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The Path to 6G:Performance Targets and Technology EnablersDr Alain Mourad6G Summit, Levi, 17-20 March 2020
Outline
• 6G: The Why, What and How?• Why do we need 6G?
• What performances shall we target?
• How do we get there?
• Insights from EMPOWER B5G Roadmap Consultation• KPIs Evolution
• Technology Trends
• Take-aways
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6G: The Why, What and
How?
6G: The Why (1/2)
• Political view: Far more powerful, faster, and smarter• Many governments already launched
6G research agendas (e.g. EU, USA, Japan, China, South Korea).
• Societal view: Greener, smarterand sustainable• United Nations (UN) already announced
17 global sustainable development goals towards 2030.
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6G: The Why (2/2)
• Economical view: Growth through smarter all-digital economy• Digital transformation agendas including Artificial
Intelligence (AI) underpin growth strategies in various sectors of the economy.
• Technological view: Innovation continues to always do better and smarter• This isn’t to say that 5G is broken and we need to fix
it. This is rather the engineering instinct to create, innovate and continuously advance the state of art.
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6G Vision
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A Smarter Generation fusing Wireless and AI in
support of 2030’s Global Societal and
Economical Goals
The generation with a sixth sense!
Towards 6G – Use Cases (1/2)
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5GLong-term EVO
(6G)Short-term
EVOMid-term
EVO
A constant expansion of the USER and VERTICAL use cases towards a blend of extreme requirements
eMBB
URLLCmMTC
2020 2022 2025 2030
Towards 6G – Use Cases (2/2)
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Volumetric media streaming
Multi-sensory extended reality and haptics
Connected industries and automation
Autonomous vehicles and swarm systems
Aerial and satellite networks and platforms
1
2
3
4
5
Towards 6G – Key Requirements (1/2)
• Spectrum with leap jumps above 100 GHz all the way up to THz
• Bandwidth expansion from 500 MHz today up to 10 GHz
• Peak data rate moving to a few 100s of Gbps
• User data rate scaling up to a few Gbps
• Connections density doubling to 2 devices per sqm
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5G5G5G
Spectrum(GHz)
Bandwidth(GHz)
Peak data rate (DL)(Gbps)
User data rate (DL)(Mbps)
Peak spectral efficiency (DL)
(bps/Hz)
Density(device/sqm)
Area traffic capacity
(Mbps/sqm) 50
250
500
1000
0.52.5
510
20 100200400
30
40
50
60
100
500
1000
2000
11.31.72
1050
100200
5G
5G SEVO
5G MEVO
5G LEVO
Spectrum & Density
KPIs
[Source: EMPOWER – www.advancedwireless.eu]
Towards 6G – Key Requirements (2/2)
• Reliability gradually increasing to reach highs of up to 9 nines
• U-plane latency down to a fraction of millisecond
• Energy efficiency (both network and terminal) improving towards 100% gains vs 5G today
• Positioning accuracy to few cms
• Mobility up to 1000 km/h
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5G5G5G
Reliability(# of nines)
U-plane latency
(ms)
C-plane latency (ms)
Terminal Energy Efficiency(% gain)
Network Energy Efficiency (% gain)
Mobility(Km/h)
Positioning accuracy
(cm) 5
6
8
9
10.5
0.20.1
20 10 4 2
30
70
100
30
70
100
5005001000
10030
101
5G
5G SEVO
5G MEVO
5G LEVO
Reliability, Latency, Energy, Mobility and Positioning
KPIs500
[Source: EMPOWER – www.advancedwireless.eu]
Towards 6G – Technology Trends
Circuits and devices at nanometers level with node scaling targets of Power-Performance-Area-Cost (PPAC) breaking through the limits of Moore’s Law
Radio transceivers supporting extreme requirements at Tbps data rates, sub-ms latency, and sub-mWatts power
Radio system expanding to integrate (un)licensed, (non)terrestrial, and (non)comms sub-systems, in a 3-D space with fluid topologies
Network protocols catering for the requirements of next generation internet including determinism, time-sensitivity, and automation
Data (small and big) driven E2E optimizations with pervasive collaborative intelligence distributed across terminals, edge, fog and cloud
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Focus
next
1
2
3
4
5
Towards 6G – Enabling Technology (1/3)SE
VO Transceivers at
frequencies up to 250GHz M
EVO Transceivers at
frequencies up to 500GHz
LEV
O Transceivers at frequencies up to 1THz
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SEV
O Massive MIMO with arrays of 256elements M
EVO Massive MIMO with
arrays of 512elements
LEV
O Massive MIMO with arrays of 1024elements
SEV
O Multi-RATs integration across licensed and unlicensed spectrum M
EVO Energy efficient
waveforms and modulations for low and high spectrum LE
VO Cognitive Multi-WATs
