EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

MAY 2012 – ISSUE 17

PLUS: INDUSTRY EVENTS – BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS AND MUCH MORE...

Processing Automation toIncrease ProfitabilityThe continued growth of the poultry market and the

increased demand from retailers and food service op-

erators for higher quality safe and wholesome prod-

ucts is placing more and more pressure on the

processor, writes editor-in-chief, Chris Harris.

The processing industry has also been driven by ever

increasing consolidation, which has seen more and

more small and medium sized operations either

merge or being swallowed up by larger companies.

Larger companies and bigger operations are being

met with demands from their customers for in-

creased output with strict portion and quality con-

trol.This feature is continued on page 4

May 2012 – Issue 17

Welfare Considerations Can beSignificant for Business – P6

From the time that birds arrive at the slaughter-

house to the time at which they have been slaugh-

tered, there are several key welfare considerations,

writes Paul Cook, director of RL Consulting.

Africa Outpaces Global Egg Growth – P9

Output continues to rise in Africa and Oceania,

writes market watcher, Terry Evans, in his latest

analysis of the egg industries in these two regions.

Processors Fighting the Battleagainst Pathogens – P15Poultry processing companies are fighting a contin-

ual battle to ensure that the products they produce

are wholesome and safe, ensuring that they are not

contaminated with foodborne pathogens when they

leave the plant, writes Chris Harris.

EDITORIAL 03

LATEST POULTRY INDUSTRY NEWS

Health & Welfare 24

Breeding & Genetics 28

Biosecurity & Hygiene 30

Feeding & Nutrition 32

Housing & Equipment 38

Incubation & Hatching 40

Processing & Packaging 42

INDUSTRY EVENTS 46

BUSINESS DIRECTORY 48

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2

Processing Automation toIncrease Profitability

P1

The continued growth of the poultry market and the increased demand

from retailers and food service operators for higher quality safe and

wholesome products is placing more and more pressure on the proces-

sor, writes editor-in-chief, Chris Harris.

COVER STORY

Poultry Drinking Water Primer – P18The importance of water, factors affecting water

consumption, water quality and management tips

are reviewed by Brian D. Fairchild and Casey W. Ritz,

Extension Poultry Scientists at the University of

Georgia.

In this issue, we turn our attention to the poultry processing sector, focusing

especially on the two top issues of food safety and welfare.

Continued growth of the poultry meat market and increased demand from

retailers and food service operators for higher quality safe and wholesome

products is placing more and more pressure on the processor. In our first

feature, editor-in-chief, Chris Harris, explains how processing automation can

improve profitability for the processor.

Moving on to welfare in the processing plant, consultant, Paul Cook, identifies

key considerations for bird well-being between their arrival at the facility and

slaughter.

Our overview of processing is completed by a look at food safety in poultry

meat and how companies have to fight a continual battle to ensure that their

products are wholesome and safe. Information from past recalls of poultry

products and research reveals that Listeria is a particular problem in this sec-

tor.

Our series analysing the poultry industry by region continues as regular con-

tributor, Terry Evans, examines the trends in the egg sectors in Africa and

Oceania. The recent annual rate of growth in output in Africa has been 3.4

per cent, well ahead of the global average of 2.2 per cent and most countries

have registered increases. New Zealand and Australia account for more than

90 per cent of the egg output from Oceania. While the latter dominates in

the region, production has grown by 40 per cent in New Zealand over the

last decade.

Completing this issue is a practical guide on water for poultry farmers, cov-

ering the importance of this ‘forgotten nutrient’ for the birds, aspects of water

quality and management tips from the University of Georgia.

Jackie Linden

Editorial

Processing

Jackie LindenThePoultrySite.com Senior Editor

jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com

CONTACTEditorialJackie Linden

jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com

Tel: +44 (0) 1234 818180

Advertising Enquiries

5M Enterprises Ltd., Benchmark House, 8 Smithy Wood

Drive, Sheffield, S35 1QN, England.

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3

Processing Automation to Increase Profitability

4

There are also new legislative and food safety de-

mands being placed on the processor from authori-

ties to meet new and ever tighter food safety and

hygiene regulations.

At the same time, the processor is also faced with a

shrinking workforce that is less skilled.

To achieve all these goals and to meet all these de-

mand, the processor is turning to more and more au-

tomation on the processing line and in most cases,

turn–key, complete line systems that can handle pro-

cessing from the arrival of the live birds through to

packaging and dispatch.

The quality, appearance and marketability of the end

product are affected at every stage of the poultry

processing line and this starts at slaughtering.

DELIVERING A CLEAN PRODUCT

The slaughtering department has to deliver a clean

product ready for evisceration and further process-

ing and problems that are encountered in slaughter-

ing will have a greater effect further down the line.

At the start of the slaughter process, whether the

stunning is by electric shock or through gas, the qual-

ity of the meat can be affected by the quality of the

stunning process.

When the stunning is conducted through electric

shock, the head of the bird passes through a water

bath and electrodes in the water bath and on the

shackles complete the electric circuit.

According to the Dutch poultry processing equip-

ment company, Meyn, if a high frequency stunning sys-

tem is applied, the current runs along the surface of

the product, decreasing the haemorrhaging and re-

ducing the damage to the carcase and improving

meat quality.

Birds may also be killed by exposure to appropriate

anoxic gas mixtures for durations that ensure that

they die before they are bled.

Controlled atmosphere stunning works by starving

the brain of oxygen, thereby resulting in death. The

permitted gas mixtures are designed to induce loss

of consciousness without undue distress. Birds can,

in some systems, be placed in the gas chamber whilst

they are still in their crates, thus reducing the amount

of handling stress. Moreover, they must be dead by

the time they are shackled, preventing the discomfort

of shackles and the distress of inversion on the poul-

try line.

If the birds are electrically stunned, they can then

travel through to an automatic neck incisor, where

the killing takes place, on the same line on which they

passed through the stunner. The advantage of an au-

tomatic process over previous hand slaughter meth-

ods are not only speed, but also that the incision on

each bird can be precise to allow the correct bleed-

ing, which again maintains the meat quality and also

has animal welfare advantages.

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION SPEEDS PROCESS TO

DEBONING

Following slaughter, many automatic slaughter lines

electrically stimulate the carcase to speed up the

maturation process to the stage where the carcase

can be deboned. The carcase stimulation removes the

need to keep the carcases in a chill room away from

the processing line until they have matured for

deboning.

According to Meyn, a stimulation time of 32 seconds

will produce a tender fillet within two hours and 45

minutes following slaughter.

As the carcases remain on the line following electrical

5

FEATURE ARTICLE

stimulation, they can then pass straight to the scald

tanks to prepare them for defeathering and hock and

feet cutting.

In the past, the evisceration was a long, slow and

labour–intensive process but with automation, the

process has become fast and able to handle high ca-

pacity with little labour and at the same time, in-

crease biosecurity and hygiene. The quality and speed

of the evisceration of the birds can have a direct ef-

fect on the stages down the line where further value

is added through cut-up and deboning, because it is

the stage that provides the basic raw material for

value–added products.

During the process, the carcases are prepared and

cleaned and on some lines, washed and even disin-

fected to ensure a highly safe commodity product is

presented for further processing. The ability of the

machines at the various stages of the evisceration

and cleaning process also to clean themselves pre-

vents the possibility of cross contamination.

The giblets can be harvested automatically for fur-

ther use and processing and the automation also al-

lows full traceability of batches of birds from the time

they enter the plant through to further processing.

Following the evisceration process, carcases can then

be automatically rehung on a new line to take them

through chilling in preparation for the cut up and

deboning stage.

GAINING MAXIMUM YIELD IN CUT–UP AND

DEBONING

The greatest value to the chicken carcase is added in

the cut-up and deboning stage of processing and it is

at this stage that maximum yield has to be achieved.

Both retailers and food service customers are now

demanding specific cuts for specific products and the

processor can now meet these high demands

through automatic systems that precisely carry out

the same cutting operation time after time, at high

speed and with little need for highly skilled labour.

Automated machines can meet the demands of food

service operators that require a carcase in eight or

nine pieces, trimmed with fat cut off and dark meat

separated in large quantities. The lines can portion

product and debone everything from breast meat to

legs and thighs and at the same time scan the prod-

ucts for particles of bone.

The systems also automatically reject product that

might have bone fragments or might not meet the

weight specifications helping to ensure complete

quality control to achieve optimum yield. Automatic

grading of product and data capture along the line

give full traceability and modern logistics systems

linked to the automatic processing can also identify

and order specific product for specific customers.

New and developing automated processing systems

are now allowing companies to meet the growing and

changing consumer demands for innovative products

and at the same time increase their margins and prof-

itability.

6

Welfare Considerations Can be Significant for Business

From the time that birds arrive at the slaughterhouse

to the time at which they have been slaughtered,

there are several key welfare considerations, writes

Paul Cook, director of RL Consulting.

On arrival at the slaughterhouse, the birds on the ve-

hicle should be checked to ensure that there are no

immediate signs of distress. Extreme weather condi-

tions can cause particular problems. In hot weather,

look out for birds that are panting excessively and

for any incidences of Dead on Arrivals. In cold

weather, look out for birds that are wet and huddled.

Again, look out for any dead birds and, in any situa-

tion where you have a concern, it is essential to con-

sult with the veterinary officer to review whether

the slaughter of the load should be prioritised.

Birds will normally be held in the lairage whilst await-

ing processing. It is good practice to check the birds

on a regular basis whilst they are waiting in the lairage

and also check that appropriate ventilation/cooling

equipment is operational. If there are several holding

areas in the lairage, it is useful to record in which po-

sition each load has been stored to analyse whether

there are problem areas within the facility.

Having been safely held in the lairage, the birds will

then be moved to the hang-on point. Ensure that the

baskets/modules are handled carefully and that all op-

erations are completed smoothly. The hang-on point

Feature Article

Welfare Considerations Can beSignificant for Business

“The slaughter line can havesignificant effects on both thewelfare of the birds and thequality of the finished carcase”

Paul Cook, RL Consulting

7

is critical to the birds' welfare. There must be enough

staff available to ensure that the birds can be handled

correctly. Staff must be trained to shackle birds with

minimal force and ensure that both the bird's legs are

located in the shackles. As part of the shackling

process staff should be encouraged to momentarily

calm each bird by placing a hand on the bird's back.

Good shackling practice will not only reduce bird

stress, but also minimise flapping that can cause

haemorrhages in the breast muscle, so adversely af-

fecting quality. The member of the hang-on team clos-

est to the basket-wash should ensure that all baskets

are empty before they are released.

The line should be designed with a breast comforter,

which is adjusted so that the bird's breast remains in

constant contact with the comforter from hang-on

to stun. It is good practice to take time to watch the

line from hang to stun to ensure that there are no

points at which the birds start to flap or vocalise. Pay

particular attention to corners and work with the

engineers to modify any points where problems are

identified. The breast comforter may gradually be

pushed backwards with time and may need re-adjust-

ing periodically.

Entry into the stunner is one of the most critical

points along the line. The design should ensure that

the birds enter into the water bath in one smooth

movement. Once again, time needs to be spent ob-

serving the behaviour of the birds, looking out for

flapping and vocalisation. If not designed and set cor-

rectly, birds can be seen to lift themselves in the

shackles and 'fly' down the bath, once again compro-

mising welfare and affecting product quality. Problems

can occur due to many reasons, such as the entry

ramp causing the birds to receive a pre-stun shock,

poor ramp design or the bath not being correctly ad-

justed for the size of the birds. Once again, it is es-

sential to work with your engineers to solve any

issues.

The final welfare checks should be made at the exit

of the stunner. Firstly, ensure that all birds are

stunned and there are no small birds that have

missed the bath completely. These should not be

caught on the farm and certainly should not be

shackled. Check that the stun is effective by looking

at the posture of the birds, nictitating eyelid reflex,

signs of regular breathing and more extreme reac-

tions such as spontaneous blinking or vocalisation.

