the psychology of energy conservation: are you smarter than a refrigerator?
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Stanford ARPA-E Initiative:Energy Reductions
Through Sensors, Feedback, & Information Technology
June A. FloraPrecourt Energy Efficiency Center
Principal Investigator: Byron Reeves Department of Communication
Project Director: Carrie Armel Precourt Energy Efficiency Center
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Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) • First FOA: 3,700 applications 37 awards (1 behavioral)• Stanford theme: “Leveraging wireless energy sensors with behavioral
science methods to maximize energy savings”• Duration: 2 years beginning April 1, 2010
Interdisciplinary• 20 projects• 15 faculty• 10 departments, 5 schools, 5 centers • 30+ students
•
Precourt Energy Efficiency Center
Stanford Prevention Research Center
Center for Integrated Facility Engineering
Human Sciences and Technologies Advanced Research Institute
Design for Change Lab
Stanford ARPA-E Initiative: Energy Reductions Through Sensors, Feedback, & Information Technology
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The opportunity
• A 10% reduction in energy use will lower the quantity of fossil fuels consumed and CO2 emissions produced by an amount roughly equal to a 25-fold increase in wind plus solar power, or a doubling of nuclear power (Sweeney, 2007).
• Much of the opportunity involves behavior change
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The problem• Billions spent gathering information
• Smart sensors and infrastructure• Tons of information
• But energy efficiency information is often dull• Smart sensors alone will not change behavior• Complex User Interfaces• Problems are distant• Feedback separated from behavior• “What I get” not obvious (even $)
• Behavior change requires user engagement with energy information, skills to change, and motivation to maintain
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The behaviors
• Eliminate wasted energy
• Purchase, install, and properly use technology
• Use settings & controls
• Maintenance of energy using appliances
• New behaviors that are lower energy
• Increase repeat behaviors
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Integration of components
Energy sensors(Smart meters
Home Area Networks (HAN)+
Web enabledcomputers and mobile devices
+Feedback
(visualization, informative, interactive, fun, normative)
+Behavior Change Interventions
(Games, incentives, competitions, curricula)
Utility Company
Utility Company
Central Server
Household Energy
Reduction
Household Energy
Reduction
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Community•Girl Scouts
•Retrofit Programs
Media•Feedback Interface •Multiplayer Game•Video Vignettes
•Web 2.0•Desktop Dashboard Gadget
•Phone apps
Technology •Sensors & Networking
•Computational Infrastructure•Behavior Related Analytics
Cross-Cutting Projects•Computer infrastructure for prototyping & analysis•Foundational work to inform interventions•Large-scale engineering & economic modeling
The Plan: Complementary Interventions
Policy•Novel Incentives
•Markets•Nudges to Purchase
EE Appliances
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The scaleable benefits1. Reduce residential & SMB energy use:
Use quantification to enable:• Feedback – personal and social • Social games• Incentives • Competitions • Data visualization
2. Refine sensor hardware and communication protocols
3. Develop programs: Create best practices with unprecedented speed, ease, cost, and scale
4. Transform evaluation: Ability to rapidly assess program efficacy
5. Improve economic and energy models to inform policy