the preterite tense. what are the uses of the preterite tense? 1) to talk about specific actions,...
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The Preterite The Preterite TenseTense
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What are the uses of the Preterite What are the uses of the Preterite Tense?Tense?
1) To talk about specific 1) To talk about specific actions, completed at a actions, completed at a specific time in the past. specific time in the past.
Example: Ayer yo fui al Example: Ayer yo fui al centro comercial. centro comercial.
Yesterday I went to the Yesterday I went to the mall.mall.
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What are the uses of the Preterite What are the uses of the Preterite Tense?Tense?
2) To talk about successive 2) To talk about successive completed events.completed events.
Example: Esta mañana yo me Example: Esta mañana yo me desperté a las cinco, me desperté a las cinco, me levanté a las cinco y diez, me levanté a las cinco y diez, me duché, me vestí, me cepillé los duché, me vestí, me cepillé los dientes y salí para la escuela.dientes y salí para la escuela.
This morning I woke up, got up, This morning I woke up, got up, showerd, got dressed…etc. showerd, got dressed…etc.
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Expressions Used to Help Expressions Used to Help Identify the Preterite TenseIdentify the Preterite Tense
ayer – ayer – yesterdayyesterday anteayer- anteayer- the day before yestthe day before yest anoche – anoche – last nightlast night la semana pasada – la semana pasada – last weeklast week el año pasado- el año pasado- last yearlast year el fin de semana pasado – el fin de semana pasado – last last
weekendweekend
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Expressions Used to Help Expressions Used to Help Identify the Imperfect TenseIdentify the Imperfect Tense
el verano pasadoel verano pasado – last – last summersummer
una vez – una vez – one timeone time un día – un día – one dayone day de repente – de repente – suddenlysuddenly de pronto - de pronto - suddenlysuddenly finalmente –finalmente –finallyfinally
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Uses of the Preterite TenseUses of the Preterite Tense 3) To talk about actions 3) To talk about actions that interrupt other that interrupt other activities. activities.
Example: Mientras yo Example: Mientras yo miraba la tele, mi amigo miraba la tele, mi amigo llegó.llegó.
While I was watching TV, While I was watching TV, my friend my friend arrived.arrived.
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Uses of the Preterite TenseUses of the Preterite Tense 4) The beginning and end of 4) The beginning and end of certain states or situations.certain states or situations.
Example: La clase Example: La clase empezóempezó a a las siete. las siete.
The class began at seven.The class began at seven. Example: Después de la Example: Después de la cena, ella cena, ella se durmió.se durmió.
After dinner she fell asleep.After dinner she fell asleep.
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How do I conjugate in the Preterite How do I conjugate in the Preterite Tense?Tense?
You drop the ENDING You drop the ENDING and add a given set of and add a given set of endings to the STEM. endings to the STEM.
Are there stem changes?Are there stem changes?Yes! In the sandal of “-Yes! In the sandal of “-ir” verbs only. ir” verbs only.
(e(ei , oi , ou)u)
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How do I conjugate in the Preterite How do I conjugate in the Preterite Tense?Tense? Are there spelling changes?Are there spelling changes?
Yes! In the “yo” form of “-ar” verbs (-Yes! In the “yo” form of “-ar” verbs (-gar, -car, -zar)…gar, -car, -zar)…
c c qu qu g g gu gu z z c c … …and in the sandal of “-er/-ir” verbs and in the sandal of “-er/-ir” verbs whose stem ends in a vowel. whose stem ends in a vowel.
(i(iy)y) Are there irregulars? Are there irregulars?
Yes! There are lots of irregulars Yes! There are lots of irregulars including “special” stems which have including “special” stems which have “special” endings. “special” endings.
• GUSTAR: Two forms-gustó / gustaronGUSTAR: Two forms-gustó / gustaron
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Uses of the Preterite TenseUses of the Preterite Tense haber – hubo haber – hubo there was/there werethere was/there were This implies that an event This implies that an event “took place, ocurred”“took place, ocurred”
Example: Hubo un Example: Hubo un accidente. accidente.
There was an accident.There was an accident.
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Imperfect Tense EndingsImperfect Tense Endings“-AR” VERBS“-AR” VERBS
-ó
-aste-é -amos
-asteis-aron
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comprar – to buycomprar – to buy
compré
compraron
comprasteis
compramos
comprastecompró
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““-ar verbs” -ar verbs” Verbs that end in “-gar, -Verbs that end in “-gar, -car, -zar” have a spelling car, -zar” have a spelling change before the change before the -é-é ending of the “yo” form. ending of the “yo” form.
c c qu qu g g gu gu z z c c There are There are no stem changesno stem changes in ”-ar” verbs of the in ”-ar” verbs of the preterite tense.preterite tense.