Checks should be made on every batch processed to

ensure that the stun is effective and consistent. The

birds should move immediately to the neck cut. Once

again, it is good practice to check the efficiency of the

cut on a regular basis, especially if this is automatic.

Back-up slaughtermen must always be in place to en-

sure that 100 per cent of the birds are stunned and

bled effectively.

In summary, the slaughter line can have significant ef-

fects on both the welfare of the birds and the quality

of the finished carcase. It is a good investment to take

time to look at the slaughter line in detail as the ben-

efits to the bird and to your business can be signifi-

cant.

FEATURE ARTICLE

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Africa Outpaces Global Egg Growth

8

9

FEATURE ARTICLE

EGG PRODUCTION IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Africa accounts for only a little over four per cent of world egg production (table

1). However, its rate of growth, averaging 3.4 per cent a year between 2000 and

2010, easily outstripped the global figure of 2.2 per cent (table 2). Looking ahead,

production in this region will continue to increase with output reaching at least

2.8 million tonnes in 2012 and possibly topping three million tonnes by 2015.

Global egg output should come close to 65 million tonnes in 2012 (table 1), of

which, Africa could produce 2.8 million tonnes or 4.3 per cent.

Just five countries, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Morocco and Algeria accounted for

1.83 million tonnes of eggs or 69 per cent of the regional total in 2010 (table 3).

However, it is noteworthy that of the 53 countries in the region, only five failed to

produce more eggs in 2010 than in 2000; one of these – Morocco – was in the top

five.

For most of these countries, the rate of growth has been moderate but increases

of more than 50 per cent were recorded in nine (table 2). Among the smaller pro-

ducing nations, Benin’s industry appears to have recorded a massive expansion of

more than seven per cent a year, while in Guinea the increase was only a little less

than this.

It might be pertinent here to underline the point that in many developing countries

around the world, a question mark hangs over the accuracy of the data, which is

why the trend in production may be a better guide as to what is happening in an

industry rather than paying too much attention to the output figures in any one

year. Should the figures be important to your needs, it would be wise to examine

more closely the source of the data and also to look to alternative assessments.

After growing over the period 2000 to 2007, production in Morocco has since

contracted such that the estimate of output in 2010 of 230,000 tonnes was some

5,000 tonnes less than 10 years earlier.

Global Poultry Trends

Output continues to rise in Africa and Oceania, writes market watcher, Terry Evans,

in his latest analysis of the egg industries in these two regions.

Africa Outpaces GlobalEgg Growth

The leading producer in the region is Nigeria where

output, according to the Food and Agriculture Or-

ganization (FAO) data (table 2) expanded by some

56 per cent in the decade to 2010 to reach 623,000

tonnes or some 23 per cent of the total for Africa. It

should be noted that the FAO-based production data

in tables 1 to 3 relate to all hen eggs and includes

output from backyard and hatchery flocks as well as

commercial table egg operations.

According to the FAO, the total number of layers in

Nigeria exceeded 153 million in 2010. However, the

representative from Nigeria at last year’s annual

meeting of the International Egg Commission (IEC)

stated that the number of layers totalled just 90 mil-

lion, though it is possible that this related just to the

Africa Outpaces Global Egg Growth

10

commercial sector. Virtually all the eggs produced are

brown and it is estimated that around 70 per cent are

housed in cages, the remaining 30 per cent being kept

in barns.

South Africa is the second largest producer, annual

output having risen by some 135,000 tonnes or 43

per cent between 2000 and 2010. IEC figures indicate

that the commercial table egg flock in 2010 amounted

to some 23 million producing almost 388,000 tonnes

of eggs. In 2011, the flock is considered to have grown

to 24 million with production up by 3.6 per cent to

19.2 million cases. Based on an average egg weight of

a little over 58g, table egg production will have

amounted to a record of almost 402,00 tonnes last

year. The split between brown and white layers was

Region 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011F 2012FAfrica 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8

Americas 10.4 11.6 12.2 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.7 12.9 12.9

Asia 29.1 32.8 33.2 34.8 36.3 37.0 37.5 38.1 38.7

Europe 9.5 9.9 10.1 10.0 10.3 10.3 10.5 10.3 10.2

Oceania 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

WORLD 51.2 56.7 58.1 59.7 61.8 62.7 63.6 64.3 64.9

Source to 2010: FAO

Figure 1. Egg production trends in Africa and selected African countries ('000 tonnes)

Table 1. World egg production by region (million tonnes)

11

Countries producing less than 50 tonnes have been excludedSource: FAO

FEATURE ARTICLE

Country 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Algeria 101.0 175.0 178.5 195.7 184.4 185.0 189.0

Angola 4.3 5.2 4.3 4.5 4.9 4.5 4.5

Benin 6.9 7.2 10.1 10.9 13.8 13.1 14.0

Botswana 3.2 4.2 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.5

Burkina Faso 39.4 45.1 46.3 47.5 48.7 51.1 52.0

Burundi 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0

Cameroon 12.6 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.9 14.9 15.0

Cape Verde 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

Central African Rep. 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

Chad 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Comoros 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Congo 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6

Cote d'Ivoire 33.0 28.7 27.9 25.0 30.4 30.0 32.0

Dem. Rep. Congo 7.0 6.9 7.7 8.0 8.7 8.7 8.9

Egypt 176.7 252.3 240.0 279.0 355.5 333.3 335.8

Equatorial Guinea 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

Eritrea 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9

Ethiopia 28.6 35.0 37.5 36.0 34.0 30.9 35.1

Gabon 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.1

Gambia 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Ghana 21.7 25.2 27.8 31.3 33.7 36.7 36.7

Guinea 12.2 18.6 19.7 20.9 22.2 23.5 23.5

Guinea-Bissau 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Kenya 60.7 57.9 66.7 68.6 76.6 81.0 80.6

Lesotho 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Liberia 4.2 3.6 4.5 5.0 5.8 5.0 5.2

Libya 60.0 63.1 64.6 60.0 60.0 62.2 62.5

Madagascar 14.9 16.7 15.3 15.5 15.8 16.2 16.1

Malawi 19.5 20.2 19.5 19.8 20.0 20.3 20.2

Mali 11.9 10.1 10.4 10.7 14.1 13.7 13.9

Mauritania 4.7 4.3 5.4 4.9 5.9 5.6 5.4

Mauritius 12.5 13.0 12.2 11.7 11.0 10.0 10.0

Morocco 235.0 225.1 244.0 259.4 192.4 200.0 230.0

Mozambique 12.4 14.6 14.1 14.3 13.5 13.6 14.5

Namibia 1.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4

Niger 7.8 8.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 8.0 8.3

Nigeria 400.0 500.4 526.4 552.8 581.0 612.6 623.4

Reunion 5.1 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.5 5.9 6.7

Rwanda 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9

Sao Tome/Principe 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Senegal 17.6 27.0 28.0 27.8 27.7 26.7 29.6

Seychelles 2.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1

Sierra Leone 8.0 9.2 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0

Somalia 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.4

South Africa 318.0 365.5 414.0 438.0 473.0 450.0 453.0

Sudan 45.0 49.8 50.9 52.4 53.6 54.8 55.9

Swaziland 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2

Togo 6.3 8.0 7.3 8.1 8.7 9.3 9.4

Tunisia 82.0 84.0 83.0 87.0 89.0 88.0 90.8

Uganda 20.4 22.5 22.5 22.6 22.8 23.0 23.1

United Rep. Tanzania 33.8 36.3 36.6 36.9 37.0 37.4 37.7

Zambia 39.2 42.3 42.8 42.5 42.8 45.0 49.5

Zimbabwe 22.0 25.9 26.9 27.6 29.3 29.8 29.6

AFRICA 1,916.1 2,262.9 2,367.8 2,498.9 2,591.0 2,594.9 2,668.5WORLD 51,213.8 56,681.7 58,074.9 59,702.1 61,793.2 62,732.7 63,571.5

Table 2. Hen egg production in Africa ('000 tonnes)

Africa Outpaces Global Egg Growth

12

25:75, with some 86 per cent of the flock in cages the

remainder being kept on free range.

The Southern African Poultry Association (SAPA) is

reviewing its Code of Practice to bring it into line with

international standards and best practice. Recent years

have seen great emphasis being put on animal health

precautionary measures, disease surveillance and con-

trol, in order to reduce the incidence of disease and

minimise the impact of outbreaks should they occur.

As in most countries around the world, South Africa’s

egg industry is being affected by international factors,

including rising feed ingredient costs. While production

in South Africa has stagnated latterly, current lower

prices for maize (corn), soybeans and day-old chicks

when compared to 2011, are more than offsetting dis-

appointing prices for table eggs. With this brighter out-

look, profits should strengthen leading to an upward

movement in egg production back towards the 2008

record.

Although production in Egypt doubled between 2000

and 2008 to reach 356,000 tonnes, it has since de-

clined a shade to 336,000 tonnes in 2010. It is consid-

ered that commercial units provide some 70 per cent

of output, the remainder being classified as backyard

or Balady operations. While commercial flocks pro-

duce between 240 and 270 eggs per year, Balady birds

yield between 170 and 180 eggs. While the average egg

weight in the commercial flocks is put at between 60

to 65g, Balady eggs usually average between 45 and

50g.

Despite some growth to 2007, the egg industry in Mo-rocco has been stable in the following years until

2010, when output at 230,000 tonnes was marginally

below the 2000 level. A report issued last year indi-

cated that the US Grains Council (USGC) had agreed

to work with the Moroccan Poultry Association (FISA)

to help promote eggs.

OUTPUT OF OCEANIA‘S EGG INDUSTRY

Egg production in Oceania expanded by 2.4 per cent

a year between 2000 and 2010 as output escalated

from a little less than 200,000 tonnes to almost

254,000 tonnes although this still represented only 0.4

per cent of the world total. Source: FAO

CountryNigeria 623.4

South Africa 453.0

Egypt 335.8

Morocco 230.0

Algeria 189.0

Tunisia 90.8

Kenya 80.6

Libya 62.5

Sudan 55.9

Burkina Faso 52.0

Zambia 49.5

United Rep. Tanzania 37.7

Ghana 36.7

Ethiopia 35.1

Cote d'Ivoire 32.0

Zimbabwe 29.6

Senegal 29.6

Guinea 23.5

Uganda 23.1

Malawi 20.2

Madagascar 16.1

Cameroon 15.0

Mozambique 14.5

Benin 14.0

Mali 13.9

Mauritius 10.0

Togo 9.4

Sierra Leone 9.0

Dem. Rep. Congo 8.9

Niger 8.3

Reunion 6.7

Mauritania 5.4

Liberia 5.2

Botswana 4.5

Angola 4.5

Chad 4.0

Namibia 3.4

Burundi 3.0

Rwanda 2.9

Somalia 2.4

Gabon 2.1

Cape Verde 2.1

Eritrea 1.9

Central African Rep. 1.9

Lesotho 1.7

Congo 1.6

Guinea-Bissau 1.3

Swaziland 1.2

Seychelles 1.1

Gambia 0.9

Comoros 0.8

Sao Tome/Principe 0.5

Equatorial Guinea 0.5

Table 3. Egg production ranking in Africa in 2010

('000 tonnes)

13

Countries producing less than 50 tonnes have been excludedSource: FAO

FEATURE ARTICLE

Country 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia 143.0 138.6 171.3 161.7 160.0 159.3 174.0

Fiji 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 5.7

French Polynesia 1.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.0

Guam 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

Kiribati 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Micronesia 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

New Caledonia 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.0

New Zealand 43.0 50.9 51.0 46.6 53.2 54.6 60.3

Papua New Guinea 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.5

Samoa 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Solomon Isl. 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

Tonga 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Vanuatu 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

OCEANIA 199.4 205.3 238.3 223.9 229.4 230.8 253.8

WORLD 51,213.8 56,681.7 58,074.9 59,702.1 61,793.2 62,732.7 63,571.5

Australia and New Zealand combined account for

more than 92 per cent of the regional total, hence

developments in these two countries are the key de-

terminants of the overall trend.

