the opportunities of the tactile internet – and a challenge for
TRANSCRIPT
The Opportunities of the Tactile Internet – And A Challenge For Future Electronics
Gerhard P. Fettweis Vodafone Chair Professor coordinator
serial entrepreneur 1
Via Della Conciliazione 2005/4/4 2013/3/12
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 2
Source: http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/bild-889031-473266.html Source: http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/bild-889031-473242.html
Wireless >2020 Outlook
100Tb/s
10 Tb/s
1 Tb/s
100Gb/s
10Gb/s
1Gb/s
100Mb/s
10Mb/s
1Mb/s
100Kb/s
10Kb/s 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
? 802.11ac/ad
802.11n 802.11ag
802.11
802.11b
GSM GPRS
HSPA
HSDPA LTE
3G R99 / EDGE
LTE Advanced
WLAN (10m)
Cellular (100m)
DFG SFB 912 (German Science Foundation Collaborative Research Center) In operations since July-1, 2011 Gerhard P. Fettweis (coordinator) Wolfgang Lehner (vice coordinator) Wolfgang Nagel (vice coordinator)
HIGHLY ADAPTIVE ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMPUTING
Highly Adaptive Energy-Efficient Computing Inter-Chip Communications
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 5
Radio Interconnect
• on-chip/on-package antenna arrays • analog/digital beamsteering and
interference minimization • 100Gb/s • 220GHz carrier / 25GHz channel • 3D routing & flow management
Optical Interconnect
• adaptive analog/digital circuits for e/o transceiver
• embedded polymer waveguide • packaging technologies
(e.g. 3D stacking of Si/III-V hybrids) • 90° coupling of laser
The Outlook: The Box in 2020+
Assume 128K processors per chip 2x 4x4 chip-stacks on board
128x chips stacked in 3D 4x boards in a box
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 6
in 10x10x10 cm3 (1 liter) 109 processors! 8192 chips + 8192 memory chips 105x performance of today!
HAEC Box
The Tactile Internet And Its Millisecond
The Tactile Internet
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 8 9/11/2014 http://ostsee-spezial.de/?p=148
Moving from 25ms RTT 1ms tomorrow
Gaming…
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 9
Tactile Internet Killer App: Free Viewpoint Video
9/11/2014 Gerhard Fettweis Slide 10 http://baumgartnerfl.lima-city.de/stadion.html
10 cameras @ 100Hz frame rate 100Gb/s Latency @ <10ms
The Tactile Internet: Remote Controlled Humanoid Robots
Gerhard Fettweis
http://images.gizmag.com/hero/8456_51207105642.jpg
http://www.dvice.com/archives/2011/05/kinect_controll_1.php
Human Touch
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 12
The Tactile Internet The Manufacturing Revolution Ahead
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 13
http://jerryrushing.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/robotic_assembly_line1.jpg http://www.witchdoctor.co.nz/wp-
content/uploads/2013/01/robot-fabrication-station.jpg
Revolution Ahead in Communications: The Tactile Internet
≤ 4G:
Content
Communications
5G:
Steering & Control
Communications
Gerhard Fettweis
Health & Care Traffic Sports Education Manufacturing Serious Games Smart Grid …
Inhalt f ast a ctuators s ensors & t ransceivers
fast value chain
sales & service
systems, networks, software circuits
components semi-
conductors
fast network of
states
Berlin Brandenburg Mecklenburg Vorpommern
Saxony-Anhalt Saxony
Thuringia Baden-Württ. Lower Saxony
Bavaria
Coordinators: Frank Ellinger, (Gerhard Fettweis), TU Dresden Starting 2014, appox. €75M project size, 60+ partners
1ms Impact
Hosted Computing (decider)
Network Config.
Manager (SON)
Terminal Air Interface
Base Station & Compute Σ = 0.3 ms
Σ = 0.2 ms Σ = 0.5 ms
Latency Goals:
Software Ecosystem
1ms
Sensor Embedded Computing Receiver
100 µs
Actuator Embedded Computing Receiver Trans
mitter 100 µs
Trans mitter
Tomahawk2
Tommahawk2
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 18 „Atlas“ serial on-chip link (72GBit/s) local ADPLL clock generator
TSMC 65nm LP CMOS 6mm x 6mm Pads: 465 Gates: 10,2 Millionen SRAM: 750 kByte Cores: 20 processor elements Power 150mW typical
Tapeout: 04/2013 Dresden: 06/2013 Successor of Tomahawk1 (2007):
Winner of 2009 DAC/ISSCC Student Design Contest
Duo-PE Concept
Challenge: • Data transfers dominate power consumption, network congestions, latency
Two cores connected to one local Memory:
• 4-fold SIMD Vector DSP 16-bit fixed point comp.
• General Purpose RISC Core high precision FP comp.
