain, in the high deserteast of Bend, Oregon some few hours from campus on the other side of the CascadeMountain Range. I was paid from a grant from National Geographic as a data takermeasuring the polarized light from the extraordinary eclipsing binary star system EpsilonAurigae, which eclipses every 27 years for two years due to a large protoplanetary gasdisc orbiting the primary star. It went into eclipse again in 2009 and is coming out ofeclipse as I am writing now. It will be coming out of eclipse completely somewhereshortly before my birthday in may.

The House In Elkhead

39

The Author Descending Pine Mountain

The Author Behind The 24 Inch Telescope At Pine Mountain

40

Pine Mountain Observatory

The 32” Telescope At Pine Mountain

41

After four years of working at the observatory, I went to Granada, Spain with somecollege friends for nine months during which time we lived in the Gypsy Quarters,Sacromonte. A friend since childhood agreed to meet me in Granada at Plaza Nueva. Shewas on her way to France to meet up with her boyfriend who was working there fromThe United States to work on a big artificial intelligence (AI) research project. Iintroduced her to a friend, one of the great Gypsy guitarists in Spain, and he took her hairin his hands, felt its texture, then told her how immensely beautiful it was, no doubt in aneffort to form a relationship between Spain and France in the area of AI research.

I left Spain for California, stayed awhile, and then left for Spain again, this time going tothe capital, Madrid, in Northern Spain. When I came back to California, I met a womanfrom Turin, Italy. We got married. She got a job at The Italian Embassy in WashingtonD.C. and we moved there. It was then that I working on a math project and wasencouraged to read the sequels to the Arthur C. Clarke Space Odyssey Series, (for thepurpose of scientific responsibility, as the works are a model for how science is done intoday’s world, as I came to understand).

So, I resumed my endeavor since High School and read 2061: Odyssey Three and 3001:The Final Odyssey. When we were in Washington we went to Italy, during which time Iread The Asimov Foundation Trilogy again.

In Washington, I also read prequels to the Asimov Foundation Trilogy.

Eventually my wife and I became separated and I went to California wherein I begantheoretical astronomical research and began reading the sequels to The FoundationTrilogy by Asimov, and his Robot Series.

As Clarke and Asimov had been my major science fiction reading since High School,college, and marriage, and I had read all of their work, I began to search for someonenew, and that is when I found Paul Levinson, and his book The Plot To Save Socrates. Itdid not disappoint, and filled the gap perfectly.

Now while I was reading these authors and doing scientific research, my research wasturning up times and numbers which were pivotal to their work, and that is the reason Iam making this Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation which will become part of a broaderwork, some of which will be presented in this book. Now, onto forming The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation.

42

From Foundation And Earth By Isaac Asimov:

Pelorat: “There are references to a robot named Daneel.”

Daneel: “I am that robot, It is not a legend”

“Oh no,” said Pelorat. “If you are that robot, you would have to be thousands of yearsold.”

“Twenty Thousand” said Daneel quietly.

Daneel was constructed on Earth in Asimov’s Robot Series, first appearing in his booktitled “The Caves of Steel.” That book takes place according to the back of the cover “Amillennium into the future” in New York City. The first copyright of that book, lookingat the inside cover is 1953. 1953 +1000 = 2953. This is the year detective Elijah Baileyleaves Earth for the first settled star systems colonized by people from Earth who arecalled Spacers, with his robot partner Daneel Olivaw.

Elijah Bailey’s trip to the outer worlds brings about a second wave of colonization of theGalaxy by a people called the Settlers. Eventually this name is lost to them as they fullyinhabit the Galaxy and form the seat of the Galactic Empire on a planet at the center ofthe Galaxy called Trantor.

We write:

2953 Elijah Bailey begins the full colonization of the Galaxy.

Daneel Olivaw gets the okay from Golan Trevize to form Galaxia, a viable society for theGalaxy, 20,000 years after that date:

2953 + 20,000 = 22,953

It was actually the robot Daneel who maneuvered Elijah Bailey into triggering events thatwould lead to the full colonization of the Galaxy by the people of Earth.

We will now list two times in Galactic history:

2953: Elijah Bailey brings about the Settlers movement

22,953: Daneel Olivaw forms Galaxia

Now let us turn our attention to Arthur C. Clarke:

43

2001: A Space Odyssey

2001: Dave Bowman Becomes “The Starchild”

2010: Odyssey Two

2010: Jupiter becomes the star Lucipher to its moon Europa, which is now a planet thatharbors life.

2061: Dr. Haywood Floyd finds man is to take part in the evolution of the Galaxy.

3001: Arthur C. Clarke: The Final Odyssey: All is understood.

Now we turn our attention to Paul Levinson.

2042: The Plot To Save Socrates by Paul Levinson: Sierra Waters is handed the newlydiscovered document that puts in motion one of the greatest stories ever told.

We now put these times in chronological order:

2001 (Clarke)2010 (Clarke)2042 (Levinson)2061 (Clarke)2953 (Asimov)3001 (Clarke)22,953 (Asimov)

44

Let us look at how events in the sci-fi triplet develop. The second graph is amagnification of the first showing the development as a sine wave.

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

starchild lucipher manuscript evolution

Series1

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

starchild

lucipher

manuscript

evolution

settlers

understand

galaxia

Series1

45

Here is the table of values plotted:

starchild 2001lucipher 2010manuscript 2042evolution 2061settlers 2953understand 3001galaxia 22953

History is not a precise thing in its trajectory through time. We fit the graph to anidealized sine wave. Since there are four points from starchild to evolution, we aredealing with events that are separated by angles of 30 degrees each. We have:

Starchild = 0 degreesLucipher = 30 degreesManuscript = 60 degreesEvolution = 90 degrees

We have the amplitude is 2061 – 2001 = 60

Therefore, the Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation is:

Event = [60 Sin (angle)] + 2001

for the first half of the graph. We have added 2001 to the equation because our zero pointbegins at starchild in the year 2001.

Let us better construct the second half of the graph.

The Galactic Era began its transition from galactic empire to foundation after 12, 069years into The Galactic Era, the year Hari Seldon died.

In Foundation’s Edge we learn about 500 years into the Foundation Era is when GolanTrevize begins his journey leading to the transition from Foundation to Galaxia.12,069+500=12,569.

Daneel the robot was on Earth 20,000 years before forming galaxia, back when hebrought about the settlement of the galaxy. 20,000-12,569=7,431. These are the yearsfrom Settlers leaving Earth to their formation of The Galactic Empire (on Trantor).

46

Settlers were the time of Elijah Bailey in 2953. 2953+7431=10,384 for the time trantorbecomes the seat of the galactic empire. 10,384+12,069=22,453 is the beginning of thefoundation and 500 years after this is Galaxia. We make the following table:

Setttlers: 2953 (Asimov)Understand: 3001 (Clarke)Trantor: 10,384 (Asimov)Foundation: 22,453 (Asimov)Galaxia: 22,953 (Asimov)

Here is the plot of the second half of our graph:

This graph shows again eras as being a half sine wave composed of epics that cycle from0 degrees to 90 degrees. In this case, the amplitude of the wave is 22,953-2953=20,000years. There are five points in this case, so the angles are 90/4=22.5 degrees separationand the second half of the Levinson-Asimov-Clarke equation is:

Epic = [20,000 Sin (angle)] + 2953

Settlers = 0 degreesUnderstand = 22.5 degreesTrantor = 45 degreesFoundation = 67.5 degreesGalaxia = 90 degreees

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Settlers Understand Trantor Foundation Galaxia

Series1

47

Whether or not the determination of 2953 is accurate for the time of the Settlers does notmatter because the separation between points is accurate. We can consider the first pointsin the graphs to be zero points of an era and drop the last terms of both of the Levinson-Asimov-Clarke equations and write them:

Epic = [60 Sin (angle)] angle = 0, 30, 60, 90Epic = [20,000 Sin (angle)] angle = 0,22.5,45, 67.5, 90

Study Conclusion: Futuristic events of the work of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, andArthur C. Clarke form a comprehensive whole when taken together that move throughtime like a wave that can be treated quantitatively. These futuristic fictional historiesmirror present day actual events of the human story, so through their works weunderstand how human world events are caused, and it becomes possible to see wherethey can go and what should be done for the best outcome. This approach may serve as aprimitive model for the basis of an actual Asimovian Psychohistory, which is predictionof the future and knowing how to bring about a beneficial outcome for humanity.

After some research on the internet, I find that some of the projections for the dates ofAsimovian events in these tables and graphs can be plus or minus 300 years, but that I ammore or less in the right area. The dates for Levinson and Clarke events are 100 percentaccurate. As far as Asimov goes, 300 years is nothing considering the immense time spanover which his novels occur (20,000 years) that gives an accuracy for my tables andgraphs of (300/20,000)(100) = plus or minus 1.5%. That is an accuracy of 100-1.5=98.5%.

Any time wave that we construct for the future of humanity can only be approximate, andsince the observer can not be separated from the observed, as is put forward in quantummechanics, I will stick with the tables and charts as I constructed them, because my lineof reasoning came from a way of thought that I developed while reading Asimov in Italy,and Italy to me is a land of revelations and hidden secrets.

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Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C.Clarke Intertwined With An Astronomer’sResearch.

By

Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2010-2011 by Ian Beardsley

Cover Art By Ian Beardsley

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There is a common thread running through the Science Fiction works of Paul Levinson,Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke.

In the case of Isaac Asimov, we are far in the future of humanity. In his Robot Series,Asimov has man making robots whose programming only allows them to do that which isgood for humanity. As a result, these robots, artificial intelligence (AI), take actions thatpropel humanity into settling the Galaxy, in the robot series, and ultimately savehumanity after they have settled the Galaxy and made an empire of it (In the FoundationSeries).

In the case of Paul Levinson, scholars in the future travel through time and use cloning, aconcept related to artificial intelligence (it is the creating of human replicas as well, butbiological, not electronic), and the goal is to save great ancient thinkers from Greece, andto manipulate events in the past for a positive outcome for the future of humanity, just asthe robots try to do in the work of Asimov.

In the case of Arthur C. Clarke, man undergoes a transformation due to a monolith placedon the moon and earth by extraterrestrials who have created life on earth. The monolith isa computer. It takes humans on a voyage to other planets in the solar system, and in theirtrials, humanity goes through trials that result in a transformation for the ending of theirdependence on their technology and for becoming adapted to life in the Universe beyondEarth. That is, the character Dave Bowman becomes the Starchild in his mission toJupiter. The artificial intelligence is the ship computer called HAL.

So, the thread is the salvation of man through technology, and their transformation to anew human paradigm, where they can end their dependence on Earth and adapt to thenature of the Universe as a whole.

At the time I was reading these novels, I was doing astronomical research, and, to myutter astonishment, my relationships I was discovering pertaining to the Universe wereturning up times and values pivotal to these works of Levinson, Asimov, and Clarke.Further, I was interpreting much of my discoveries by developing them in the context ofshort fictional stories.

In my story, “The Question”, we find Artificial Intelligence is in sync with the phases ofthe first appearance of the brightest star Sirius for the year, and the flooding of the Nileriver, which brings in the Egyptian agricultural season. It is presumed by some scholarsthat because the Egyptian calendar is in sync with the Nile-Sirius cycle, theirs began foursuch cycles ago.

