the private and the public: identity and politics in...

The Private and the Public: Identity and Politics in Virtual Space

Nathanael Edward Bassett, [email protected] School of Media Studies, The New School

Presented at Media In Transition 8, Cambridge, MA, May 5, 2013

Biography

Nathanael Bassett is a graduate student in the Media Studies Program at the New School. He is also an artist/instructor at Youth Rights Media in New Haven, Connecticut, and does freelance videography work for non-profit and advocacy media. His interests include participatory culture, identity, the public sphere and virtual community. He is currently doing research into hackathons with Prof. Nitin Sawhney and Christo de Clerk of The New School.

Expanded Abstract

The use of digital networks and and social media have transformed our understanding

of both personal and collective identity, but have also created a crisis in our self concept.

While older forms of media depended on hierarchical structures of control, "interactive

media move the locus of control to the individual.”1 In the remediation of our society to

this form, we see recursive affects not only in how older media redefine themselves in the

image of a new medium, but more importantly in how we redefine ourselves to a public

we represent and by which we are represented. The public sphere becomes more “public”

and inclusive by our deliberate participation and its influence on our self-concept. The

space becomes one where there are a number of possibilities. Either dominant and

hegemonic discourses are remediated due to the issues of ownership, control, and

accessibility of the medium,2 or the medium assists the construction of counter-publics by

marginalized groups.3

These counter-publics are publics with a different set of qualities and expectations for

their members, in that they “fashion their own subjectivities around the requirements of

public circulation and stranger-sociability,” as Michael Warner writes.4 But recursive

theme of self and community comes at odds with our past concept of identity. There is a

tension between the “online” and the “offline” persona we adopt. The oscillating sense of

self is one feature that sets the digital public and identity aside from its predecessor, part

of our crisis of “private and public.”

In the digital public, we are co-constructing self and collective identity by

collaborative and personal efforts. Christopher Kelty uses the term “recursive public” to

describe a particular type of public that is self-aware, cognizant and reconciling “the

ability to build, control, modify, and maintain the infrastructure that allows them to come

into being in the first place,”5 specifically, communities of open source developers and

free software advocates. These groups reorient their sense of power, knowledge through

direct involvement in governance and are adaptable above all else, while staying open

and available to others. They represent a type of collective intelligence who are willing to

alter the frameworks of their interaction, and they seize the responsibility and agency to

define and control their social ontology. In this sense, they are similar to the network

society of Manuel Castell, where subjects become engaged in identity building in the

form of project identity, specifically from communal resistance to oppressive cultural

institutions.6

The digital public is an ideal space for this type of identity building, because it has a

history with societies of anonymity, with privacy and self-efficacy being key values. It

MIT8: Private and the Public Bassett 2

also welcomes oppositional societies by engendering counter-publics as mentioned

above, but also through the “cyber-balkanization”7 of online communities created by

users. Lastly there is a contention within the “virtual commons between community8 and

custodianship.9 Agency of the group members in spaces like Facebook define how

recursive the groups are, and to what degree people are invested in the community.

Greater agency means a type of collectivity which is less homogenous, more flexible, and

open to participation, where users go beyond affiliation with the group, and are directly

responsible for how it operates and the way it is perceived by others. This is the second

part of the “private and the public” identity crisis.

The two sets of identity crisis that happen during the remediation of self-concept to

the digital public are private or individualist concerns, and public or collective concerns.

Personalist concerns relate to how we see our own identity as augmented and affected

through our participation in digital publics. Anonymity and fragmentation, as well as the

nature of our behavior and interaction with others, are poorly understood as strong

binaries10 (online/offline, private/public) which should be reconciled with critiques of

“digital dualism” as posited by Nathan Jurgenson11 and others.

Collective or public concerns exist regarding our relationship to others and the groups

we identify with. Strong collectives are monoliths which cooperate through individual

compliance, and the collective identity is a “mask” adopted by the participants.12 But this

traditional view of collectivity directly contrasts the recursive public of co-construction,

operating through “weak ties”13 as the group articulates its own identity, motivations and

agenda. Media democratization and digital publics engender this weak collectivity, where


individuals are represented and not merely participating. While we are contributing to

and helping to inform communal characteristics, we are also informed by the features of

the group itself. The greater our agency or individual autonomy as participants of a

public, the more recursion works as a feature of that collective.

