The Nationalist Party: GuomindangThe Nationalist Party: Guomindang国民党 国民党

The return of Sun Yat-senThe return of Sun Yat-sen

Soviet advisors: Mikhail BorodinSoviet advisors: Mikhail Borodin

““democratic centralism” and party democratic centralism” and party organizationorganization

Sun’s Ideology revisited: the Three Sun’s Ideology revisited: the Three Principles of the PeoplePrinciples of the People

Factions: rightist, leftist, center/militaryFactions: rightist, leftist, center/military

Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)蒋介石蒋介石 (1888-1975)(1888-1975)

A military manA military man

Underworld connections in ShanghaiUnderworld connections in Shanghai

Heads the Whampoa military academy in Heads the Whampoa military academy in 19241924

A centrist: but distrustful of the left, of A centrist: but distrustful of the left, of Soviets, and of Chinese communistsSoviets, and of Chinese communists

Heads the National Revolutionary Army of Heads the National Revolutionary Army of the Nationalist Partythe Nationalist Party

Chiang Kai-shek in power Chiang Kai-shek in power

Skillful negotiator, can Skillful negotiator, can play warlord politics play warlord politics quite wellquite well

Close links with Close links with financial base in financial base in Shanghai= he has $$Shanghai= he has $$

““Blue Shirts”: Fascist Blue Shirts”: Fascist group with sworn group with sworn loyalty to Chiangloyalty to Chiang

The National Revolution: Mass The National Revolution: Mass MovementsMovements

Social component of the revolution, led by Social component of the revolution, led by Chinese Communist Party and leftist Chinese Communist Party and leftist Nationalist Party membersNationalist Party membersRural: Farmers Movement Training Rural: Farmers Movement Training Institute, Farm AssociationsInstitute, Farm AssociationsRent reduction campaigns, increasing Rent reduction campaigns, increasing violence against landlords and rural elitesviolence against landlords and rural elitesCities: massive labor strikesCities: massive labor strikesEmphasis on class struggleEmphasis on class struggle

Fallout and Effects of the National Fallout and Effects of the National RevolutionRevolution

Removes or Weakens warlords, reunifies China Removes or Weakens warlords, reunifies China under the Nationalist Party-stateunder the Nationalist Party-state End of the Alliance with Chinese Communists, End of the Alliance with Chinese Communists, abandonment of many social goals of revolutionabandonment of many social goals of revolutionBloody suppression, particularly in Shanghai, Bloody suppression, particularly in Shanghai, Nanjing, CantonNanjing, CantonDeath or banishment of many talented Death or banishment of many talented revolutionariesrevolutionariesStart of the “Nanjing Decade” of Nationalist rule Start of the “Nanjing Decade” of Nationalist rule from 1928-1937from 1928-1937

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Economics: beginnings of a modern Economics: beginnings of a modern industrial sector, mining, manufacturing, industrial sector, mining, manufacturing, electricity productionelectricity production

Infrastructure development: highways and Infrastructure development: highways and railroadsrailroads

Foreign relations: removal of tariffsForeign relations: removal of tariffs

Experiments in Local governmentExperiments in Local government

Failures and ShortcomingsFailures and Shortcomings

Authoritarian rule: no more mass Authoritarian rule: no more mass movementsmovements

Military domination of governmentMilitary domination of government

No program for rural ChinaNo program for rural China

Ineffective administrationIneffective administration

Poor tax systemPoor tax system

Social costs: (more to come next week)Social costs: (more to come next week)