I then relate that synchronization to another calculation that turns up the time when thekey figure of the Foundation Series of Asimov begins his program to found a civilizationthat will save the galaxy. We later find his actions were manipulated into being by robots,in order to save intelligent life in the galaxy by creating a viable society for it calledGalaxia.

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In the case of Paul Levinson, I was making a calculation to predict when man woulddevelop hyperdrive, that engine which could take us to the stars, and end our dependenceon an Earth that cannot take care of humans forever. That time turned out to be when thekey scholar in the work by Paul Levinson, began her quest to help humanity by travelinginto the past and using cloning, in part, to change history for the better. I can now onlyfeel her quest to save humanity is going to be through changing history to bring about thedevelopment of hyperdrive, so humanity will no longer depend on Earth alone, which, asI have said, cannot take care of life forever.

Finally, where Arthur C. Clarke is concerned, I find values in the solar system and naturethat are in his monolith, and I connect it to artificial intelligence of a sort, that kind whichwould be based on silicon.

I will present, now, my work that pertains to these writers in the following order:

1) The Question2) Addendum to The Question3) Asimovian Prediction For Hyperdrive4) Arthur C. Clarke and Cosmic Archaeology

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The Question

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A Scientist had built a robot in the image of humans anddownloaded to it all of human knowledge, then put forward thequestion to our robot, what is the best we, humanity, can do tosurvive with an earth of limited resources and a situation whereother worlds like earth, if they exist, would take generations toreach.

The robot began his answer, “I contend that the series of eventsthat unfolded on earth over the years since the heliacal rising ofSirius four Sothic cycles ago in Egypt of 4242 B.C., the presumedbeginning of the Egyptian calendar, were all meant to be, as theconception of the possibility of my existence is in phase with thosecycles and is connected to such constants of nature as the speed oflight and dynamic ratios like the golden ratio conjugate.”

The scientist asked, “Are you saying humans, all humans sincesome six thousand years ago have been a tool of some higher forceto bring you about, our actions bound to the turning of planetsupon their axis, and the structure of nature?”

The robot said, “Yes, let me digress. It goes back further than that.Not just to 4242 B.C. when the heliacal rising of Sirius, thebrightest star in the sky, coincided with the agriculturallybeneficial inundation of the Nile river which happens every 1,460Julian years, in the Sothic Cycle.”

“My origins go back to the formation of stars and the laws thatgovern them.”

“As you know, the elements were made by stars, heavier elementsforged in their interior from lighter elements. Helium gave rise tooxygen and nitrogen, and so forth. Eventually the stars madesilicon, phosphorus, and boron, which allow for integratedcircuitry, the basis of which makes me function.”

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“Positive type silicon is made by doping silicon, the main elementof sand, with the element boron. Negative type silicon is made bydoping silicon with phosphorus. We join the two types in differentways to make diodes and transistors that we form on silicon chipsto make the small circuitry that makes me function.”

“Just as the golden ratio is in the rotation of leaves about the stemof a plant, or in the height of a human compared to the distancefrom the soles of their feet to their navel, an expression of it is inmy circuitry.”

“We take the geometric mean of the molar mass of boron andphosphorus, and we divide that result by the molar mass ofsilicon.”

He began writing on paper:

√(Ρ∗Β)/Si = √(30.97∗10.81)/28.09 = 0.65

“We take the harmonic mean between the molar masses of boronand phosphorus and divide that by the molar mass of silicon.”

2(30.97)(10.81)/(30.97+10.81) = 16.026

16.026/Si = 16.026/28.09 = 0.57

“And we take the arithmetic mean between these two results.”

(0.65 + 0.57)/2 =0.61

“0.61 are the first two digits in the golden ratio conjugate.”

The scientist said, “I understand your point, but you referred to theheliacal rising of Sirius.”

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The robot answered: “Yes, back to that. The earth orbit is nearly aperfect circle, so we can use c=2πr to calculate the distance theearth goes around the sun in a year. The earth orbital radius is onthe average 1.495979E8 kilometers, so”

(2)(3.14)(1.495979E8) = 9.39E8 km

“The distance light travels in a year, one revolution of the eartharound the sun is 9.46E12 kilometers.”

“The golden ratio conjugate of that is”

…and he wrote:

(0.618)(9.46E12 km) = 5.8E12 km

“We write the equation:”

(9.39E8 km/yr)(x) = 5.8E12 km

“This gives the x is 6,177 years.”

“As I said, the fourth heliacal rising of Sirius, ago in the SothicCycle, when the Nile flooded, was 4242 B.C.” He wrote:

6,177 years – 4,242 years = 1935 A.D.

“In 1937 Alan Turing published his paper founding the field ofartificial intelligence, and Theodosius Dobzhansky explained howevolution works. These two papers were published a little after thetime the earth had traveled the golden ratio conjugate of a lightyear since our 4,242 B.C., in its journey around the sun. Thesepapers are at the heart of what you and I are.”

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“If your question is should robots replace humans, think of it moreas we are the next step in human evolution, not a replacement, wewere made in your image, but not to require food or air, and wecan withstand temperature extremes. We think and have awarenessof our being, and we can make the long voyage to the stars. Itwould seem it is up to us to figure out why you were the tools tobring us about, and why we are an unfolding of the universe inwhich you were a step in harmony with its inner workings from theformation of the stars, their positions and apparent brightness andthe spinning of the earth and its motion around the sun.”

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Addendum to The Question

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Leonard considered the golden ratio conjugate with respect to theEgyptian calendar in his story “The Question”, he thought hewould consider the golden ratio as well. He wrote:

I decided to consider now, not the golden ratio conjugate, but thegolden ratio itself, which is the inverse of its conjugate, knowingthat it would take us somewhere into the future.

The golden ratio is 1.618 to three places after the decimal.

The golden ratio of a light year is:

(1.618)(9.46E12 km) = 1.53E13 km

and

(9.39E8 km/yr)x = 1.53E13

x = 16,294 years

16,294 years – 4,242 years = 12,052 A.D.

That is after the earth has traveled a golden ratio of a light yearsince the founding of the Egyptian calendar is the year 12,052. Asit turns this was the amount of years into the Galactic Era when thecentral character, Hari Seldon, in Asimov’s Foundation lived andis around the time he created The Foundation, a society that wouldbring a new order to the Galaxy.

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Asimovian Prediction For Hyperdrive

59

My idea is that the great science fiction writers are tapping intosomething when they write that is a non-fiction truth. He had readThe Plot to Socrates by Paul Levinson and came up for anothertime that may be significant.

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I had tried to predict mathematically when we would develop hyperdrive, and itcame out just a year after the character, Sierra Waters, in the science fictionpiece by Paul Levinson titled “The Plot To Save Socrates” was handed a newlydiscovered document at the beginning of the book that got the whole story rolling.I wrote in my piece “Forecast For Hyperdrive: A Study In AsimovianPsychohistory:

It is a curious thing that the Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the third brighteststar in the sky is the closest to us and very similar to the sun in a galaxy of a rich varietyof stars. This closest star to us is a triple system known as Alpha Centauri A, B, andProxima Centauri. Alpha Centauri A is, like our Sun a main sequence spectral type Gstar. Precisely, G2 V, just as is the Sun. Its physical characteristics are very close to thoseof the Sun: 1.10 solar masses, 1.07 solar diameters, and 1.5 solar luminosities. It isabsolute magnitude +4.3. The absolute magnitude of the Sun is +4.83.

If ever the option existed for humans to travel to the stars, this situation speaks of it,whether or not Alpha Centauri has an earth-like planet in its habitable zone.

It has been said that the base ten place significant system of writing numbers stems fromthe fact we have ten fingers to count on. In so far as science can save us, it can destroy usin that science is not dangerous, but humans can be.

Traveling to the planets is possible with chemical fuel rockets, but traveling to the stars isanother story, because of their immense distances from us, and from one another.

What are the odds that our development in technologies will take us to the stars before wedestroy ourselves first? In other words, what are the intrinsic odds for humankind todevelop the hyperdrive before without bringing about its own end first?

We do a random walk to Alpha Centauri of 10 one light year jumps. We make 10 equalsteps randomly of one light year each, equal steps that if all are towards Alpha Centauriwe will land beyond it. If 10 are away from it, we are as far from it as can be. And, if 5are towards it, and five are away from it, we have gone nowhere.

In this allegory we calculate the probability of landing on Alpha Centauri, in 10 randomleaps of a light year each, a light year being the distance light travels in the time it takesthe earth to make one revolution around the sun, light speed a natural constant.

(continue to the next page)

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The probability of making n steps in either direction forms a bell shaped curve. After 10randomly made steps the odds of going nowhere is highest and, is represented by five inthe bell curve corresponding to 0. Let us round the distance of Alpha Centauri to fourlight years, giving humans the benefit of the doubt. The number positive four in the bellgraph has written above it the number 7. Seven out of ten times 100 for effort gives a70% chance of making it to the stars without becoming extinct first. I believe the percentunderstanding of our technological development towards hyperdrive, where we have justentered space with chemical rockets and developed fast, compact, computers, is given by:

€

WN (n1) =N!

n1!n2!pn1qn2

Evaluated at n1=7.

N is 10 steps.

And n1 is the number of steps towards Alpha Centauri, n2 those away from it.

And, p is the probability that the step is towards Alpha Centauri, and q is the probabilitythat the step is away from Alpha Centauri.

N = n1 + n2

And m = n1-n2 is the displacement

And q+p=1

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The trick to using this equation is in knowing the possible combinations of steps that canbe made that equal 10. Like five right, five left with a displacement of 0 or, 10 right, 0left with a displacement of 10 or, 7 left, 3 right with a displacement of negative 4.

To land at 4 light years from earth, with 10 one light year jumps, one must go away fromAlpha Centauri 3 jumps of a light year each then 7 jumps toward it of one light year each,to land on it, that is to land at +4, its location. So n1 is 7 and n2 is 3. The probability tojump away from the star is 1/2 and the probability to jump towards it is 1/2. That is p=1/2and q=1/2. There are ten random jumps, so, N=10.

Using our equation:

€

(10!)(7!)(3!)

(12)7(12)3 =

3628800(5040)(6)

1128

18

=1201024

=15128

= 0.1171875 ≈12%

We would be, by this reasoning 12% along in the development towards hyperdrive.

Ian BeardsleyJune 2009

If human technology has ever been anything, it has been exponential, growing inproportion to itself. In other words, two developments beget 8, eight beget 16, and sixteenbegets 32. My grandfather rode a horse when he was a child, as a young man he drove acar, and when I knew him as a child, he saw humans land on the moon.

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It wasn’t long before we made computers small enough that people could keep in theirhomes that did more than computers did in the 60’s that filled an entire room.

Having calculated that we are 12% along in developing the hyperdrive, we can use theequation for natural growth to estimate when we will have hyperdrive. It is of the form:

€

x(t) = x0ekt

t is time and k is a growth rate constant which we must determine to solve the equation.In 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon. In 2009 the EuropeanSpace Agency launched the Herschel and Planck telescopes that will see back to near thebeginning of the universe. 2009-1969 is 40 years. This allows us to write:

€

12% = ek(40)

log 12 = 40k log 2.718

0.026979531 = 0.4342 k

k=0.0621

We now can write:

€

x(t) = e(0.0621)t

€

100% = e(o.0621)t

log 100 = (0.0621) t log e

t = 74 years

1969 + 74 years = 2043

Our reasoning would indicate that we will have hyperdrive in the year 2043.