access across cellular and non-cellular (WiFi/LiFi)
SEVO: Short-Term Evolution MEVO: Medium-Term Evolution LEVO: Long-Term Evolution
Towards 6G – Enabling Technology (2/3)SE
VO Extended support of
NR-light (mid-range) devices
MEV
O Support of UAVs/drones as UEs, gNBs, and relays LEV
O Support of intelligent swarms of heterogeneous devices
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SEV
O Support of Non-Terrestrial Networks
MEV
O Integration of Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks LE
VO Support of Massive
VLEO satellites and HAPs
SEV
O Device and network power savings enhancements
MEV
O Ultra-low energy devices supporting energy harvesting LE
VO Battery-less devices
and nodes supporting wireless power transfer
Towards 6G – Enabling Technology (3/3)SE
VO Communication-
based positioning accuracy <30 cm
MEV
O Joint sensing and communicationincluding position accuracy <10 cm LEV
O Integrated sensing and communicationincluding position accuracy <1 cm
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SEV
O Data Collection from the core, RAN and UE to enable fusion with AI/ML M
EVO Wireless Fusion with
AI/ML limited to C-plane and higher layers in the U-plane LE
VO Wireless Fusion with
AI/ML in every plane and every layer including PHY
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Insights from EMPOWER B5G
Roadmap Consultation
H2020 EMPOWER B5G Roadmap Consultation
• Public consultation on 5G evolution towards 6G open from 03 Feb. 2020 until 20 Mar. 2020
• Targets gathering the wireless research community feedback towards a B5G roadmap including:
• KPIs evolution
• Technology trends
• Experimental challenges
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https://www.advancedwireless.eu/index.php/participate-at-the-empower-roadmap-consultation/
Have your say, it is still open for more responses!
Demographic of the Respondents so far
• So far, the consultation collected some 60+ views from experts in the Industry and in Academic Research
• Respondents have the choice to either stay anonymous or share their affiliations
• Nearly half of the respondents (34) have chosen to share their names and affiliations• A good mixture of Industry(14 respondents) and Academic research
(20 respondents)• A good geographic distribution from Europe, UK, Norway, USA,
Canada, China, Taiwan
• Extrapolating to all respondents, a good mixture of stakeholders ( 40% Industry – 60% Academia) and geographic distribution across Europe, North America, and South East Asia
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Insights on KPIs Evolution
Insights – Spectrum
• Spectrum will evolve over the next 10 years to reach THz frequencies?
• Majority (53%) think we will break the cap of 100 GHz and evolve up to the limit of 500 GHz
• Going above 500 GHz has a limited support (<20%)
• A minority (10%) think we will not break the bar of 100 GHz
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19,30%
52,63%
10,53%
17,54%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Up to 1000 GHz
Up to 500 GHz
Up to 100 GHz
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Spectrum Evolution
Insights – User Data Rate
• User data rate will evolve over the next 10 years to reach a few Gbps in downlink and uplink?
• 98% of responses think the user data rate will range from few 100s Mbps (48%) to a few Gbps (50%)
• No one think it will stay below 100 Mbps as in 5G today
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50,00%
48,15%
0,00%
1,85%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Above 1 Gbps
Few 100s Mbps
Below 100 Mbps
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
User data rate Evolution
Insights – Density
• Density will evolve over the next 10 years to reach above 2 million devices per km2 (= 2 devices per sqm)?
• Majority (56%) think it will reach way above 2 devices per sqm
• A third (33%) think it will evolve but to less than 2 devices per sqm
• Almost no one think it will stay below 1 device per sqm (5G target)
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33,33%
55,56%
3,70%
7,41%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Above 2 per sqm
Up to 2 per sqm
Below 1 per sqm
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Density Evolution
Insights – Reliability
• Reliability will evolve over the next 10 years to reach 9 nines?
• Majority (67%) think reliability will improve up to 8 nines
• A few (11%) think it might go as high as 9 nines
• Very few think it will stay below 6 nines (like 5G today)
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11,11%
66,67%
5,56%
16,67%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00%
Above 9 nines
Up to 8 nines
Below 6 nines
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Reliability Evolution
Insights – Latency
• Latency will evolve over the next 10 years to reach 0.1 ms in U-plane?
