THE PEOPLES TO THE NORTH

Ben LoschJason EdwardsWill Rattray

HOPEWELL (200 AD - 500 AD) Traded with Gulf of Mexico & Rockies Knew metallurgy (copper) Employed artisans Social hierarchy

with a chief at the top.

HOPEWELL. The mounds were build for either defensive purposes or used as burial sites -Elaborate mounds of great size often organized into groups

HOPEWELL Tradition to represent effigies or animals Elaborate burial rituals Buried with personal items and weapons Beautiful pottery, pipes and effigies, luxury

items designed for the cult of the dead

MISSISSIPPIAN (800 AD – 1300 AD) Large settlements in Alabama and Illinois. Also ruled by a chief. New strains of maize. Focused more on

agriculture than predecessors.

MISSISSIPPIAN

They constructed mounds for fortifications and large pyramid platforms. They created temple mounds up to 100 feet high and used over 2 million cubic feet of earth to construct.

Much larger than the previous Hopewell people. Had large towns and urban centers, temple complexes and

Pyramid mounds

Cahokia (Illinois)

MISSISSIPPIAN Religious symbols and crops represent strong

Mesoamerican influence New cultivation techniques of maize, beans and

squash Importance of Corn Rulers able to mobilize labor

THE DESERT PEOPLES American Southwest. Retreated to high ground to escape tribes. Decline caused by draught. Relied on animals for food, rather than crops.

THE DESERT PEOPLES Each cultural region had their distinctive pottery The desert peoples initially lived in pit houses below the ground

but then moved to stone multiform dwellings that were usually protected by canyons and cliffs due to hostile neighbors. A distinctive feature of these dwellings are the kiva’s.

The culture spread from New Mexico, Colorado, Utah and Arizona

Both of these pictures come from the same region called the Anasazi. The pits in the dwellings are called kiva’s and were large stone pits used for religious meetings by men.

THE DESERT PEOPLES Maize was adapted to local

environment Later supplemented by beans and

squash Kivas Hundreds of miles of roads, up to forty

feet wide came from Chaco