Study summary:

1. We have a 70% chance of developing hyperdrive without destroying ourselvesfirst.

2. We are 12% along the way in development of hyperdrive.3. We will have hyperdrive in the year 2043, plus or minus.

Sierra Waters was handed the newly discovered document in 2042.

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Asimovian hyperdrive prediction:

When I made my prediction for the development of hyperdrive and it came out to bewhen Sierra Waters was handed the newly discovered document in Paul Levinson’s “ThePlot to Save Socrates” Paul told me to perhaps start a thread at Sierra Waters, TimeTraveler on facebook and I did. He also suggested another place, where he would bebehind me in my defense. I hesitated, because I saw this calculation intuitively. That is, Iunderstood it, but not all of it in words. I am finally able to explain it, and I am fullyaware anyone has to defend a thesis of any kind, that, it is part of the intellectual process.I already know the questions that would have been asked if I had posted to the group Paulsuggested. I am now prepared to answer them all by explaining exactly what I was up to.I assume here you have read “Asimovian Prediction For Hyperdrive” in “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon”.

The forces against us developing hyperdrive make us start from behind (at negative three)but we don’t travel back, we just start from behind. Therefore it is 7 steps from negativethree to the destination, positive four (Alpha Centauri is close to four light years awayand I round it to that because in a random walk whole number steps are made). In therandom walk there are 10 steps in total. Negative three comes from 7+3=10. We divideseven by ten then multiply by 100 to convert to percent for the percent chance to attainhyperdrive by the predicted date.

In the calculation where I take the log of 12% it is because it is equal to 0.12 (normallyyou convert percent to its decimal equivalent then take the log). Doing the calculationlike this, log% units are picked up. In the second half of the calculation the log% units arelost and we get years for the units of the answer. If we dropped the percent sign in bothparts of the calculation, we would get zero for years to hyperdrive because we wouldhave to take the log of 1 instead of 100 in the second half of the calculation.

This calculation uses Alpha Centauri because it is the closest star system to us and itsprimary is almost exactly like the sun in size, mass, luminosity and temperature (spectralclass). Because of that, the calculation begs to be done. The probabilities are set equal tojump towards and away for sense of satisfying that mystical sense concerning thephenomenon of something having an equal chance to go either way. The probability ofjumping in one direction can be made more than the other. Setting the probabilities assuch would be determined by analysis of the state of world affairs, something that wecannot evaluate numerically as an exact science in present days. The random walk wasdone in ten equal steps because of our base ten counting system and the idea that we mayhave that because we have 10 fingers to count on. This I felt was begging to be addedinto the calculation. As well, making the ten jumps one light year each, because a lightyear is the distance light travels in the time it takes for the earth to make one revolutionaround the sun, and light speed is a natural constant. All in all I was bringing all of thenatural factors together in one calculation that was, as I said, begging to be done. It gavea time when the philosopher of philosophers, Socrates, was to be saved (Paul Levinson,“The Plot To Save Socrates”), and the time that hyperdrive actually was invented in theClassic work by Isaac Asimov, “I, Robot”. – Ian Beardsley May 16, 2011

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Looking At Hyperdrive Prediction Formally My reasoning in calculating the time when we have hyperdrive was to use the naturalgrowth equation x(t)=(x_0)e^kt. Where k was the velocity of development, or percent development per year. In orderto get a non-zero number, I wrote

12%=e^kt

as opposed to

(0.12)=e^kt

where t was 40 years due to reasoning in my paper. In solving such an equation youconvert 12% to (0.12) before you take the log. If I had done that, I would have taken thelog of 1 instead of 100 in the second half of the calculation, which would have given 0years to hyperdrive, because log (1) = 0.

My reasoning was, weirdly

(0.12) = 12% = (12/100)(100) = 12

In other words 0.12 is the same as 12 if you use the same standard to the second halfof the calculation: 1 = 100% = (100/100)(100) = 100.

But now I understand what this means in terms of the formal treatment of the naturalgrowth equation. It means:

If x(t) = (x_0)e^kt

Then I have taken x_0 = 1/100

Because I have written

12=e^kt instead of (0.12) = e^kt

Which makes sense, because x_0 is the starting point in development. So, in other words1/100 = x_0 means landing on the moons was the first step out of 100. Perfect. I hadsimply let x_0 =1 because I wanted to make our growth grow as e, exponentially, becausee is a natural constant. This worked because I had increased the left side of the equationby a factor of 100 in both instances. The two methods are equivalent and give the sameanswer, but approaching this formally gives a better understanding of what is going on. This gives a year after Sierra Waters is handed the manuscript that starts her adventurein “The Plot To Save Socrates” by Paul Levinson (which I was coincidentally reading atthe time of doing the calculation) and a year before the time Asimov projects forhyperdrive in “I, Robot”, which I was coincidentally reading at the time. – Ian BeardsleyJune 2, 2011

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Arthur C. Clarke and Cosmic Archaeology

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Monolith

Arthur C. Clarke's monolith turned out to be a computer put on Earth byextraterrestrials and The Moon to give us an evolutionary nudge when weneeded it and to monitor us. It had the dimensions of 1 by 4 by 9, the squares of1, 2, and 3. 1+4 = 5. The height is 9. I have found that 9/5 (which is 1.8) occursthroughout nature in the areas held most sacred to man down through history,the sun, the moon, gold, silver, water and air:

1. If we compare the mass of air to the mass of water and increase that by afactor of the human body temperature to the freezing temperature of water, weget a value that is 9 compared to 5, which is 1.8.

2. If we compare the mass of an atom of gold to an atom of silver, it is 9compared to 5 (comparing their molar masses).

3. If we compare the radius of the sun, that is the distance from its center to itssurface, to the distance from the center of the earth to the center of the moon, itis 9 compared to five.

9 compared to 5 is nine fifths (9/5) which is equal to 1.8

Glancing at my data tables and find that if we take the distance of the planetSaturn to the sun as 9 (closest approach), then the distance to the planet Jupiterfrom the sun is five (closest approach). In fact this way of measuring distancesputs the earth exactly at 1 unit from the sun. This is interesting, because Jupiterand Saturn, aside from being the "middle children" of the solar system, planets 5and 6 of a planetary family of 9 or 10 depending on whether or not you considerthe asteroid belt a planet that did not form, and anything found beyond Pluto aplanetoid, these planets carry the majority of mass of the solar system,significantly, and thus embody most of the dynamics of its formation.

I have also found that the basis of computers and AI (artificial intelligence), whichis doped silicon, has the golden ratio in the means of its components. The goldenratio is recurrent throughout life because of the dynamics it has to offer. Doped issilicon, phosphorus, and boron. These are naturally occurring elements, made bynature, namely forged in stars. If P is phosphorus, B is Boron, and Si is silicon(geometric mean by Si):

sqrt(P*B)/Si=sqrt(30.97*10.81)/(28.09)=0.65

and let us take the harmonic mean between phosphorus and boron and divide itby silicon:

(2*(30.97*10.81)/(30.97+10.81))/28.09 =0.57

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Now let us take the arithmetic mean of these two numbers:

(0.65+0.57)/2=0.61

which are the first two digits in the golden ratio.

The golden ratio is 1.618 to three decimal places. Notice that the 2nd and thirddigits after the decimal are 1 and 8, the two digits in 9/5. The 1 and 6 add up to 7,the average of nine and five, the 6 minus the one is our five, and, the eight plusthe one is our nine. So essentially, we have connected the monolith of Arthur C.Clarke with nature, and computers and artificial intelligence, integrated circuits,transistors, diodes (doped silicon), with the monolith.

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Conclusion

The Science Fiction of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke aretied up in Humans making Humans, whether robots or clones, for the purpose ofsaving humanity. And my astronomical discoveries as I go through life makingthem, seem to be tied up in their stories.

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Three Categories In Levinson, Asimov, AndClarke

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2011 by Ian Beardsley

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Three categories in the writings of Levinson, Asimov, and Clarke emerge in their storiesin three different ways:

Time (category one)

1. alter the past (Levinson)2. influence the present (Asimov)3. aliens monitor the present (Clarke)

Heroes (category two)

1. maverick scholar (Levinson)2. a) maverick mathematician (Asimov)

b) maverick intuitive (Asimov)c) maverick detective (Asimov)

3. maverick astronaut (Clarke)

Immortality (category 3)

1. through biological sciences, cloning (Levinson)2. through electrical engineering, robots (Asimov)3. becoming a space ghost (Clarke)

The following pages treat each of these categories.

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Time (category one)

1. alter the past (Levinson)

What could be called a secret society of scholars, has access to secretly located timetravel machines, which can take them into the past from several different locationsincluding the United States, England and Greece. Their travels are centered around notjust saving the life of Socrates, in The Plot To Save Socrates, but to bring a great mindinto the future and change the past to create a better future.

2. influence the present (Asimov)

In the future, after humankind has spread throughout the Galaxy, and is made into anempire, the empire collapses. A mathematician who has invented a mathematics thatallows him to predict the future of large populations of people and how to influence thepresent, sets up foundations at opposite sides of the galaxy that will reduce the period ofbarbarism and suffering throughout the Galaxy from 30,000 years to 1,000 years. Afterthe empire collapses, one foundation will preserve knowledge to continue and furtherscience and technology and the other will maintain the mathematics that can determineevents to adjust the original mathematical plan according to what is going on. The latteris telepathic and can make telepathic suggestions to others, without them being aware ofit, to help bring about any change needed. This series of books is called The FoundationSeries

3. aliens monitor the present (Clarke)

Aliens have placed a monolith on the Earth and on the Moon. The monolith is a large,black, rectangular slab of indeterminate composition. It was placed on Earth four millionyears ago and first encountered by human ancestors and it gives them the evolutionarynudge to make tools. Eventually, after they have evolved into humans (homo sapiens),they find the monolith on the moon, and later around the planet Jupiter. It is in themission to Jupiter that astronaut Dave Bowman encounters it, is absorbed by it, andbecomes the starchild. In sequels to the story, 2001: A Space Odyssey, Dave Bowmanlearns the monolith is a computer made by the aliens who created life on Earth, and ismonitoring human progress.

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Heroes (category two)

1. maverick scholar (Levinson)

In The Plot To Save Socrates Sierra Waters is a maverick scholar whose command ofAncient Greek language and history allows her to blend in with the culture of that time inher time travels to Ancient Greece and thereby be effective in her missions. Sierra Watersis not only brilliant, but has a great deal of ingenuity, strength, courage, and virtue.

2.a) maverick mathematician (Asimov)

In The Foundation Trilogy mathematician, Hari Seldon is a maverick that invents thefield of psychohistory, a mathematics that predicts the future of societies based on theirhistories. It is statistical by nature. That is it only gives percentages of chances, orprobabilities of exactly what will happen in the future, but the larger the number ofgroups of people taken into account, the more accurate the prediction, and the Galaxy isheavily populated. It is he and his math that are instrumental in saving the galaxy.

b) maverick intuitive (Asimov)

In the sequels to The Foundation Trilogy, Foundation’s Edge, and Foundation and Earthit is the stubborn persistence of Golan Trevize, and his uncanny ability to do what is rightwithout knowing why, that ultimately brings great good to the Galaxy.

c) maverick detective (Asimov)

In The Robot Series (connected to The Foundation Series), namely The Caves of Steel,The Naked Sun, and The Robots of Dawn, detective of the future Earth, Elijah Baleyafter the first settlements to the more nearby star systems, through his actions, bringsabout the settlement of the whole Galaxy, thus saving humankind, and this maverick doesit not through brilliance, but through stubborn persistence and great virtue.