The rate of expansion in New Zealand has been al-

most double that recorded by Australia, so New

Zealand’s share of the regional total has increased

from 21.6 per cent in 2000 to 23.8 per cent in 2010,

while Australia’s stake has slipped from 71.7 per cent

to 68.6 per cent.

Production in Australia, based on FAO statistics,

rose by 22 per cent between 2000 and 2010 to reach

174,000 tonnes. However, the FAO statistics are well

out of line with the data published by the Australian

Egg Corporation Ltd (AECL). This organisation states

that there were some 332 laying farms in the country

with a total flock of some 16.4 million in 2010. Out-

put came close to 263,000 tonnes of eggs. For 2011,

AECL considers production to have been in the re-

gion of 280,000 tonnes. In 2010, 68 per cent of the

flock was in cages, 25 per cent on free–range and

seven per cent in barns. The free–range sector has

expanded fairly rapidly and in 2010, it is considered

to have accounted for 28 per cent of all the eggs sold

retail.

New Zealand’s industry managed to increase pro-

duction by 40 per cent in the decade to 2010 as out-

put climbed to exceed 60,000 tonnes. Data from the

Egg Producers Federation of New Zealand (EPF) in-

dicates that production in 2010 topped one billion

eggs for the first time. This is equivalent to an output

of around 63,000 tonnes. Almost 87 per cent of the

flock is in cages with 11 per cent on free range and

2.5 per cent in barn systems.

An Animal Welfare (Layer Hens) Code has been

drafted and is currently being considered by the Na-

tional Animal Welfare Advisory Committee

(NAWAC). After this organisation’s deliberations, the

Code will go to the Minister of Primary Industries

for consideration. Under the provisions of this new

Code, conventional cages will be discontinued in

favour of the enriched colony cage systems. The in-

dustry is asking for a 15–year transition period be-

cause of the extra costs involved in making the

required changes although estimates of the actual

time that may be given currently range from 10 to 15

years.

While it is reasonable to assume that the egg indus-

tries in Oceania will continue to expand, the annual

rate of growth will likely be less than two per cent

pointing to an output in the range of 275,000 to

280,000 tonnes by 2015.

Egg products account for around 10 per cent of the

region's shell egg output; the bulk will be manufac-

tured in Australia.

Table 4. Hen egg production in Oceania ('000 tonnes)

Processors Fighting the Battle against Pathogens

14

15

FEATURE ARTICLE

The introduction of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) systems

in the manufacturing process help to reduce the potential for incidents of food

poisoning.

However, despite strong hygiene regimes and the strictest food safety practices,

incidents of food poisoning still occur.

And these incidents are not only a danger to consumers producing illness and

sometimes death, they are also highly costly to the company.

According the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), food-borne illnesses in the US

cause about 300,000 cases where people have to be taken to hospital and 5,000

deaths every year in the United States.

Food recalls cost food companies dearly each year in loss of production and also

loss of reputation. In some cases, the loss to the company can be so great that it

is forced out of business.

RECALLS COST US $7 BILLION

In the US, the economy haemorrhages about $7 billion every year due to these

recalls and the foodborne illnesses.

The recall costs, which include getting food off shelves, handling lawsuits, revamping

plants and repairing public relations, can be huge for companies.

On top of this, the company has to rebuild its reputation and rebuild sales.

Feature Article

Poultry processing companies are fighting a continual battle to ensure that the prod-

ucts they produce are wholesome and safe, ensuring that they are not contaminated

with foodborne pathogens when they leave the plant, writes Chris Harris.

Processors Fighting theBattle against Pathogens

In the last quarter of 2011, food recalls across the

United States increased by 50 per cent and affected

more than 80 per cent more companies and plants

compared to the previous three-month period, ac-

cording to the quarterly ExpertRecall index pub-

lished by Stericycle ExpertRecall.

The most common pathogens that lead to food re-

calls around the world are Salmonella, Campylobac-

ter, E. coli and Listeria.

In August last year, a Salmonella outbreak caused

Cargill to voluntarily recall 36 million pounds of

ground turkey. Cargill initiated the recall after learn-

ing that the US Centers for Disease Control had de-

tected an outbreak of Salmonella-related illnesses.

LISTERIA: PARTICULAR PROBLEM FOR POULTRY

PROCESSORS

Listeria has been discovered to be a particular prob-

lem in poultry processing and further processing

plants.

Processors Fighting the Battle against Pathogens

16

The most disruptive recalls in the last decade have

been at Maple Leaf Foods in Canada and at Pilgrims'

Pride in the US although more recently, there have

been serious foodborne illness outbreaks related to

Listeria in other products including cantaloupe mel-

ons from a California farm and from bean sprouts

distributed in Germany.

The outbreak at Maple Leaf Foods' Bartor Road Plant

led to the recall of 191 products in 2008. The out-

break led to severe illness and loss of life among

those who had eaten the products.

Maple Leaf was forced to close the plant for a period

and it forced the introduction of a completely new

protocol for handling product.

The measures the company had to take includes tak-

ing more than 1,000 swabs for testing, disassembling

and sanitising all the company's slicing machines and

retraining staff in food safety.

Recent studies in the US have shown that poultry

17

FEATURE ARTICLE

processing plants can be reservoirs for Listeria in

particular.

Research by the USDA Agricultural Research Service

at the Russell Research Center in Georgia looked at

the potential sources of Listeria monocytogenes in a

newly built chicken further processing plant.

To discover the colonisation of Listeria in the plant,

the research team took samples from floor drains

after a production shift and after wash down over

21 months.

By testing a brand-new commercial cooking facility

before and after processing began, the research team

was able to track sources of contamination.

The researchers, led by ARS microbiologist Mark

Berrang of the Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimi-

crobial Resistance Research Unit at the agency's

Richard B. Russell Research Center in Athens, Geor-

gia, found that there was no Listeria contamination

in the plant before production was started.

However, the team had pinpointed potential sources

of L. monocytogenes to the plant including incoming

raw meat, incoming fresh air and personnel. Nearby

environment and community samples were also ex-

amined.

All L. monocytogenes detected were subjected to

DNA sequence-based subtyping.

RAW POULTRY MEAT SOURCE OF LISTERIA IN

PROCESSING PLANTS

Potential sources of L. monocytogenes were tested by

taking samples of soil and water around and near the

facility exterior, and by testing heavily travelled floor

surfaces following personnel shift changes. Samples

were also collected and tested from incoming air

from air vent filters and from monthly swabs of in-

coming raw meat.

Floor drains in the facility were sampled approxi-

mately monthly to determine at what point the plant

would become colonised with the bacteria. Within

four months of operation, L. monocytogenes was de-

tected in floor drains, indicating that the organism

had been introduced from some outside source.

No L. monocytogenes was recovered from any floor

samples in the plant entryways, locker room or cafe-

teria. Likewise, the organism was not detected on air

vent filters during the survey. The only tested source

found to be consistently positive for L. monocytogeneswas incoming raw poultry meat.

Quality assurance in the test plant was exceptional

and included an extensive proactive sampling plan to

assure food safety. L. monocytogenes can become preva-

lent in food processing environments; sanitation,

biosafety and product sampling protocols are in place

in these facilities to prevent shipping contaminated

product.

One subtype of L. monocytogenes was detected in a

natural stream near the plant. However, this subtype

was never detected inside the plant.

Eight subtypes of L. monocytogenes were detected in

raw meat staged for further processing; one of the raw

meat subtypes was indistinguishable from a persistent

drain subtype recovered after cleaning on eight occa-

sions in four different drains.

The research finding concluded that poultry further

processing plants are likely to become colonised with

L. monocytogenes and that the raw product is an im-

portant source of the organism to the plant.

18

Laying Hens go Undercover to Improve Production

Feature Article

Poultry Drinking Water PrimerThe importance of water, factors affecting water

consumption, water quality and management tips are

reviewed by Brian D. Fairchild and Casey W. Ritz, Ex-

tension Poultry Scientists at the University of

Georgia.

Water is a critical nutrient that receives little atten-

tion until a problem arises. Not only should produc-

ers make an effort to provide water in adequate

quantity, they should also know what is in the water

that will be flowing through the water lines to be

used in evaporative cooling systems and consumed

by the birds.

WATER FUNCTIONS

Water is needed for bird consumption, reducing air

temperature (including evaporative cooling pad and

fogging systems) and facility sanitation. Broilers con-

sume approximately 1.6 to 2.0 times as much water

as feed on a weight basis. Water is a critical nutrient

in bird metabolism and nutrition. From a physiology

perspective, water consumed by the bird is used for

nutrient transportation, enzymatic and chemical re-

actions in the body, body temperature regulation and

lubrication of joints and organs.

There is a strong relationship between feed and water

consumption, therefore, water can be used to moni-

tor flock performance. Many of the electronic con-

trollers in poultry houses have the ability to monitor

daily water consumption and have inputs for multiple

water meters. This would allow a water meter to be

installed separately on the lines supplying water to

19

FEATURE ARTICLE

to the front and rear of the house. Bird uniformity

between the front and back of the house can be mon-

itored using water consumption. Water consumption

will be greater in the area of the house that has more

birds. When birds are not distributed evenly between

the front and back of the house it increases the com-

petition for feed and water space. This, combined with

the extra heat from excessive numbers of birds, can

reduce bird performance.

FACTORS AFFECTING WATER CONSUMPTION

There are several factors that affect water consump-

tion:

Bird age:Water consumption increases with age but

decreases as a percentage of body weight.

Environmental temperature/heat stress: Birds

consume more water as temperature increases. One

of the main ways birds regulate body temperature is

by evaporating water through the respiratory system

during panting. As birds pant, water is lost and needs

to be replaced in order to maintain body-water bal-

ance. Water consumption can double and even triple

during periods of heat stress. Water consumption in

broilers increases approximately seven per cent for

each degree Fahrenheit increase in temperature.

A study at the University of Georgia examined the

relationship of feed consumption to water consump-

tion of seven consecutive flocks on a commercial

broiler farm. As temperatures increased, the water

consumed per pound of feed consumed also in-

creased (Table 1).

Water temperature: Several studies have exam-

ined the effects of providing cool water to birds dur-

Lb of water per pound of feed

Cold weather 1.55

Mild weather 1.65

Hot weather 1.75

Table 1. Water consumption response to different

weather conditions

Poultry Drinking Water Primer

20

during hot weather. In most of these studies, water

temperature has improved the performance of broil-

ers and layers. Any water temperature below the

body temperature of the bird will be beneficial. The

water consumed will help dissipate body heat and

aid the bird in body temperature regulation. How-

ever, it is very difficult to cool the water significantly

when moving the water hundreds of feet down a

house.

Electrolytes: During periods of potential heat

stress, many producers supplement drinking water

with electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals that can

be found in the blood and are important for normal

cell function and growth. Electrolytes, as the name

implies, help regulate nerve and muscle function by

conducting electrical signals from nerves to muscles.

Electrolytes are also important for the acid-base bal-

ance of the blood and fluid retention. Some of the

electrolytes found in blood plasma include sodium

(Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),

chlorine (Cl), bicarbonate (HCO3) and sulphate

(SO4). The addition of the electrolytes not only re-

plenishes those depleted during heat stress, but also

stimulates water consumption. When the results of

these are added together (electrolyte intake and in-

creased water consumption), the mortality due to

heat stress can be reduced.

Lighting programmes: Light is another environ-

mental factor that can influence bird water consump-

tion. Birds will not drink if they are not eating and

vice versa. During dark periods, the birds rest and as

a result do not consume water. The exception is long

dark periods. In dark periods exceeding eight hours,

it is not unusual to see some water consumption

register on the water meter. In operations that utilise

lighting programmes, two distinct water consump-

tion peaks can be observed. The first peak is just

after the lights come on (dawn) and the second is

just prior to lights turning off (dusk).