Work on identity has gone from the experimenting with self-concepts14 to the

identification of our online activity as part of a real self.15 But this digital activity leaves

an exact record unlike anything in the “offline” world, eliciting personal concerns about

privacy and whether or not to engage or experiment in identity politics. Likewise,

movements like OccupyWallStreet and open data advocates highlight issues of collective

identity. Those counterpublics use horizontal, networked power to let participants

contribute more actively to define their stakes and motivations. For both, the recursive

model of greater agency and involvement with the digital public may provide a way of

thinking about identity in the network society.


Notes

1. Bolter, J David, and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000), 55.

2. T.A Van Dijk, “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse & Society 4, no. 2 (1993): 255–257.

3. Lincoln Dahlberg, “The Internet, Deliberative Democracy, and Power: Radicalizing the Public Sphere.” International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 3, no. 1 (2007): 56.

4. Michael Warner, “Publics and Counterpublics.” Public Culture 14 (January 2002): 87.

5. Kelty, Christopher M. Two Bits. (Durham: Duke University Press Books, 2008). 3.

6. Castells, Manuel. The Power of Identity. (Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010). 10-11.

7. Sunstein, Cass R. Republic.com 2.0. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009). 1-18

8. Alan Liu, “Friending the Past: the Sense of History and Social Computing.” New Literary History,42, no. 1 (2011): 19

9. Philip N. Howard, “Deep Democracy, Thin Citizenship: the Impact of Digital Media in Political Campaign Strategy.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 597, no. 1 (January, 2005): 169.

10. Helen Kennedy, “Beyond Anonymity, or Future Directions for Internet Identity Research.” New Media & Society 8, no. 6 (2006): 873.

11. Nathan Jurgenson, “Strong and Mild Digital Dualism” Cyborgology Oct 29, 2012. Accessed April 5, 2013. http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/10/29/strong-and-mild-digital-dualism/

12. Gabriella Coleman. “Our Weirdness Is Free.” Triple Canopy, no. 15 (January 2012). http://canopycanopycanopy.com/15/our_weirdness_is_free.

13. Mark S Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (1973): 1360–1380.

14. Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen. Identity in the Age of the Internet. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995)

15. Stéphane Vial, “There is no difference between the "real" and the "virtual": a brief phenomenologyof digital revolution” (paper presented at Theorizing the Web 2013, New York, NY, March 2, 2013)


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http://Ethanzuckerman.com

As a student and producer of media, I have a deep fascination on the way technology and communication coalesce. I want to understand, master, and pass on the skills and knowledge how we can use media to change ourselves and our world, by messages and strategies that challenge problems and inspire progress.

M.A., MEDIA STUDIES, EXPECTED GRADUATION, DECEMBER 2013

The New School, New York, NY

B.A., MASS MEDIA, MINOR IN POLITICAL SCIENCE, CUM LAUDE, MAY 2011

Missouri State University, Springfield, MO

TEACHING ASSISTANT, THE NEW SCHOOL: NEW YORK, NYJANUARY 2013 - MAY 2013

TA for Nitin Sawhney and Melanie Creen on a course in Interventionist Aesthetics, investigating how art, design, and technology can be leveraged to develop creative and tactical responses to critical political issues.

FREELANCE VIDEOGRAPHYOCTOBER 2012 - PRESENT

Non-profit and advocacy media for web - clients include CT Voices for Children, United Way of Greater New Haven, and the Arts Council of Greater New Haven.

ARTIST/INSTRUCTOR, YOUTH RIGHTS MEDIA: NEW HAVEN, CTJANUARY 2012 - PRESENT

I teach media literacy skills to high-school aged youth, by developing curriculum and programming during for my class times, as well as helping to develop and consulting on overarching projects for the year-long program.

NEW MEDIA CONSULTANT, PRISCO CONSULTING, LLC: MILFORD, CT AUGUST 2011 - DECEMBER, 2011

I worked with a small public relations firm to incorporate new media strategies for local and client businesses to implement. I also held a workshop in which I presented how community businesses could engage audiences through social media.