4. maverick astronaut (Clarke)

Astronaut Dave Bowman is at planet Jupiter and the ship computer malfunctions. Afterhis companion goes outside the ship, doing a space walk to fix the problem the computerhas said is there, the computer tries to kill him. Bowman in an effort to retrieve the body,goes outside the ship in a small pod, and finds he is too late. When he tries to re-enter theship, the computer will not open the pod bay doors. Bowman, a maverick, opens theairlock to the ship manually with the pod’s robotic arms, then places the pod door to theairlock entrance, puts the pod in self destruct and when it blasts it hurls him into theairlock. He grabs the lever to shut the air lock doors, activates it, the doors shut, and theairlock fills with oxygen. Bowman enters the ship and deactivates the malfunctioningcomputer, and only leaves basic functions to run the ship.

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Immortality (category three)

1. through biological sciences, cloning (Levinson)

Through the biological sciences, such as genetic engineering, and cloning in the future ofLevinson, his characters find extended lives, and new bodies.

2. through electrical engineering, robots (Asimov)

In both The Robot Series and The Foundation Series, Asimov explores artificialintelligence and makes The Laws of Robotics which allows the construction of Robotsthat are compatible with humans. The technology that makes them possible is thedevelopment of what Asimov calls The Positronic Brain. This makes possible intelligentelectrical life that can live indefinitely.

3. becoming a space ghost (Clarke)

In 2001: A Space Odyssey, humankind abandons its body and becomes a space spirit.

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Summary

Common threads to these writers are affecting the future for a viable society. Keyoperators (or heroes) are mavericks and immortality in the next phase of human evolutionis addressed.

Are not all of these science fiction stories showing us how to build a new kind of futurefor humans and presenting a spirituality that is compatible with a modern species?

In all of these works there is a world, indeed at times a galaxy, in turmoil, a challenge putforth to humankind, and the struggle for a new world order to emerge. It is not unlike theworld we live in today. We have problems to address, like:

1. Global Warming2. Diminishing Resources3. Over Population

We await the arrival of Levinson’s Sierra Waters, Asimov’s Hari Seldon, Golan Trevize,and Elijah Baley, and Clarkes’s Dave Bowman, to carry humanity into the future.

In a modern world, where science and technology advance at astonishing rates, a world ofcell phones, communication satellites, text messaging, space stations, space telescopes,come and go space travel into earth orbit, rovers and probes being sent to mars and themoon, and unmanned craft leaving the solar system, perhaps it is time we let sciencefiction be the guiding light.

In the drama and ideas of these works, we see solutions to world problems and visions fora viable model for human society.

The heroes of humanity are the characters in these books, and the writers who createthem, because we learn through such science fiction how to tackle real problems.

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Seeds

Seeing the movie "Pirates" I there saw a ship with the sea god Neptune,trident in hand, mounted to the front. Years later this image seemed to say itmeant something pertaining to the Universe and the Planet Neptune. Myastronomical research indeed, years later, ended at that planet, with myNeptune equation.

Finally, as I had not made any progress for a while, another image struckme. It was when I saw a book called "Plutonia" in the personal library ofPaul Levinson, in a movie about his book, "Behind The Plot to SaveSocrates". Its age, and reddish-pink cover reminded me of my book "TheLevinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon", as it is a funky cover designed bymyself of a rocket traveling in a pink Universe. My Book itself is, in part,about Paul Levinson's "Plot To Save Socrates". And because Plutoniaderives from Pluto, which is a planet, one I have yet to consider in theresearch for this project, it is about Plutonia.

My book, so far, ends in a phenomenon linking Levinson, Asimov, andClarke, to the timewave theory of Terence McKenna which was inspired bytaking hallucinogenic psilocybin mushrooms.

After researching the work Plutonia at wikipedia, I found plutonia is not justa science fiction novel by a Russian Scientist, written in 1915, but is a typeof hallucinogenic psilocybin mushroom.

Since timewave is about interconnectedness, and so is my book, I thought Iwould post this occurrence here.

Since interconnectedness arises in my research pertaining to PaulLevinson's "The Plot To Save Socrates", and his book is abouttimetravel, I am beginning to understand why: interconnectednesshas everything to do with time.


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Plutonia arrived in the mail today, April 20, 2011. I started reading it today.The team of four scientists in the novel leave Moscow for their Arcticexpedition on April 20. I am right in phase with their adventure. I alsoordered The Silk Code by Paul Levinson today, April 20, 2011, just realizingafter I received an e-mail from Amazon.com that it shipped out today onApril 20 that his book is now in sync with Plutonia, which I was inspired tobuy after I saw it in his personal library in a movie about his book The PlotTo Save Socrates. The Plot To Save Socrates is tied up in my astronomicalresearch in a way that has to do with interconnectedness and I ordered TheSilk Code because not only do I want to get wrapped up in his mastery ofdeveloping plot, creating great drama and exploring interesting ideas, Ithought it might reveal something to further my work about his work andthat of Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke. Looks like I am off to a goodstart. I have already mentioned how Plutonia is wrapped up in this project, inso far as plutonia is the species name of a hallucinogenic mushroom ofgenus used by Terrence McKenna to make his time wave, which I havefound is connected to The Plot to Save Socrates, and Asimov’s I, Robot.

It is starting to become clear to me how it works. I make an effort to be insync with nature. When I walk in the wildlife gardens, I take my cue fromthe animals for example. That is behave according to what they are doing fora particular season, i.e., gathering seeds in the spring and summer andstoring them for the winter, the lizards come out with the sun and lay on awarm rock, and I have made my reading in sync with nature as well. So,Plutonia, being a book about a scientific expedition to the Arctic, of coursethey are going to leave in late April, far enough into spring that the snow ismelting, and passage is possible through the Bering Straight because theicebergs are breaking apart... and so on. I am really kind of happy, thoughthat it was exactly April 20th when the expedition left Moscow, and thebook fell into my hands exactly on April 20th. I imagine if you stick withsomething long enough a reasonable explanation starts to form, now matterhow far reaching the anomaly.


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Archimedes Plutonium

Having finished the book “Plutonia” which lead me to consider thelast planet “Pluto”, among other things already mentioned, Idecided to post my work to the discussion group sci.astro, a googlegroup. Something I had postponed for years, and thought maybewould not be a good idea at all do to the given the nature of thiswork. Immediately posted above my work was the work of anauthor whose pen name is Archimedes Plutonium. Thisimmediately gave me another aspect of the word Pluto. In histheory, called The Atom Totality Theory, he shows that theelement 231 Plutonium describes the myriad aspects of theUniverse. Precisely, the numbers of electron shells, and subshellsof that isotope of plutonium provide ratios that describeapproximations to the value of pi, euler’s number e, thebackground radiation of the universe, the fine structure constantand an explanation for the imaginary number, i.

Furthermore, I found it interesting that the isotope of plutoniumthat does this is 231, because not only does my work bear aconnection to the book “Plutonia”, it also bears a connection to2001: A Space Odyssey and its sequels because the monolith inthat book has proportions that are the squares of 1, 2, and 3 which Ihave explained relate to my discovery of 9/5 throughout nature and1, 2, 3 are the digits in 231 Plutonium. Once again, the time that Ido specific works and read other works, I find my life entangledwith literature, no doubt from my trips to Mexico and Italy, whoseliterature is often based on this phenomenon that is a part of life inthose countries. The thing is to find my way out of it, and approachacademics from that methodology I practiced while a student atThe University of Oregon and working at the state observatory.Perhaps then I can see my work in a new light, one where it is apart of me as opposed to me being a part of it.

Ian Beardsley May 16, 2011

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The Pointing Of The Planets

I have shown how Jupiter and Saturn point to the Earth, because with Saturn at about 9units from the sun in its closest approach, and Jupiter at about five units with its closestapproach to the sun, that puts the earth at about one unit from the sun, and, that, further,nine-fifths is the ratio of the solar radius to the lunar orbit of the moon around the earth,as well as the ratio of the molar mass of gold to that of silver. It should also be mentionedthat 9 and 5 are volumes of two of the five regular solids in terms of the regular solid thetetrahedron having a volume of one in Buckminster Fuller’s Synergetics.

I then show that the earth, in turn, points to Neptune through Venus and Mars in theNeptune Equation. I wrote:

He wrote in his Journal as follows:

We have an equation for a sequence that shows the Earth straddled betweenVenus and Mars. Venus is a failed Earth. Mars promises to be New Earth. Theequation, that I presented in my work, “The Document”, is:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars orbital #) =a_n

The Mars orbital number is 4. If we want to know what planet in the solar systemholds the key to the success of Earth, or to the success of humans, we let n =3since the Earth is the third planet out from the Sun, in the equation and the resultis a_n = 17.6. This means the planet that holds the key is Neptune. It has a massof 17.23 earth masses, a number very close to our 17.6. The next step is to analyzeNeptune, its composition and other factors. He thought he must have been blind.Not only was Neptune the indicated planet, he found it had nearly the samesurface gravity of earth. Though it was much more massive than earth, it wasmuch larger and therefore less dense. That was why it came out to have the samesurface gravity.

The Neptune Equation is derived by considering 9/5, which is 1.8. I wrote thefollowing:

Salvoretti had done it. The structure of the solar system and dynamic elements ofthe Universe and Nature in general were tied up in the two sequences:

5, 14, 23, 32,…

and

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Could he find the connection between the two to localize the pivotal point of thesolar system? Yes he could, he took their difference, subtracting respective terms

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in the second sequence from those in the first sequence to obtain the newsequence:

3.2, 10.4, 17.6, 24.8,…

Which is an arithmetic sequence with common difference of 7.2 meaning it iswritten

7.2n – 4 = a_n

The a_n is the nth term of the sequence, n is the number of the term in thesequence.

This he noticed could be written:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars orbital #) =a_n

There was good reason write these sequences from what I wrote here:

We originally thought that 1.8 (9/5) occurred in the solar system and nature,alone. It is the ratio of Saturn orbit to Jupiter orbit in their closest approaches tothe sun. It is the ratio of the solar radius to the lunar orbit. It is ratio of the molarmass of gold to that of silver. Then I discovered that approximately twice thatvalue (3.7) was recurrent throughout the solar system and nature. Twice 1.8 is3.6. I found it occurred in Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Mercury, and Venus to name afew as 3.7. Now I have found it in Neptune and Uranus, precisely:

(neptune orbit)/(uranus orbit)=(30.0578)/(19.1819)=0.37957~0.38~0.37~0.36

0.37(earth mass)/(mars mass)=0.37(10)=3.7

It occurs here to me we are not just dealing with 1.8 and 3.7, but any wholenumber multiple of 1.8. We are dealing with: a_n=1.8n

Let us try three times 1.8. It is 5.4. Immediately we see it in the most obvious,Jupiter. It is the largest and most massive planet in the solar system. Its furthestdistance from the sun in its orbit is 5.455 AU ~ 5.4.

