1. CICRESPI spa 20060 Liscate Milano - ItalyVia Trieste, 11Tel: +39.02.95.75.41 Fax: +39.02.95.87.203 info@cicrespi.com www.cicrespi.comUNI EN ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management System Certified by Certiquality

2. Traceability Project RFID Workshop 3. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACKIdentication, traceability and security of products and processes with barcodes and 2D, transpon- ders and data transmission in radiofrequency.WORKSHOP FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RFID TECHNOLOGIESTo be accepted new technologies must be rst of all understood, and to be understood they must become a transparent tool where sense is clear and functioning is intuitive.1 4. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACKCompany presentationCICRESPI designs solutions and services for identication, traceability and security of products, processes, persons and routes.It is a joint-stock company, recently awarded for its 95 years of activity 2 5. It is a multi-business company, its five business units are conceived as know-how centres specialized in markets, products and technologies. Three towards industry for coding, marking, labelling, automatic identification though barcodes, dots, tags, data transmission in radiofrequency RFID, quality control, hot stamping, pad, digital ink-jet and thermal transfer printing. Two towards the tertiary and Public Administration for security of documents and money, paper treatment, interior and exterior architectural signage, lightboxes and exhibition of messages.For the industrial, agri-food and beverage markets it has developed, together with CICRESPI ENGINEERING a company of the Group, the RFID workshop from field to point of sale and back.3 6. In this space the company has organized the production and distribution chain of products requiring lot trackability and traceability.It is interesting to observe in detail the use of different technologies (labels with barcode on front and tag on back) developed for different applications: boxes, bottles, cartons, pallets, shelves, automatic cash desks.It is possible to review ones own activity within the entire chain, and to perceive opportunities and issues of RFID technologies in an organic and global way.The outline of the technologies involved for lot traceability and quality control for consumer security is as follows: 4 7. Tools and methods to track, trace and verifyCoding Marking Automatic identication RF Data transmissionsIn line inspections Variable data Fixed data Data SymbolsVariable dataDifferedReal timeNon destructiveLotTrademarksLineGraphics Bar-2D dot codes Transponders ReadersTerminalscodes Ink-jet X RaysLaser DirectlyHFUHF Articial vision MicropercussionMetaldetectors Thermal Transfer AcuosticsHot stamping Laser Pad printing Proximity Smart labelVehicled on label Self-adhesive labelSmart label 5 Electronic logic Application software DB Host interface 8. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACK Denition of trackability and traceabilityTrackability is the activity compelling a Group of Companies connected through relationships of production, transformation and sale of agri-food products to apply the guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture for the safety of consumers. This is trackability of responsibility from Field to point of Sale.CompaniesTrace the instructions1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13TraceCustomer claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13Traceability is the reverse route, it starts when the safety of consumer is violated. It is from point of sale to eld. 6 9. DEFINITION: The ability to trace and follow a food, feed, food-producing animal or substance intended to be, or expectedto be incorporated into a food or feed, through all stages ofproduction, processing and distribution, up to nal consumer. CollectionSelection Tr a c k a b i l i t yProcessing Traceability Stocking Distribution Points of Points of Points of Points of sales sales sales sales Consumer 7 10. FIELDEL D Farms grow and collect FACTOR FA OR FACTORY OR Factories transform and pack RE TAIL RETAIL RETAILE I Large Scale Retailers distribute8 11. CONSUMER CONSUMERConsumer is satised CONSUMER CONSUMERConsumer claims 9 12. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACK Trackability process of the activities of a production chaina set of related activities to get a secure productFieldCollection Stocking Selection Transport Ind. Stock Processes Input 12 345 67 TransformationFillingEnvironment / Conditioning Packages / Means Criteria / MachinesEnvironment / ConditioningMethods / Machines / Containers Instructions1 Location / Ground treatment / Used products 10 13. Packaging PalletizingStockingOrd. prep.Distribution Consume8 910111213Output CustomersatisfactionQuality andsafety ensuredRetail LogisticsSeries of operationsMappingTertiary packaging / labelling EAN-SSCC / IDaInstructionsPrimary / Secondary packaging / coding / ID automatic To each activity we associate instructions and responsibilities for trackability. Thanks to the guidelines for the editing of the traceability manual, decreed by the Ministry of Agriculture, all subjects involved within the chain, procedures and manuals for data recording are identied, in order to allow an efcient revision of the production process. 11 14. