the lisbon barometer
DESCRIPTION
With both the eurozone and the UK now entering a recession, the moment could hardly be more timely to examine how much progress has been made since our last report. In this new project - the Lisbon Barometer - the Stockholm Network has statistically measured the specific effects of the Lisbon Agenda reform effort and subsequently outlines policy recommendations based on these measures. By using nineteen statistical categories – some used by the European Commission itself and some picked to supplement the Commission`s measures – covering both standard and less traditional areas of innovation and competition, the Barometer monitors and ranks the progress of nine EU countries towards meeting the specific and general goals of the original Lisbon Agenda of 2000 and the more recent Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs.TRANSCRIPT
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B
lue S
kies
Win
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f Change Chance of Show
ers Stormy Tim
es Ahead
LISBON AGENDA BAROMETER:Measuring the Lisbon Agenda Goals
IntroductionIn keeping with our core mission of promotingmarket-oriented reform in Europe, theStockholm Network has been keeping a closeeye on the EU’s Lisbon Agenda with a series of publications aimed at giving these goals acloser look to see if they are having any successin improving Europe’s prosperity.
The first paper in the Lisbon series waspublished in autumn 2007. Beyond Lisbon:Reviewing EU policies on IP, Competition andInnovation evaluated the EU’s intellectualproperty, competition and innovation policies by looking at four broad mechanisms the EUeither used or wished to develop to set policyin the following four areas: the Lisbon Agenda’sbroad policy goals; the creation of a EuropeanResearch Area; competition and anti-trust policyunder Article 82 of the EC Treaty; and,
intellectual and industrial property. BeyondLisbon provided a holistic assessment of theEU’s achievements within these policy areas and made recommendations on how it couldimprove its performance and reach its statedgoals. One of its key conclusions was that the Lisbon Agenda could only ever hope tosucceed if it focused on a narrower, moretargeted set of goals.
With both the UK and eurozone entering arecession, the moment could hardly be moretimely to examine how much progress hasbeen made since our last report. In this newproject - the Lisbon Barometer - the StockholmNetwork sets out to statistically measure thespecific effects of the Lisbon Agenda reformeffort and to outline policy recommendationsbased on these measures. By using nineteen
statistical categories – some used by theEuropean Commission itself and some pickedto supplement the Commission’s measures –covering both standard and less traditional areasof innovation and competition, the Barometermonitors and ranks the progress of nine EUcountries towards meeting the specific andgeneral goals of the original Lisbon Agenda of 2000 and the more recent Lisbon Strategyfor Growth and Jobs.
The Lisbon Agenda Barometer is combined with a discussion paper – Explaining the LisbonBarometer which analyses the successes andfailures of the EU in meeting its Lisbon Agendaobjectives, according to the Barometer’s findings.It also makes policy recommendations aimed atachieving the goals of the Lisbon Agenda. Boththe Barometer and the accompanying discussion
paper provide a platform from which theLisbon Agenda can take the final steps awayfrom its origins as a grand political project, toone of practical public policy with real results.
PAGE 1
Fuelling Ideas
0
1
2
3
4
5
2.15
0.91
2.45
4.25
*
1.82
1.05
1.83
1.41
0.37
1.86
3.02
**
2.65
**
2.12
1.16
2.51
3.82
1.72
1.1*
**
1.88
1.59
0.46
1.84
3.13
2.68
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
niaEU
27
Roman
iaJap
an US
Lisbon Agenda Target
2000
2006
KEY
Fuelling Ideas
Big SpendersGross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as % of GDP, 2000 & 2006
*Data from 2001 **Data from 1999 ***Data from 2005Source: Eurostat
PAGE 3
Gro
ss d
omes
tic e
xpen
ditu
re o
n R&
D a
s %
of G
DP
0
20
40
60
80
100 10.7 11 2.8 12 12.3
23 11.5 7 10.5 7.8 8.2
37.6 41
30.4
23 23 36.2
32.8
30
4934.6
17.7 30.4
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en*
The N
ether
lands
* UK
Slove
niaEU
27
Roman
ia
Japan
*US*
51.748
66.865
51.1
44.2
58.5
44
54.9
74.5
61.4
Fuelling Ideas
Knowledge SeekersPercentage of Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D by Public and Private Sources, 2004
*Data from 2003Source: Eurostat
Other
Public
Private
KEY
% o
f gro
ss d
omes
tic e
xpen
ditu
re o
n R&
D
PAGE 4
0
5
10
15
20
Italy
Swed
en
Nether
lands UK
Franc
e
German
yJap
an US
1 1
2
3
4
6
10
18
Fuelling Ideas
R&D ChampionsNumber of Companies in the Global Top 50 by Total R&D Investment, 2006
Source: Department for Trade and Industry, The R&D Scoreboard, 2006
No.
of C
ompa
nies
PAGE 5
Innovation and Exploitation
Japan 28.83
US 30.96
Other 15.48
Fran
ce 4
.66
Ger
man
y 11.