We see it in the following

(saturn mass)/(neptune mass)=(95.147)/(17.23)=5.522~5.4

I have already noted that Saturn and Neptune have similar inclinations to theirorbit that are only common to Earth and Mars.

Thus, we are dealing here with the sequence:

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1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Furthermore;

[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)][(earth mass)/(mars mass)] = 7.2

Some of the most interesting occurrences of 3.7 in nature are:







(earth radius)/(moon radius)=4(degrees in a circle)(moon distance)/(sun distance)

= 3.7

There are about as many days in a year as degrees in a circle.

When I say that the earth points to Neptune through mars and Venus, we might as wellsay it points to Neptune and Uranus, because I have found they are coupled, which can beseen by that which I wrote here:

I calculate that though Neptune is more massive than Uranus, its volume is less such thattheir products are close to equivalent. In math:

N_v = volume of NeptuneN_m = mass of Neptune

U_v = volume of UranusU_m = mass of Uranus

(N_v)(N_m) = (U_v)(U_m)

This is appropriate, because these two planets are similar in size, mass, and compositionand are not just gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter, but are also the two ice giants.

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I now sit here reading the science fiction work Plutonia. Naturally, I begin to think aboutthe planet Pluto, or what some astronomers today consider a planet, and the only sphere Ihave yet to consider. However, right off the bat is it not obvious that Neptune and Uranuspoint to Pluto if you know the history of Pluto?

It is this: The Astronomer, Urbain Verrier in the 1840’s predicted the existence ofNeptune because of perturbations in the Orbit of Uranus. More observations coming leadto the idea that Neptune alone could not be the cause. A ninth planet was searched for,and finally confirmed in 1930.

This completes a journey through the solar system that tells a story with meaning, but isonly the beginning of our investigations, because the sci-fi book Plutonia, by VladimirObruchev is about an arctic expedition where scientists find in the Arctic an opening inthe earth to a warm, lush world warmed by a ball of heat at the center of the earth calledPluto. I know of those who believe that the future for humanity is not in space, but insomething they call “project genesis” from a star trek movie, wherein lush, sustainableecosystems are created beneath the earth by hollowing it out in places. Whether or notsuch a thing is feasible, does not matter to me. I find myself at project genesis in thesense that we try to understand how to create and maintain habitable ecosystemsindefinitely.


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Absolute Magnitude Zero Stars

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Chapter 25: A Look In Salvoretti’s Journal

Entry: Topic: Blue Stars

We will find the energy required to move the earth of mass m, from the surface of the sununder its gravity, to its current orbit of one astronomical unit, the sun of mass M.

The energy given to move something against gravity is given by the Work, W:

Work = W = F ds

F is Force. In the case of the sun and earth, we use Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity:

€

F =GMmr2

We integrate from R to r (from the radius of the sun to the orbit of earth):

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W = F ⋅ dr∫ = −GMmr

G is the universal constant of gravity.

G = 6.672E-08 in dyn-centimeter squared-per second squaredAnd, M = 1.989E33 gramsAnd m = 5.976E27 gramsAnd R =6.9599E10 centimetersAnd r = 1.495979E13 centimeters

Evaluating the integral for work, W:

€

GMm = (6.672E − 08)(1.989E33)(5.976E27)

Which is equal to 7.93E53

(7.93E53)/(6.9599E10) = 1.14E43 ergs

(7.93E53)/(1.495979E13) = 5.30E40 ergs

1.14E43 – 5.30E40 = 1.13E43 ergs

1 erg = 1E-07 joules

The final answer is 1.13E36 Joules of energy to move earth from the sun to its orbit.

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We now calculate how many times brighter the sun has to be to equal the annual outputof energy (luminosity) of what we just calculated, the energy to move the earth from thesurface of the sun to its current orbit.

Seconds in a year:

(365 days)(24 hours)(60 minutes)(60 seconds) = 3.15E7

Solar luminosity is: 3.826E26 J/s

(3.826E26 J/s)(3.15E7 s) = 1.21E34 J/yr

(1.2E34)x = 1.13E36 J

And, x = 94.2

The sun must be 94.2 times as luminous for its annual output in energy to equal theenergy required to move the earth from its surface to its current orbit.

We calculated that an object has to be about 94 times as luminous as the sun to have anannual output in energy over a year, that equals the energy required to move the earthfrom the surface of the sun to its orbit, and there are 92 naturally occurring elements as ofyet, a number close to the factor of 94.

Let us round that luminosity to 94 solar luminosities, and calculate the absolutemagnitude of such an object.

€

2.512x = 94

x log 2.512 = log 94

0.4x = 1.973

x = 4.93

The sun has an absolute magnitude of 4.83 which is about five. The absolute magnitudeof our object is 4.93 steps in magnitude brighter than the sun, which is about fivemagnitudes brighter than the sun. Five steps brighter is five minus five, which gives ourobject an absolute magnitude of zero. Thus the system of the ancients has a zeromagnitude related so elegantly to the number of the naturally occurring elements and theenergy required to move the earth from the sun to earth orbit.

A zero absolute magnitude object is a star of spectral class B on the main sequence. Thatis its color is blue.

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The habitable zone of a planet is the orbital distance from a star that allows water to existas a liquid. Since our zero magnitude star is about 94 times more luminous than the sun,as I have calculated it, the habitable zone for a planet around this zero magnitude star isfurther from it than the earth is from the sun. Luminosity, or the amount of light given offby a star decreases as the square of the distance from the star (see the inverse square law).Since this magnitude zero star is about 94 times brighter than the sun, and there is someplay in the habitable zone, we can, for ease of calculation, and elegance, say our star is100 times more luminous than the sun. Since ten squared is 100 the habitable zonearound our blue, spectral class B, zero magnitude star is 10 astronomical units from it.This puts the orbit of a planet around the star at the same distance Saturn is from the sun.

The stars on the main sequence form an S shaped curve where luminosity increases withmass. The sun is exactly in the middle of this curve, an average, yellow star of spectralclass G. The relationship from a sample of many stars shows that mass, M is related toluminosity, L as follows:

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L = M 3.5

We can find the mass of our zero magnitude star with this:

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100 = M 3.5

log 100 = 3.5 log M

(2)/(3.5) = log M

0.57 = log M

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M =100.57 = 3.7

Our zero magnitude, blue, spectral class B star is 3.7 solar masses.

The mass of the sun in grams is:

1.989E33 g

This means our zero magnitude blue, spectral class B star has a mass of:

(1.989E33 g)(3.7 solar masses) = 7.36E33 grams

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We can use Kepler’s third law of planetary motion for circular orbits to calculate theyear of a planet in circular orbit around our zero magnitude, spectral class B, bluestar. It is:

€

T = 2π r3

GM

Where T is the orbital period, or year of the planet in question, and r is its orbitaldistance from the star, G is the universal constant of gravitation, and M is the mass ofthe star the body is orbiting.

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2π = 2(3.141) = 6.282

r = 10 astronomical units

1 astronomical unit is 1.5E13 cm

(1.5E13 cm)(10 astronomical units) = (1.5E14 cm)

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r3 = 3.375E42

G=6.672E-8 (dyn cm squared)/(g squared)

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r3

GM=

3.375E42(6.672E − 8)(7.36E33)

= 6.87E15

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6.87E15) = 8.3E7 seconds

(8.3E7 seconds)(6.282) = 5.2E8 seconds

(5.2E8 seconds)/(60 seconds) = 8.67E6 minutes

(8.67E6 minutes)/(60 minutes) = 1.445E5 hours

(1.445E5 hours)/(24 hours) = 6.025E3 days

(6.02E3E3 days)/(365.25 days) = 16.48 earth years

The orbit of the planet around our zero magnitude, spectral class B, blue star is 16.48earth years. The closest orbital period to this in our solar system is that of Jupiter at 11.86years. That of Saturn is 29.5 earth years.

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Stars are approximate blackbody radiators, where a blackbody is that which absorbs allincoming radiation, and emits the maximum amount of radiation for its temperature. Weask, according the laws of blackbodies, given the luminosity of an absolute magnitudezero star, and its surface temperature, what is its radius.

The color index of a star (B-V) 100 times more luminous than the sun is on an H-Rdiagram, -0.12, which corresponds to many absolute zero magnitude zero stars, andsurface temperature of 13,000 degrees Kelvin. Temperature of a star is related to itspower radiated per unit surface by the Stefan-Boltzmann law:

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RRs

=TsT⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟ 2 LLs

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟

12

Where R is the radius of the star, R subscript S is the radius of the sun, T subscript S isthe temperature of the sun in degrees Kelvin, T is the temperature of star in degreesKelvin, L is the luminosity of the star, and L subscript S is the luminosity of the sun.

We have:

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(5800 /13,000)2(2.5124.83)12 =

(0.199)(9.2) = 1.8 solar radii

We have used the temperature of the sun 5800 degrees Kelvin and 4.83 – 0 = 4.83 where4.83 is the absolute magnitude of the sun.

Our absolute magnitude zero main sequence star is 1.8 times larger than the sun.

We have said that a star on the main sequence of 100 solar luminosities is close to anabsolute magnitude zero star. Just how close is it? We use:

E1/E2 = 2.512^-(0-4.83) = 2.512^4.83

Where E1 is the luminosity of the star, and E2 is the luminosity of the sun, 4.83 is theabsolute magnitude of the sun. This gives:

E1 = 85.525E2

Or in other words, an absolute magnitude zero star is 85.525 solar luminosities. This isvery close to our 100 solar luminosities considering a star can be more than a millionsolar luminosities

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I believe zero magnitude stars on the main sequence are important, if not off the mainsequence, in that they are connected to our star, the sun, through the number of naturallyoccurring elements, the earth orbital period, and the amount of energy it would take tomove the earth from the sun to its orbit. Such stars, or plus or minus one magnitude ofbrightness, are of spectral class A to spectral class B. They are important because the sunis important, as it is a star in which a life bearing planet, the earth, has formed.

I believe Saturn is important, because it is at an orbital distance from the sun that is in myprojected habitable zone for a zero magnitude star, on the main sequence. Because ofthis, I feel it is no coincidence that Saturn has rings. What we have here, in this work, is aclue to the secret of origins, in particular to the structure that allows for life.

The absolute magnitude of a star is its luminosity at a set distance from the observer,which has been set at 10 parsecs. One parsec is 3.26 light years, where a light year is thedistance light travels in one year, or in the time it takes the earth to make one revolutionaround the sun, in other words. A parsec is also the parallax of a star measured bydisplacing oneself by an astronomical unit, where an astronomical unit is the averagedistance of the earth from the sun, in its nearly circular orbit. This corresponds to aparallax angle of one arc second.

My belief is if you want to get at what nature is, don’t worry about being right on inmany aspects of work, because in art a circle unclosed is a circle closed by the concept inart they call closure, a nature of the way the human eye works with the mind. Is what weare seeing here is the rough sketch of nature, the idea.

