the new deal "if, with all the advantages i've had, i can't make a living, i'm...
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Quick to Action “Brain Trust” creates policies “Brain Trust” creates policies New Deal New Deal Relief for needy Relief for needy Economic recovery Economic recovery Financial reform Financial reformTRANSCRIPT
The New DealThe New Deal
"If, with all the advantages I've had, I "If, with all the advantages I've had, I can't make a living, I'm just no good, I can't make a living, I'm just no good, I
guess."guess."38– An unemployed Texas schoolteacher, – An unemployed Texas schoolteacher,
1933 1933
Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano RooseveltGov. of New YorkGov. of New YorkReformerReformerBeat Hoover badly Beat Hoover badly Democrats in powerDemocrats in powerSound Familiar?Sound Familiar?
Quick to ActionQuick to Action““Brain Trust” creates policiesBrain Trust” creates policies
New DealNew DealRelief for needyRelief for needyEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryFinancial reformFinancial reform
Hundred DaysHundred Days100 days-15 major pieces of 100 days-15 major pieces of
legislationlegislation
Expands federal role in economyExpands federal role in economy
Bank holiday-checks out banks-Bank holiday-checks out banks-closes bad onescloses bad ones
Fireside ChatsFireside Chats Radio showRadio show Public concernsPublic concerns Speaks plainlySpeaks plainly
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXY7TkrPPzI
Attacks on New DealAttacks on New DealDeficit Spending=bad-government Deficit Spending=bad-government
going too far into debtgoing too far into debt
Interfered with free marketInterfered with free market
Liberals and Conservatives madLiberals and Conservatives mad
Supreme Court RulingsSupreme Court RulingsRuled two programs of New Deal Ruled two programs of New Deal
unconstitutionalunconstitutionalFDR responds by trying to appoint six FDR responds by trying to appoint six
new judgesnew judgesCongress UpsetCongress Upset
CriticsCritics Fr. Coughlin-wanted guaranteed annual Fr. Coughlin-wanted guaranteed annual
income, nationalized banksincome, nationalized banks Dr. Townsend-New Deal not doing enough Dr. Townsend-New Deal not doing enough
to help poor and elderly-wanted pension to help poor and elderly-wanted pension planplan
Huey Long-share the wealthHuey Long-share the wealth
"How many men ever went to a barbecue and would let one man take off the table what's intended for nine-tenths of the people to eat? The only way you'll ever be able to feed the balance of the people is to make that man come back and bring back some of tha grub that he ain't got no business with!"– Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long, 193440
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PWAPWA
PWAPWA
22ndnd New Deal New Deal Two years later-Two years later-
economy had economy had improved, but not improved, but not greatlygreatly
New Deal still widely New Deal still widely popularpopular
Roosevelt launches Roosevelt launches second New Dealsecond New Deal
Wife suggests it-wants Wife suggests it-wants women to become women to become involvedinvolved
1936 election1936 election Roosevelt wins in a Roosevelt wins in a
landslidelandslide
African Americans African Americans begin to back begin to back Democrats a trend Democrats a trend that continues through that continues through todaytoday
Democrats still in Democrats still in controlcontrol
FarmersFarmersSoil and Domestic Allotment Act Soil and Domestic Allotment Act
passed 1936-replaces AAApassed 1936-replaces AAA
Pays farmers for cutting production Pays farmers for cutting production and preserving soiland preserving soil
Tenant farmers given loans to buy Tenant farmers given loans to buy landland
New ProgramsNew ProgramsWorks Progress Administration-Works Progress Administration-11 Billion dollars to give jobs to 8 11 Billion dollars to give jobs to 8
million workersmillion workers850 airports, 125,000 public 850 airports, 125,000 public
buildings, 651,000 miles of roadsbuildings, 651,000 miles of roads
Women workers sew garmentsWomen workers sew garments
WPA ContinuedWPA ContinuedEleanor makes sure women, Eleanor makes sure women,
minorities, and young people are minorities, and young people are hired and helpedhired and helped
NYA-National Youth Administration- NYA-National Youth Administration- education, jobs, counseling, and education, jobs, counseling, and recreation to students in exchange recreation to students in exchange for working at schoolsfor working at schools
More ReformMore ReformWagner Act-protects workers and Wagner Act-protects workers and
allows them to join unions and prohibits allows them to join unions and prohibits unfair labor practices-firing union unfair labor practices-firing union workers etc.workers etc.
