the national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system (npoess) program overview...

The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental

Satellite System (NPOESS)

Program Overview NOAA/NESDIS Cooperative Research Program (CoRP)

August 15, 2006

Carl HoffmanNPOESS Integrated Program Office

Fort Collins, Colorado

2 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman

M

Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite

ActivitiesMissionMission

• Provide a national, operational, polar-Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capabilityorbiting remote-sensing capability

• Achieve National Performance Review Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programsNOAA satellite programs

• Incorporate new technologies from Incorporate new technologies from NASANASA

• Encourage International CooperationEncourage International Cooperation

METOP

NPOESS

Local Equatorial Crossing Time

0530

13300930

NPOESS


NPOESS

EXCOM

ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE

PEO (*)

POES

SPD

NPOESS

SPD

ATP

DIR

OPS

DIR

NPP

PROJ DIR

DMSP

SPD

PEO Staff• DPEO (*)• Senior Policy/Plans• Chief Scientist• Chief Engineer• Senior NASA• Senior NOAA• Senior DoD• Budget Officer• SUAG Rep

GS-15(NOAA)

O-6 (AF)

GS-15(NASA)

GS-15(NOAA)

GS-15(NASA)

O-6(AF)

* PEO, DPEO are rotational • Initial: PEO – DOD (Flag/SES) ; DPEO – DoC (Flag/SES)

1 2 2

3

44 4


Nunn-McCurdy Certification

Why? Program acquisition cost estimates grew more than 25% above the program of record

By law, required certification to Congress in order to continue the programFour questions to answer:

• Are the requirements valid?• Do alternatives exist for less money and equivalent capability?• Is there a valid cost estimate?• Is there an adequate management structure in place?

Five-month, tri-agency process


Nunn-McCurdy Results

June 5, 2006: Program certified to Congress Revised program content: Two EMD satellites and two production satellites, in two orbitsDe-manifested secondary sensors, kept sensors that satisfied key performance

parametersContinued full-sized bus, preserving ability to add non-manifested sensors if funding

becomes availableProvides measured, achievable development timeline


Nunn-McCurdy Results

Requirements revalidated by Joint Requirements Oversight Council, with DOC and NASA representatives

Reduced requirements set for µ-wave imager • Given requirements change, directed that current CMIS procurement stop• Government team will investigate way forward on µ-wave imager• First µ-wave imager targeted for second NPOESS satellite


Certified NPOESS Program

DescriptionSensor Configuration• NPOESS bus sized to carry full sensor configuration• Constellation of 2 EMD and 2 Production satellites• Terminate CMIS; Compete new Microwave Imager/Sounder starting

with C2• NOAA/NASA forecasting models and selected climate continuity

preserved• Restructuring of NGST contract required; Renegotiation of NGST fee • All secondary sensor integration planned and budgeted for• DoD will lose day/night imagery in mid-AM for up to 8 years Gap

duration contingent upon satellite performance• Contractor and government management continuity preserved

F17

F19

F18

F20

F16

F13

M

N N’

NPP

Metop AMetop B

Metop C

C1

C2

C3

AM

mid-AM

PM

05 06 07 08 09 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2510

AQUA

Metop D

C4

Overview CALENDAR YEAR

Core Sensors• AM: VIIRS, Microwave Image/Sounder,

SARSAT• PM: VIIRS, Microwave Imager/Sounder

(C3), SARSAT, CrIS, ATMS,

ADCS, CERES (C1),OMPS-Nadir,

SEM, ACDS

Non-manifested Sensors

APS, ALT, TSIS, OMPS-Limb, ERBS, Full SESS, SUSS

End of Constellation Service Life:2026+


NPOESS Top Level Architecture

Data LatencySMDHRD/LRD

Data Availability

Operational Availability

Threshold Objective

128 attributes above, 724 at, 7 below threshold128 attributes above, 724 at, 7 below threshold305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold

Data QualitySMD/HRDLRD

SpaceSegment

Command& ControlSegment

Command& ControlSegment

NPP(1330) NPOESS1330

NPOESS1730

METOP2130

Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland

Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland

Alternate MMCat Schriever AFBAlternate MMCat Schriever AFB Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing Segment