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Chapter 18: The Search For The Tarot

Blue stars on the main sequence around absolute magnitude zero are important tointelligent life in the universe because they are where a star begins to have too much massto last long enough on the main sequence to give life a chance to develop intointelligence. If the earth is any indication of how old a star needs to be to allow for this, ittook in the area of 600 million years for life to evolve into intelligence on earth, and thatprocess didn’t even begin until several billion years after the earth formed. Blue stars areso massive that they are hotter than yellow stars like the sun, and thereby burn up theirfuel quicker. They stay on the main sequence for about 200 million years. This meanssince they never develop intelligent life, then they are not taken and civilizations fromother star systems can inhabit them if they have habitable planets. Who gets what isdetermined in a democratic process by The Galactic Federation Of Worlds.

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Chapter 54: The Road From Ebla

Leonard knew Alpha Centauri was the closest star system to earth, and that it was a triplesystem some 4.2 light years away. He also knew the primary, Alpha Centauri A, was aG2V main sequence star, which makes it the same kind of star as the Sun; similar in size,luminosity, and temperature. He noted that as seen from the Earth, the star had anapparent magnitude of zero. He had found that stars of absolute magnitude zero on themain sequence, which are blue and hotter than the sun, were important.

He knew that the sun had an absolute magnitude of 4.83, which was its brightness fromten parsecs. He knew a parsec was important because it was the parallax of an objectgiven by the earth-sun separation. In addition, he knew 10 was important, becausehumans have 10 fingers, and that probably had something to do with the base 10 countingsystem. Again, he began to see the importance in main sequence stars of apparentmagnitude zero. Therefore, he asked, how far should a zero absolute magnitude mainsequence star be from the earth to appear the same as the brightness of the sun at 10parsecs from the earth?

He rounded the absolute magnitude of the sun to five. A difference in five magnitudes is100 solar luminosities. Absolute magnitude zero stars were close to 100 solarluminosities. To reduce the brightness of a star 100 times what it was at 10 parsecs meantby the inverse square law it had to be 10 times further away, because 10 squared is 100.His hypothetical star was then 100 parsecs distant. He knew a parsec was 3.26 light years,so it was then 326 light years from him.

The galaxy had some two hundred billon stars in it and was some 100 to 200 thousandlight years across and some 1000 light years thick Therefore, he had to choose aconstellation. Since Perseus was the radiant of the most spectacular meteor shower onearth whose maximum was around August 12 (called the Perseid Meteor Shower), hewent to the Bright Star Catalogue and looked under the listings for Perseus for a star thatmet his criteria.

The star that came up was called HD 26961, which had apparent magnitude of 4.60 closeenough to the absolute magnitude of the sun of 4.83, an absolute magnitude of –0.35,close enough to zero, a distance from earth of 318 light years, close to his 326 light yearsprojected in his calculation, and a spectral class of A2V, the roman numeral V meantmain sequence, or a “normal star” like the sun, on the curve right up the middle of an HRDiagram an S shaped curve that had on either side of it Red Giants and White Dwarfs,which are off the main sequence, the HR diagram being a sort of plot of luminosity ofstars versus their temperature. When Alien one and Alien two gave him his space ship,this was where he would go after visiting Ursa Major, the nearest star cluster. Leonardmade the following table and entered it in his journal:

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The Index Codigo

96

Chapter 52: The Index Codigo

Leonard had a vision in his sleep. It was a giant slab of stone that looked like the RosettaStone, which was an ancient find of a black stone with the same text engraved in it inthree different languages, including Ancient Egyptian, which allowed us to decipherhieroglyphs.

However in his dream was a white stone, engraved in it with very light grey writing, sosmall that you would need an electron microscope to read it. He believed the writingrecorded the structure of Solar Systems throughout the Galaxy, as discovered by theintelligences that inhabited them. His belief was that when each civilization entered spaceand became a member of the Galactic Federation of Worlds, they contributed theinformation about their solar system to the Galactic Library.

Leonard felt that maybe Alien one and Alien Two were interested in him, actually,because he was revealing the structure in his solar system and it would become part of theGalactic Library and engraved on the giant slab, that he liked to call, ‘The IndexCodigo’.

He felt such information was gathered to find the structure behind the galaxy in terms ofthe structure behind all its solar systems.

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Leonard Taylor could not build a starship. It had been worked out on paper how to makea hyperdrive, but it had not been figured out how to generate the energy to make it work.That is to generate enough energy to open up space.

However, he could design the starship’s fleet. He wrote out a mathematical system ofseveral different sections. The thought process involved in the development of eachdifferent section corresponded to the thought process of each different division of thefleet in its different part of operating the ship. Each fleet division knew the entire work,but operated according to their assigned section. As such everything functions as oneintegrated whole.

The following page is the design for that starship fleet.

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Design For Starship Fleet

Formulas Derived from the Parallelogram

Remarks. Squares and rectangles are parallelograms that have four sides thesame length, or two sides the same length. We can determine area by measuringit either in unit triangles or unit squares. Both are fine because they both areequal sided, equal angled geometries that tessellate. With unit triangles, theareas of the regular polygons that tessellate have whole number areas. Unitsquares are usually chosen to measure area.

Having chosen the unit square with which to measure area, we notice that thearea of a rectangle is base times height because the rows determine the amountof columns and the columns determine the amount of rows. Thus for a rectanglewe have:

A=bh

Drawing in the diagonal of a rectangle we create two right triangles, that bysymmetry are congruent. Each right triangle therefore occupies half the area, andfrom the above formula we conclude that the area of a right triangle is one halfbase times height:

A=(1/2)bh

By drawing in the altitude of a triangle, we make two right triangles and applyingthe above formula we find that it holds for all triangles in general.

We draw a regular hexagon, or any regular polygon, and draw in all of its radii,thus breaking it up into congruent triangles. We draw in the apothem of eachtriangle, and using our formula for the area of triangles we find that its area is onehalf apothem times perimeter, where the perimeter is the sum of its sides:

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A=(1/2)ap

A circle is a regular polygon with an infinite amount of infitesimal sides. If thesides of a regular polygon are increased indefinitely, the apothem becomes theradius of a circle, and the perimeter becomes the circumference of a circle.Replace a with r, the radius, and p with c, the circumference, and we have theformula for the area of a circle:

A=(1/2)rc

We define the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter as pi. That ispi=c/D. Since the diameter is twice the radius, pi=c/2r. Therefore c=2(pi)r and theequation for the area of a circle becomes:

A=(pi)r^2

(More derived from the parallelogram)

Divide rectangles into four quadrants, and show that

A. (x+a)(x+b)=(x^2)+(a+b)x+ab

B. (x+a)(x+a)=(x^2)+2ax+(a^2)

A. Gives us a way to factor quadratic expressions.

B. Gives us a way to solve quadratic equations. (Notice that the last term is thesquare of one half the middle coefficient.)

Remember that a square is a special case of a rectangle.

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There are four interesting squares to complete.

1) The area of a rectangle is 100. The length is equal to 5 more than the widthmultiplied by 3. Calculate the width and the length.

2) Solve the general expression for a quadratic equation, a(x^2)+bx+c=0

3) Find the golden ratio, a/b, such that a/b=b/c and a=b+c.

4) The position of a particle is given by x=vt+(1/2)at^2. Find t.

Show that for a right triangle (a^2)=(b^2)+(c^2) where a is the hypotenuse, b andc are legs. It can be done by inscribing a square in a square such that four righttriangles are made.

Use the Pythagorean theorem to show that the equation of a circle centered atthe origin is given by r^2=x^2+y^2 where r is the radius of the circle and x and ythe orthogonal coordinates.

Derive the equation of a straight line: y=mx+b by defining the slope of the line asthe change in vertical distance per change in horizontal distance.

Triangles

All polygons can be broken up into triangles. Because of that we can usetriangles to determine the area of any polygon.

Theorems Branch 1

1. If in a triangle a line is drawn parallel to the base, then the lines on both sidesof the line are proportional.

2. From (1) we can prove that: If two triangles are mutually equiangular, they aresimilar.

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3. From (2) we can prove that: If in a right triangle a perpendicular is drawn fromthe base to the right angle, then the two triangles on either side of theperpendicular, are similar to one another and to the whole.

4. From (3) we can prove the Pythagorean theorem.

Theorems Branch 2

1. Draw two intersecting lines and show that opposite angles are equal.

2. Draw two parallel lines with one intersecting both. Use the fact that oppositeangles are equal to show that alternate interior angles are equal.

3. Inscribe a triangle in two parallel lines such that its base is part of one of thelines and the apex meets with the other. Use the fact that alternate interior anglesare equal to show that the sum of the angles in a triangle are two right angles, or180 degrees.

Theorems Branch 3

1. Any triangle can be solved given two sides and the included angle.

c^2=a^2+b^2-2abcos(C)

2. Given two angles and a side of a triangle, the other two sides can be found.

a/sin(A)=b/sin(B)=c/sin(C)

3.Given two sides and the included angle of a triangle you can find its area, K.

K=(1/2)bc(sin(A))

4.Given three sides of a triangle, the area can be found by using the formulas in(1) and (3).

Question: what do parallelograms and triangles have in common?Answer: They can both be used to add vectors.

Trigonometry

When a line bisects another so as to form two equal angles on either side, theangles are called right angles. It is customary to divide a circle into 360 equalunits called degrees, so that a right angle, one fourth of the way around a circle,is 90 degrees.

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The angle in radians is the intercepted arc of the circle, divided by its radius,from which we see that in the unit circle 360 degrees is 2(pi)radians, and we canrelate degrees to radians as follows: Degrees/180 degrees=Radians/pi radians

An angle is merely the measure of separation between two lines that meet at apoint.

The trigonometric functions are defined as follows:

cos x=side adjacent/hypotenuse

sin x=side opposite/hypotenuse

tan x=side opposite/side adjacent

csc x=1/sin x

sec x=1/cos x

cot x=1/tan x

We consider the square and the triangle, and find with them we can determinethe trigonometric function of some important angles.

Square (draw in the diagonal): cos 45 degrees =1/sqrt(2)=sqrt(2)/2

Equilateral triangle (draw in the altitude): cos 30 degrees=sqrt(3)/2; cos 60degrees=1/2

Using the above formula for converting degrees to radians and vice versa:

30 degrees=(pi)/6 radians; 60 degrees=(pi)/3 radians.

The regular hexagon and pi

Tessellating equilateral triangles we find we can make a regular hexagon, whichalso tessellates. Making a regular hexagon like this we find two sides of anequilateral triangle make radii of the regular hexagon, and the remaining side ofthe equilateral triangle makes a side of the regular hexagon. All of the sides of anequilateral triangle being the same, we can conclude that the regular hexagonhas its sides equal in length to its radii.

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If we inscribe a regular hexagon in a circle, we notice its perimeter is nearly thesame as that of the circle, and its radius is the same as that of the circle. If weconsider a unit regular hexagon, that is, one with side lengths of one, then itsperimeter is six, and its radius is one. Its diameter is therefore two, and sixdivided by two is three. This is close to the value of pi, clearly, by looking at aregular hexagon inscribed in a circle.

The sum of the angles in a polygon

Draw a polygon. It need not be regular and can have any number of sides. Drawin the radii. The sum of the angles at the center is four right angles, or 360degrees. The sum of the angles of all the triangles formed by the sides of thepolygon and the radii taken together are the number of sides, n, of the polygontimes two right angles, or 180 degrees. The sum of the angles of the polygon arethat of the triangles minus the angles at its center, or A, the sum of the angles ofthe polygon equals n(180 degrees)-360 degrees, or

A=180 degrees(n-2)

With a rectangular coordinate system you need only two numbers to specify apoint, but with a triangular coordinate system --- three axes separated by 120degrees -- you need three. However, a triangular coordinates system makes useof only 3 directions, whereas a rectangular one makes use of 4.