Advantage: • Further increase of data locality and area efficiency
• Context aware dynamic core selection during runtime
Block Diagram
hs-serial
hs-serial
hs-serial
hs-serial
hs-serial
parallelRouter(1,0)
FPGA-Interface
Router(1,1)
Router(0,1)
Router(0,0)
Duo-PE0
Duo-PE1
FEC
Duo-PE2
SDDuo-PE6
Duo-PE7
Duo-PE5
Duo-PE3 CM
ADPLL,
PMG
T
ADPLL,
PMG
T
ADPLL,
PMG
T
AVS Contr.
UART-GPIO
ADPLL,
PMG
T
ADPLL,
PMG
TAD
PLL, PM
GT
ADPLL,
PMG
T
ADPLL,
PMG
TADPLL, PMGT
ADPLL, PMGT
ADPLL, PMGT
ADPLL
ADPLL
DDR-SDRAM-Interface
Tomahawk2_core
APP
Duo-PE4
ADPLL, PMGT
VDSPRISC
VDSPRISC
VDSPRISC
VDSPRISC
VDSPRISC
VDSPRISC
VDSPRISC
ADPLL, PMGT
VDSPRISC
Tomahawk Architecture Framework
T1 T2 T3 T4 T2 T3 T4 T5...
Cache
CM
App. Proc
GlobalMemory
Control-Plane Data-Plane
PE1
LocalMemory
PEn
LocalMemory
...Control Flow
Data Flow
Dynamic out-of-order task dispatching T1 T2
T3T4T2T3
T4 T5
PE3PE2
PE1
if
Start
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
End
SW Application
task specification chronology
Power Management
Fine-grained: CoreManager • Based on application requirements (e.g., start times and deadlines) and system
status (e.g., allocated PEs )
• Result: target frequency and voltage level for each PE for each task
• Enabled by fine grained fast DVFS at PE level
Coarse-grained • Global AVS voltage control of DVFS levels
• Result: slow voltage adaption for temperature and process for DVFS rails
Power Management Architecture
Duo PE HPM 0 N0
ADPLL
AVS contr.
DVFS PLEVEL
HPM 1 N1
HPM 2 N2
VDD,0 VDD,1 VDD,2
Ref CLK
PMC
„slow“ AVS adaption
„fast“ DVFS switching f0 f1 f2
LUT 0 1 2
DVFS domain
Exte
rnal
DC
/DC VDD,0 VDD,1 VDD,2
VDD,core
VDD,core
AO domain
VDD
VDD t
t
Fast DVFS Measurement Result
• Ultra fast DVFS level change of Duo-PE in <20ns
100MHz 200MHz 0.7V
1.0V
Multi-Mode Forward Error Correction
• Programmable ASIP implementation • Four SIMD-parallel FEC processing units (PUs) • Combined decoding operations for Viterbi/Turbo/LDPC codes
DATA MEM
InterconnectConf
Local Mem
PU0 PU1 PU2 PU3Ctrlpath
Local Mem
Local Mem
Local Mem
fmax 500 MHz Area 1.15 mm²
Power* 360 mW Throughput** 155 Mb/s
* @1.2V ** LDPC
Area [mm2] fmax [MHz] @VDD=1.2 V
Throughput @fmax PApplication-Scenario* [mW] total mem
APP 0.582 0.245 445 890 MOPS off CM 1.360 0.870 445 1.1 MTasks/s 14.1 @200MHz, 0.9 V
Duo-PE RISC 1.357 0.800
445 890 MOPS off VDSP 500 10 GOPS 35.0 @282 MHz, 0.9 V
SD 0.522 0.260 445 396 Mb/s 36.5 @200 MHz, 1.15 V
FEC 1.154 0.618 500 155 Mb/s 132.2 @200 MHz, 1.15 V
FPGA-IF 0.602 - 500 10 Gb/s - DDR-IF 4.552 - 400 12.8 Gb/s - NoC 3.417 - 500 80 Gb/s/link 18.0 @286 MHz, 1.15
V
Tomahawk2 Components
*4×4 MIMO 3GPP-LTE baseband application
SDR Architectures for MIMO 3GPP-LTE/WiMAX Tomahawk2 Magali [6] Tomahawk [3]
Clocking and Power Management
GALS, local DVFS and AVS, power-gating GALS, local DFS Global clock
Scheduling Dynamic (flexible, energy adaptable) Static Dynamic (fixed
algorithm)
Peak Performance 105 GOPS (3.6 GFLOPS) 37 GOPS 40 GOPS
Application for power measurements
4x4 MIMO 3GPP-LTE Rx baseband, 60 Mbit/s
4x2 MIMO, 2x2 MIMO Tx, MAC, 10.8 Mbit/s LTE/WiMAX
Power consumption 480 mW @ 1.15V 477 mW @ 1.2V 1.2W @ 1.3V
NoC Throughput (per link) 80 Gbit/s 17 Gbit/s 5.47 Gbit/s
Die size 36mm² 29.6 mm² 100 mm² Technology 65nm 65nm 130nm
[6] Clermidy, et al., A 477mW NoC-based digital baseband for MIMO 4G SDR, ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 278-279, 2010
Conclusions
Merging Computing and Communications
Dynamic configuration management • PEs as needed: VDSPs, GP-cores and ASIPs • Hierarchical DVFS at 20ns and 1ms (50-100% power savings per voltage step) • Scheduling via CoreManager • Star-mesh NoC with high-speed serial links
Low-latency / low-power / high-performance
MODULATION
Gerhard Fettweis
Requirements / Challenges
40
t async. operation
f
scalable bandwidth
f
fragmented spectrum
f
LTE clocking scheme
New Air Interface
Multi-Carrier Revisited OFDM GFDM SC-FDM
44
N time samples
N su
bcar
riers
N symbols
M sub-symbols
N fr
eque
ncy
sam
ples
K s
ubca
rrie
rs
M fr
eq. s
ampl
es
K time samples
N=KM
Realtime 5G Research Testbed: GFDM With -45dB to -65dB Notches !
