1

2006 3Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social StudiesNo. 61, March 2006.

The Making of Immigrants Movement:Politics of Differences, Subjectivation

and Societal Movement

byHsiao-Chuan Hsia

Keywords: immigrant, social movement, empowerment, subjectivation,intellectuals

2005 12 14 2006 2 11 .Received: December 14, 2005; in revised form: Februay 11, 2006

116 17 1

email: hsiahc@ms11.hinet.net

insiderAlain Touraine societal movement

Abstract

As a result of their socio-economic and cultural disadvantages, the agencyof the stigmatized “foreign brides” has long been neglected, not to mention thefact that they have been active in the formation of immigrant movement inTaiwan. Crossing theoretical boundaries, this paper aims at critically incorporat-ing research from social movements, feminism, and gender and development, toanalyze the formation of immigrant movement in Taiwan from an “insider” per-spective. Employing Alain Touraine’s concept of “societal movement”, the authoris particularly concerned about “subjectivation” issues, criticizing most socialmovement studies for neglecting the importance of subjectivation process. Thispaper argues that movement is not merely formed by Machiavellian strategies.Rather, the core issues should be subjectivation of participants in the movement,involving delicate interaction between emotion and reason. Moreover, theauthor discusses the positions of intellectuals in the movements, arguing thatintellectuals should see themselves as “conscientious wolfman” rather than theleaders in the movements. With more access to resources, intellectuals involvedin movements should devote themselves to the empowerment of the masses,avoiding the possibilities of making a vital wound to the movements upon theirfuture betrayal.

2

1

2

1.

2.

3

3

6

3.

4

McAdam,

McCarthy Zald 1996

political opportunities,

mobilization structures and framing processes

Charles

Tilly 1978 Doug McAdam 1982 Sidney Tarrow 1983

political process

political opportunity structures

5

meso-level

McCarthy

Zald 1973, 1977

grievance-theory

organizational

dynamics

David Snow

Snow et al., 1986; Snow and Benford, 1988

framing sentiments ideas

2004:162

Snow

Melucci,

1988; Touraine, 1981

McAdam, et al, 1996; Tarrow, 1998

6

David Snow

Snow

micromobilizaiton

McAdam 1996 strategic

framing

2004

2004 176-177

Jasper, 2002

7

Isaac and Christiansen, 2002 2003

structural bias

biographical background

2003:187

recruitment

2003

8

ibid 39

Alain

Tourain Tourain

societal movement

social movement Tourain 2002:198

204

personal subject

historical subject

2002:18

historicity

instruments cultural orientation

investment

9

Touraine, 2002

Touraine

Touraine, 1996:329

2002 subjectivation

Beckford, 1998:99 2002:40

Touraine

Touraine

Touraine, 2002:165-166 Touraine

persons ibid, p. 111-112

Touraine, 2000:306

2002 self

individual subject

10

citizenship identity

politics of identity

politics of recognition Touraine,

1995, 1996 2002

Touraine

meta-social

identity

positioning act

upon oneself, upon society non-social

2002:22-23

Touraine

Touraine

11

malestream

hooks, 1984; Collins, 1990

Mohanty et al, 1991

multi-positionality

Bryan et al., 1985

Ain’t I a woman?

Sojourner Truth

suffrage

Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth Sojourner

12

Ain’t I a

woman

Sojourner

Yuval-Davis 1997

advocates

identity politics

Yuval-Davis,

1997

holis-

13

tic Mies, 1986 Yuval-Davis 1997

transversal politics

Yuval-Davis

Women Against Fundamentalism Yuval-Davis

Yuval-Davis

rooting shifting

transversalism

epistemological communities

Yuval-Davis

14

Yuval-

Davis

4

2000

2003

4.

15

5

5.

16

Women in

Development, WID

trickle down WID

1995

1998

WID

Women and

Development, WAD

WID

WAD

WID

Gender and Development, GAD

17

WID WAD

GAD

GAD

GAD

1998

WID

1998 1998

GAD

GAD

1998

GAD empowerment

1998

WID

GAD

18

1998

1998 Maxine Molyneux 1985

strategic gender interest practical

gender interest strategic gender

needs practical gender needs

GABRIELA

1998

GABRIELA

WID WAD GAD

GAD

19

Touraine 2000:300

2000

2005

contentious

collective action

20

Tarrow, 1998:3-5

6

75

6. 2003 12 24

21

7

8

7.

8.

22

9

9.Asia Pacific Mission for Migrants 2005 5 13-15

NGO

23

strategic framing

12 10

24

25

10

Keith Faulks 2003

10.

26

27

Betweenness

2002: 248

migrant workers

28

2003

Paulo Freire 1970

11

11. 2002, 2005 2001

29

2005

12

2005

12.

30

13

13.

31

2005

32

2005

33

2000, 2002

34

2003

2003

2003 1.

2.

3. 4. 5.

2003

2004

35

Touraine

2000

class-in-itself class-for-itself

Tarrow, 1998

36

2002, 2003

Hsia, 2004 1998

Paulo Freire 1970

culture of silence

2003

2003 2003 2003

Freire 1970 dialogue

banking

problem-posing critical awareness

Freire

ideology of acco-

modation culture of silence

Freire 1985: 9

37

Pedagogy of the Oppressed

Augusto Boal 1979 Theater of the Oppressed

spectator

rehearsal for the revolution

2002

2003

2003

sense

of community Touraine

communal subject

38

14

14.

39

40

41

community mothering

42

2002

113

43

113

44

Touraine

45

disruptive

tactics McAdam, 1983 Gamson 1990

force and violence

construc-

tive tactics

46

2005

1937

47

Augusto Boal

Boal

actors

spectors Spec-Actors Boal,

1992:XXX

1 2

3

4 5 6

2002

Freire Boal

Hope Timmel 1984

Training for Transformation

Augusto Boal

48

Luria 1976

Luria

the sociohistorical shaping of mental activity

1992

2004

49

50

51

52

53

patronizing

54

15

15.

55

56

Tarrow, 1998 Touraine 2002

2002

Yuval-Davis, 1997 poli-

57

tics of identity politics of recognition

traditional intellectuals organic intel-

lectuals

58

1997:43

philosopher-kings

1997:45

1997

exile and marginal

91

100

self-appointed

59

Paulo Freire 1970

Freire

re-socialization

Freire rebirth

for and with

1970:43

60

accountable

accountable

61

Cordillera

pains-taking

pains-taking

62

Anne Hope Sally

Timmel 1984

63

64

16

2002 societal

movements Alain Touraine

7-46

1995

203-243

1937

2003

1-49

2004

157-199

16. 2001 2005 20052005

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4:33-60

2003

2003 2003/4/

25-26

2001

2000

93-151

2005

2005/12/9-10

2003

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M. Eva M. Rathgeber 1998

WID, WAD, GAD: Trends in Research and Practice

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