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACK Barcode and transponder, technology evolution for automatic identicationBarcode for product unitEAN Code ofCode ControlNational the markof thedigit Prex ownerproduct EAN Company Prex12 15. UCC/EAN 128 barcode for multi-products packaging, the carton box.Lot Expiry date Package code 13 16. BARCODES FOR THE PALLET UNIT: UCC/EAN 128 AND SSCCNumerical SSCC code is an univocal, serial number assigned tothe logistic unit, identifying each single pallet or carton box. It iscomposed of 18 digits: Control digit Sequential partof code SSCCIndicod code assigned to the companyItaly*Digit from 0 to 9, to be chosen by the company assigning SSCC. Indicod-ECR suggests using sequential logic.Data identiers: (00) = SSCC, sequential number of the parcel14 17. TRANSPONDER FOR INTELLIGENT OBJECTS AND LABELS Transponder is a component with a thickness of a few microns composed of: antenna, microchip (memory from ten to approximately some thousand bytes up to 2000 digits) and support.In this version it can be mounted on an adhesive material, inserted into a cardboard or in particular containers or laminated within a plastic card, thus constituting the family of SMART CARDS and LABELS, intelligent labels for RFID writing and reading.GlueChipBondingTest15 18. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACKFrom the guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture tolot trackability.Methods for coding primary, secondary and tertiarypackaging PRIMARY PACKAGING=PRODUCT UNIT= ALPHANUMERICAL AND BARCODES 16 19. ALPHANUMERICAL CODES Expiry date Production date Lot number17 20. BARCODES EAN 13 For product unit Trays Flasks Jars Bottles Tanks Pots Blisters Cases Sachets Promotional 18 21. TraysTrays FlasksFlasks Jars Jars Bottles Bot tles TanksTanksPots Pots19 22. Pots Pots BlistersBlisters Pre-folded sheets Pre-folded sheetsSachetsSachets PromotionalPromotional Bundles and cartonsBundles and car tons 20 23. SECONDARY PACKAGING = MULTI-PRODUCTS UNIT = CARTON BOXBarcodes UCC/EAN 12821 24. TERTIARY PACKAGING = MULTI-CARTONS UNIT = PALLET Barcodes UCC/EAN 128 and SSCC 22 25. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACK RFID Workshop Lot traceability chain in 10 stepsFIELD We start from the eld where, for the sake of traceability, during the collection the farmer identies the production by applying on each box a label featuring data of eld and collection date.For this step a thermal transfer printer for barcodes, equipped with an RFID antenna, calibrated on the frequency HF = 15.56 MHz, to record the same information on the transponder microchip, is used.FACTORY When the factory receives the product, it identies the single box by reading the barcode featured on the label. Reading can be performed with a barcode scanner or a reader equipped with an RFID antenna.Production process continues, for example, by extracting a bottled juice.Each juice bottle runs through an inspection system checking the eventual presence of foreign bodies, and through a Taptone system ensuring the tightening of the container.23 26. Bottle is now ready to be codied with lot number and Best Before indication. To print these data ink-jet or laser coders are used. In the computer system such elements are connected to the starting lot of the farmer.Therefore bottle is labelled with a smart label featuring information both clear (with barcode) and in RFID. When the secondary packaging is formed, in the demo it is a six-piece unit, the information collected so far, joined by the number of pieces per each carton box, is written on the multiple packaging through the application of a smart label. In this case the frequency changes, to read at longer distances UHF is used.Equipment Lampo RFID assembled in the workshop, is provided with a scanner checking that the information featured on the label is correct. Once the pallet has been formed by carton boxes, already marked as described, this can be identied either exploiting barcode technology, or though an antennas system operating in UHF, or in both ways. Presently, in our workshop we have a controller antenna connected to central PC and three antennas detecting the tags featured on the multiple packaging, thus verifying what is present on the pallet. 24 27. Pallet is labelled and collected information is exploited to create loads for shipment. Pallet, becoming a load unit, can be managed with the same principle: reading through barcode or antennas.In the workshop for pallet labelling we use equipment Termologitron, an electro-pneumatic labelling machine, printing during the translation of the application arm, saving dead times, up to the point to get a double application with a guaranteed speed of four pallets per minute.LARGE SCALE RETAIL When the pallet reaches a warehouse or a deposit of a large scale retailer, an antennas system identies it when entering, loading it at stock and indicating in which area it should be placed. Here another antennas system, making the shelf intelligent, is able to signal immediately the contents. When the entire pallet or the single boxes are taken to be exposed at the point of sale, inventory is automatically updated and moreover, when the cart containing the labelled products runs through the magnetic eld of the antennas located near the cash desks, the receipt ticket is automatically self- compiled.At this point it is not difcult to follow the reverse route up to the collection eld: in fact, by exploiting the memorized information, we get a perfect traceability. 25 28. 1 RFID WORKSHOP IN 10 STEPSIdentication of the cash desks with barcode UCC/EAN 128 and coding RFIDFIELDEL D Printer of self-adhesive labels in reel, thermal transfer printing technology.Machine set for reading-writing of HF smart labels. 