The correlation of water consumption with feed in-

take and many environmental factors indicate its im-

portance in bird metabolism and body function.

Efforts should be made in all poultry operations to

ensure that adequate and unlimited access to water

is provided. Failure to do so will result in reduced

feed intake, poor egg production, reduced growth

and reduced feed efficiency.

WATER QUALITY

While water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen

molecules (H2O), it is a universal solvent and as a re-

sult can contain many minerals and compounds. The

only sure way to get pure water is to use distillation

or other treatment methods to remove dissolved

minerals and compounds. This can be expensive con-

sidering the volume of water a typical broiler farm

consisting of four or more houses would consume.

Water treatment should be done based on the re-

sults of water quality analysis. While poultry drinking

water does not have to be pure, heavily contaminated

water is undesirable.

Water composition varies with geographical region

as the nature of the geological makeup changes.

Water contamination can occur if surface water

drains into the well. All farms should submit water

samples to a qualified laboratory for testing to estab-

lish a baseline for water quality. This will help produc-

ers determine if and what water treatment might be

warranted.

Water quality should be of concern to all poultry op-

erations. Poor water quality may interfere with diges-

tion and subsequent bird performance. The

effectiveness of vaccines and medications adminis-

tered through the water lines could be reduced when

water quality is poor. Water contaminants could cre-

ate equipment problems that would either restrict

the amount of water available for consumption or

the effectiveness of the evaporative cooling and fog-

ging systems. Reduced water consumption or cooling

capacity may have detrimental effects on both growth

and reproduction. Poor water quality could also re-

sult in leaky water nipples inside the house, which

will wet litter and lead to increased ammonia pro-

duction. Poor litter quality and high ammonia can re-

sult in reduced performance and livability.

Standards for water quality should include factors

that affect taste, solid buildup within water systems

and toxicity. Factors that should be observed for

poultry production include, but are not limited to

those listed in Tables 2 and 3.

21

FEATURE ARTICLE

Color Water is colourless and any colour in the water may indicate an increased contamination level.

Turbidity Particles such as clay, silt, sand or organic material in suspension can cause the water to appear cloudy or muddy.

Turbid water can cause leaky nipples and clog fogging nozzles.

Hardness Calcium and magnesium salts cause the water to be “hard” and can lead to scale and sludge buildup within water

lines. Hardness reduces the effectiveness of soaps, disinfectants and the administration of some medications.

Iron (Fe) Iron will stain almost everything it contacts, and it is a common water quality issue. Recent studies indicate that Fe in

the water does not appear to affect poultry health. However, some of the Fe may form solid particulates such as

iron oxide, which can lead to equipment problems. These small particles can lead to leaky nipples and block fogging

nozzle openings. Either of these conditions can have negative impacts on poultry production. Iron bacteria are more

likely to thrive in water with high Fe concentrations. As a result, biofilm build-up can occur, which can obstruct

nipple drinkers and promote pathogen proliferation.

Manganese (Mg) While Mg itself does not cause a negative effect on poultry health, like iron, it can form solid particulates that can re-

sult in leaky nipples and stop up foggers.

Nitrate (N) Elevated N concentrations are indicative of decaying organic material and have been correlated with poor oxygen

utilization in animals, but recent studies observed no differences in broiler performance with nitrate levels as high as

600 ppm. Presence of nitrate is a good indicator that water should be checked for bacteria.

pH The pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. A scale from 0 to 14 is used to measure pH. A value of 7.0 is neutral, val-

ues less than 7.0 are acidic and values greater than 7.0 are basic. A pH of 6.0 to 6.8 is preferred for broiler produc-

tion; however, birds can tolerate a pH range of 4 to 8. A pH greater than 8 could result in reduced water

consumption.

Alkalinity Alkalinity is caused by calcium carbonate, bicarbonate or sulphate. High alkalinity increases the buffering capacity of

water.

Total solids Total solids represent the total amount of solid material in both suspension and solution. Total solids are not directly

linked to any poultry health issues. However, equipment function and water delivery could be negatively affected by

the presence of total solids, which could influence bird performance.

Toxic compounds The amount will vary depending on the compound; however, elements such as lead, selenium and arsenic should be

kept below 1.0 ppm to prevent bird health problems and residues.

Dissolved oxygen Normal ground water concentrations have little or no dissolved oxygen. Concentrations greater than zero are in-

dicative of possible surface water influence.

Bacteria Bacteria levels should be kept to a minimum (see Table 3.)

Many of the water quality standards for poultry

drinking water were originally developed from those

for human drinking water. Few of the standards rec-

ommended today are based on research utilizing

broiler or layers.

Recently, a series of studies has been conducted ex-

amining the effects of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), ni-

trates (NO3) and pH levels in drinking water on

poultry performance. The results of these studies

have found that very high levels of Fe, Mn and NO3

do not impact broiler health. In those studies no dif-

ferences in performance were noted due to 600ppm

of Fe, 600ppm of NO3 and 20ppm of Mn.

It should be noted that the water lines were thor-

oughly flushed between studies and that particulates

that result from high Fe and Mn levels can lead to

equipment problems such as leaky nipples and

clogged fogging nozzles. Broiler performance is more

likely to be affected by improper equipment function

rather than bird health due to high concentrations

of these substances. Poor water quality can lead to in-

creased microbial growth (such as iron bacteria) and

biofilm build-up.

Bacteria

Total Heterotrophic Bacteria

Coliform Bacteria

100 CFU/100 ml

50 CFU/100 ml

pH 6.0 – 8.0

Hardness 110 ppm

Naturally Occurring CompoundsCalcium

Chloride

Copper

Iron*

Magnesium

Manganese**

Nitrate***

Phosphorus

Potassium

Sodium

Sulphate

500 ppm

250 ppm

0.6 ppm

0.03 ppm

125 ppm

0.05 ppm

25 ppm

0.1 ppm

500 ppm

50 ppm

250 ppm

* Iron as high as 600ppm has been shown to not affect bird health, but will have

detrimental effects on water lines and fogging systems (Fairchild et al., 2005).

** Manganese as high as 20 ppm has been reported to not affect bird health, but can have

negative effects on water lines and fogging systems (Batal et al., 2005).

*** Nitrates as high as 600 ppm have been shown to not affect bird health (unpublished

data).

Table 3. The following table may be used as a guide for drinking water

quality for poultry

Table 2. Drinking water quality characteristics

Poultry Drinking Water Primer

22

WATER MANAGEMENT TIPS

Conduct water tests

Each farm should have its well water tested. Water

quality can change during periods of heavy rain or

drought and additional water tests during these pe-

riods will ensure that water lines continue to deliver

adequate water volume for both the birds and the

cooling systems. County agents can provide more in-

formation on the tests available, provide information

on fees for testing and submit samples to the Agri-

cultural and Environmental Services Laboratory at

the University of Georgia.

Change filters regularly

Sediment and other particulates can cause leaky

water nipples that can have negative effects on litter

quality. Clogged filters restrict water flow to the

drinker and cooling systems. In some cases, simple

cartridge filters may not be adequate, such as for

water with high iron. In those cases other water

treatments will need to be considered.

Flush water lines regularly

A high pressure flush should be performed on water

lines between each flock and after adding supple-

ments through the medicator, e.g. vaccines, medica-

tions, vitamins, electrolytes, etc.

Plan ahead before treating water

Before implementing water treatment or sanitation

programmes, consult your county agent to ensure

that contaminants in your water will not react neg-

atively and cause the water system to become

clogged.

REFERENCES

Batal, A.B., B.D. Fairchild, C.W. Ritz and P.F. Vendrell,

2005. The effect of water manganese on broiler

growth performance. Poultry Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1.).

Bell, D.B., 2002. Consumption and quality of water. In:

Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production. D.D.

Bell and W.D. Weaver, eds. Kluwer Academic Publish-

ers, Norwell, MA. p411-430.

Carter, T.A. and R.E. Sneed, 1987. Drinking water qual-

ity for poultry. PS&T Guide No. 42, Extension Poultry

Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Dozier, D.A., M. Czarick, M.P. Lacy, and B.D. Fairchild,

2002. Monitoring water consumption on commercial

broiler farms: Evaluation tool to assess flock perform-

ance. Poultry Sci. 80:154 (Suppl. 1.).

Fairchild, B.D., A.B. Batal, C.W. Ritz and P.F. Vendrell,

2006. Effect of drinking water iron concentration on

broiler performance. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 15:511-517.

May, J.D., B.D. Lott and J.D. Simmons, 1997. Water con-

sumption by broilers in high cyclic temperatures: Bell

versus nipple waterers. Poultry Sci. 76:944-947.

Pesti, G.M., S.V. Amato and L.R. Minear, 1985. Water

consumption of broiler chickens under commercial

conditions. Poultry Sci. 64:803-808.

Schwartz, D.L. Water Quality. VSE, 81c., Penn. State

Univ. (mimeographed)

Waggoner, R., R. Good and R. Good, 1984. Water

Quality and Poultry Performance. Proceedings AVMA

Annual Conference, July.

http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/the-poultry-site/id489824502?mt=8

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the impacts on the market may have been over-

looked or underestimated, writes senior editor, Jackie

Linden.

Just four months after the battery cage ban, EU egg

production is reported to be down by between 10

and 15 per cent and there has been much disruption

in the market, including in some unexpected areas. A

partial ban on sow stalls is due to come into force in

January 2013 so what can we expect for the pig sec-

tor?

At a meeting on the new EU animal welfare strategy

in Brussels at the end of February, jointly organised

by the European Commission and the Danish Presi-

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The concerns arise out of the fears over a build-up

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pathogens being passed on through residues of the

antibiotics in meat, fish, eggs and dairy produce.

In the EU, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters

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In the US, where antibiotics are used for therapeutic

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Health & Welfare News

NEW TARGET FOR REDUCTION OFSALMONELLA IN TURKEYS

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in 2010, 2.6 per cent of these cases were attributed

to turkeys.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) scientific

opinion estimates the public health impact of setting

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Specifically, EFSA was asked to indicate and rank the

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assess the impact of a reduction of the prevalence of

Salmonella in breeding flocks of turkeys on the preva-

lence of Salmonella in flocks of fattening turkeys and

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get for reduction of Salmonella is set in turkeys being

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all Salmonella serovars with public health significance,

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The Commission had estimated 2.5 per cent drop in

egg production across the EU due to a cut-back in

chick placings following a period of over supply. How-

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much bigger impact, with total EU production esti-

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cent drop in Spanish production, he said.

As a result wholesale rates have increased substan-

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The swarming of these gnats can disturb poultry and

cause them to injure themselves or pile up on each

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Lavergne.

These gnats attack during the daytime but are not a

problem in barns or enclosures, Dr Lavergne said.

Her advice is to keep poultry and other birds in an

enclosure during the daytime, such as a barn or shed.

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for farmers on laying hen health and welfare in the

coming weeks.

The AssureWel organisation holding meetings in the

spring for laying hen farmers to discuss taking a bird–

focused approach to optimise the health, welfare and

overall efficiency of laying hen flocks.

The meetings will focus on the key findings from the

University of Bristol Pecking Project, in which some

farmers have taken part. The project has identified

strategies for reducing the risk of injurious pecking

and tested their effectiveness in commercial free-

range laying hen flocks. This session will highlight the

most important and effective things to do to help

prevent injurious feather pecking in free-range flocks

and also key things to consider if you see any prob-

lems starting.

Read More...