NEW MEDIA SPECIALIST, MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY: SPRINGFIELD, MOJANUARY 2009 - MAY 2011

I was responsible for engaging students, staff, faculty and alumni in the university community through the web. I created a social media guide for university units to use our online content system, or engage their own audiences via social media. I helped manage content through SQL database management, created 3d models for Google Maps, and produced a series of web videos on behalf of the university, which have had thousands of views.

[email protected] | 203-400-8203

80 Country LaneMilford, Connecticut 06461

t# [email protected]

NATHANAEL EDWARD

BASSETT

EDUCATION

PROFESSIONALEXPERIENCE

OBJECTIVE

mailto:[email protected]




• Recursive Identities in Sociopolitical Movements: A Case Study of HackathonsCritical Themes in Media Studies 2013 (cowritten with Daniel Kim)

• The Private and the Public: Identity and Politics in Virtual Space MiT8, May 2013

SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE OUTREACH INTERN, DEMOCRACY NOW!: NEW YORK, NY AUGUST 2011 - NOVEMBER, 2011

I worked with the Social Media & Online Outreach Coordinator to identify and implement strategies for increasing web traffic and viewership of the daily news program. We located and reached out to communities of interest, possible audiences, as well as responding to engagement from our existing audience across Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.

PRODUCTION ASSISTANT, CAPTURED TIME PRODUCTIONS: LITCHFIELD, CTMAY, 2010 - AUGUST, 2010

I worked with documentary filmmaker Harvey Hubbell V. in post-production on his film, “Dislecksia: The Movie.” My role was to organize outreach and draft correspon-dence to advocates, backers and and investors, including high-profile individuals who we solicited to appear in the film. I also researched grant opportunities and crowd funding options, such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo. Later funding campaigns run from Kickstarter were successful in funding the final work needed for the project.

Critical Thinking Copywriting / Design Videography

Teaching MS Office & iWork Premiere Pro

Research Google Docs Final Cut Pro

Content Management Illustrator AVID

Interviews Photoshop Motion/AfterEffects

(Additional projects available on personal blog at http://mrliterati.com)

• Thesis in Progress - Recursive Collective Identities: A Case Study of Hackathons

• Remember Me: Municipal Memorials for New Haven: municipalmemorial.orgSpring 2012

• Helping Youth Find Their Voice: The Role of Media in Youth Organizingsubmitted to Berkman Center for Internet & Society: Kinder & Braver World Project: Research Series

• ‘Hood Hub - collaborative concept for immigrant community resources Feburary 2012

• “Proslambanomenos” sound art pieceFebruary 2012

• “Derelict Reality” experimental videoDecember 2011


ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE

SKILLS

OTHER PROJECTS

CONFERENCE PAPERS

http://mrliterati.com

http://mrliterati.com



Associate EditorItineration Online JournalAugust 2012 - Present

The New School: Departmental Merit ScholarshipFall 2011 - Spring 2013

The New School: Dean’s ScholarshipFall 2011 - Spring 2013

Co-Presenter: Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Paper Tiger Television: Designs For a Rrradical New Media event, February 24, 2012

Missouri State University Dean’s ListFall 2009, Spring 2009, Fall 2008, Fall 2007, Spring 2006, Fall 2005

Missouri State University:The Underground student newspaper Feature WriterFall 2008 to Fall 2009

Missouri State University: University Relations Employee of the MonthJanuary 2010

Pi Sigma Alpha: Political Science Honor SocietySeptember 2009 – January 2010

Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society2005 – 2007

Gateway Community College The Pride Student Newspaper, Feature Writer/Co-editorSeptember 2004 – December 2005

AT MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY: Multimedia Journalism

Political Communication Media Analysis and Criticism

Media In Politics Mass Media Theory

Introduction to Film Issues in Media Ethics

Digital Film and Media Production Principles of Cinematography

AT THE NEW SCHOOL: Media Studies: Ideas

Civic Media and Tactical Design Designing Methodologies for Studying Media

Digital Media Theory Participate Research and Inquiry

Projects in Advocacy Media Discourse Analysis

Public Opinion Amid Socialand Antisocial Media

Grantseeking

Political Media, Activist & Advocacy Media, Digital Media and the Public Sphere, Cybernetics, Industrialized Consciousness, Collective Identity

Media Literacy, Media Analysis & Criticism, Media Theory


PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

TEACHING INTERESTS

RESEARCH INTERESTS

HONORS &

ACTIVITIES



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