1. THE MINI DEFINITIVE CHEMISTRY GUIDE Disclaimer: May not be that definitive, calculator may be needed for some of the questions.Definition Ion Question Equationss formulaes

2. GLOSSARYAvagadros Constant Waters of Proton NumberCrystallisationMolar MassRelative isotopic massCombustionAmount of Substance Relative atomic massAcidMoleMass spectrum of elementAlkaliEmpirical Formula Valency (not required forBaseexam)Molecular Formula1st Ionisation Energy IsotopeAnhydrous2nd Ionisation EnergyHydratedOrbital 3. AVAGADROS CONSTANT The number of particles in a mole. (6.02x1023)MOLAR MASS The mass per mole of a substance (gmol-1)AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE The quantity whos unit is the mole (mol) Back to glossary 4. MOLE The amount of any substance containing the same amount ofparticles as there are carbon atoms in 12 grams of carbon 12isotope.EMPIRICAL FORMULA The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in acompound.MOLECULAR FORMULA The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.Back toglossary 5. ANHYDROUS A substance that contains no water moleculesHYDRATED A crystalline compound that contains water moleculesWATERS OF CRYSTALLISATION Water molecules that form part of the crystalline structure of thecompound Back to glossary 6. COMBUSTION When a substance reacts with O2 to form its oxides.ACID A proton donor (H+)ALKALI A substance that dissolves in water to release OH- ionsBack toglossary 7. BASE A proton receiver (H+)1ST IONISATION ENERGY The amount of energy required to remove 1 mole of electronsfrom 1 mole of gaseous atoms2ND IONISATION ENERGY The amount of energy required to remove 1 mole of electronsfrom 1 mole of gaseous +1 ionsBack toglossary 8. ORBITAL A region of space that holds up to 2 electrons with opposite spinsPROTON NUMBER The number of protons in the nucleusRELATIVE ISOTOPIC MASS The mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12 of carbon-12Back toglossary 9. MASS SPECTRUM OF AN ELEMENT Shows the relative isotopic mass of each isotope of an element and their abundanceRELATIVE ATOMIC MASS The weighted mean mass of an element relative to 1/12 of carbon12VALENCY (NOT REQUIRED FOREXAM) The number of atoms an atom has the affinity to bond with. In other words the amount of holes in an atom in a modelling kit. to Backglossary 10. ISOTOPE Contains the same number of protons (and electrons) but differentnumber of neutrons.Back toglossary 11. EQUATIONS Mass = Moles * Molar mass (Mr) (mass g, moles mol, Mr gmol-1) Gdm-3 = Mol dm-3 * Mr (Gdm-3 and mol dm-3 = ditto, Mr gmol-1) Moles = Concentration * Volume (Moles, mol Concentration gmol-1 or mol dm-3 , Volume = dm3 Volume = Moles * 24 (volume dm3, moles mol, 24 = dm3 mol-1) Acid + Alkali Salt + Water Metal oxide + Acid Salt + Water Metal + Acid Salt + H2 Ammonia (NH3)+ Acid Salt Carbonate + Acid Salt + Water + CO2 12. COMMON ION FORMULAE-2-3 +/-1 Ammonium = NH4+ Sulphate = SO42- Phosphate PO43- Hydroxide = OH- Sulphide = S2- Nitride N3- Nitrate = NO3- Oxide = O2- Hydrogen carbonate HCO3- Carbonate = CO32- 13. 1) What is the definition for 1st ionisation energy?Reveal answer The amount of energy required to remove 1 mole of electronsfrom 1 mole of gaseous atoms2) When given moles and concentration, how do you calculatevolume?Reveal answer Moles = Conc * Vol, so Vol = Mol / Conc3) What is the valency of carbon?Reveal answer 4. It is a sneaky question, but think back to biology lessons with the modelling kits ;) Next set of questionsRememberscore outof 3 forlater 14. 