• Majority (62%) think latency will need to go below 0.5 ms
• A quarter (25%) think it might evolve to less than 0.1 ms
• Almost no one think it will stay in the 1 ms (5G target)
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25,45%
61,82%
3,64%
9,09%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00%
Below 0.1 ms
Below 0.5 ms
Below 1 ms
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Latency Evolution
Insights – Energy Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency will evolve over the next 10 years and reach 100% improvements compared to today’s figures both in the network and in the terminal?
• Majority (91%) think it will improve compared to 5G with (60%) seeing gains from 30-70% and (31%) seeing gains above 100%
• Almost no one think it will stay or decrease vs 5G today
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31,48%
59,26%
3,70%
5,56%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00%
Above 100%
Some 30%-70%
No gain (loss)
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Energy Efficiency Evolution
Insights – Positioning Accuracy
• Positioning Accuracy will evolve over the next 10 years to reach below 1 cm?
• Majority (63%) think positioning accuracy will improve to below 10 cm
• Nearly a quarter (24%) think it will go as low as below 1 cm
• Almost no one think it will stay below 100 cm (5G target)
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24,07%
62,96%
1,85%
11,11%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00%
Below 1 cm
Below 10 cm
Below 100 cm
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Positioning Accuracy Evolution
Insights – Target KPIs Refinement
KPI 5G NR (today) Target KPI in 6G (2030’ish) from EMPOWER
Reference [DOCOMO’s 6G Vision Whitepaper]
Spectrum 52.6 GHz Up to 500 GHz Up to 500 GHz
User data rate 100 Mbps Above 1Gbps NA (Peak data rate >100 Gps vs. A few 100 Gbps from EMPOWER)
Density 1 device per sqm Significantly above 2 devices per sqm
10 devices per sqm
Reliability 5 nines Above 8 nines Up to 7 nines
U-plane latency <1 ms <0.5 ms <1 ms
Energy efficiency NA 50%-100% gains vs 5G (Rel.16) Qualitative: Extreme low power including alternative charging
Positioning accuracy <1 m <10 cm NA
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Insights on Technology
Trends
Insights – Massive MIMO
• Massive MIMO will evolve over the
next 10 years to include many more
antenna elements utilizing AI-based
beamforming enabling significantly
higher spectrum utilization?
• Nearly 90% majority see Massive MIMO using some form of AI-based beamforming, with antenna array sizes from a few hundreds (47%) to the thousands (43%)
• Very few (8%) think it will have limited improvements compared to 5G today
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43,14%
47,06%
7,84%
1,96%
0,00%5,00%10,00%15,00%20,00%25,00%30,00%35,00%40,00%45,00%50,00%
Mature AI-based MIMO with 1000s elements
Simple AI-based MIMO with a few 100selements
Very limited or no MIMO improvements
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Massive MIMO Evolution
Insights – Waveforms
• During the next 10 years, the
transmitted waveform will adapt to
the propagation scenario and
application in real-time with short
latencies?
• Majority (47%) think it will continue to be OFDM-based with evolved numerology
• Nearly a third (34%) think there will be new agile waveforms
• No one think that the waveform will not evolve in some sort
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33,96%
47,17%
0,00%
18,87%
0,00%5,00%10,00%15,00%20,00%25,00%30,00%35,00%40,00%45,00%50,00%
New agile waveforms adapting in real-time
More flexible OFDM-based with evolvednumerology
No evolution needed
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Waveform Evolution
Insights – Integrated Access and Backhaul
• During the next 10 years, Integrated Access and Backhaulwill be the preferred transmission concept in wireless networks?
• Majority (64%) think there will be some use of IAB, but it will remain complementary (not dominant)
• A minority (18%) think IAB will mature and be widely used
• Very few (3%) think that IAB will not gain momentum
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17,86%
64,29%
3,57%
14,29%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00%
IAB mature and largely preferred
Some use of IAB but not dominant
IAB will not gain momentum
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
IAB Evolution
Insights – Power consumption/saving
• Battery-less low power devices and sensors will in 10 years be supported together with significant advances in power saving?
• Majority (56%) think ultra-low power devices using energy harvesting will be supported
• A third (31%) see more disruptive battery-less devices including support for wireless power transfer
• No one see only limited improvements in power saving
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31,48%
55,56%
0,00%
12,96%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Battery-less devices including WPT support
Ultra-low power devices using energy harvesting
Limited improvements in power saving
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Power Consumption/Saving Evolution
Insights – Multi-Connectivity
• Multi-connectivity across cellular and non-cellular technologies will reach maturity in 10 years and be implemented in networks and devices?
