the parts of a wind turbine, construction and integration
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The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration . Dr. Péter Kádár Óbuda University, Power System Department , Hungary kadar.peter@kvk . uni-obuda.hu. Draft. The elements of a wind turbine The construction of the wind power plant The building procedure - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration
Dr. Péter KádárÓbuda University, Power System Department, Hungary
Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Draft
• The elements of a wind turbine• The construction of the wind power plant• The building procedure• Integration of wind energy into bulk power
systems
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Growing unit performance
Today:120-160 m 3,5-5 MW
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Limits: the sky
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Parts of a wind turbine
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Low-med. volt. transformer
cable
steel tower
power electronics
gearbox
rotorblades
anemometer
generator
turning generator house
grid
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Foundation
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Transportation
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Transportation
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Craning
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Nacelle
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Trends
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traditional up-to-date
Tower steel concrete
Height low high
Rpmsemi fixed
speedvariable speed
Cut in 3m/s 2,5m/s
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E-40 – E-82
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
New control paradigm: wind priority
Traditional control: Load demand -> generation control on the base of the demand
Wind priority: we let generate all the wind plant, and we produce some more by the request
Future: intelligent generation and load harmonisation (Demand Side Management)
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New control paradigm: wind priority
Traditional:Control by the demand• E.g. steam
generation• Turbine• Generator
Wind:Control by the wind
speed and demand• rotor blades• generator
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Indirect and direct driving
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Connection of the generator to the grid
30 Hz 50 Hz
20 Hz 50 Hz
Appr. RPM900-1000changing
Fixed frequency (RPM)
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Control: pitch, P,Q
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Electrical connection: compact substation
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Connection to 20 kV
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Single line scheme
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More details…
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Protection, measurements, settling, RTU
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Connection between the tower and the compact substation
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Power, voltage level and topology
• 1 unit: cca. 2 MW (0,8 – 3,5 MW)• 20 kV for transmission 3-8 MW• Wind park: 20-30 units -> 110/120 kV• Special topologies: ring, tree, quadratic, meshed, etc.• Security – geography – economy – ecology
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Wind speed changesby Jensen
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„Wind shadow” – Wake effect decreasig speed – decreasing energy
(work of Javier Serrano)
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Micrositing - optimisation(work of Javier Serrano)
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Quadratic displacement, Burgenland, Austria
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Line on the hill edge
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Molina moderna de Aragón
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Wind metering tower
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Atienza, Spain
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Near Calatayud, Spain
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Near Calatayud, Spain
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Near Calatayud, Spain150 towers on this picture!
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Kefalonia, Greece
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
MeasurementsCharacteristics, RPM, output power
Szélerőmű karakterisztika - induló szakasz
0
50
100
150
200
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
szélsebesség m/s
kW Szélerőmű kiadott teljesítménye
0
50
100
150
200
14:03:50 14:06:43 14:09:36 14:12:29 14:15:22 14:18:14 14:21:07
időkW
A szabályozott rotor fordulatszám
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 50 100 150 200
kiadott teljesítmény kW
n / p
erc
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Cut in
RPM
Power out
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Niederland , Cabo Verde, Burgenland (A), Portugal
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Windpower plants in Hungary, 2006
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V90
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Characteristics
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Rotor blade
V90 (~44 m) MD 77 (37,5 m)6,5 t!
Glassfiber – epoxiGrafit fiber
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FL MD77
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
MD 77
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E 48
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
E 48
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E82
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Characteristics measurements
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„Storm control”
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Comparison
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Bükkaranyos
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Erk
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Inota
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Kulcs
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Mezőtúr
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Mosonmagyaróvár -Levél
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Mosonszolnok
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Szápár
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Törökszentmiklós
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System load <–> wind production
A hazai villamosenergia-rendszer terhelése 2005.12.14.
01000200030004000500060007000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
óra
MW
Szélerőmű kiadott teljesítménye
0
50
100
150
200
14:03:50 14:06:43 14:09:36 14:12:29 14:15:22 14:18:14 14:21:07
idő
kW
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Balancing with CO2
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Feel the measure!
