the mongols lots and lots of mongolian problems. the early mongolians began as nomadic horsemen on...
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Expansion of the Mongol EmpireTRANSCRIPT
The MongolsLots and lots of Mongolian Problems
The Early Mongolians
• Began as nomadic horsemen on Mongolian Steppe– Primarily herders of
sheep and yaks– Very good with shooting
bows from horseback• Mongols split between
different nobles and warlords
Genghis (Chinggis) Khan (1162? – 1227)
• Born Temujin• Father killed when he was 9• Started bringing tribes
together to re-capture his wife Borte– Had to deal with other
nobles and uncles• 1206 crowned as Khan of
the Mongol nation
The Conquests of Genghis Khan
• 1209 – Genghis attacks Xi Xia in Northwest China (Easy Victory over Buddhist society)
• 1214 – Genghis attacks Jin in Northeast China (Easy Victory, ends with sacking of Zhongdu)
• 1218 – Khwarizm (Persians) kill Mongol envoy
The Conquests of Genghis Khan
• 1218-1221 – Genghis chases Persian king across Central, and western Asia (Conquering and killing)– Central Asia, Northern India, Southern Russia to
empire• 1226 – Xi Xia rebel, hold up in city of Ningxia
(flooded out and erased from earth)– Genghis dies in 1227 (possibly by Tangut princess)
The Empire of Genghis Khan (1227)
Genghis Khan’s Legacy• Religious Tolerance – Allowed conquered people
to retain their own religion• Writing – 1204 commissioned development of
written language• Trade and Crafts – Supported trade and artisans• Legal Code – “Jasagh” a moral code that
dictated acceptable pastoral life • Split empire between sons when he died
Ögedei Khan (1229 – 1241)• Third son of Genghis Khan from first wife• 1230-1231 – Conquered Persia• 1230-1234 – Conquered Jin Empire (Kaifeng)– With help of Song, who then betrayed Mongols (killed
envoy)• 1232-1240 – Conquered Caucuses – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
• 1224-1241 – Conquest of Korea– (started when Mongol envoy killed)
Ögedei Khan (1229 – 1241)• Europe – Mongols
conquered Russia, pushing on to Austria when Ögedei died
• 1235-1245 – Attacked Song– Song killed envoy
• 1241 – Conquered Northwest India
Golden Horde 1225- 1502• Mongols under the
Command of Batu grew to control most of modern day Russia
• Forced Rus to act as tributary states
Kublai Khan (1260-1294)
• 1279 – Finally conquered remainder of Song Empire– Established capital in Khanbaliq
where he ruled Korea, China, and Tibet
• 1279 and 1281 tried to invade Japan
• 1287 - Vietnam• 1277, 1283, 1287 – Conquest of
Burma
Mongol Empire Extent