85
Spain
0.3
8
Sweden 1.23
The Netherlands 2.24
Italy 1.35
UK 3
Slovenia 0.018Romania 0.006
Innovation and Exploitation
Innovation Nation: Patent IntensityPercentage Share of Total Triadic Patent Families*, 2005
*Data refers to patents applied for at the EPO, USPTO and JPOSource: OECD Patent Database, 2007
Percentage Share of Total Triadic Patent families PAGE 7
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400Romania
Slovenia
Spain
ItalyThe NetherlandsUnited States
JapanFrance
EU 27GermanyUKSweden
2000
2001
2002 20
0320
04
Year 2000 Figure
Innovation and Exploitation
Innovation Nation: Patent ActivityIncrease In Patenting Activity*, 2000–2005
*Data refer to applications filed directly under the European Patent Convention or toapplications filed under the Patent Co-operation Treaty and designated to the EPO(Euro-PCT). Patent applications are counted according to the year in which they werefiled at the EPO and are broken down according to the International PatentClassification (IPC). They are also broken down according to the inventor’s place ofresidence, using fractional counting if multiple inventors or IPC classes are provided toavoid double counting. Source: Eurostat
% In
crea
se in
pat
entin
g ac
tivity
Year PAGE 8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
niaJap
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Roman
ia US
0.24
0.04
0.18
0.97
0.67
0.04
0.55
0.03
0.00
8
0.35
0.42
Innovation and Exploitation
Reaping the Rewards of InnovationReceipts from Royalties and Licence Fees* as a Percentage of GDP, 2006
*Refers to all payments and receipts between residents and non-residents for theauthorised use of intangible, non-produced, non-financial assets and proprietary rights(patents, copyrights, trademarks, franchises, industrial processes) and for the use,through licensing agreements, of produced originals of prototypes (films, manuscripts).
Rece
ipts
from
roy
altie
s an
d lic
ence
fees
as
a %
of G
DP
PAGE 9
Innovation and Exploitation
Protecting Knowledge CreatorsSoftware Piracy Rates*, 2004
*Data refers to the number of pirated software units divided by the total number of units put into use Source: Business Software Alliance, 2006 Global Software Piracy Study
Softw
are
Pira
cy R
ate
(%)
PAGE 10
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
niaEU
27
Roman
iaJap
an US0
5
10
15
20
25
30
17.8
4
4.72
13.6
2
12.7
7
18.2
7
6.42
26.4
8
4.48
3.85
16.6
7
20.0
4
26.1
3
Innovation and Exploitation
Exporting IdeasExports of High Technology Products* as a % Share of Total Exports, 2006
*High technology products are defined as the sum of the following products:Aerospace, computers, office machinery, electronics, instruments, pharmaceuticals,electrical machinery and armaments. The total exports for the EU do not includeintra-EU trade.Source: Eurostat
Hig
h-te
ch e
xpor
ts a
s %
sha
re o
f tot
al e
xpor
ts
PAGE 11
Business Environment
France 8
Netherlands 11
Romania 11
Italy 13
Sweden 16
UK 18
Germany 24
Spain 47
Slovenia 60
US 5
Japan 31
Business Environment
Who wants to be an Entrepreneur? How long will it take?Time required to set up a business
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006
Number of days required to set up a business PAGE 13
Sweden 3
Romania 5
UK 6
France 7
The Netherlands 7
Germany 9
Italy 9
Slovenia 9
Spain 10
US 5
Japan 11
Business Environment
Who wants to be an Entrepreneur? How much red tape will I encounter?Number of procedures required for starting a business
*Data refers to the number of procedures required to start a business, includinginteractions required to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete allinscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesseswith specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006
Number of procedures required for starting a business PAGE 14
40
60
80
100
70.9
86.1
77.1
88.2
95
88.3
73.7
92.1
74.2
94.3 94.5
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
niaJap
an
Roman
ia US
Business Environment
Business-Friendly DestinationsBusiness Freedom Rating*
*Business freedom is a measure of how free entrepreneurs are to start businesses,how easy it is to obtain licenses, and how easy it is to close a business.Source: Kane, T., Holmes, K.R. And O’Grady, M.O., Index of Economic Freedom, Heritage Foundation 2007
Busin
ess
Free
dom
Rat
ing
PAGE 15
0 2 4 6 8 101 3 5 7 9
7.3
6.7
7.8
9.3
9
5.2
8.4
6.6
3.7
7.5
7.2
Franc
e
Spain
German
ySw
eden
The N
ether
lands
Italy
UKSlo
venia
Japan
Roman
ia
US
Business Environment
Clean or Corrupt?Corruption Perception Rating*
*Corruption perception relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and country analysts, and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt).Source: Corruption Perception Index, Transparency International, 2006
