the nature of science chap. 1 earth science 1.1 methods of science 1.2 communicating in science 1.3
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The Nature of ScienceThe Nature of ScienceChap. 1Chap. 1Chap. 1Chap. 1
Earth Science 1.1
Methods of Science 1.2
Communicating in Science 1.3
Earth Science – 1.1
ObjectivesObjectives• differentiate among four major branches of E.S.• Contrast four systems of Earth• Discuss how Earth science affects your daily life.
What is science?
What is science?Acquiring knowledge about the
natural world through observation and experimentation
BiologyStudy of living organisms
Zoology
ZoologyStudy of animals
Hydrology
HydrologyStudy of water
Vulcanology
VulcanologyStudy of volcanoes
Geology
Geology Study of Earth and its composition
Archeology
ArcheologyStudy of old things
Ichthiology
IchthiologyStudy of fish
Hippology
HippologyStudy of horses
Conchology
ConchologyStudy of shells
Speleology
SpeleologyStudy of caves
I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES
I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES
Study of objects beyond our Earth’s atmosphereStudy of objects beyond our Earth’s atmosphere
A.A. AstronomyAstronomy
Cartwheel galaxyCartwheel galaxy
www.nasa.govwww.nasa.gov
I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES
The study of air the The study of air the
surrounds Earth (and it’s affect on weather)surrounds Earth (and it’s affect on weather)
A.A. AstronomyAstronomy
B.B. MeteorologyMeteorology
www.noaa.govwww.noaa.gov
I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES
Study of materials that make of the EarthStudy of materials that make of the Earth
A.A. AstronomyAstronomy
B.B. MeteorologyMeteorology
C.C. GeologyGeology
I.I. Major Sciences of ESMajor Sciences of ES
Study of the Earth’s oceansStudy of the Earth’s oceans
A.A. AstronomyAstronomy
B.B. MeteorologyMeteorology
C.C. GeologyGeology
D.D. OceanographyOceanography
II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth Systems
II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere
Rigid outer shell of the planet: includes crust and Rigid outer shell of the planet: includes crust and mantlemantle
II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere
B.B. HydrosphereHydrosphere
The water portionThe water portion
II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere
B.B. HydrosphereHydrosphere
C.C. AtmosphereAtmosphere
The layer of gases that surround the planetThe layer of gases that surround the planet
II.II. Main Earth SystemsMain Earth SystemsA.A. LithosphereLithosphere
B.B. HydrosphereHydrosphere
C.C. AtmosphereAtmosphere
D.D. BiosphereBiosphere
The part of Earth that includes life.The part of Earth that includes life.
III.III. Science and TechnologyScience and Technology
We often develop new things as a result of We often develop new things as a result of scientific discoveryscientific discovery
The End
Methods of Scientists – 1.2
ObjectivesObjectives• List steps used in scientific method• Compare experimental variables and controls• Identify basic SI units• Explain how to write numbers in scientific notation
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
Organized approach to solving problemsOrganized approach to solving problems
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
1.1. Do background researchDo background research
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
An educated, testable guess for an observationAn educated, testable guess for an observation
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem1.1. Do background researchDo background research
2.2. Make hypothesisMake hypothesis
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
Study of the Earth’s oceansStudy of the Earth’s oceans
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl
2.2. VariableVariable
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
The experiment by which the other is comparedThe experiment by which the other is compared
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
The factor that is changedThe factor that is changed
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl
2.2. VariableVariable
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
Variable altered by experimenterVariable altered by experimenter
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl
2.2. VariableVariable
a.a. Independent variableIndependent variable
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
Variable that changes as a result of the indep. Variable that changes as a result of the indep. variablevariable
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)1.1. ControlControl
2.2. VariableVariable
a.a. Independent variableIndependent variable
b.b. Dependent variableDependent variable
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)
C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)
C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results1.1. Make a tableMake a table
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)
C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results1.1. Make a tableMake a table
2.2. Make a graphMake a graph
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific MethodA.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)
C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results1.1. Make a tableMake a table
2.2. Make a graphMake a graph
3.3. Look for trendsLook for trends
I.I. Scientific MethodScientific Method
This may lead to new questionsThis may lead to new questions
A.A. Question or ProblemQuestion or Problem
B.B. Test (experiment)Test (experiment)
C.C. Organize/Analyze resultsOrganize/Analyze results
D.D. Draw conclusionsDraw conclusions
The End
Communicating in Science – 1.3
ObjectivesObjectives• List several ways in
which scientific info is communicated
• Differentiate between scientific theory and scientific law
I.I. CommunicationCommunication
I.I. CommunicationCommunicationA.A. Lab reportsLab reports
I.I. CommunicationCommunicationA.A. Lab reportsLab reports
B.B. GraphsGraphs
I.I. CommunicationCommunicationA.A. Lab reportsLab reports
B.B. GraphsGraphs
C.C. ModelsModels
I.I. CommunicationCommunication
II.II. Theories and LawsTheories and Laws
The End