the quality agenda for uk nephrology charlie tomson president, renal association spr club meeting,...
TRANSCRIPT
The Quality Agenda for UK nephrology
Charlie Tomson
President, Renal Association
SpR club meeting, London, Saturday 18th September 2010
Conflicts of interest
• No financial or other relationships with pharmaceutical companies for at least the last 5 years, in particular no– Directorships– Advisory boards– Free trips to conferences– Free lunches or dinners
• ACCEA Silver award
Outline
• Dimensions of quality
• Quality improvement in healthcare
• The political context, 2010
• Quality in nephrology
• QI in nephrology
Why am I here?
• (because I was hoping to get to the Saturday night SpR club drinking session)
• Social and Political Science part II • Long involvement in RA standards and
guidelines (including CKD guidelines)• 1y Health Foundation Quality
Improvement Fellowship at Institute for Healthcare Improvement
• 4y as UKRR chairman
Dimensions of quality
• Safe – no needless harm• Timely – no needless waits• Efficient – maximise health gain per £• Effective – evidence-based• Equitable – irrespective of race, literacy, income,
BMI• Patient-centred – the patient at the centre• Sustainable – meet the needs of today without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Quality Improvement mantras
• If you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it• Every system is perfectly designed to
deliver the results it delivers• Human beings make mistakes, and
attention to human factors can reduce risk• Achieving change in complex
organisations requires ‘profound knowledge’ as well as subject matter knowledge
Appreciation of a System
Understanding Variation
Theory of Knowledge Psycholog
y
V
alues
The political context
• Darzi ‘Next Stage Review’ – focus on clinical dimensions of quality (safe, effective, patient-centred)
• Quality, Innovation, Prevention, Productivity programme
• ‘Flat cash’ funding
• Coalition White Paper – ‘nothing about me without me
Byrne C et al. UKRR 12th Annual Report, Chapter 4. Nephron Clin Pract 2010;115 (suppl 1): c41-c68
Rising numbers, flat cash: a perfect storm
Andrew Lansley: priorities
• Patients: no decision about us without us
• Focus on outcomes, not process targets
• Empower professionals to deliver
• Prioritise prevention to reduce inequity
• Integrate health and social care
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/MediaCentre/Speeches/DH_116643
DH/IC Indicators for Quality Improvement
LT12 % of all dialysis patients aged <55y on Tp WL
13 Timely referral to kidney unit
14a HD patients with Hb 10.5-12.5
14b PD patients with Hb 10.5-12.5
15 HD patients with adequate URR
16 Survival (after 90 days) ????
17 HD patients with PO4 1.1-1.8
18 PD patients with PO4 1.1-1.8
19 RRT patients with MRSA blood stream infections ???
20 BP for PD and transplant pts <130/80
21 HD patients with HCO3 within lab NR
22 PD patients with HCO3 within lab NR
Q: What’s this got to do with me?
• I’m a renal SpR, not a manager
• I’m not the Clinical Director
• If they want better care, they need to spend more money
• My responsibility is to the patient in front of me
A:
• “It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory”
W. Edwards Deming
Quality of renal care
• Safe
• Timely
• Efficient
• Effective
• Equitable
• Patient-Centred
• Sustainable
Safety of renal care
• (covered by Simon Watson last SpR club)• NPSA signals – mostly related to HD,
equipment• Drug interactions• Drug-induced leucopenia• In-hospital pulmonary oedema• Anticoagulation control• Infection control – C Diff, line infections,
pneumonia
Timeliness of renal care
• Multiple clinic visits– Nephrology– Vascular mapping– Vascular access– Education– Psychology– Transplant assessment– + all the other specialties involved
Effectiveness of renal care
• Evidence-based care: reliable implementation of available evidence
• Dialysis dose
• ?phosphate control?
• Protocol-based management of vasculitis according to RCT evidence
• Protocol-based transplant management
Efficiency in kidney care?
• Increasing focus on who starts RRT and when– Benefits amongst elderly pts with co-
morbidity/nursing home residents?– eGFR at start (including pre-emptive Tp)
• Increasing focus on reducing waste in each clinical pathway
• Alternative: go back to overt or covert rationing
Efficiency of renal care
• Reducing cost per case
• Complicated by primary/secondary care funding split– Payment per episode– Higher payments for RRT vs conservative– Higher payments for admissions with
complications vs no complications
• 80% of NHS costs are salaries
Guy’s/RA: reducing costs of kidney care: 17th Sept 2010
• Nick Richards (Fresenius): – achieve adequate URR by increasing t and Qb;
reduce clinical waste; stop employing ‘co-ordinators’ and talk to each other; link payments to outcome measures
• Lisa Burnapp (DH, Guy’s)– Do more pre-emptive LRD transplants
• Patrick Harnett (Southend)– Rationalise use of ambulance transport for dialysis
• Richard Fluck (Derby)– Reduce access-related infections, pneumonia
Guy’s/RA: reducing costs of kidney care: 17th Sept 2010 - 2
• Sandip Mitra (Manchester)– Expand use of home HD
• Peter Rutherford (Baxter)– Increase use of PD as initial therapy by working on
shared decision-making• Charlie Tomson (Bristol)
– Reduce low-added-value OP appointments• Frances Mortimer (Campaign for Greener HC)
– Reduce Carbon and save money• Jane Macdonald (Hope)
– Reduce use of bank nurses and reduce long-term sickness absence
Rosansky SJ. Kidney International 2009; 76: 257-261
“Rising tide” of ESRD due to earlier start?
