the middle ages europe’s geography diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas...
TRANSCRIPT
The Middle Ages
Europe’s Geography•Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas
•Navigable rivers
•Warmer climate from the - North Atlantic Drift
All this in a relatively small area
The Germanic Kingdoms• No Cities (small villages)• No written laws (customs)
• 400 - 700 A.D. Larger Kingdoms start to take shape
• The Strongest of these Kingdoms was the Franks
• In 481, Clovis, King of the Franks took over Gaul (France)
The Germanic Kingdoms
In 496, Clovis (a pagan) prayed to the Christian God for a victory…..he won…….On Christmas Day, he and 3,000 of his warriors were baptized
Now Clovis had a new ally - The Roman Catholic Church
The Germanic Kingdoms
Charles Defeated the Muslims (Moors) at the Battle of Tours (732) keeping them out of Europe (other than Spain)
Charles Martel (686-741)
Charlemagne747 - 814
King of the Franksdefeated
•Lombards in N. Italy
•Saxons in Germany
•Muslims in S. France & N. Spain
•Avars & Slavs in the East
Charlemagne
……then in 800, Pope Leo III called on Charlemagne to help put down a rebellion of Roman Nobles
Charlemagne came to the rescue.
Charlemagne
On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned him, the….
• united Christian Europe• tied Pope to western leaders• began a rife with Eastern Europe
Charlemagne
Controlled his huge Empire through nobles and land grants he sent out….
Royal messengers who kept tabs on 200 nobles
Charlemagne
Built his capital…..
……Aachen, this was to be the 2nd Rome, and it was here that he established new schools with Latin as the model going forward
Charlemagne“Charles the Great”
•Central Government
•Spread Christianity
•Model for future kingdoms
•Education
•Preserved records
•Blended cultures
Charlemagne
Charlemagne dies in 814….. His son “Louis the Pious” rules from 814-840, when he died war between his 3 sons breaks out for 2 years
Treaty of Verdun843
Divides Charlemagne’s empire into three kingdoms This weaken Europe, and the three kingdoms later breakup even further
476RomeFalls
481to
511Clovis
714to
744Charles Martel“the Hammer”
747to
814Charlemagne
843Treaty
ofVerdun
1000Leif
Erikson&
Vinland
After the Treaty of VerdunOutsiders (Vikings, Moors, etc.) see an opportunity with a weakened Europe
Landowners start to become more self-sufficient
KING
PowerfulLord
PowerfulLord
PowerfulLord
LesserLord
You
LesserLord
LesserLord
LesserLord
LesserLord
LesserLord
SerfSerfSerfSerf Serf Serf Serf Serf
FiefsProtection
FiefsProtection
rightto farmLand
Laborfees
Militarymoney
Militarymoney
Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Feudalism - A political system that provided protection for it’s members.• Hierarchy – a group of people organized by rank.•Fief – A large feudal estate or farm.
Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Vassal - A person under the protection of the feudal lord.
• Knight – An armed soldier who served a lord.
• Oath of Fealty - an expression of loyalty to one’s lord.
Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Manor – a castle, fief, or estate of a lord.
• Serf – A peasant bound to work the land of a lord.
• Heraldry – designing family coats of arms, recording genealogy.
• Liege – Superior Lord vassal (# 1 Lord vassal is committed to).
• Page – Sent off to learn basic skills and…….
• Squire – Begin the real training
• Knight – Held to the highest standard …honorable
• Only 3% of Norway is farmable
• Longships were extremely versatile
• Worked themselves up into a frenzy before battle
Threatened Europe from 900 to 1100