4) When given 24 and moles, what can you calculate? (andhow?)Reveal answer Moles * 24 = Volume. (Only for gasses at RTP)5) What is the definition of waters of crystallisationReveal answer Water molecules that form part of the crystalline structure of the compound6) As well as the obvious difference of contains water molecules andcontains no water molecules, what is the difference betweenanhydrous and hydrated? (recite definitions mentally)Reveal answer Ouch, tough one. Remember an meaning exempt? So ananhydrous substance is exempt from being a crystallinemolecule.Next set of questions Add previousscore to thisscore (total /6) 15. 7) What are the ionic formulae (with charges) for Nitrate +Nitride? Reveal answer Nitrate = NO3- Nitride N3-8) What is the definition of Alkali? Reveal answer A substance that dissolves in water to release OH- ions9) Calculate the volume of 15 g dm-3 calcium chloriderequired to give 0.150 moles. (hint, you need 2 triangles) Reveal answer 1.10 dm3. Follow THIS LINK for the workings. Next set of questionsAdd previousscore to thisscore (total /9) 16. WORKED QUESTION 9 First write out the chemical formula. CaCl2. (Remember ioniccharge) You have been given the g dm-3. You need 2 numbers to use anyof the 4 triangles. So what else can you work out from thequestion? The Mr of the compound! (which is 40.1 + 35.5*2) G dm-3 divided by Mr gives mol dm-3. (0.135) So how can you calculate volume from mol dm-3? Well split upmol and dm3. You have 1 dm3, and 0.135 0.135 The question3 moles.Usesameasks 1 dm many dm3 make 0.15 moles. So moles of it this wayto 0.150howthinkFrom 0.135= *by 1.1 recurring.number(click anywhere to cont)(0.150 / 0.135. New(multiply 0.150 over old.)1 by 1.1Answermolesrecurring) Back to Q9 17. 10) What is the definition for orbital?Reveal answer A region of space that holds up to 2 electrons with opposite spins11) What is the definition for Isotope?Reveal answer Contains the same number of protons (and electrons) but different number of neutrons.12) What mass of MgO is formed by the completecombustion of 24 g of MagnesiumReveal answer First balance the equation to get 2Mg + O2 2 MgO You have 24 g of magnesium. You need the moles. 24 / 24.3 = 0.987 mol 0.987 * (24.3 + 16) = 39.8 g Next set of questionsAdd previousscore to thisscore (total /12) 18. 13) Metal + Acid What?Reveal answer Salt + Hydrogen gas14) Metal oxide + Acid what?Reveal answer Salt + Water. Logical as the only difference is the insertion of awater molecule into the metal.15) What is the definition of Empirical Formula?Reveal answer The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in acompound.Next set of questions Add previousscore to thisscore (total /15) 19. 16) What is the definition of molar mass?Reveal answer The quantity (of a substance) whos unit is the mole17) When 14.2 g of hydrated nickel (11) nitrate is dried, 8.9 gremains. Find x in Ni(NO3)2 . X H2OReveal answer X = 6. Find the mass of water, and of nickel nitrate. Then usemass = moles * Mr to find the moles. Divide both by smallest18) What are x. ionic formulae for a) carbonate b)moles to get thehydrogen carbonate?Reveal answer Carbonate = CO3 2- Hydrogen Carbonate = HCO3- Next set of questionsAdd previousscore to thisscore (total /18) 20. 19) What is the definition of mole? Reveal answer The amount of any substance containing the same amount ofparticles as there are carbon atoms in 12 grams of carbon 12isotope.20) What is the definition of relative isotopic mass? Reveal answer The mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12 of carbon-1221) X + Acid Salt + Water + CO2 Reveal answer Carbonate. Next Continueset of questions Add previous score to this score (total / 21) 21. THE MOMENT OF TRUTH, YOURSCORE 90% + Fantastic! A* 80% + Great! A 70% + B 60% + Never! C