FDA INVITES COMMENTS ONANTIBIOTIC REDUCTION PROPOSAL

US - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued

three documents relating to the use of antibiotics in

food producing animals in Federal Register. Com-

ments on the three documents will be accepted until

12 July 2012.

Last week, FDA announced the availability of a guid-

ance for industry (GFI #209) entitled "The Judicious

Use of Medically Important Antimicrobial Drugs in

Food-Producing Animals." This guidance is intended

to inform the public of FDA’s current thinking on the

use of medically important antimicrobial drugs in an-

imal agriculture. For more information including how

to submit comments, please click here.

FDA also announced the availability of a draft guid-

ance for industry (draft GFI #213) entitled "New An-

imal Drugs and New Animal Drug Combination

Products Administered...

Read More...

27

Health & Welfare News

JOINT EFFORTS TO ADDRESSANIMAL WELFARE

GLOBAL - FAO recently convened the First Global

Multi-stakeholder Forum on Animal Welfare, with par-

ticipants representing the food industry, farmers, the

civil society, inter-governmental organizations, govern-

mental authorities and the academia, reflecting the

growing conviction that animal welfare is an issue of

widespread interest.

According to FAO, the Forum was organized with the

support of the European Economic and Social Com-

mittee and the European Commission. The meeting

was a stocktaking experience convened to share and

scale-up best ideas, practices and innovative solutions

to the complex animal welfare challenges. It provided

a comprehensive overview on activities addressing an-

imal welfare and on the variety of stakeholders pro-

viding them.

Read More...

EU DRAWS UP ANIMAL CLONINGOPTIONS

EU - The EU has begun a process to draw up new

rules to govern the cloning of farm animals.

The Commission has drawn up five policy options,

the most extreme of which would suspend the use

of clones and their offspring and prohibit the use of

food from clones, offspring and their descendants.

The Commission is also considering labelling prod-

ucts that come from a descendent of a clone and in-

troducing strict traceability requirements for

imports. However, it acknowledged this would be dif-

ficult and costly to put in place and could have signif-

icant consequences for trade.

A final option would be to maintain the current rules

where the creation of cloned animals and embryos

is not permitted in the EU, but the progeny of animals

cloned abroad may be imported. A legislative pro-

posal on animal cloning is expected in Spring 2013.

Read More...

LIVESTOCK LEGISLATIONCOMPROMISES WELFARE

US - Lawmakers and representatives from animal

agriculture joined forces to educate nearly 100 peo-

ple about the deliberate emphasis farmers and ranch-

ers place on caring for the health and well-being of

their animals.

During a briefing hosted by Congressmen Adrian

Smith and Joe Courtney, congressional staff learned

about multiple voluntary, producer-led animal care

programmes and about the concerns farmers and

ranchers have with legislation introduced in the

House that would mandate strict on-farm production

practices.

Congressman Smith said science must be the driving

force behind public policy decisions. He said farmers

and ranchers are dedicated to caring for the health

and well-being of their animals.

Read More...

GLOBAL PETITION TO IMPROVE TREATMENT OF FARM ANIMALS

GLOBAL - At the United Nations, the World Society

for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) handed nearly

110,000 signatures on its global petition to improve

the treatment of farm animals, to the Executive Co-

ordinators of the United Nations Conference on Sus-

tainable Development (Rio+20), Elizabeth Thompson

and Brice Lalonde.

The petition represents the significant and growing

worldwide support for Pawprint – WSPA's campaign

to put farm animal welfare on the agenda at Rio+20

in June.

Every day, billions of animals suffer on industrial farms.

Pigs, chickens and cows are unable to move freely,

breathe fresh air or even feel the sunlight. Not only is

this one of the worst animal abuses in the world, it

also has negative effects on the environment, poverty

and human health. Through Pawprint, people from

every corner of the globe have asked world leaders

to include animal welfare as part of the discussions at

Rio+20.

Read More...

Poultry Industry News

HUBBARD EXTENDS DISTRIBUTIONNETWORK IN INDONESIA

INDONESIA - Hubbard is very pleased to announce

that they have concluded a Grand Parent Stock

agreement with Sujaya Group Ltd., based on Kaliman-

tan-Indonesia, for the production and sales of the

Hubbard Classic in Indonesia.

The Hubbard Classic is renowned for its ease of

management and outstanding day-old-chick produc-

tion at breeder level - recent records show that it is

possible to reach up to 158 chicks at 65 weeks of age

- and a broiler recognised as one the fastest growing

strains available in the market today, making it a com-

bination which is difficult to beat. The Hubbard Clas-

sic is already used by many customers in Central and

South America, Africa, the Middle East and South East

Asia.

Indonesia is one of the major broiler markets in

South East Asia and has, with a population of around

240 million people, a tremendous opportunity for

further development of its poultry meat sector. In

2010 around 1,226 million day-old-chick production

were produced and...

Read More...

CHERKIZOVO GROUP LAUNCHESPOULTRY BREEDING FACILITY

RUSSIA - OJSC Cherkizovo Group, one of Russia’s

leading integrated and diversified meat producers, has

announced the opening of the first line of the large

poultry breeding facility at its Bryansk cluster.

Cherkizovo has successfully launched the first line of

the breeding facility Pervomaiskaya in the Bryansk re-

gion. The new line is part of the poultry capacity in-

crease project first announced in 2010.

The first line of the poultry breeding facility consists

of 28 bird houses, with a combined capacity of almost

1 million broilers. The bird houses contain state-of-

the-art equipment manufactured by the Belgian com-

pany ROXELL, the world leader in automated feeding

and watering systems.

Read More...

29

Breeding & Genetics

COBB500 BROILER SUPPLEMENT INEIGHT LANGUAGES

US - The latest edition of the Cobb500 broiler per-

formance and nutrition supplement is now published

in eight languages and with a new section providing

data on meat yield.

“Although the format remains familiar, we have re-

sponded to requests to include more comprehensive

information on yield,” says Euan Meldrum, Cobb Eu-

rope marketing manager.

“We aim to update our product supplements every

two years or so, but this is the first time we have in-

troduced as many as eight different language versions

on the launch day.”

Steve Bolden, director of the Cobb World Technical

Support team, commented: “With our investment in

research, our products continue to develop and im-

prove. This makes it vital to constantly reassess the

way we look at performance...

Read More...

FIRST GRIMAUD GRAND PARENT STAR53 PEKIN DUCK FLOCK

CHINA - In March 2012, world n°1 in duck meat pro-

ducer Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group received its

first flock of Grand Parent Star 53 Pekin ducks from

Grimaud Freres Selection in France. The delivery

went well for several thousand GP ducklings of lines

A, B, C and D, placed directly in quarantine for 30

days right after their arrival in China.

After several years of exchange and conclusive trials

on Star 53 Pekin ducks, either on Parent Stocks or

commercials Stocks ducks, the first significant step is

achieved between Liuhe and Grimaud companies

with this GP duck placement. The ducklings were in-

stalled in a brand new GP farm featuring 6 buildings

totally equipped with state of the art equipments:

drinkable water treatment, pad cooling systems or

waste water treatment. The farming area is totally

isolated and biosecurity standards are maximum to

ensure the best sanitary status of future PS STAR

ducklings produced from this farm.

Read More...

AVIAGEN CUSTOMER SERVICE INACTION AROUND THE WORLD

GLOBAL - The last few months have been extremely

busy for Aviagen’s technical teams and specialists who

have been giving presentations at customer events

around the world.

Events such as seminars, roadshows and workshops

play an important part in knowledge transfer and ed-

ucation and also provide a great opportunity for the

company’s customers to share experiences with each

other, meet the wider Aviagen team and to provide

feed-back to our breeding programme.

For Aviagen, understanding its customers’ businesses

and their needs is of paramount importance and they

enjoy the opportunities to spend time with cus-

tomers and their customers.

A whistle–stop tour of Aviagen events over the past

few months includes...

Read More...

Aviagen, the world’s leading poultry breeding company, supplies day-old grandparent and parent stock chicks to customers in 130 countries worldwide under the Arbor Acres, Ross and Indian River brand names.

www.aviagen.com

Poultry Industry News

DM EXAMINES FARM SAMPLES TORAISE BIOSECURITY

UAE - As part of raising bio-security and safety from

biological risks in the Emirate of Dubai, the Veterinary

Services Section of Dubai Municipality (DM) has com-

pleted the examination of approximately 26,232 sam-

ples received during the first quarter of this year from

various farms with an increase of 30 per cent com-

paring to last year.

According to The Gulf Today, Hashim Al Awadi, head

of veterinary services, said the section works in line

with the strategic plan and strategic objective of the

Emirate of Dubai in order to raise the biosecurity and

ensure the safety from biological risks arising from

diseases that affect animals and birds as well as com-

mon diseases among humans and animals.

“These samples are distributed among different cat-

egories of laboratories and the tests included 86 en-

zymes, 374 parasites, 21,627 brucellosis in addition to

other 174 tests,” he added.

Read More...

HELPING KEEP TRACK OFQUEENSLAND'S LIVESTOCK

QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA - Biosecurity Queens-

land Industry Liaison Officer Fiona Thompson said

property registration plays a crucial role in managing

the risks of animal diseases.

"Property owners can help Biosecurity Queensland

keep track of livestock by simply registering their

property and keeping their details up to date," Ms

Thompson said.

"Current information allows Biosecurity Queensland

to work with livestock owners and the community

to respond quickly and minimise the impact of animal

diseases.

"Property registration should be completed within

14 days of obtaining livestock for the first time."

Owners can register their property online or by

phone on 13 25 23.

Read More...

31

Biosecurity & Hygiene

FOSSILSHIELD KEEPS POULTRYMITE-FREE

UK - FOSSILSHIELD is a non-toxic diatomaceous

powder. As the mite attempt to remove FOSSIL-

SHIELD from their skin, the powder begins to scratch

away their waxy outer layer, exposing the fatty tissue

underneath. The powder then dries this tissue, killing

the insect naturally.

The unique FOSSIL SHIELD + PCS professional on-

site electrostatic application, charges the powder, al-

lowing for a robust and long-term coverage of

different surfaces.

A treatment should take place after clean out and

prior to bird placement and should typically last for

up to 40 weeks. However 85 per cent of PCS cus-

tomer farms require no further treatment through-

out the laying period.

Read More...

ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FORPOULTRY LITTER MANAGEMENT

NORTHERN IRELAND, UK - A new study looking

at poultry litter management and disposal options

has recommended that a proto-type poultry litter fu-

elled gasification plant be developed, and that baling

of poultry litter for export be practiced to reduce

transport costs.

Minister of Agriculture, Michelle O’Neill said: “The

poultry sector is a key part of our Agri-food industry

and an important contributor to the local economy

and I am concerned that the lack of progress in se-

curing a long term solution to poultry litter disposal

is a major constraint on the sector and is hampering

expansion. I am also aware of the opposition to the

Rose Energy proposal and believe there are alterna-

tive approaches for the management and disposal of

poultry litter.

“Therefore, I commissioned officials from my Depart-

ment and the Agri-food & Biosciences Institute

(AFBI) to carry out a review of alternative technolo-

gies for the management...

Read More...

GUIDANCE FOR POULTRY FARMERSON REDUCTION OF BIRD FLUINCIDENCE

INDIA - Timely vaccination of birds and animals, ac-

cess to standard laboratories and maintaining bio-se-

curity are among the measures required to curb the

sporadic outbreak of bird flu in India’s northeast, says

a team of international and Indian experts touring the

region.

According to Health.india.com, citing IANS, experts

of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and

India, who are on a five-day visit to Tripura to probe

the causes of frequent bird flu outbreaks, have asked

the northeastern states to maintain stipulated pro-

tocols to stop the contagious disease from resurfac-

ing.

“The FAO and Indian experts have also suggested

reaching out to common people with scientific meth-

ods of protection of...

Read More...

Poultry Industry News

REDUCE LAMENESS LOSSESTHROUGH PROBIOTICS

US - A team led by researchers at the University of

Arkansas has developed a wire-flooring model that

reliably induces lameness in broilers at levels suffi-

cient to allow in-depth study of the condition.

