the new testament world © john stevenson, 2009. how has the new testament been used by politicians...
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The New Testament World
© John Stevenson, 2009
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How has the New Testament How has the New Testament been used by politicians for been used by politicians for
political gain?political gain?
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What is the big idea of the What is the big idea of the New Testament?New Testament?
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The Big Idea of the The Big Idea of the Old Testament is that Old Testament is that
Yahweh is LordYahweh is Lord
The Big Idea of the The Big Idea of the New Testament is New Testament is that Jesus is Lordthat Jesus is Lord
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The The GospelsGospels
History
ActsActs The The EpistlesEpistles RevelationRevelation
Letters Visions
The Story of Jesus
Epistles of Paul
Apocalyptic Literature
Early Church
General Epistles
Past Present Future
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Alexanderthe Great
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Mosaic in Pompeii
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• Cultural interchange
from east to west
• Scientific learning
• Hellenization
• Greek language
• Alexander’s death
The World ofAlexander
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Ptolemy
Antigonusthe one-eyed
Cassander
Seleucus
Lysimachus
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Ptolemy II PhiladelphusPtolemy II Philadelphus
• Pharos Lighthouse
• Library of Alexandria
• Septuagint
•War with the Seleucids
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Ptolemy
Antiochus IV
•Maccabean Revolt
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Antiochus IV
•Maccabean Revolt•166 B.C.•Mattathias•Temple liberated
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Two New Jewish PartiesTwo New Jewish Parties
• Hasidim: “The Pious Ones”Hasidim: “The Pious Ones”
– PhariseesPharisees
• Hellenists: Greek influenceHellenists: Greek influence
– SadduceesSadducees
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• Commissioned to clear the seas of piracy
• Conquests in Syria
• Conquest of Jerusalem
• Territorial arrangements
Pompeythe Great
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Judea
Decapolis
Samaria
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RomanCivilWar
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Antipateras
Procurator
Phasael
Herod
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Parthians
Petra
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Marc Antony
Octavius
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Herod the GreatHerod the Great
40 - 4 B.C.40 - 4 B.C.
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Zerubbabel’s TempleSeleucid AdditionHasmonean ExpansionHerod’s Temple
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AntoniaFortress
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Herodium
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Masada
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Caesarea
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• Breakwater
• Sunken stones
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Herod’s Domestic Troubles
It is better to be Herod’s u`jThan to be Herod’s ui`oj
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ArchelausArchelausCoinsCoins
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Roman Procurators in Israel
Name Dates Other Significant Data
Coponius 6-9 A.D. Judas of Galilee led revolt against taxation (Acts 5:37).
Marcus Ambivius 9-12 A.D.
Annius Rufus 12-15 A.D. Caesar Augustus died during his term
Valerius Gratus 15-26 A.D. Deposed Annas from the high priesthood
Pontius Pilate 26-36 A.D. Ordered the crucifixion of Jesus
Marcellus 36-41 A.D. Caiaphas deposed from the high priesthood; returned the high priest garments which had been confiscated by Rome
Herod Agrippa given Judea and Samaria from 41 to 44 A.D.
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Roman Procurators in Israel
Name Dates Other Significant Data
Cuspius Fadus 44-46 A.D. Took back the garments of the high priest
Tiberius Julius Alexander
46-48 A.D.
Ventidius Cumanus
48-52 A.D. Riot in temple over a coarse Roman jest
Antonius Felix 52-60 A.D. Brought about the murder of the high priest; heard the case of the apostle Paul, but left him in prison to please the Jews
Porcius Festus 60-62 A.D. Heard the case of Paul and sent him on to Rome
Lucceius Albinus 62-64 A.D. James, the half-brother of Jesus, put to death while Albinus is out of the country
Gessius Florus 64-66 A.D. Culminated in the revolt of the Jews
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Herod AntipasHerod Antipas
• Galilee & Perea
• Tetrarch: “Ruler of a fourth part”• Antipas & Herodias
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Herod the Great
Mariamne I Mariamne IIMalthac
Alexander
Aristobulus
Archelaus
Antipas
Agrippa I HerodiasAristobulus
Bernice
Philip
Salome
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Herod AntipasHerod Antipas
• Galilee & Perea• Tetrarch: “Ruler of a fourth part”• Antipas & Herodias
• John the Baptist• Later fate of Antipas
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Pharisees“Separated ones”
Sadducees“Righteous ones”
Held to authority of entire Old Testament
as well as oral law
Viewed the Torah as having the greater
authority
Believed in miracles, angels, immortality
Rejected miracles, angels, immortality
Believed in future resurrection
Denied any life after death
Popular in the synagogues
Ruled in the Temple
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Religious SectsReligious Sects
• Pharisees: SeparatistsPharisees: Separatists
• Sadducees: Liberal partySadducees: Liberal party
• Essenes: Communal SeparatistsEssenes: Communal Separatists
• Zealots: NationalistsZealots: Nationalists
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