V27 – 225 kW E-40 600 kW E-48 800 kW
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Feel the measure!
MD-77 1,5 MW V-90 1,8 MW E-70 2 MW 63
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How many tower represents 1000 MW?
• V27 225 kW 4444 pcs• E-40 600 kW 1666 pcs• E-48 800 kW 1250 pcs• MD-77 1,5 MW 666 pcs• V-90 1,8 MW 555 pcs• E-70 2 MW 500 pcs
A lot.
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Wind energy integration
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Energy production calculation
• If 1000 MW built in capacity operates in 1 year with 20 % usage ratio
• 365 days x 24 hours x 1000 MW x 0,2 % = 1.752.000 [MWh] = 1,752 TWh
• In Hungary it is only 4,47 % of the total consumption
• Not too much
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Power ratio
It is much!Forrás: A magyar villamosenergia-rendszer 2005. évi statisztikai adatai, MVM Zrt., 2006
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How the wind blows
• BEWAG experiences: gradient 60 MW/h• 3 areas - 3 different wind blows• Local autobalancing in the windpark• Balancing between different areas
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A kimenő teljesítmény 10 perc múlva történő megváltozásának napi maximuma 330 MW beépített szélerőmű teljesítmény esetén
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
218 200 182 163 145 127 109 91 73 54 36 18 0
MW
Napo
k sz
áma
(éve
nte)
Koncentrált
Szétszórt
http://www.vrbpower.com/
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Sudden stop of wind power plants
• Too strong wind (over 25-30 m/s)• Network faults• Frequency problems
Is it really problem to loose 200 MW? – daily eventsThe network flexibility must be raised!
• Diversification• Forecast
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• Fault in Spain
• 2006.11.04.
• Storm in Denmark
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2008. 04.01. operation - BEWAG
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The UTSIRA project
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Hydrogen generation
On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz
Szélerőmű
Közlekedési felhasználás
Hidrogén kút
On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz
Szélerőmű
Szállítás
Szállítás
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Központi hidrogén előállító eszköz
Szélerőműpark
Szélerőmű
KÖF eloszt
ó hálóza
t
120 kV-os főelos
ztó hálóza
t Rendszerirányítói
szabályozás
Rendszerirányítói szabályozás
-4-3-2-10123456
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Szél össztermelés
Rendszerirányítói többlet =Hidrogén átalakító fogyasztása
Hidrogén kút
Közlekedési felhasználás
Central hydrogen generation – system operatior control
Rendszerirányítói szabályozás
-4-3-2-10123456
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Szél össztermelés
Rendszerirányítói többlet =Hidrogén átalakító fogyasztása
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Where to find the control capacities?
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Unused controllable capacities
Uncontrolled gas fired capacities
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Co-control of gas engines and wind turbines
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Wind generation + gas engine generation + balancing
Szélerőmű + gázmotor + tervezett kiegyenlítés
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
óra
kW
Előrejelzett szél termelésTényleges széltermelésTervezett kiegyenlítésGázmotor kiegyenlítésTermelési összeg
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Load of the gas engine
A gázmotor terhelése
-20-10
0102030405060708090
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
óra
%
Csoport hiba %Gázmotor eltérés %Gázmotor tervezett % Gázmotor tényleges %
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Control Center for Renewable Energy (CORE)
• Iberdrola• Toledo, Spain• Virtual power plant• Connection to the ISO• On-line control of the wind towers • Maitenance control
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What helps the integration?
• Control of the windpark output• Diversification• Local control centers• Intraday power exchange
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81Szélenergia integrálás - aukciós szempontokGKM konzultáció 2008.04.16.
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American plans…
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source: Ed DeMeo, Renewable Energy Consulting Services, Inc. UWIG techn. Workshop, 24 July, 2007, Anchorage, Alaska
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Conclusion
• The wind technology is cleared, this is the high time of the application
• The hot topics are the off shore plants• The integration of the wind energy is the question of
decision• The present network structures was not planned and
implemented for the trade and renewable generation
Have a good work!
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Thanks for the attention!
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