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buscar – to look buscar – to look forfor
busqué
buscaron
buscasteis
buscamos
buscaste
buscó
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pagar – to paypagar – to pay
pagué
pagaron
pagasteis
pagamos
pagaste
pagó
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empezar – to empezar – to beginbegin
empecé
empezaron
empezasteis
empezamos
empezasteempezó
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jugar – to playjugar – to play
jugué
jugaron
jugasteis
jugamos
jugastejugó
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Imperfect Tense EndingsImperfect Tense Endings“-ER/-IR” VERBS“-ER/-IR” VERBS
-ió
-iste-í -imos
-isteis-ieron
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comer – to eatcomer – to eat
comí
comieron
comisteis
comimos
comiste
comió
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vivir – to livevivir – to live
viví
vivieron
vivisteis
vivimos
viviste
vivió
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ir - to goir - to go
fui
fueron
fuisteis
fuimos
fuiste
fue
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ser - to beser - to be
fui
fueron
fuisteis
fuimos
fuiste
fue
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ver – to seever – to see
-vio
-viste-vi -vimos
-visteis-vieron
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dar – to givedar – to give
-dio
-diste
-di -dimos-disteis-dieron
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““-aer, -eer, -uir verbs” -aer, -eer, -uir verbs” Verbs that end in “-aer, -eer, Verbs that end in “-aer, -eer, -uir” have a spelling change -uir” have a spelling change in the sandal of iin the sandal of iy. y.
ió ió yó yó ieron ieron yeron yeron ““-aer” & “-eer” verbs have -aer” & “-eer” verbs have accents on every “I” outside accents on every “I” outside of the sandal. of the sandal.
““-uir” verbs have the same -uir” verbs have the same accents as usual (weak accents as usual (weak vowels)vowels)
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-aer, -eer verbs -aer, -eer verbs (add accents to these)(add accents to these) caerse – to fallcaerse – to fall leer – to readleer – to read creer – to think, believecreer – to think, believe
oír – to hear oír – to hear
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oír – to hearoír – to hear (notice accents) (notice accents)
-oyó
-oíste
-oí -oímos-oísteis-oyeron
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leer – to readleer – to read (notice accents) (notice accents)
-leyó
-leíste
-leí -leímos
-leísteis-leyeron
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caerse – to fallcaerse – to fall (notice accents) (notice accents)
- se cayó
-te caíste
-me caí
-nos caímos-os caísteis-se cayeron
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-uir verbs -uir verbs (regular accents)(regular accents) construir – to build, construir – to build, constructconstruct
destruir – to destroydestruir – to destroy influir – to influenceinfluir – to influence concluir – to concludeconcluir – to conclude
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influir – to influenceinfluir – to influence (normal accents)(normal accents)
-influyó
-influiste
-influí
-influimos-
influisteis-influyeron
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pedir – to ask forpedir – to ask for (e (ei)i)
-pidió
-pediste
-pedí -pedimos
-pedisteis
-pidieron
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preferir – to preferpreferir – to prefer (e (ei)i)
prefirió
preferiste
preferí
preferimospreferisteisprefirieron
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dormir – to sleepdormir – to sleep (o (ou)u)
durmió
dormiste
dormí dormimos
dormisteis
durmieron
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reír to laughreír to laugh (e (ei) i) accent and spelling issues!accent and spelling issues!
rió
reíste
reí reímos
reísteis
rieron
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Verbs with “Special Stems”Verbs with “Special Stems” There are a set of verbs There are a set of verbs that have an irregular stem. that have an irregular stem.
This stem is used This stem is used throughout the entire verb throughout the entire verb chart. chart.
They also use a different They also use a different set of endings. set of endings.
They don’t have any They don’t have any accents! accents!
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Endings for Verbs with Endings for Verbs with “Special Stems” “Special Stems”
-o
-iste-e -imos
-isteis
-ieron
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Verbs with “Special Stems”Verbs with “Special Stems”hacer hacer hic- hic-
hiz- in the él/ella hiz- in the él/ella formform
querer querer quis- quis-venir venir vin – vin –
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Verbs with “Special Stems”Verbs with “Special Stems” decir decir dij- dij- conducir conducir conduj- conduj- producir producir produj- produj- traducir traducir traduj- traduj- traer traer traj- traj- In all of these verbs the “i” In all of these verbs the “i” is dropped from “-ieron”is dropped from “-ieron”
(dijeron, condujeron, (dijeron, condujeron, trajeron etc.)trajeron etc.)
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Verbs with “Special Stems”Verbs with “Special Stems”andar andar anduv- anduv-tener tener tuv- tuv-estar estar estuv- estuv-poder poder pud- pud-poner poner pus- pus-saber saber sup- sup-
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querer – to wantquerer – to want
quise
quisieron
quisisteis
quisimos
quisiste
quiso
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saber – to knowsaber – to know
supe
supieron
supisteis
supimos
supiste
supo
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conducir – to driveconducir – to drive
conduje
condujeron
condujisteis
condujimos
condujistecondujo
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andar – to walkandar – to walk
anduve
anduvieron
anduvisteis
anduvimos
anduviste
anduvo