15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites

Field Terminal SegmentField Terminal Segment

FNMOC NAVOCEANO AFWA NESDIS/NCEP

GPS

Low Rate Data/High Rae Data(LRD/HRD)

NPP Science Data Segment

CLASS ADS

NPP Data & Control Flow NPOESS Data & Control Flow CLASS ADSNOAA Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System NPP Archive & Distribution Seg

SvalbardSvalbard


Greatly Improved Timeliness

Latency (minutes)

Average Data Latency

Today’s 180 minutes to less than 28 minutes with NPOESS


NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline

End-to-End EDR LatencyEnd-to-End EDR Latency

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Time from Observation to Delivery (minutes)

Per

cen

t o

f E

DR

Pro

du

cts

Del

iver

ed

Earliest Data Delivered < 2 minEarliest Data Delivered < 2 min

Average < 10.5 minAverage < 10.5 min

95% of data delivered within 28 min95% of data delivered within 28 min

> 77% of data delivered within 15 min> 77% of data delivered within 15 min


NPOESS Satellite and Sensors

Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Bus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy IntegrationBus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy Integration

Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Bus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy IntegrationBus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy Integration

1330 1730

VIIRS X X

MIS C2- 4 X

CrIS X

ATMS X

SEM X

OMPS X

ADCS X X

SARSAT X X

CERES C1

ERBS C2-4

X

X

X

X

NPP


Development Sensor Highlights

Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing

• 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 m• Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km

Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) ITT Fort Wayne

• 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 m) channels• 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 m) channels• 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 m) channels• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center• 2200 km swath width

Microwave Imager/Sounder (MIS) (NOTIONAL-UNDER REVIEW)

• 2.2 m antenna• RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz• Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz• Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz• 1700 km swath width


Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)

Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems• CrIS companion cross track scan• Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz• Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz• 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled)• 2300 km swath width

Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

(NADIR ONLY)

Ball Aerospace • Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Swath width of 2800 km for total column


Highlights of Other Sensors

Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)

• “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada

• ADCS supports global environmental applications• SARSAT collects distress beacon signals


C3S Segment Design

SafetyNet C3S provides low-cost, reliable, and timely data delivery with the flexibility needed for low-cost system growth and technology insertion

Svalbard

SpaceSegment

NPP

SMD IDPS

CMD

Mission Management Center (MMC)

Element

Orbit operations

Satellite operations

Stored telemetryanalysis

Mission management

Groundoperations

Data monitorand recovery

Flight vehicle simulator

TLM/CMD

Enterprise management

S-TLMComputers, storage, and

networks

DRRinterface

and routing

15Receptors

C3S

SMD

CMD/TLM

TLM

DRR SMD data handling and front-end processing

at Central

TDRS

DRR T&C front-end

processing at MMC

AMMC

SMD T&C

Backup

Legend: GS Element DRR Element

NPOESS

WSC

HRD/LRDMonitor


IDPS Functional Diagram

Other IDPs

Work FlowScheduling Production and infrastructure management

Communication services and utilities

SMD

AncillaryData

All InternalData Types

DataRequests

ProcessingDirectives

ExternalFormatted

Data

IDP Operator

ProcessingSubsystem

Data Delivery Subsystem

CentralsADSSDS

CLASS

All InternalData Types

Data formatted toCentrals External Format

DRR

CoordinationSchedule

ProcessingHistory

Infrastructure Subsystem

AncilAuxil

EDR

RDR

Data ManagementSubsystem

Auxil

xDR Data

Cal/ValOperator

DQMSubsystem

IngestSubsystem

On-LineData Storage

Cache Data Mgmt Service

SDR SDR

NPOESSEnterprise Management

Status and ControlC3S

ProcessInitiation

ProcessingStatus & Control

RDR

Ancil

CCB/Ingest

C3SLUTs

Enterprise Management

AuxiliaryData

AncillaryData

Tool Kits

SDR/TDRGeneration

EDRGeneration

IngestSensor Data

IngestAuxiliary

DataIngestAncillary

DataDistributeAncillary Data

Ancil


Field TerminalsAn integral part of NPOESS

Space Vehicle 2

Stored Mission Data flow for Centrals, Science Users

C3SDHN &

FEP(@ IDPS)