Research on 5G Slide 45
RESILIENCE
Gerhard Fettweis
Carrier Grade Wireless: Use cases
Planning & Optimization Overview Slide 49
Traffic safety & efficiency
Availability (time)
Coverage/ Availability
(space) Latency Speed
> 99.999% < 1ms ≈100% < 500kmh
Industrial automation (Motion control)
Telesurgery
> 99.999999% < 1ms ≈100% n/a
> 99.999% < 1ms n/a n/a
> 99.999% n/a ≈100% n/a Emergency Communication
Others: Power Networks / Smart Grid, Real-Time Remote Computing, Platooning, ESP, Exoskeleton [1] [1] Fettweis, G., "The Tactile Internet: Applications and Challenges," Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE , vol.9, no.1, pp.64,70, March 2014.
Serious Carrier Grade: 10-x via Diversity # indep. channels
1 2 3 4 5 6
outage 3% 10-3 3×10-5 10-6 2×10-8 7×10-10
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 50
Handoff Revisited
router
Mobile Edge Cloud / Micro Cloud / Cloud
Gerhard Fettweis Slide 54
Distributed Compute Within
Distributed Cloud
Data Center
Application Handoff !!!
Steering & Control Center
Networking The Connnection
55
node
node
Single Path
56
node
node
Revolution Compute & Forward (Disintergration of packet)
57
node
node
Revolution Distributed Everything Storage/Computing/Networking/…
58
node
node
5G CHALLENGES
Gerhard Fettweis
5G – “Massive” Requirements
61
Sta
te o
f th
e ar
t
Massive safety and security
5G
The Tactile
Internet
> 10Gbit/s per user < 1ms RTT > 10k sensors per cell < 10−8 outage
Massive low latency
Massive throughput
Massive sensing
Massive resilience
Massive fractal heterogenity
< 10−12 security 10x10 heterogeneity
63
Dresden 5G Lab
5G Research on four Tracks
Mobile edge cloud Silicon systems
Tactile Internet applications
Wireless
Opening Event Sept-24 2014 @ 16:30
in Dresden
Members on Tracks
64
Wireless track
Silicon systems track
Mobile edge cloud track
Tactile Internet application track
Gerhard Fettweis
Eduard Jorswieck
Frank Ellinger
Christel Baier
Rene Schüffny
Frank Fitzek
Leon Urbas
Christof Fetzer Uwe Aßmann
Wolfgang Lehner
Ercan Altinsoy Thorsten Strufe
Klaus Janschek
Dirk Plettemeier
Wolfgang Nagel
Hermann Härtig Michael Schröter Silvia Santini
Team of 500+ Researchers !!!
Relevant Startups Generated by Team
65
Wireless track Silicon systems track Mobile edge cloud
track Tactile Internet
application track
freedelity
Currently Connected Partners
66
CONCLUSIONS
Gerhard Fettweis
Telco Markets: A First Glimpse At Germany
69
care German ambulatory care ~€35B TAM €10B/a
manufacturing German industrial interconnect revenue ~€2B TAM €10B/a
events German event/concert/sport/stadium/congress TAM €10B/a
‘edutainement’ German TechniSat €.5B (home entertainment €11B) TAM €10B/a
mobility German Tollcollect €5B, TAM €10B/a
smart grid EU smart grid ICT market €27B, $47B by 2020 TAM €10B/a
x20 x10 =200x =$20T
2G – 1992 Voice Messages
3G – 2002 + Data + Positioning
4G – 2012 + Video everything + 3D Graphics
5G – 2022 + Tactile Internet + massive M2M + Tb/s + “carrier grade” + safe & secure
Cellular Roadmap of USPs
Gerhard Fettweis 70
Related publications
[1] Fettweis, Gerhard, and Siavash Alamouti. “5G: Personal Mobile Internet beyond What Cellular Did to Telephony”
Communications Magazine, IEEE 52.2 (2014): 140-145.
[2] Fettweis, G. "The Tactile Internet: Applications and Challenges."
Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE 9.1 (2014): 64-70.
[3] Fettweis et al. „Positionspapier Das Taktile Internet“, VDE ITG
[4] HUAWEI. „5G: A Technology Vision“
72