Cor
rupt
ion
Perc
eptio
n Ra
ting
Highly CleanHighly Corrupt PAGE 16
Small is Beautiful
0
20
40
60
80
100
43.3
73**
38.3**
99.6**
45**
77.8***
73.8
45.6***
18.1
44.7
20
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
niaJap
an
Roman
ia US
Small is Beautiful
It’s a Small WorldNumber of Small and Medium Enterprises* (SMEs) per 1000 Population, 2004
*SMEs are businesses that may be defined by the number of employees. There is nostandard international definition. In this instance the definition varies. i.e. 1–499employees in the US, 1–199 employees in Sweden, 0–249 employees in all otherEU countries and 1–299 employees in Japan
**Data from 2005***Data from 2003
Source: Kozek, M., Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: A Collection of PublishedData, International Finance Corporation, Jan. 26 2007
SMEs
per
100
0 po
pula
tion
PAGE 18
0
20
40
60
80
100
Franc
e
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
nia USJap
an
62.7
70.4
39.3
58.5
73
39.5
64.1
88
50.1
Small is Beautiful
Size MattersEmployment by SMEs*, 2000-2004
*Data from the most recent year available. In this instance SME refers to all businesses with 0-249 employeesSource: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006
Empl
oym
ent
by S
MEs
as
a %
of t
otal
em
ploy
men
t*
PAGE 19
53.7
68.1
56.5
60.4
70.3
50.7
44.5
Roman
ia
Franc
eSp
ain
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK 0
20
40
30
10
80
70
60
50
Small is Beautiful
Acorns vs Oaks Value Added* to the Economy by SMEs**, 2004
*Value added represents the difference between the value of what is producedand intermediate consumption entering the production, less subsidies onproduction and costs, taxes and levies
**In this instance SME refers to all businesses with 0–249 employeesSource: Eurostat
Valu
e A
dded
by
SMEs
PAGE 20
Our Information Society
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Franc
e
Spain
German
y
Swed
enTh
e Neth
erlan
ds
Italy
UKSlo
venia
Japan
Roman
ia
US
414
336
500
756
682
501
628
476
208
587
630
50 people
KEY
Our Information Society
The World at Your FingertipsInternet users* per 1000 population, 2004
*Internet users are defined as people with access to the worldwide networkSource: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006
Internet users per 1000 population PAGE 22
0
50
100
150
200
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
niaJap
an
Roman
ia US
108.
1
80.9
83.7
152.
6
189.
4
81.7
102.
5
59.1
0.7
145.
8
129
Our Information Society
Life in the Fast LaneBroadband subscribers* per 1000 population, 2004
*Broadband subscribers refers to the total number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technologies.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006
Broa
dban
d su
bscr
iber
s pe
r 10
00 p
opul
atio
n
PAGE 23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
04 07 04 07 04 07 04 07 04 07 04 07 04 07 04 07
26**
*
25
33
39
46**
14**
22
13
3***
41
26
43
53 55
17
38
30
5
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
nia
Roman
ia
Our Information Society
Democracy: A Mouse Click Away?Use of E-Government*, 2004–2007
*Data refers to the percentage of individuals aged 16 to 74 who have used theInternet, in the last 3 months, for interaction with public authorities (i.e. having usedthe Internet for one or more of the following activities: obtaining information frompublic authorities web sites, downloading official forms, sending filled in forms).
**Data from 2005***Data from 2006
Source: Eurostat
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
usin
g e-
gove
rnm
ent
PAGE 24
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Franc
eSp
ain
German
y
Swed
en
The N
ether
lands Ita
ly UK
Slove
nia
Roman
ia
27 28
28
27
32
19
26
28
5
Our Information Society
Net ProductivityPercentage of individuals displaying internet skills*
*Internet skills refer to the ability to carry out one or more of the following computerrelated activities: using a mouse to launch programs such as an Internet browser orword processor; copying or moving a file or folder ; using copy or cut and paste toolsto duplicate or move information on screen; using basic arithmetic formulae to add,subtract, multiply or divide figures in a spreadsheet; compress files; write a computerprogram using a specialised programming language.Source: Eurostat
% o
f ind
ivid
uals
disp
layi
ng in
tern
et s
kills
PAGE 25
The Climate for Innovation
The Climate for Innovation*
*Calculation based on an overall ranking using a sample of the tables.
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SWED
EN
NET
HER
LAN
DS
G
ERM
AN
Y
UK
FRANCE ITALY SLO
VENIA
SPAIN
ROMANIA
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