• Majority (82%) see multi-connectivity widely supported with some level of integration across wireless accesses
• A third (30%) see fully integrated multi-access using cognitive schemes
• No one see multi-connectivity continuing to be limited to within cellular multi-RATs only
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30,36%
51,79%
0,00%
17,86%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Full integrated access using cognition
Some level of integration between Multi-RAT andWiFi
Limited to cellular multi-RATs
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Multi-connectivity Evolution
Insights – Non-Terrestrial Networks
• Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)like low-orbit satellites (LEO) and high-altitude platforms (HAP) will in 10 years be operational and integrated and supported?
• Majority (75%) foresee NTNs integrated with terrestrial networks either partially (44%) or fully (31%)
• Almost no one (2%) think that NTNs will continue to be segregated from terrestrial networks
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31,48%
44,44%
1,85%
22,22%
0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00% 35,00% 40,00% 45,00% 50,00%
Fully integrated in one system
Limited integration for specific use
No integration, separate systems
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
NTNs Evolution
Insights – Wireless AI fusion
• In 10 years, Wireless AI fusion based on data collection and analytics rom the core, RAN and UE will be pervasive?
• Majority (83%) see wireless AI fusion happening, with (50%) foreseeing it will be pervasive in every plane and every layer including PHY, whereas (33%) foreseeing it will be limited to C-plane and U-plane higher layers
• Almost no one (2%) think that Wireless AI fusion will be limited to some data analytics in Core and RAN
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50,00%
33,33%
1,85%
14,81%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Pervasive to C/U-plane and every layer inc. PHY
Limited to C-plane and U-plane higher layers
Limited to data analytics from Core and RAN
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Wireless AI Fusion
Insights – Sensing and communications
• In 10 years, wireless networks will integrate sensing, imaging and radar to improve tracking, monitoring and positioning?
• Majority (91%) think sensing will be integrated in the network in some form, limited (48%) or full (43%)
• Almost no one (2%) think sensing will not be a function or service embedded in the network
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42,86%
48,21%
1,79%
7,14%
0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%
Full integration
Limited integration for specific functions
No integration (not a network function)
Neutral
Percentages
Vie
ws
Sensing and Communications
Insights – Top 10 technology trends
1. Wireless AI fusion (18%)
2. Sub-THz technology (14%)
3. Ultra-low power (12%)
4. Multi-access (10%)
5. Flying UEs/Nodes (8%)
6. Positioning (7%)
7. Holographic MIMO (7%)
8. IAB (6%)
9. Sensing and Comms (5%)
10.Advanced waveforms (5%)
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13,73%
6,54%
5,23%
3,92%
10,46%
5,88%
7,84%
12,42%
1,96%
17,65%
7,19%
5,23%
1,96%
0,00% 2,00% 4,00% 6,00% 8,00% 10,00% 12,00% 14,00% 16,00% 18,00% 20,00%
Sub-THz technology
Holographic MIMO
Advanced waveform
Unlicensed technology
Multi-access integration
Integrated Access and Backhaul
Flying UEs and nodes
Ultra-low power
NTN integration
Wireless AI fusion
Positioning
Sensing and communication
Other
Percentages
Vie
ws
Technology Trends by Popularity
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Take-aways
Take-aways
• The journey of 5G evolution has already begun in 3GPP!
• Visions for 6G are being laid out, performance targets and
technology trends are emerging
• Consensus emerging on 6G targeting extreme KPIs vs 5G today
(e.g. 500 GHz spectrum, 100s of Gbps peak rate, Gbps user rate,
0.5 ms latency, 8 nines reliability, etc.)
• Technology trends are emerging with noticeable popularity to
Wireless-AI fusion, Sub-THz, and Ultra-low power
• As ITU-R finalizes its IMT-2020 recommendations this year, it may be
timely to kick start ITU-R IMT-2030 planning now with the aim to set
a global vision and requirement for 6G by 2023
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Key References
1. EMPOWER project, www.advancedwireless.eu
2. A. Mourad, R. Yang, P.H. Lehner, and A. De La Oliva, “A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G”, Electronics 2020, February 2020 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020351
3. NTT DOCOMO, “5G Evolution and 6G”, Whitepaper, January 2020, DOCOMO_6G_White_PaperEN_20200124.pdf
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Acknowledgment to our Partners
40
www.advancedwireless.eu
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Thank You – Q&A
Alain MOURAD, PhDDirector Engineering R&D
InterDigital Europe Ltd.64 Great Eastern StreetLondon, EC2A 3QRUnited Kingdom
Contact:[email protected]
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