Survival from day 1 vs eGFR at start: EDTA-ERA
Stel V et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24; 3175-3182
Stel V et al. NDT 2010; doi 10.1093/ndt/gfq209
eGFR at start in Europe, 1999 and 2003
828 patients with eGFR 10-15 randomised to start at eGFR 10-14 vs 5-7 (+clinical discretion)
Median time from randomisation 1.8 vs 7.4 months
Median eGFR at start 12.0 vs 9.8
NEJM 2010; 363: 609-619
NEJM 2009; 361: 1539-1547
Carson R. CJASN 2009; 4: 1611-1619
Survival from eGFR 10.8 ml/min/1.73m2
Supply-led demand?
• Unused haemodialysis facilities make it difficult to balance the budget
• Commercially provided satellite or main unit HD facilities have a vested interest in keeping patients on satellite or main unit HD
• PbR provides financial incentives for RRT over Maximal Conservative Care
Equity of renal care
• Same opportunity to benefit from healthcare irrespective of – Ethnic origin– Cultural origin– Literacy– Income– Educational status– Social class– Language– Geography
Socioeconomic factors in RRT acceptance rate
N
EW
S
Age-gender standardised rateof RRT per million population
17.88 - 80.1180.11 - 96.3696.36 - 114.45114.45 - 146.39146.39 - 287.43
100 0 100 200 Miles
PCTs with higher deprivation scores have higher RRT acceptance rates
PCTs with higher ethnic minority populations have higher RRT acceptance rates in England, but not in Wales
After adjustment for deprivation and ethnicity, acceptance rate ratio remains significantly higher in Wales, and lower in NW England and Yorkshire/Humberside
Udayaraj U et al. J Epid Comm Health 2010;64:535
Socioeconomic status and access to transplant waiting list
Quintile 1 (least deprived)
reference
Quintile 2 0.93 (0.86-1.00)
Quintile 3 0.83 (0.75-0.93)
Quintile 4 0.70 (0.63-0.78)
Quintile 5 (most deprived)
0.60 (0.54-0.68)
Adjusted for age, gender, PRD, year of start; and for centre effect
N= 9602 - White patients only
Udayaraj U et al. Transplantation 2010; 90: 279-285
Centre variation in access to renal transplantation – longitudinal study
• Objective – to assess whether there is equity in access to renal transplantation in the UK after adjustment for case mix
• Incident patients in 65 centres submitting data to UKRR between 1/03 and 12/05, followed until 12/08 (excluding pts >65y, pts activated and then immediately suspended, patients listed for multi-organ Tp)
• Proportion of incident patients at each centre registered on waiting list, time taken to registration, and proportion subsequently transplanted
Ravanan R et al. BMJ 2010; 341: c3451
Patient experience in renal care
• No validated PROMs for chronic conditions
• Several validated QoL measures, none routinely collected or reported
• No validated measures of satisfaction with OP consultations
Trust in OP medical care
417 patients attending new patient OPA with cardiologist, neurologist, nephrologist, gastroenterologist, rheumatologist
Keating NL. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1015-1020
Summary so far
• 7 dimensions of quality
• Room for improvement in each
• But how?
Original research
Submission
Acceptance
Publication
Bibliographic databases
Review, paper, textbook
Implementation
variable
0.5 years
0.6 years
0.3 years
6-13 years
9.3 years
Negative results
Lack of numbers
Inconsistent indexing
Translating research into care
Balas EA, Boren SA. Managing clinical knowledge for health care improvement. Yrbk of Med Informatics 2000; 65-70
Clinical research to clinical practice: lost in translation?
• US life expectancy lower than 22 other countries despite $250bn NIH investment since 1950– lack of improvement due to
failure to translate the findings of clinical investigations into the practice of medicine at the community level
– from the translational highway to the smaller avenues and lanes of the microsystems that deliver care
Lenfant C. Shattuck Lecture. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 868
QI: implementation science
• Establish the need for improvement
• Establish a measure
• Agree a SMART aim
• Find a change package– From the literature– From high performing centres
• Do multiple PDSA cycles
Understanding high performance
• Structure + Process = Outcome• Learning from high-performing units requires
– Identifying them reliably– Finding out how they achieve their results
• A detailed understanding of HOW care is delivered, as well as WHAT care is delivered, is critically important for understanding how different centres achieve different results
Collecting information on causes of centre variation
• Anecdote
• Ask the high performers– But they won’t have any idea how their
practice differs from ‘poor’ performers
• Ask people who’ve worked elsewhere – e.g. rotation SpRs!!
• Design a questionnaire – Delphi technique
• Administer a questionnaire
Thank you