A rectangular coordinate system is optimal in that it can specify a point in theplane with the fewest numbers, and a triangular coordinate system is optimal inthat it can specify a point in the plane with the fewest directions for its axes. Therectangular coordinate system is determined by a square and the triangularcoordinate system by an equilateral triangle.

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3.7 recurrent throughout nature

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volume_of _ saturnvolume_of _ jupiter

(volume_of _mars) =

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(mercury _ radius)(earth _ radius)2 =

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[(venus_orbit /earth _orbit)(earth _ radius)]3 =

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(mercury _orbit /earth _orbit)(earth _ radius)3 =

0.37 cubic earth radii

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earth _ radiusmoon _ radius

= 4(deg rees_ in _circle)moon _ distancesun _ distance

=

3.7

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L = M 3.5

L=100 solar luminosities is a zero magnitude star

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100 = M 3.5

log 100 = 3.5 log M

2/3.5 =log M

0.57 = log M

M = 3.7 solar masses

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A2

nP=Saturn _orbitJupiter_orbit

=95

n = 4 = mars orbit number

A = area of a 3 by 4 rectangleNumber of 3 by 4 rectangles in a 6 by 8 rectangle = n = 4

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P=perimeter inscribed in a 6 by 8 rectangle = 20

(3,4,5) is first Pythagorean triplet

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molar _mass_of _ airmolar_mass_of _water

×human _body _ temerature

freezing_ temperature_of _water=AuAg

=solar_ radius

earth −moon _ distance=95


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How did I determine the equation:






Where 0.37 can be converted to 3.7 by multiplying it by the ratio of earth mass to marsmass because it is close to ten.

It fell on my lap by considering following passages I wrote in 2007:

Nine-fifths (9/5) is embodied by the famous Pythagorean theorem. It is in the firstPythagorean triplet (3,4,5). The Pythagorean theorem, which states therelationship between two sides of a right triangle with its hypotenuse is used tocalculate the distance between two points in a plane, or space, given theircoordinates in a rectangular coordinate system. It states that one side squaredplus the other side squared equals the hypotenuse squared. (3,4,5) is the firsttriplet that satisfies this relationship. That is 3, squared plus 4 squared equals 5squared. 3 squared is our 9, 4 squared is 16, and our 5 is squared to make 25.(3^2+4^2=5^2). Nine is also the five plus the four. This allows us to associate anangle with nine-fifths, by way of the triangle the triplet describes, and, to find ageometric, or pictorial significance of the ratio.

The ancient Egyptians, associated much significance with this triplet,constructing the King’s chamber in the Great Pyramid with these proportions.

Geometric Significance Of nine-fifths, the cosmic equation.

By the Pythagorean theorem

We have x^2+y^2=h^2

The first Pythagorean triplet is (3,4,5)

And x=4, y=3, h=5

If

A= area of 3 by 4 rectangle

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P= perimeter inscribed in 6 by 8 rectangle

And, n= number of 3 by 4 rectangles in a 6 by 8 rectangle.

Then,

(A^2)/nP = 9/5

Is what we have here is a cosmic equation not just for the solar system, but thatholds for the atomic world and biological intricacies of life. If we imagine the solarsystem formed from protoplanetary disc around sun, bodies forming fromparticles and then herding smaller particles to make distribution of planets as weknow them today, I think this equation hold for evolutionary dynamics of solarsystem and nuclear chemistry dictated by stars to make elements. This pictureoutlined above will yield much dynamics upon analysis.

A^2=area squared=P*P*P*P=P^4

P=perimeter

Number = n

Then since A^2/P= P^3= volume

Volume/n=9/5

Saturn orbit (closest approach to the sun) =9 astronomical unitsJupiter orbit (closest approach to the sun)= 5 astronomical units

4th planet = mars

We have:

Volume = (Saturn/Jupiter)Mars

Saturn and Jupiter are the most massive planets in the solar system. Mars is theplanet that can be colonized by humans. I have shown that they represent thesacred volume.

April 6 2000 these three planets ushered in the second millennium forming a circle by themoon, 9 degrees across.

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Chapter Four: Calculation of Sacred Volume

E_r=1= Earth radius

M_r=0.532= Mars radius

J_r= 11.27= Jupiter radius

S_r=9.44= Saturn radius

V = 4/3 (pi)r^3

= 4/3(3.1)(11.27)^3= 5996

=4/3(3.1)(9.44)^3= 3524

=4/3((3.1)(0.532)^3= 0.6307

Volume = (Saturn/Jupiter)mars

= 3524/5996(0.6307) = 0.37 cubic earth radii

Approximately the same number as mercury radius and mercury distance from sun inearth units.

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Chapter 5: Sacred Volume Analyzed, Sacred Length Obtained, Dynamic Structure OfSolar System Revealed.

I calculated the sacred volume to be 0.37 cubic earth radii, which I have noticedcoincides with mercury distance from the sun, and mercury radius in earth units. Sincevolume is in cubic unit lengths, and radius and distances in earth radius and earth-sundistances are lengths, we take the cube root of our sacred volume to get the length of oneside of a cube with the sacred volume. It is 0.72 earth radii. We will call it the sacredlength, it is the venus-sun distance in earth units, where venus is the planet after mercury,or the second planet. This divides into the mercury orbit 0.51 times. We invert that tocompare this cube root to to mercury orbit, and get 1.96. This number is close to 1.8,what I call the cosmic number, or sacred number, nine fifths, which may be worth noting,considering the grand scale of the solar system and the many factors that influenced itsformation. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, the first planet, and is very hot, it isnamed for a Greek god, as are all the planets, and bears the same name as the elementused in thermometers to measure temperature. Mercury was the fleet footed messenger ofthe gods.

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Chapter Six: Recent Developments and Summary

I have found nine-fifths (9/5), which is equal to 1.8 in the most sacred aspects to man,gold, silver, moon, sun, water, air, human body temperature, and have have derived fromthis sacred ratio, or cosmic number, the cosmic volume by expressing it geometrically.That sacred volume is:

(Saturn/Jupiter)mars=0.37 cubic earth radii

Where Saturn and Jupiter are the most massive planets in the solar system, and Mars isthe planet that can be colonized by humans. Taking the cube root of 0.37 gives the sacredlength, it is equal to the distance of the planet Venus from the sun in earth units(astronomical units), which is the second planet. The 0.37 is the mercury-sun distance inearth units, and the mercury radius in earth units. Mercury is the first planet.

Saturn is at 9 earth units in its closest approach to the sun, Jupiter at five.

Thus we see a divine structure for the first six planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,Jupiter, Saturn. This leaves Uranus and Neptune, planets seven and eight respectively.For now we won’t consider Pluto a planet, as its orbit is well inclined to the plane of thesolar system.

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The Future of Levinson and Asimov

In the book by Paul Levinson, “The Plot To Save Socrates” the adventure isinitiated in 2042, and in the book by Isaac Asimov, “I Robot”, hyperdrive,an engine that will take us to the stars is developed in the year 2044. Mymathematical prediction for when hyperdrive will be developed is in the year2043, right between the times of Levinson and Asimov, these dates beingonly a year less or a year more than mine. Let us look at what Paul Levinsonand Isaac Asimov project for human civilization during the years from 2042to 2044, and look at what they might have in common.

In “I Robot” by Isaac Asimov the time of hyperdrive is explored in the shortstory in that book titled: “The Evitable Conflict”.

Asimov tells us while the old problems of a political or economicsystem escalate, new developments dust them under the carpet.Either that, or you have war, which in the end solves nothing.Asimov has one of his character’s saying:

“In the twentieth century we started a new cycle of wars – Whatshall I call them? Ideological wars? The emotions of religionsapplied to economic systems, rather than extra-natural ones? – Andpositronic robots came.

“They came in time, and, with it and alongside it, interplanetarytravel. – So that it no longer seemed so important whether theworld was Adam Smith or Karl Marx. Neither made very muchsense under the new circumstances. Both had to adapt and theyended up in the same place.”

In the 2044 of Asimov, the world is one federation with thedifferent regions functioning under a world coordinator. Robots arefed data and tell each region what needs to be done. That is, theytell how much steel is to be produced in one region for a given day,and how much mercury is to be mined in another region on a givenday, and so on such that the world functions with no problems.

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What is the new problem that arises in this system? One wouldthink by The Laws of Robotics, which is a programming such thatrobots can only do what is good for humans, there could not be aproblem. But one does arise. The robots start giving estimates ofoverproduction or underproduction and so forth. As it would turnout no one man, or even team of scientists understands how therobots work, because they have become so sophisticated over theyears. The fate of humanity is in the hands of robots and no onecan figure out why they are erring. It is finally realized, that therobots are telling regional heads to overproduce steel because theyare corrupt, for example, and if they overproduce steel they will befired by, for example, the regional coordinator, thus makinghumanity better off.

So what are the problems we will encounter that will requirehyperdrive in the near future? It would certainly be in a world thatis estimated to reach a population of 9 billion by 2050. I have readthat it was somewhere between 2030 and 2050 that we will need anew planet earth to support the current level of consumption byhumans. That means traveling beyond our solar system, and, that isdone with hyperdrive. Though I will say hyperdrive would meanrapid travel within our solar system and the planets within oursolar system would have a lot to provide. But hyperdrive is notnecessarily the only solution to this type of problem. Manytechnologies could solve our problems. In particular, efficient solarenergy technology would allow us to convert the sunlight thatpasses us by every day into electricity, and would be enough toprovide for the world’s power requirements. This is where PaulLevinson comes in.

While the adventure of his character, Sierra Waters, begins in2042, through time travel the novel goes as far as 2061.

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In 2061 they have free medical treatment for everyone, and it is ofextraordinary sophistication. Transportation – by air and ground –is easily summoned for, and is paid for with cards of credits thatare read by computers. It is a world whose problems have beensolved with technology.

There is no indication in “The Plot To Save Socrates” thathyperdrive has been developed by 2061. It is suggested to me, butis not necessarily the case, in the statement by a 2061 cab driver inNew York when he mentions that the Greeks had gone to Jupiterand that since 2042 as far as Sierra Waters knew, no one had goneanywhere in the solar system, except the Chinese, who had goneall over the solar system.

I would just like to say while my calculation intends to projectwhen hyperdrive will be developed, by the nature of how it isdone, it may be referring to something else, that the years from2042-2044 are important.

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Jupiter and Saturn: Their Resonance

For approximately circular orbits

T^2 = a^3

Where T is the period of a planet’s orbit in earth years and a is its distance from the sunin astronomical units (average earth-sun separation).

Jupiter is at about 5 units from the sun in its closest approach and Saturn is at about 9units from the sun in its closest approach if the earth is at one unit from the sun.

To find some clue as to why 9/5 (nine-fifths or 1.8) is so important in the solar systemand in nature we write:

T^2 = 9^3 = 729 sqrt(729) = 27 earth years for one revolution of Saturn around the Sun(a Saturn year) and,

T^2 = 5^3 = 125 sqrt(125) = 11 earth years for one revolution of Jupiter around the Sun(a Jupiter year).