IDP@

Centrals

C3S

Sensors Bus

Space Vehicle 1

IDPS

Centrals Users

Science Users

SMD

Field Terminals (LRD, HRD)

FieldTerminalSoftware

HRD, LRD Data flow for Tactical Users

Tactical Users

SARSAT, ADCS Terminals

CONUS Gateways

(4x)

Deliver DataProducts

SMD

LRD

HRD

GroundReceptor

GroundStation

Mission Management Center


Space Vehicle 2

Stored Mission Data flow for Centrals, Science Users

C3SDHN &

FEP(@ IDPS)

IDP@

Centrals

IDP@

Centrals

C3S

Sensors Bus

Space Vehicle 1

IDPS

Centrals Users

Science Users

SMD

Field Terminals (LRD, HRD)



HRD, LRD Data flow for Tactical Users

Tactical Users

SARSAT, ADCS Terminals

CONUS Gateways

(4x)


SMD

LRD

HRD

GroundReceptor

GroundStation

Mission Management Center



Real-Time Operational Demonstrations

NPP (FY10)CrIS/ATMS & VIIRSAqua (FY02)

AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODISMETOP (FY06)

IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRRNPOESS (FY13)

CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, MIS, OMPS

Coriolis (FY03)MIS

NWS/NCEPECMWFUKMO

FNMOC

NWS/NCEPECMWFUKMO

FNMOC

NWPForecasts

NWPForecasts

NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery TimelineGround Station Scenario

NOAAReal-time

User

NOAAReal-time

UserC3SC3S IDPSIDPS

Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation

Use of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedUse of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather PredictionWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction


WindSat Observes Hurricane IsabelSeptember 14, 2003

NR

L a

nd

NO

AA

/NE

SD

IS/O

RA

Pro

of-

of-

per

form

an

ce

fo

r N

PO

ES

S’ C

MIS


Improved Sensor Technology Provides New Weather Insights

NPOESSVIIRS

[MODIS Simulation]9+ VIS/NIR bands

12 IR bands

True color

Contrail

Snow

Clouds

Smoke plume

Urbandetails

Littoraldetails

Snow

High Clouds

Low Clouds

SmokePlume

Tanker

Yemen Oil Tanker Attack: 10/06/02

Tough ProblemsSolved

Dust cloudOver sand

Gray shades

DMSP/POESOLS / AVHRR

1 vis band1 to 5 IR bands

Increased spectral availability allows discrimination of tough weather problems


Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy - Sum of the Parts is FAR greater than individual sensors -

Multispectral ImageryFrom VIRRS…

…combined with ATMS/MISMicrowave EDRs…

NPOESS

… Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone ForecastAccuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Users


Advanced Sensors Critical for Ocean Predictions

- Multiple sensors working together -

Sea Surface Height (SSH)

Modular Ocean DataAssimilation System (MODAS)

OperationalGlobalOcean

Modeling

Regional ScaleModeling & Assimilation

Tide Modeling

Bathymetry &Gravity

Active & PassiveAcoustic Propagation Predictions

Warfare Applications

NPOESS EDRs— SST—will be Critical,NPOESS EDRs— SST—will be Critical,Fundamental Components of Ocean Analysis and Fundamental Components of Ocean Analysis and

Prediction CapabilityPrediction Capability

VIIRS

Wave & SurfModeling /Assimilation

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)


Indus River ValleyPakistan

True Color Background Reference

What your naked eye sees

True Color Dust Event


DUST FRONT ?DUST FRONT ?

DUST FRONT ?DUST FRONT ?

Next day, we see clouds and possible dust fronts

DUST FRONTs ?DUST FRONTs ?