The team published the results of their study in the

April issue of Poultry Science, a journal published by

the Poultry Science Association (PSA). (See R.F. Wide-

man et al., A wire-flooring model for inducing lame-

ness in broilers: Evaluation of probiotics as a

prophylactic treatment. Poult Sci 2012 91:870-883.)

Year in and year out, lameness is one of the leading

causes of mortality in broilers, making the condition

a significant economic concern for the poultry indus-

try. But because the incidence rate of lameness is low

in research flocks, the phenomenon has been difficult

to study, which has hampered efforts to develop

measures that may help producers.

Read More...

SCHOTHORST FEED RESEARCHEXPANDS POULTRY RESEARCHPOSSIBILITIES

NETHERLANDS - Schothorst Feed Research has

small-scale and large-scale research facilities for poul-

try. With the purchase of 144 new ground-floor pens

and 96 new balance cages, the possibilities for poultry

research are further expanded.

The ground-floor pens can be installed in one room

of the large-scale broiler house, giving the opportu-

nity to test a maximum of 24 feed treatments × 6

replicates simultaneously. The floor surface area per

pen is at least 2.4 m2. Size of the room, climate con-

ditions, and management in the broiler house are ac-

cording to practical-scale broiler farming, enabling a

good translation of trial results into practical advices.

Digestibility studies require a different type of hous-

ing than ground-floor pens. With the purchase of 96

new balance cages we have also expanded the possi-

bilities for this type of studies.

Read More...

33

Feeding & Nutrition

EXCENTIAL BUTYCOAT IN POULTRYNUTRITION

NETHERLANDS - Slow-release sodium butyrate has

potential as an alternative to or in combination with

antibiotic growth promoters, says Excential, part of

Orffa International Holding BV.

Since the EU ban on the use of in-feed antibiotics

(AGPs) in livestock, organics acids (OA) have been

found as valuable alternative. Among the OA, partic-

ularly important are short chain fatty acids (SCFA).

Butyrate has a strong bactericidal effect and stimu-

lates villus growth while inhibiting apoptosis. Non–

protected OA are absorbed in the upper parts of the

gastrointestinal tract (GIT), inhibiting their action.

Excential Butycoat’s microencapsulation addresses

the release and bioactivity of butyrate throughout the

whole GIT, modulating micro flora and targeting Sal-

monella. Proper micro–encapsulation ensures safe

gastric passage.

Read More...

SURVEY REVEALS GLOBAL PREVA-LENCE OF MYCOTOXINS

GLOBAL - Biomin has published the results of its

Mycotoxin Survey Program for 2011. The compre-

hensive survey documents the occurrence of myco-

toxins in samples taken throughout 2011 in different

regions. One thing is clear: the global prevalence of

mycotoxins in a range of common feed commodities

underscores the need for quality feed management

strategies.

Since 2005, Biomin has been conducting extensive

studies documenting the occurrence of mycotoxins

worldwide. The Biomin Mycotoxin Survey Program

2011 details the distribution of mycotoxins according

to their region of origin and commodity type.

More than 4,300 samples were collected from vari-

ous countries over a 12–month period from January

to December and 13,854 analyses were carried out

to investigate...

Read More...

Poultry Industry News

34

FEED COMPANY MERGER INPROSPECT IN INDONESIA

INDONESIA - Two producers of animal feed and

processed foods, PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk

(JPFA) and PT Multibreeder Adirama Indonesia Tbk

(Mbai), have agreed to merge.

The merger aims to strengthen the business and cor-

porate capital structure, according to Media Indone-

sia.

The information was disclosed to the Indonesia

Stock Exchange on on 12 April, following the signing

of a Letter of Intent.

JPFA Director, Herry Wibowo, said that the merger

would provide four key benefits for the company: ac-

celeration of operational and business strategies, bet-

ter financial efficiency, improved streamlining of the

corporate structure and avoiding duplication in com-

pliance in capital and stock markets.

Read More...

NOVUS CELEBRATES RECORD YEAROF HMTBA PRODUCTION

US - Confirming what commercial partners and ani-

mal nutritionists have known for decades, Novus is

continuing to harness the full value of the HMTBa

molecule in several species.

The growth in demand for the HMTBa molecule is

nearly half of the global methionine market. A boost

in demand for HMTBa, in both liquid and dry forms,

is a result of targeted market expansion beyond poul-

try into swine diet formulations, ruminant rations in

dairy and beef applications, as well as the ever-grow-

ing needs of the aquaculture segment.

As corn and soy feed ingredients have experienced

increased price volatility, the cost savings associated

with maximizing the use of methionine activity in an-

imals’ diets have increased. Nutrition experts seeking

to improve feed efficiency and reduce feed cost rou-

tinely turn to HMTBa as their solution.

Read More...

AFBF ANALYSIS SEES SOYBEANS ASNEW MARKET DRIVER

US - A new report on world agricultural supply and

demand estimates issued by the Agriculture Depart-

ment is setting up what could be an interesting new

crop market dynamic, according to economic analysis

from the American Farm Bureau Federation.

The WASDE report issued today was largely un-

changed on the corn and feedgrain side and was gen-

erally viewed as neutral, but on the soybean side,

supply estimates were reduced and US exports in-

creased to help make up for smaller South American

crops, according to AFBF Economist Todd Davis.

“We are looking at a situation where soybeans,

rather than corn, could very well become the market

leader in the US grain and oilseed complex,” Dr Davis

said. “Typically, corn prices usually help drive the mar-

ket prices for the other grain and oilseed commodi-

ties, but given what we now know, soybeans are ready

to move to the forefront.”

Read More...

VIET NAM'S MIDDLE CLASS LIFTSFOOD, FEED DEMAND

VIET NAM - The growth in China has garnered a lot

of attention lately, but China's neighbour - Viet Nam

- is another emerging market that is building our

global middle class and increasing grain demand,

writes Sarah Mikesell, senior editor.

By 2020, 600 million households, primarily in the de-

veloping world, are going to join in the global middle

class, said Thomas Dorr, US Grains Council president

and CEO, at the Commodity Classic in early March.

These new markets, in terms of sheer size and dollar

value, will exceed existing middle class markets in the

US, Europe and Japan within the next decade.

VIET NAM EMERGES IN A NEW WAY

Viet Nam is one of the emerging new markets. With

a population of nearly 90 million, it is larger than any

European country.

Read More...

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Poultry Industry News

36

ARSENIC AND OTHER COMPOUNDSNOT FED TO CHICKENS

US - The National Chicken Council released a state-

ment in response to a New York Times opinion piece,

"Arsenic in our chicken."

The National Chicken Council refuted the findings of

recent studies that claim to have found chemical and

antimicrobial residues in chicken feather meal:

"As the study's authors point out, this study looked

only at feathers, not meat. If consumers were to take

away one message from the findings, it should be

from the researchers themselves: 'We haven't found

anything that is an immediate health concern.'

"The top priority for America's chicken farmers and

processors is to raise healthy, top quality birds, be-

cause doing so is not only an ethical obligation, it is

the foundation of a safe and wholesome chicken sup-

ply.

Read More...

AB VISTA LAUNCHES NEW INTUITIVEWEBSITE

UK - AB Vista is springing into action this April with

a freshly designed, more intuitive website – introduc-

ing a platform for new generation services for cus-

tomers across the feed industry.

As well as giving www.abvista.com a fresh look and

feel, the integrated supplier of micro-ingredients has

designed their new website with responsive design

technology meaning that the site will automatically

reconfigure itself for optimal viewing on any screen

size. Navigation to the AB Vista product information

and associated services is easy and efficient with sup-

porting materials available for download or viewing

direct from the site.

The AB Vista website offers links to the following

services for its distributors and customers:

The Corn Quality Service uses near infra-red (NIR)

spectroscopy to analyse...

Read More...

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UK - Scientists at Aberystwyth University’s Institute

of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences

(IBERS) are playing their part in addressing the UK

protein deficit through a five–year research project

valued at £2.15 million.

As consumers increasingly switch from largely veg-

etable based diets to consumption of more meat and

dairy, global demand for animal protein is predicted

to rise by 85 per cent by 2050 driven by population

growth and increasing affluence in developing coun-

tries.

As a result, demand for vegetable proteins as animal

feedstock has risen, and the UK currently faces a

shortfall in domestic vegetable protein production

capability.

Increasing reliance on imports poses potentially sig-

nificant supply and economic risks to the UK due to

the combined effects of...

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Poultry Industry News

RESEARCHERS EXAMINE VARIATIONIN LITTER USE FOR HENS

US - Litter use depended on the times and pen, ac-

cording to researchers at Iowa State University.

Litter use by hens was investigated by recording the

number of hens moving to and from the litter in an

aviary housing system, according to according to Jes-

sica D. Jenkins, Rebecca L. Parsons, Morgan Hayes,

Hongwei Xin and Suzanne Millman of Iowa State Uni-

versity in the University’s Animal Industry Report

2012.

Findings showed a difference in litter use between

different times and pens. These findings are being con-

tributed as one component of a comprehensive as-

sessment of an aviary laying hen housing system.

The US egg industry is anticipating a change from

conventional cage to cage-free housing systems.

Aviary housing is a cage-free system that allows hens

access to litter-floors, nest boxes and perches.

Read More...

POULTRY FARMER BENEFITS FROMTHE SUN

UK - Poultry farmers are benefiting from solar power

and the higher feed-in tariff rate, following the instal-

lation of PV panels before the 12th December dead-

line.

SERS Renewables has installed 200kWp of solar PV

across four farms in Herefordshire, in just four

months.

The installations were carried out prior to the

change in tariffs in December, meaning the owners

will benefit from the higher feed in tariff rate.

It is estimated that the payback period will be just

seven and a half years. With an annual output of

42,143kWh, one system is expected to generate an

annual feed-in tariff of over £13,000; well over a quar-

ter of a million in its lifetime. :

Read More...

39

Housing & Equipment

NEW DISTRIBUTION IN AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIA - Termotecnica Pericoli will be expand-

ing their Asian sales and marketing activities during

the upcoming PIX Exhibition on the Gold Coast,

QLD from 20-23 May 2012 with the announcement

of the appointment of a distribution network in the

Australian market.

The company will then be in a position to supply and

service the industry with locally available inventory

as well as technical support and service to back the

sales of their full range of equipment and systems for

climate control and ventilation in the poultry indus-

try.

In addition to show casing their extensive range of

equipment and system they will be focusing on their

new and improved efficient:

- EOS/EWS 53” Fan range. In particular their unique

and patented EWS “Centrifugal Shutter Mechanism”

with its extended...

Read More...

Energy

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AGRILAMP SUCCESS AT LONDONONTARIO SHOW

UK & CANADA - London Ontario Show Canada

proves to be yet again a great show for Agrilamp. This

year the Master Distributors Davian USA and Venco-

matic Canada had three new local distributors at the

show and orders for 2000 Agrilamp were placed dur-

ing the event

Sales in North America were expected to grow by

200 per cent in 2012 however with the current rate

of success it is likely to double that.

While at the Show John Matcham took the time to

visit Gray Ridge Farms one of Canada's largest egg

producers who have recently installed Agrilamp into

their new Farmer Automatic rearing system and will

install Agrilamp into the their New Logia Layer Sys-

tem in the next few weeks.

Read More...

Poultry Industry News

PRINZEN INTRODUCES OVOSET

NETHERLANDS - The OVOSET is a most affordable

solution for setting hatching eggs onto setter trays

by a machine. The incoming flow of eggs is carefully

aligned and positioned points down.

The setter trays are manually positioned by the op-

erator, where the OVOSET will automatically gently

place the eggs onto the tray. The manual handling of

setter trays, in combination with the automatic points

down setting of the OVOSET, gives high efficiency.