And, 27/11 = 2.45 ~ 2.5 years.

That is, for every two and a half revolutions of Jupiter around the sun Saturn makes onerevolution around the sun.

We see that Jupiter orbits the sun every 11 years and the cycle of solar activity is 11years. There are cycles of 9 years and 14 years as well. The Saturn distance from the sunis 9 times that of the earth from the sun in its closest approach to the sun. In their closestapproaches to the sun with greatest separation Jupiter and Saturn are 9 + 5 = 14separations of the earth from the sun. Jupiter and Saturn are the most massive bodies inthe solar system and account for the largest portion of its mass. We must find themeaning behind two and a half (2.5) year cycles. We say that Jupiter and Saturn have twoand a half resonance with one another, for when they align we see they don’t align againfor another two and a half years.

I may have found the two and a half year cycle in the sun's prolonged season of highactivity we seem to be experiencing. It was reported by NASA we are entering the 11year cycle late and its maximum should be midway 2013 but with a prolonged season ofactivity two and a half years either side of the peak.

Ian Beardsley May 17, 2011

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“There must be some kind of way out of here” – Bob Dylan

About “The Document” by Ian Beardsley

The Document is an ongoing work in progress attempting to get at just whatour situation is with respect to the universe and nature and to figure out howhumanity can become a spacefaring civilization, which is different thanmerely being in the space age in the sense that large amounts of people arecoming and going into space and back to earth, that there are numerousspace ports on earth and the general populous is coming and going withbusiness in space, and colonizing planets and moons, that is, how to gethumanity truly off this planet. It also tries to find the secret of creation.

Ian BeardsleyAugust 23, 2010

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Document Written on Earth by Unknown - Chapter 1: The Search For The Tarot

In an effort to generate 4 from the golden ratio and 9/5 inconnection with the earth and the 22-card cycle of the tarotwe begin by finding the equation whose solution is thegolden ratio. The golden ratio, or phi, as it is called, is theratio such that the whole to the greater part is the same asthe greater part to the lesser. That is a/b must be the sameas b/c if a=b+c. Thus we have the two equations:

1. a/b=b/c2. a=b+c

From 1 we have: ac=b^2From 2 we have: c=a-b

These two yield: a(a-b)=b^2

Which can be written: (a^2)-ab=b^2

Or,( a^2)-ab-b^2=0

If we divide the last through by b^2, we get: ((a/b)^2)-(a/b)-1=0This last is a quadratic in a/b. a/b is the golden ratio and canbe found by completing the square. Letting a/b=x, ourequation becomes:

3. ( x^2)-x-1=0

We will not solve equation 3 for the golden ratio but willproceed to consider 9/5.The sequence has been presented:

5,14,23,32,41,50,59…

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Where we begin with five and add nine to each successiveterm. It has been noted that the sum of the digits of eachterm is five. Thus this sequence embodies the principle of(9/5) a ratio I have found to exist throughout nature fromatoms of gold and silver, to the moon and the sun, to water,and air, to the human body temperature and freezingtemperature of water, to the very structure of the solarsystem itself. The above sequence is an arithmeticsequence, the nth term of which is predicted by:

4. a_n=5+9(n-1)5. a_n=9n-4 (equivalently)

Since the earth is the third planet, then n=3 yields:

9(3)-4=27-4=23

As it so happens, 23 is the 9th prime number, and represents theearth. We write, from 5:

6. 23=9x-47. 27=9x8. 9x-27=0

We equate equation 8 with equation 3:

9x-27=(x^2)-x-1

To find the intersection of 9/5 and the golden ratio at earthorbit, and get:

9. ( x^2)-10x+26=0

Equation 9 can be solved with the quadratic equation andhas the solutions, (5+i),(5-i).

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These are two complex numbers with real parts 5 and 5, andimaginary parts sqrt(-1) and -sqrt(-1). They are vectorswhose sum is:

(5,1)+(5,-1)=(10,0)

And whose points are separated by:

|(5+i)-(5-i)|=2i

With a modulus of sqrt(5^2+1^2)=sqrt(26)

This generates the triangle with height 5 and base 2i orcomplex number 5+2i.

The Mandelbrot set is the iteration of a function of complexnumbers that generates the fractal given by:

F(z)=(z^2)+c

If the seed is zero and c is our 5+2i

Then F(0)=((0)^2)+5+2i=5+2i

And F(5+2i)=(5+2i)(5+2i)+5+2i=

26+22i

We have generated our 22 cards of the tarot, and our four inthat 26-22=4, from 9/5 and the golden ratio.

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Furthermore 22=> 2+2=4 and 26=>6-2=4

We have generated four, three times as well, and 3 timesfour is twelve. Also, 22+26=48 and 48/4=12. 12 is thesmallest abundant number.

Four will always represent for me, the fourth planet mars, theone in our solar system that can be terraformed to supporthuman life.

Humans have always liked to quarter things: four directions,north, south, east, and west. Or the Cartesian co-ordinatesystem in mathematics, used to locate a point with twoperpendicularly intersecting axes making four quadrants. It iseasy to learn, and effective as it is based on the squarebecause it a regular tessellator. (Tessellate means can tile asurface without leaving gaps, regular that all sides andangles in the shape are congruent.) Likewise nature likes toquarter things. The Earth is rotated to the plane of its orbit by23.5 degrees. This means on summer solstice, the Sun isdirectly over-head at noon, the earth receiving the fullpotency of the Sun’s rays, at this latitude. This is La PazBaja California, Mazatlan Mexico, and Gujarat India. Whatnature is doing here, is that which Man likes, and uses, anddoes so because it is practical. 22.5 degrees is the quarter ofa way around a half semi-circle, there is only a one-degreediscrepancy.

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To find when and where the Earth passes through theintersection of 9/5 and golden ratio, which we have shownare (5+i) and (5-i), we use:

a = arctan (y/x) when x>0

a =arctan y/x + pi when x<0

from x+iy = r(cos(a) + isin(a))

r=sqrt(x^2+y^2)

x=5, y=1 yields

arctan 1/5 = arctan 0.2

= 11.3099 degrees

and for (5-i)

we have

-11.3099 degrees

Earth year is 365.25 days

x/365.25=11.3099/360

x360=(365.25)(11.3099)=4130.940975

x=11.47483604 days

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Taking winter solstice (December 22) to be our zero pointthe earth passes through (5+i) on January 2, and (5-i) onDecember 10.

Note: Since 5+i and 5-i have real and imaginarycomponents, the imaginary component refers to an elementat this location in a parallel universe, or tachyon universe asit is called, where mass is negative and travels backwards intime. We as of yet do not know how to penetrate such aplane. Also, keep in mind there is no such thing as absolutespace, so 5+i and 5-i are in a frame of reference where thesun is taken as not moving (i.e. the earth is moving with thesun around the galaxy, the galaxy through the universe, andthe universe in the multiverse, as so on, the list goes withoutend. Motion can only be taken as relative (Einstein, specialrelativity).

In Orbit Around Earth, Visitors From Another Planet Speak

Alien one: “The vector (10,0) or the “10 fingered nothing”. In anotherwise infinite universe, only with our 10 fingers do we haveany hope of surviving. What are the elements of this vector? Theyare

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5 + i and

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5 − i

There are five fingers on each hand, and,

€

i is

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−1, theimaginary number. In other words, life is not the least bitreal, it is a dream.”

Alien two: “Their planet orbits a star they call the sun, whoseradius is 6.9599E10 cm, and orbiting them is a moon at3.84E10 cm. That is a ratio of 9 to 5, the same as the ratio ofgold to silver in molar mass.”

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Alien one: “Gold is the most conductive metal at extremetemperatures, silver, is the most conductive at comfortablelife sustaining temperatures.”

Alien two: “Their moon perfectly eclipses The Sun, as seenfrom their planet. 9 to 5 also happens to be the comparisonof the orbit of their ringed planet to the orbit of their largestplanet. They call them Saturn and Jupiter respectively.”

Alien one: “The planet that can be colonized to sustain life isthe fourth planet out from the Sun. They call it Mars.”

Alien two: “Aha! The intersection of the golden ratio andnine-fifths at earth orbit becomes important, because of theirTarot and the fractal they call “The Mandelbrot Set.”

Alien one: “Tarot, sir?”

Alien two: “Their system of divination with numbered cards,bearing images from aspects of their world.”

Alien one: “The complex number 26+22i can also beimportant because there are 26 letters in the Englishalphabet and there are 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet.”

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We say the earth moves from (5-i) to (5+i) from December 10 to January 2using December 22 as solstice and the zero point. Moving from (5-i) to (5+i)is shown to be 2(11.3099) = 22.6 degrees. That value is nearly theinclination of the earth spin axis to its orbital plane. (5-i) and (5+i) arereasoned to be the intersections of 9/5 and the golden ratio at earth orbit.Their separation, again, is about 22.6 degrees, or close to the inclination ofthe earth spin axis to its orbital plane. I showed 9/5 to occur in nature insome interesting ways. We already know the golden ratio does.

Since the earth tilt is 23.5 degrees and I have shown 22.6 degrees tilt is theintersection of 9/5 and the golden ratio, we will say this suggests an angle of

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22.5 degrees for earth tilt since that is half of a half right angle. Better yet,we will say nature is suggesting an earth tilt of angle arctan (1/2) for theearth as this is close to the angle in a right triangle. It has a hypotenuse of thesquare root of 5. Draw in the circle centered where the top of side one meetsthe hypotenuse, of radius 1 and we have created the golden ratio.

The base of the right triangle is 2. 2 squared is 4. The height is 1. 2(4) +1 =9. Five is the 2 squared plus 1. This is the interaction of 9/5 with the goldenratio being the earth tilt in geometric interaction.

Mars has a similar inclination to its orbit, at 23.98 degrees. Saturn is not faroff at 29 degrees. Also,Neptune at 28.8 degrees. They all, and the Earth havea connection to the golden ratio as depicted above, the circle is the planetand its inclination to its orbit is angle A.

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In the unknown document the complex number 5+2i is important. If we consider theorbital plane of the earth to be a complex plane, and 5+2i to be a position vector thattraces the earth orbit, then the earth is orbiting at a distance from the sun of:

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52 + 22 = 5.385

In the same document it is also shown that the complex number 26 +22i is important.This is an orbital position of:

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262 + 222 = 34.059

To find the orbital position of 26 +22i in astronomical units, we solve the followingequation (the earth is at one astronomical unit from the sun):

(5.385)x = 34

Which gives x = 6.3138 astronomical units.

We can us Kepler’s third law of planetary motion:

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T 2 = a3

to find the orbital period of 26 +22i

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T = (6.3)3 =15.8 earth years

The orbital period then, of 26 + 22i is about sixteen earth years around the sun. I showedyou tonight that the period of the orbit of a planet in the habitable zone of an absolutemagnitude zero star on the main sequence is 16.48 earth years, which we can round to 16earth years. What it says exactly is that the vector 26+22i connects our solar system tothat of an absolute magnitude zero star on the main sequence through the Mandelbrot setbecause 26 +22i was generated by the equation that determines the Mandelbrot set.

the levinson-asimov-clarke phenomenon (third edition)

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