The New England Colonies

pg. 50-54

The New England Colonies

pg. 50-54

How did the geography of the New England Colonies impact the development of its economy? (Trade v. Farming)

Puritans and the Church of England• Residents of New England left England b/c they disagreed with the Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church (only legal church)– Known as Puritans (want to purify

church, still affiliated)– Separatists: leave to begin their

own church (PILGRIMS!)– Thought it was too similar to

Catholic Church– Didn’t like hierarchy

Puritans arrive in Massachussetts: New England colony (Plymouth, Boston, Salem)

1. Motives = to escape religious persecutiona. Pilgrims = Puritan separatists arrive on

Mayflower 1620 and establish Plymouth colony

b. Governor John Winthrop: 1630 more Puritans come to make their colony, “A city upon the hill”… inspiration and example to the world

2. political developmenta. Mayflower Compact:

signers promised to form a gov and respect its laws

b. Est. town meetings to make laws (democracy!)

i. 1631, all male church members (had conversion experience of journey to the colony) had the right to vote

ii. 1662, Half Way Covenant gives ½ church members (no conversion experience, children of original members) right to vote

iii. 1691, all male landowners gain right to vote

3. Social development a. Puritans: want to purify Anglican Church

i. Required all colonists to attend church (very strict, no tolerance for diversity)

b. Roger Williams: Founder of Rhode Island colony

i. Banished for speaking out against Church regulation

ii. Est universal male suffrage (right to vote) and religious freedom in RI

TURN TO PG. 52

c. Salem Witch Trials • Blame witches for native

attacks, disease, etc.• Target: women, non-puritans,

poor• “afflicted child” went into

convulsions, ran around, hid under furniture

• Around 20 put to death• IMPORTANCE = those

accused were showing a loss of lose religious passion…making $ and freedoms become priority

• (sex, drugs, & rock n’ roll!)

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-salem-witch-trials

Conflict with Natives in New England

• Pequot War:

• Praying Towns:

Let’s read about King Phillip’s War

Other side of Bacon reading…

The Middle Colonies

pg. 55-59

• Hudson River (navigation), many seaports• Soil suitable for farming, mild climate• Big food producing region that included corn and wheat and

livestock including beef and pork. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, textiles, and furs, which they exported to England

How did the geography of the Middle Colonies impact the development of its economy? (Trade v. Farming)

The Middle Colonies• The Dutch settled New

Amsterdam in1625• Religious tolerance and

diverse (didn’t pressure natives to convert) European groups– Mainly focused on

mercantilism

• 1644 The English take over the colony ($$$), names changed to New York

Pennsylvania pg. 58

• Founded by William Penn 1680– Quaker: a radical form of

Protestantism that believed in equality between men and women, pacifists, and tolerated other faiths

– Philadelphia: City of Brotherly love (cause everybody got along!)

– Got along with natives

7. What religious groups settled in New England? Where did they settle? What were their reasons for settlement?

12. What was the Half-way Covenant? Why was it necessary?

14. Why did Massachusetts lose its charter? How does this change the relationship between the colonies and England?

Becomes a royal colony because of its reluctance to recognize the British crown’s authority >>> this limits the freedoms of the colonists

15. What country settled in New York first? How did New Amsterdam become New York?

16. Who settled Pennsylvania? Why? How did the settlers of Pennsylvania treat Native Indians?

17. Why were the Middle Colonies more diverse than either

the Southern or New England colonies? (pg. 59!!!!!)

#MCM who are these guys?

#kingphillip

#metacomet #powhatan #NathanielBacon

• What is mercantilism?

• What are the benefits of mercantilism?

• Who benefits of mercantilism?

• What is the negative impact of mercantilism?

The Triangle Trade Draw this chart and fill in as we discuss

XXX

XXX

• How did trans-Atlantic trade develop?

• What raw materials were shipped from North America to Europe?

• What about Europe to America?

• Roots of Slavery (How did it begin?)• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter1.shtml• Timeline of Slavery• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9generic3.shtml• The Journey• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter5.shtml

Middle Passage

1-3 month journey

Separated from family and villages

Did not share a language

Branded with hot irons

Jammed into a dark and crowded ship hold (3feet 3 inches high)

Urine, fesses, birth, and death were

everywhere

10% of captures did not survive

Slaves in the Northern colonies

Small minorityWhy?

Farmhands, dockworkers, sailors, house servants

Some success stories – Phillis Wheatley -Slave from west Africa

-Worked for a Boston tailor, wrote a book of poems that her owner helped to get published

-And was freed

Slaves in the southern colonies

Sometimes outnumberedWhite settlers

Ability to develop culture:• separated from whites

•Able to practice African traditions And blend it with their new

Found Christianity •Created music with banjos,

Rattles and drums

Raised labor intensive crops: Tobacco, rice, Indigo, sugar

30. Give two examples of African-American culture in the

colonies.• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experienc

e/education/history.html

• Started = indentured servants, being freed after a few years of service

• Later = permanently enslaved Africans – due to Bacon’s Rebellion

Africans in the colonies

• “I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life: so that, with the loathsomeness of the stench, and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat, nor had I the least desire to taste anything. I now wished for the last friend, death, in to relieve me…”

- Olaudah Equiano

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY

Crash Course “The Atlantic Slave Trade”

27. Describe conditions on ships for enslaved Africans being shipped to North America.

28. How did labor practices change from early settlement in the 1600s to later colonies in the 1700s?

29. How did slavery in the New England and Middle colonies differ from slavery in the Southern colonies?

30. Give two examples of African-American culture in the colonies.