An accurate points down setting of hatching eggs

onto setter trays, can provide high returns for hatch-

eries, by means of improved hatchability and chick

quality. Every 1 per cent of wrongly (point up) placed

hatching eggs reduces the output of viable chicks

with 0.2 per cent.he OVOSET uses the proven

Prinzen egg points down principle, which assures a

points down setting of 99.7 per cent, and is also in-

tegrated in the high end solutions of the Prinzen Set-

ter Line.

Read More...

PETERSIME EXPANDS SALES ANDMARKETING TEAM

BELGIUM - Petersime, the world leader in incubation

and hatchery equipment, has appointed Rudy Verhelst

to join the Sales and Marketing Department as Prod-

uct Manager.

As of 16 April, Rudy Verhelst (33) will be coordinating

Petersime’s product management as well as its mar-

keting and communication activities. His challenge will

be to successfully position Petersime’s products and

services in the market and further strengthen the

company’s ability to meet the needs of its customers.

Dr Verhelst has a PhD in Engineering. He joined Pe-

tersime in 2010 in the R&D department, where he

developed and designed incubation equipment, car-

ried out research and coordinated Petersime’s col-

laboration with the University of Leuven.

Read More...

41

Incubation & Hatching

FIJI'S POULTRY INDUSTRY STRIVESFOR SELF-SUFFICIENCY

FIJI - Fiji's poultry industry has been identified as an

important industry because of its economic and so-

cial contribution to the development of the country's

economy.

According to the Fiji Times, this was revealed by the

Minister for Agriculture, Joketani Cokanasiga.

While opening the 'Awesome Chicks Supplies Hatch-

ery' in Ba on Friday, Mr Cokanasiga said the industry

had successfully moved towards becoming self suffi-

cient compared to other industries like dairy and

beef.

"Currently, around 80 to 85 per cent of poultry

meats are being produced locally by major producers

and other emerging enterprises," he said.

Mr Cokanasiga said a project such as Awesome

Chicks Supplies Hatchery was another example of

the industry's commitment...

Read More...

PAS REFORM GRANTED EXCLUSIVEUSE OF MICROBAN IN HATCHERIES

NETHERLANDS - Microban antibacterial technology

is finding new applications in the hatchery sector,

through an Agreement that gives leading Dutch

hatchery technology company Pas Reform sole use

worldwide.

Well-established as a leading innovator of incubation

technologies, Pas Reform has incorporated Microban

into the polymer used to manufacture setter trays,

hatcher baskets and other hygiene-critical hatchery

consumables.

“Pas Reform’s use of Microban technology represents

an important development in minimising contamina-

tion by bacteria and pathogens in hatcheries”, ex-

plains Gerd de Lange, Senior Poultry Specialist of Pas

Reform.

Read More...

NEW STAND FOR ORKA’S EGGSHELLTHICKNESS GAUGE

GLOBAL - EggTester.com (better known as ORKA

Food Technology) has developed a new stand for its

Eggshell Thickness Gauge (ESTG).

The Egg Shell Thickness Gauge is an ultrasonic instru-

ment to measure the thickness at various points on

the shell without resorting to the traditional and

time–consuming method of breaking the egg and

measuring individual segments.

Thickness can be measured over a range of 0.15mm

to 25mm with a sensitivity of 0.001mm. The instru-

ment has a serial output to export data to a PC.

The Egg Thickness Gauge is powered by batteries and

is field deployable with the instrument and acces-

sories housed in a foam-lined carrying case.

The new stand is extremely easy to use, provides

faster and more accurate reading, and there is no

need for training, says ORKA.

Read More...

NCC RESPONDS TO NEWS REPORTON PROPOSED POULTRYINSPECTION SYSTEM

US - The National Chicken Council released the fol-

lowing statement in response to an ABC News Re-

port on the proposed poultry inspection system.

According to Ashley Peterson, PhD, National Chicken

Council vice president of science and technology:

"The proposed inspection system will better protect

the public from foodborne illnesses by reducing re-

liance on old-fashioned visual and sensory inspection

and moving to prevention-oriented inspection sys-

tems based on actual risk to consumers. Studies by

the National Academy of Sciences, the General Ac-

counting Office and by USDA have established the

need to modernize the poultry inspection program

and this proposed rule does that.

Read More...

Poultry Industry News

IS MODERNISING INSPECTIONA RISK?

US - The USDA decided to extend the consultation

time on the new proposals for poultry meat inspec-

tion in processing plants, writes editor-in-chief, Chris

Harris.

The proposals are designed to modernise the

USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service's (FSIS)

approach to young chicken and turkey slaughter in-

spection by focusing FSIS inspection resources on the

areas of the poultry production system that pose the

greatest risk to food safety.

At present, some FSIS workers in poultry plants per-

form a variety of activities unrelated to improving

food safety, such as identifying relatively superficial

defects on birds, such as bruising.

The new proposals are designed to ensure that all

FSIS inspection activities will focus on critical food

safety tasks to ensure that agency resources are tied

directly to protecting public health and reducing

foodborne illnesses.

Read More...

43

Processing & Packaging

DELAY TO POULTRY INSPECTIONPROPOSALS

US - The US Food Safety and Inspection Service is to

extend the comment period for a proposed rule to

modernise the way young chickens and turkeys are

inspected at slaughter.

The original deadline to submit comments was 26

April.

The new deadline to receive comments is 30 days

after the notice announcing the extension publishes

in the Federal Register. The request to extend the

comment period was made by constituents and the

Agency agreed.

The notice clarifies answers to questions from sev-

eral groups; the posting of those answers ensures

that the groups and the public have access to the

same information. The notice also specifies that FSIS

is seeking information and data on potential impacts

of line speed on worker safety.

Read more...

PACKAGING WITH SMARTFUNCTIONS

NORWAY - Researchers believe that the packaging

of the future will contain substances that will get rid

of unwanted bacteria. Or it could be made from food

waste.

Fat, vitamins and pigments in food are broken down

to a greater or lesser extent by oxygen, temperature

and light. Some foods cannot tolerate oxygen, while

others thrive on it. Foods must be packaged differ-

ently because they decompose differently. Many veg-

etables need oxygen to maintain their quality, for

example, and dairy products must be protected from

light.

The food packaging researchers at the Nofima food

research institute have many issues to work on in this

area. The institute has its own food packaging pro-

gramme, which is supported by the Foundation for

Research Levy on Agricultural Products (FFL).

Read More...

GLOBAL MARKET FOR COPRODUCTS IS CHANGING

FRANCE - The global market for co-products is

changing as the meat and poultry processing industry

develops.

According to the French company, which is a special-

ist in meat-bone separators, deboners and desinew-

ers, Lima, whereas a few years ago all the coproducts

from processing, such as necks, wings, legs, were kept

together when it came to recovering the meat, now

they are more often sorted by quality.

Each different coproduct can have a different value

and as Bernard le Bris from Lima said, the processor

is trying to earn more on each step of the process.

To this end, Lima has improved the capacity of its ma-

chines and has developed them to meet specific de-

mands from customers.

Read more...

44

Poultry Industry News

ORGANIC FOOD LABEL DEADLINEAPPROACHING

EU - Organic food producers and processors must

adhere to new labeling rules before the full imple-

mentation of EU legislation.

By the end of June, a new Europe-wide symbol for

UK organic food – and the accompanying wording –

must be used on certified produce.

Organic Farmers & Growers, which inspects and cer-

tifies organic food and farming, is highlighting the risks

producers and processors face if they fail to ensure

all of their packagingmeets the requirements.

The organisation’s certification and compliance man-

ager, Steve Clarkson, said: “Based on the feedback we

are getting from the industry generally, we have con-

cerns that the approaching deadline hasn’t reached

the ears of everyone who needs to know. There has

been no central alert or notification to all organic op-

erators from the EU or Defra, but that doesn’t pro-

vide a defence for anyone who falls foul of the

regulation.

Read More...

HIGH-TECH TACTIC MAY EXPOSESTEALTHY SALMONELLA

US - Even the smallest quantity of Salmonella may, in

the future, be easily detected with a technology

known as SERS, short for "surface-enhanced Raman

scattering." US Department of Agriculture (USDA)

scientist Bosoon Park at Athens, Georgia, is leading

exploratory studies of this analytical technique's po-

tential for quick, easy and reliable detection of Sal-

monella and other foodborne pathogens.

According to the US Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention, Salmonella causes more than one mil-

lion cases of illness in the United States every year.

If SERS proves successful for cornering Salmonella, the

technique might be used at public health laboratories

around the nation to rapidly identify this or other

pathogens responsible for outbreaks of foodborne

illness, according to Park, an agricultural engineer

with USDA's Agricultura...

Read More...

FACCENDA ACQUIRESCRANBERRY FOODS

UK - Faccenda Group Ltd, one of the UK’s leading

food producers, has announced its acquisition of

Cranberry Foods Ltd, the UK’s second biggest turkey

producer. The deal will see Faccenda become one of

the UK’s largest food manufacturers with a turnover

of around £400 million.

Faccenda Group is a privately owned family business

that has been a leading supplier of fresh chicken

products for 50 years. It employs 2,000 people in

hatcheries, farms, feed mills and processing plants

across the UK.

Cranberry Food supplies the UK’s leading supermar-

kets and food service sector. The company has 750

employees and a turnover of around £100 million. Its

factory sites include processing plants in Scropton,

Derbyshire and Abergavenny, South Wales while its

farming operation stretches from Yorkshire to South

Wales.

Read More...

BRAZILIAN POULTRY MEAT EXPORTSHIGHER THAN A YEAR AGO

BRAZIL - Brazilian exports of poultry meat totaled

974,100 tons, 4.42 per cent higher than the number

recorded in the first quarter of 2011, according to

the Brazilian Poultry Union (UBABEF).

As for revenue, even with the March result, an accu-

mulated growth rate of only 1.1 per cent was

reached, totalling $ 1.89 billion between January and

March.

"Revenue has grown at a slower pace than the vol-

ume shipped, which shows that the profitability of

agribusiness exporters is reducing. With the loss of

competitiveness, exporters are lowering prices to

keep up with the markets. At this stage, government

support is critical," says the president of UBABEF,

Francisco Turra.

The largest market for Brazilian poultry sector, the

Middle East, has imported 315,900 tonnes in the first

three months of this year...

Read More...

45

Processing & Packaging

CAMBRIDGE SHEDS NEW LIGHT ONSALMONELLA

UK - BBSRC-funded researchers at Cambridge Uni-

versity have shed new light on a common food poi-

soning bug. Using real-time video microscopy,

coupled with mathematical modelling, they have

changed assumptions about Salmonella and how it in-

fects human cells. The research was published in In-

terface.

Salmonella is an important bacterium to study as it

causes a range of diseases in humans and animals. It

is capable of growing and reproducing inside

macrophages - a type of white blood cell that ingests

foreign material - ultimately destroying them. These

macrophage cells are key players in the immune re-

sponse to invaders and so the control of Salmonella

within these cells is critical to surviving an infection.

However, fundamentally important factors in infec-

tion events - such as the...

Read More...

MEXICO-US POULTRY TALKS COLLAPSE

US & MEXICO - Behind the scenes negotiations to

settle a poultry anti-dumping case filed by Mexican

producers against their US counterparts have col-

lapsed, leaving the trade dispute in the hands of Mex-

ican government officials.

According to The Journal of Commerce, it is unclear

what triggered the end of the bilateral talks.

Last year, Mexico’s largest poultry producers filed an

anti-dumping complaint against US chicken leg quar-

ters, alleging they were being dumped in Mexico at

prices lower than they were sold in the US. A Mexi-

can government agency in August made a preliminary

finding in their favor and ruled US chicken meat

should be subject to an import duty of 129.5 per

cent.

Read More...

Each month we bring you the most important poultryindustry events taking place around the world

For more events please visitwww.thepoultrysite.com/events

46

INDUSTRY EVENTS

INDUSTRY EVENTS

XXII Central American andCaribbean Poultry CongressPanama City, Panama, May 23rd to 25th

"Assuring the future of food in Central America

and the Caribbean" is the emphasis of this event,

which takes place every two years.