Fair Labor Standards Act-Maximum Fair Labor Standards Act-Maximum Work Week 44 hours-later reduced to Work Week 44 hours-later reduced to 4040
Minimum wage set-25 cents an hourMinimum wage set-25 cents an hourChild labor laws passedChild labor laws passed
Labor UnionsLabor UnionsGrow tremendouslyGrow tremendouslyCIO-represents unskilled workersCIO-represents unskilled workers
Sit-down strikes popular-factory can’t Sit-down strikes popular-factory can’t bring in other peoplebring in other people
Strikes get violent-Memorial Day Strikes get violent-Memorial Day MassacreMassacre
Social SecuritySocial Security Social Security Act-Social Security Act-
passed in 1935-3 partspassed in 1935-3 parts 1- Old-age insurance 1- Old-age insurance
for retirees 65 or older for retirees 65 or older and spouses-half from and spouses-half from worker, half from worker, half from employeremployer
2-unemployment 2-unemployment compensation-15-18 compensation-15-18 bucks a week-bucks a week-
3- aid to families with 3- aid to families with dependent children dependent children and disabledand disabled
Utilities ExpansionUtilities ExpansionOnly 12 percent of American farms Only 12 percent of American farms
had electricity-1935-Roosevelt uses had electricity-1935-Roosevelt uses REA to bring electricity to rural REA to bring electricity to rural farms-90 percent by 1949farms-90 percent by 1949
Goes after utility companiesGoes after utility companies
ProblemsProblemsSupreme Court-AAA and NIRA-downSupreme Court-AAA and NIRA-down
FDR cuts fed spending-economy into FDR cuts fed spending-economy into free fall againfree fall again
Unemployment -20 %Unemployment -20 %
Republicans gain ground 1938Republicans gain ground 1938
Groups Affected by the New Groups Affected by the New DealDeal
New Deal increases government’s New Deal increases government’s role in promoting equal rightsrole in promoting equal rights
New Deal policies help some more New Deal policies help some more than othersthan others
Women=good and badWomen=good and badFirst female cabinet member First female cabinet member
appointed-Frances Perkinsappointed-Frances PerkinsGallup Pole-82 percent of Americans Gallup Pole-82 percent of Americans
think that if husband has a job think that if husband has a job women should be at homewomen should be at home
Lower minimum wage for womenLower minimum wage for womenPercentage of women working growsPercentage of women working grows
African AmericansAfrican AmericansRoosevelt appoints more than 100 Roosevelt appoints more than 100
African Americans to key positionsAfrican Americans to key positions
““Black Cabinet” advises RooseveltBlack Cabinet” advises Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt plays a big role Eleanor Roosevelt plays a big role
Marian Anderson situationMarian Anderson situation
FDR Disagrees with EleanorFDR Disagrees with EleanorRoosevelt afraid of upsetting white Roosevelt afraid of upsetting white
Democrats in SouthDemocrats in SouthDoes not support anti-lynching lawDoes not support anti-lynching lawRefuses to end poll-taxRefuses to end poll-taxCCC and TVA don’t hire African CCC and TVA don’t hire African
AmericansAmericans
Mexican-AmericansMexican-AmericansSupport New Deal tooSupport New Deal too
Worked in Southwest as farm handsWorked in Southwest as farm hands
New Deal does not protect them New Deal does not protect them from low wages and forced from low wages and forced deportationdeportation
Native AmericansNative AmericansNew Deal helps greatlyNew Deal helps greatly Indian Reorganization ActIndian Reorganization Act-Native American lands belong to -Native American lands belong to
tribe and not governmenttribe and not governmentChildren can attend schools on Children can attend schools on
reservationsreservationsTribes can govern their own Tribes can govern their own
reservationsreservations