YESYES[three][three]


Dust front discrimination made easy with multi-spectral processing

500m Dust Enhancement

NO[veg edge]

Processed Imagery Courtesy of Meteorology Satellite Applications Section, NRL/Monterey

Advanced Imagery Improves Discrimination


NPOESS-GOES-R AT AMS 2007

American Meteorological Society3rd Annual Symposium

Future National Operational Environmental Satellites

The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R),

January 16-17, 2007San Antonio, Texas


NPOESS Program OfficeWeb Sites

NPOESS Website• http://npoess.noaa.gov

POLAR MAX 2006•24-26 OCT 2006•http://npoess.noaa.gov/polarmax


Back-up

VIIRS Characteristics


VIIRS at a Glance

VIIRS: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer SuiteVIIRS will continue the observational program of OLS, AVHRR, SeaWiFS & MODISVIIRS will provide operational and research users with:

• Spectral coverage from 412 nm to 12 microns in 22 bands– Imagery at 371 m nadir resolution in 5 bands– Moderate resolution (~742 m at nadir) radiometric quality data

• Complete global daily coverage with a single sensor• 8-hour refresh in the NPOESS constellation (ca 2011)

Routine data products of:• Cloud cover, cloud layers• Cloud and aerosol physical properties• Land & ocean biosphere properties• Fire detection, snow & ice• Sea Surface Temperature• Land & Ice Surface Temperatures


. Imagery EDR

. Aerosol Optical Thickness EDR

. Aerosol Particle Size Parameter EDR

. Suspended Matter EDR

. Sea Surface Temperature EDR

. Land Surface Temperature EDR

. Ice Surface Temperature EDR

. Active Fires EDR

. Surface Albedo EDR

. Soil Moisture EDR

. Vegetation Index EDR

. Surface Type EDR

. Cloud Base Height EDR

. Cloud Cover/Layers EDR

. Cloud Effective Particle Size EDR

. Cloud Optical Thickness EDR

. Cloud Top Temperature EDR

. Cloud Top Pressure EDR

. Cloud Top Height EDR

. Net Heat Flux EDR

. Ocean Color/Chlorophyll EDR

. Fresh Water Ice EDR

. Snow Cover/Depth EDR

. Sea Ice Age/Edge Motion EDR

. Precipitable Water EDR

VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem provides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs:

VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem provides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs:

•Cloud Types

VIIRS Produces 25 Environmental Data Records (EDRs)


VIIRS Design is Evolutionary from MODIS

Spatial resolution & mtf improved• 371m & 742 m at nadir, reduced pixel growth

Improved stray light control with Rotating telescopeAdded “day-night” band for cross-terminator imagingHigher orbit yields full global coverage in one dayComparable radiometric & spectral quality

• 12 bit data• Equivalent on-board calibrators• Characterization equivalent to Aqua MODIS• Bandpasses widened with no loss of specificity

Bandset reduced from 36 to 22• Does not impact land products• MODIS supported research products not yet proven for operational purposes

– Ocean Fluorescence, CO2 “slicing bands”, Ozone


1.2km

1.1k

m

1.6km

1.6k

m

0.75km

0.75

km

Fine-Resolution Imaging ‘I’ Bands

Moderate-Resolution (“Radiometric”) ‘M’ Bands

Reduced Pixel Growth

SNR predicted and specified at worst-case edge of scan: ~60% better nadir SNR

MODIS pixel growth rate will be the same as AVHRR

SNR predicted and specified at worst-case edge of scan: ~60% better nadir SNR

MODIS pixel growth rate will be the same as AVHRR

MODIS Vegetative Index10/30/2003

Terra 1950 UTC Aqua 2125 UTC

1 1

22

33

Near Nadir Toward Edge of Scan


Pre-Launch & On-Orbit Calibration

Intensive MODIS-like pre-launch characterization & calibrationSolar Diffuser (SD) calibration every terminator crossingSolar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) to track SD degradationOn-Board Black Body Calibrator (OBC) viewed every scan (1.7864 seconds)Post-launch validation will draw upon other agencies & the general scientific

community

the national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system (npoess) program overview...

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