World Poultry 2012Brussels, Belgium, May 22nd to 24th

World Poultry is the premier forum for the international poultry industry,

giving you the essential information you need to deal with your most

pressing challenges and to benefit from new opportunities and contacts.

World Poultry 2012 will cover all the key issues facing the poultry industry

and assess production and demand trends in key markets, exploring new

opportunities for international trade and partnerships.

47

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Poultry Information Exchange(PIX) 2012 Queensland, Australia, May 20th to 23rd

PIX organisers are excited to announce that

they will be combining with the Australasian

Milling Conference, bringing delegates from

the stockfeed and flour milling industries to-

gether at the one event.

The theme will be 'Feeding the Nation'.

As well as the conference programme, PIX will

include the industry's largest, most extensive

trade exhibition in Australia, an exciting social

programme and numerous workshops, includ-

ing the highly successful full-day tunnel venti-

lation workshop for broiler growers.

Third China White Broiler Industry Development CongressNanjing , Jiangsu Province, China, May 16th to 17th

How to improve the consumption volume while developing the broiler industry becomes a great con-

cern to the whole industry. In this regard, the 2012 Broiler Development Congress and Forum will be

organised by the China Animal Agriculture Association (CAAA) in collaboration with National Broiler

Science and Technology Network, Poultry International and International Animal Husbandry.

China Animal Husbandry Expo, organised by the China Animal Agriculture Association (CAAA), has

been held every May all over China since 2003. The 10th show follows this Congress and will be held

at the Nanjing International Expo Centre on 18 to 20 May 2012.

Looking for a company to fulfil your needs? Here is a comprehensivelisting of poultry industry companies sorted into market sectors.

For more businesses please visitwww.thepoultrysite.com/directory

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

48

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

HEALTH & WELFARE

CEVA Santé Animale is a global veterinary

health company focused on the research,

development, production and marketing of

pharmaceutical products and vaccines for

pets, livestock, swine and poultry.

Ceva Animal HealthTel: +33 (0) 557 554 040

Fax: +33 (0) 557 554 198

www.ceva.com

info@ceva.com

Areas:Pharmaceuticals

Vaccines

Equipment: Vaccination

and Medical)

Feed: Additives

MSD Animal Health offers veterinarians,

farmers, pet owners and governments the

widest range of veterinary pharmaceuticals,

vaccines and health management solutions

and services

MSD Animal HealthTel: +31 485 587961

Fax: +31 485 587643

Fredric.David@merck.com

marc.Coulier@merck.com

www.msd-animal-health.com

Areas:Feed: Safety Products

Feed: Additives

Feed

Cleaning/Disinfectants

Pharmaceuticals

Pfizer Animal Health had developed and

launched 18 new veterinary drugs since

2000, including several flagship products

today considered indispensible.

Pfizer Animal HealthTel: +1 919 941 5185

pgp.marketing@pfizer.com

animalhealth.pfizer.com

Areas:Pharmaceuticals

BREEDING & GENETICS

The Aviagen Group is the global market

leader in poultry genetics. As the world’s

premier poultry breeding company, Aviagen

develops pedigree lines for the production

of commercial broilers and turkeys.

AviagenTel: +1 256 890 3800

Fax: +1 256 890 3919

info@aviagen.com

www.aviagen.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

49

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

Cobb broiler breeding stock has the sus-

tained advantage of the most efficient feed

conversion and highest potential for prof-

itability for the company’s global customers.

Cobb VantressTel: +1 479 524 3166

Fax: +1 479 524 3043

info@cobb-vantress.com

www.cobb-vantress.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

Grimaud Fréres are a multi-species selec-

tion and breeding operator in the service

of the watefowls and festive poultry field.

Grimaud Fréres SelectionTel: +33 (0)2 41 70 36 90

Fax: +33 (0)2 41 70 31 67

grimaudfreres@

grimaudfreres.com

www.grimaudfreres.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

Hubbard provides solutions that focus on

the economic performance, health and

well-being of breeding stock. Hubbard spe-

cializes in state-of-the-art selection pro-

grams to improve the performance of their

pure lines.

HubbardTel: +33 296 79 63 70

Fax: +33 296 74 04 71

contact.emea@

hubbardbreeders.com

www.hubbardbreeders.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

Hy-Line International is a world leader in

poultry layer genetics with a rich history of

innovation. Hy-Line was the first poultry

breeding company to apply the principles

of hybridization to commercial layerbreed-

ing.

Hy-LineTel: +1 515 225 6030

Fax: +1 515 225 6030

info@hyline.com

www.hyline.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

NOVOGEN offers a new alternative giving

the egg producers more choice and possi-

bilities to fit their specific market require-

ments.

NovogenTel: +33 296 58 12 60

Fax: +33 296 58 12 61

contact.novogen@

novogen-layers

www.novogen-layers.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

Started off as a Broiler breeding company,

with pure line birds developed and bred

under Indian Climate, feed & management

since 1990.

Indbro PoultryTel: +91 (40) 241 5594

drkotaiah@

indbropoultry.com

www.indbro.com

Areas:Breeding

Genetics

BIOSECURITY & HYGIENE

CID LINES offers VIROCID, the most pow-

erful disinfectant, which is part of a hygiene

program for poultry, written by hygiene

specialists. VIROCID has a proven record in

preventing and fighting disease outbreaks

for many years.

CID LINESTel: +32 5721 7877

Fax: +32 5721 7879

info@cidlines.com

www.cidlines.com

Areas:Biosecurity

Cleaning

Feed: Additives

Health and Safety

Pest Control

Welfare

FOSSIL SHIELD + PCS Poultry, the solution

to your red mite problem. Unique

professional on-site electrostatic applica-

tion with Fossil shield, a non-toxic natural

diatomaceous powder.

PCS Poultry ServicesTel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812

Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376

admin@pcspoultry.com

www.pcspoultry.com

Areas:Biosecurity

Hygiene

Cleaning Services

Pest Control

FEEDING & NUTRITION

AB Vista is an integrated international sup-

plier of new generation micro-ingredients

for animal feeds providing visionary solu-

tions for your agribusiness.

AB VistaTel: +44 (0) 1672 517650

Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517660

info@abvista.com

www.abvista.com

Areas:Feed

Feed: Additives

Feed: Nutrition

BIOMIN offers sustainable animal nutrition

products such as quality feed additives and

premixes, which include solutions for my-

cotoxin risk management, a groundbreaking

natural growth promoting concept as well

as other specific solutions

BiominTel: +43 2782 803 0

Fax: +43 2782 803 30

office@biomin.net

www.biomin.net

Areas:Feed

Feed: Additives

Feed: Nutrition

Danisco’s ingredients are used globally in a

wide range of industries – from bakery,

dairy and beverages to animal feed, laundry

detergents and bioethanol – to enable func-

tional, economic and sustainable solutions

DaniscoTel: +44 (0) 1672 517777

Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517778

info.animalnutrition@

danisco.com

www.danisco.com/

animalnutrition

Areas:Feed: Additives

Evonik is fully committed to be a reliable

partner in delivering feed additives for ani-

mal nutrition turning the knowledge of its

global team into intelligent solutions.

EvonikTel: +49 6181 59 6765

Fax: +49 6181 59 6734

feed-additives@evonik.com

www.evonik.com

Areas:Feed

Feed: Additives

Feed: Safety

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

50

Meriden Animal Health Limited is a British

company specialising in the production and

distribution of natural feed additives, as well

as Meriden-branded animal health prod-

cucts, specifically developed to maximise

performance and increase overall returns.

Meridan Animal HealthTel: +44 (0) 1234 436130

Fax: +44 (0) 1234 436130

sales@meridan-ah.com

www.meriden-ah.com

Areas:Pharmaceuticals

Feed: Additives

Feed: Safety

Feed: Nutrition

Cleaning/Disinfectants

Kerry Animal Nutrition aims to identify and

commercialise existing Kerry ingredients

and technologies to create potential world

beaters in animal nutrition and health

Kerry Ingredients& Flavours EMEATel: +31 36 523 3100

Fax: +31 36 523 3110

clive.girdler@kerry.com

www.kerry.com

Areas:Feed

Feed: Additives

Feed: Safety

Novus International is a global leader of an-

imal health and nutrition programs for the

poultry, pork, beef, dairy aquaculture and

companion animal industries.

Novus InternationalTel: +1 314 576 8886

Fax: +1 314 576 2148

contact@novusint.com

www.novusint.com

Areas:Feed

Feed: Additives

Feed: Nutrition

HOUSING & EQUIPMENT

AgriLamp™ is a leading LED manufacturer

with years of experience in designing and

manufacturing the world’s most innovative

LED (light-emitting diode) lighting solutions

for the agricultural industry.

AgrilampTel: +44 (0) 1332 547 118

Fax: +44 (0) 208 439 1538

info@agrilamp.com

www.agrilamp.com

Areas:Equipment: Lighting &

Electrical

The poultry equipment supplier for layer

management, breeder management, poultry

growing and poultry climate control.

Big DutchmanTel: +49 4447 801 0

Fax: +49 4447 801 237

big@bigdutchman.de

www.bigdutchman.com

Areas:Equipment: Breeding

Equipment: Drinking

Equipment: Egg

Equipment: Feeding

Equipment: Weighing

A global market leader specializing in cli-

mate technology since 1967 in design, man-

ufacture and distribution of efficient/quality

heating, cooling and ventilation equipment

and systems for the poultry industry with

a full range of products to meet all specifi-

cation and applications.

Termotechnica PericoliTel: +39 0182 589006

Fax: +39 0182 589005

termotecnica@pericoli.com

www.pericoli.com

Areas:Climate Control

Climate Management

Heating, Cooling and

Ventilation

Vencomatic is a global supplier of innovative

and welfare friendly housing solutions for

the poultry sector. The flexible and turn key

solutions of Vencomatic offer large possibil-

ities for a wide range of poultry production

concepts.

VencomaticTel: +31 (0) 497 517380

Fax: +31 (0) 497 517364

info@vencomatic.com

www.vencomatic.com

Areas:Equipment: Breeding

Equipment: Drinking

Equipment: Egg

handling and grading

Equipment: Nesting

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

51

EVENTS & EXHIBITIONS

With 7 VIV exhibitions all over the world

VIV trade exhibitions are recognized for

high trade quality in the professional indus-

try. With over a 1,000 international compa-

nies exhibiting and visitors from over 140

countries the VIV-shows are also consid-

ered as very international.

VIVTel: +31 30 295 28 98

viv@vnuexhibitions.com

www.viv.net

Areas:Events & Exhibitions

Petersime is a world leader in the develop-

ment of incubators. hatchery equipment

and turnkey hatcheries.

PetersimeTel: +32 9 388 96 11

Fax: +32 9 388 84 58

info@petersime

www.petersime.com

Areas:Equipment: Hatching

Equipment: Incubation

Pas Reform is an international company,

which has specialized in the development

of innovative hatchery technologies for the

poultry sector since 1919. Products and

Services: Incubators, Hatchery Automation

Systems, Hatchery Climate Control Sys-

tems and Hatchery Management Training.

Pas ReformTel: +31 314 659 111

Fax: +31 314 652 572

info@pasreform.com

www.pasreform.com

Areas:Equipment: Incubation

Equipment: Egg

Equipment: Environment

Equipment: Hatching

Waste Handling

INCUBATION & HATCHING

EggTester.com (officially known as “Orka

Food Technology”) is a leading worldwide

manufacturer of egg-quality testing equip-

ment to be used extensively in QC labora-

tories operated by egg producers, packers,

universities, regulatory authorities, and pri-

mary breeders.

Orka Food TechnologyTel: +852 8120 9245

Fax: +852 2802 7112

info@orkatech.com

www.eggtester.com

Areas:Equipment: Egg

Equipment: Hatching

Equipment: Incubation

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS

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