New Deal CoalitionNew Deal CoalitionDemocratic supporters of FDRDemocratic supporters of FDRSouthern whites, urban groups, Southern whites, urban groups,
African Americans, and union African Americans, and union workersworkers
Democrats dominate 1930s and 40sDemocrats dominate 1930s and 40s
Average Cost of new house $7,145.00 Average wages per year $1,970.00 Cost of a gallon of Gas 10 cents Average Cost for house rent $15.00 per month A loaf of Bread 9 cents A LB of Hamburger Meat 13 cents Magic Chef Gas Cooker $195.00 Pontiac Big Six Car $745.00
1930s entertainment1930s entertainmentMovies and radio are main sourcesMovies and radio are main sources
Often serve as an escapeOften serve as an escape
Captures imaginationCaptures imagination
Radio and Movies$$$Radio and Movies$$$Movies-65 percent of Americans go Movies-65 percent of Americans go
once a weekonce a week15,000 movies theatres15,000 movies theatresRadio sales doubled from 1930 to Radio sales doubled from 1930 to
1940194090 percent of Americans own a radio90 percent of Americans own a radio
MoviesMoviesHollywood comes of ageHollywood comes of agePresent visions of wealth, romance, and Present visions of wealth, romance, and
good timesgood timesGone with the Wind, Wizard of Oz, Snow Gone with the Wind, Wizard of Oz, Snow
White and the Seven Dwarfs, White and the Seven Dwarfs, FrankensteinFrankenstein
Comedies also popular, as well as feel Comedies also popular, as well as feel good movies-good movies-Mr. Deeds Goes to TownMr. Deeds Goes to Town Pro New DealPro New Deal
RadioRadioSeveral hours a day spent listening Several hours a day spent listening
to a radioto a radio
Orson Wells- “The War of the Worlds”Orson Wells- “The War of the Worlds”
Comedy-Bob HopeComedy-Bob Hope
Lone RangerLone Ranger
ArtsArtsSomber and SeriousSomber and Serious
Federal Art Project-paid artists to Federal Art Project-paid artists to produce public artproduce public art
Grant Wood-Grant Wood-American GothicAmerican Gothic
MusicMusicSongs about strugglesSongs about struggles
Woody GuthrieWoody Guthrie
Songs about Dust Bowl, Bread Lines, Songs about Dust Bowl, Bread Lines, etc.etc.
Swing Music-Big BandsSwing Music-Big Bands
WritersWriters Federal Writers’ Federal Writers’
ProjectProject Pays writers to Pays writers to
produce worksproduce works The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath Native SonNative Son Difficulties of lifeDifficulties of life
Uplifting-Uplifting-Our TownOur Town
Impact of New DealImpact of New DealLate 30s economy improvingLate 30s economy improving
New Deal scaled backNew Deal scaled back
Unemployment risesUnemployment rises
WWII loomsWWII looms
Critics/SupportersCritics/SupportersConservatives-fed. Gov. too large and Conservatives-fed. Gov. too large and
powerful, free enterprise restricted, powerful, free enterprise restricted,
Liberals-rich/poor gap too large, too Liberals-rich/poor gap too large, too many social inequalitiesmany social inequalities
Supporters-struck balance between Supporters-struck balance between capitalism and socialismcapitalism and socialism
Gov. Role in EconomyGov. Role in EconomyRoosevelt expanded Gov. Role in Roosevelt expanded Gov. Role in
economyeconomy
More power to PresidentMore power to President
FDIC and SEC programs we still have FDIC and SEC programs we still have today-regulate banking and today-regulate banking and investmentinvestment
Workers’ RightsWorkers’ RightsStandards for wages and hoursStandards for wages and hours
Banned child laborBanned child labor
Ensured union rightsEnsured union rights
Social and Environmental Social and Environmental EffectsEffects
Social SecuritySocial Security
Rural-quotas on crop production, Rural-quotas on crop production, easy loans, electricityeasy loans, electricity
Environment- planted trees, Environment- planted trees, conserved soil, harnessed water conserved soil, harnessed water power,power,