The Progressive EraThe Progressive EraMuckrakersMuckrakers

Industrial EconomyIndustrial Economy

Social ProblemsSocial Problems

UnionsUnions

Spirit of Progressivism Spirit of Progressivism (p.656-7)(p.656-7)1) Populist Roots: but more urban, 1) Populist Roots: but more urban,

educatededucated2) Problems: big business, labor, social 2) Problems: big business, labor, social

welfare, city. Not anti-capitalismwelfare, city. Not anti-capitalism3) Evil lured underneath American life3) Evil lured underneath American life

expose the evil, and reform will followexpose the evil, and reform will follow4) Good people & good laws will reform 4) Good people & good laws will reform

U.S.U.S.5) Protestant, small town upbringing5) Protestant, small town upbringing6) “Creative Nostalgia,” conservative6) “Creative Nostalgia,” conservative7) Unique: a reform movement during 7) Unique: a reform movement during

prosperous timesprosperous times

Muckrakers: 1903-1909Muckrakers: 1903-1909

• From Yellow Journalism: reporter cloutFrom Yellow Journalism: reporter clout

• Objective press: not political party Objective press: not political party paperspapers

• Expose Evil: big business, politics, drugs, Expose Evil: big business, politics, drugs, food, consumers, insurance, prostitutionfood, consumers, insurance, prostitution

• Samuel McClureSamuel McClure

• Ida Tarbell: expose on Standard OilIda Tarbell: expose on Standard Oil– Led to break up of Standard OilLed to break up of Standard Oil

• Upton Sinclair: The JungleUpton Sinclair: The Jungle– Led to Food & Drug AdministrationLed to Food & Drug Administration

Industrial Economy:1900-Industrial Economy:1900-19171917• Prosperity: more inventions, incomes Prosperity: more inventions, incomes

– Rise, farm prices rise, middle class grows.Rise, farm prices rise, middle class grows.

• Henry Ford & the Model T (Photo)Henry Ford & the Model T (Photo)– Assembly line, cheap cars for the masses Assembly line, cheap cars for the masses – Car industry huge impact, roadsCar industry huge impact, roads

• Consolidation: OligopoliesConsolidation: Oligopolies• White collar class grows, changes White collar class grows, changes

– Middle class cultureMiddle class culture

• Frederick Taylor: scientific Frederick Taylor: scientific managementmanagement

• Factory WorkFactory Work

Henry FordHenry Ford

Assembly Line: 1 car 93 Assembly Line: 1 car 93 min.min.

Model T: $850, 15 million Model T: $850, 15 million soldsold

Women & Child LaborWomen & Child Labor

• One Third young women workedOne Third young women worked

• Clerical jobs, discouraged from Clerical jobs, discouraged from professionsprofessions

• Florence Kelly: Child LaborFlorence Kelly: Child Labor

• Margaret Singer: Birth ControlMargaret Singer: Birth Control

• Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (photo)(photo)

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: 19111911

African AmericansAfrican Americans

• Jim Crow Laws, 8/10 blacks rural farmersJim Crow Laws, 8/10 blacks rural farmers

• Lynching: 1900-1914 about 1000 lynchedLynching: 1900-1914 about 1000 lynched

• W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois

• Niagra Movement: help voting rights, Niagra Movement: help voting rights, – Fight Jim Crow laws, legal inequality, povertyFight Jim Crow laws, legal inequality, poverty

• NAACP 1910: legal advocates for blacksNAACP 1910: legal advocates for blacks

• Crisis: Du Bois’ magazine for the NAACPCrisis: Du Bois’ magazine for the NAACP

Waco 1916Waco 1916

Oklahoma 1916Oklahoma 1916

Florida 1935Florida 1935

Unions GrowUnions Grow

• 1900 about 1 million union members1900 about 1 million union members

• 1920 about 5 million, or 13% of 1920 about 5 million, or 13% of workersworkers

• American Federation of Workers (AFL) American Federation of Workers (AFL) Samuel Gompers, skilled workers, 1.7mSamuel Gompers, skilled workers, 1.7m

• Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Bill “Big Bill” Haywood, more radical,Bill “Big Bill” Haywood, more radical,– All workers, foreigners, women and blacksAll workers, foreigners, women and blacks

Leisure & EntertainmentLeisure & Entertainment

• Young pop., more time and moneyYoung pop., more time and money

• Movies: 10 million per weekMovies: 10 million per week

• Birth of a Nation: D.W. GriffithBirth of a Nation: D.W. Griffith

• Music: Records, Ragtime, Jazz, Music: Records, Ragtime, Jazz, DancesDances

• Baseball, College Football, BoxingBaseball, College Football, Boxing

• Vaudeville (photos)Vaudeville (photos)

Vaudeville theatreVaudeville theatre

Ziegfeld’s FolliesZiegfeld’s Follies