26 29. 2Identication of products of different origin, processing and bottling. FACTOR FA OR FACTORY OR Palm terminal to decode elds data.27 30. 3Quality Control FACTORFA ORFACTORYORInspection system to check foreign bodies. Checking of containers tightening. 28 31. 4Primary PackagingFACTOR FA OR FACTORY ORInk-jet or laser coders to mark production lot and expiry date. Head to print and apply the label on primary packaging. Thermal transfer technology, machine set for reading- writing of HF smart labels.29 32. 5Secondary Packaging (carton box) FACTORFA ORFACTORYORHead to print and apply the label on carton box. Technology UHF radiofrequency. 30 33. 6Pallet identicationFACTOR FA OR FACTORY ORPort with UHF antennas for data reception and transmission from carton boxes to the computer processing the label and sending it to the printer.Logistic label size A5, 150x210 mm, with barcodes UCC/ EAN 128, SSCC and transponders. 31 34. 7Goods shipment FACTORFA ORFACTORYORPalm terminal for stock unloading. Computer for the traceability of the production process. 32 35. 8Goods reception at large scale retailer site RE TAIL RETAIL RETAILE IPort with UHF antennas and manual barcode reader to decode factory data.Stock loading. Computer to manage large scale retailer stock.33 36. 9Warehouse stockingRE TAIRETAILRETAIL E IL Intelligent shelf equipped with UHF antennas for real time management of goods handling. 34 37. 10 Point of sale RE TAIL RETAIL RETAILE IIntelligent cash desk with HF antennas to read smart labels and code EAN 13 reader.35 38. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACKNetwork and computer supports for connectionsbetween 1-10 and host 2- Transformation 3- Quality control 1- Field and 4- Coding and labelling collection primary packaging 10- Point of sale9- Warehousestocking 5- Secondary8- Goods reception packaging andat retailer site labelling 7- Shipment 6- Pallet arranging andlabelling36 39. Automatic identication is the recognition of the product and the trackability and traceability process through optical reading of barcodes, and electro- magnetic of tags.Data transmission in radiofrequency is the network of computer telecommunication which allows knowing in real time where we are, what we are doing and what to do.Electronic mediaThe workshop can be divided into three large areas:The eld with the printer identifying the farmer and his product, the industry managing the necessary information for traceability (from identication of the incoming raw materials to the output pallets) with a central unit, the real logistics with the management of loads, stocks and points of sale.The rst area is intentionally simple, to be managed also by medium-small or simply structured companies.Industry section includes a host computer, a network connection and specic software.37 40. All the above allows to command and control the activity of the RFID readers, to send the necessary setup commands to their software, to receive messages when tags are read, to read tags buffers and download information, to grant visibility to reading operations and to supply the right interface to users. 38 41. Software of the industry section, in its turn, is dividable into three parts: rst is connection of central PC with the palms (exploiting RF technology for data transmission) or with the antennas placed in strategic points of the factory. Such tools are necessary when the relevant operations are performed in an area of the factory non covered by the company network0. 39 42. The second part of the software associates the supplier code to eachproduction lot, in this stage even the printing of all the labels featuring lot andexpiry date on primary and secondary packaging is managed.The third part of the software manages pallets, SSCC codes and connectsthese data to the company management software for the inventory.To end the research and load the single truck, it is necessary to get similarterminals to the ones used for the incoming processes.40 43. In the workshop the two most used frequencies in industry canbe experimented: HF = 13.56 MHz, already standardized by ISOnorms, ensuring use and inclusion in company structures, andUHF frequency not standardized yet, but granting a reading ofmore than one meter. Product identication Incoming pallet SSCC Data sent to assignment management Label sent tosoftware the printer41 44. Logistic section is composed of two parts:Management of loads and stocks.Real time shelf scanning toautomatically manage theinventory 42 45. Management of point of sale. Real time cash desk scanning to automatically issue receipt ticket43 46. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACK Attending customers step by stepThrough its workshop CICRESPI intends to supply a valid technical - educational support to users, developers and implementers of systems for traceability in general and RFID in particular, by helping them to develop personalized solutions, allowing them to deepen experimentation of this technology on the most critical areas.In our workshop also wider corporate targets are pursued, such as: studies on the manners of propagation of signals, on possible interferences, evaluations on the performances of different antennas, progressive improvement of software, and even more.To face each specic customer problem, we try to reproduce in our workshop the most realistic conditions as possible; hence the section of pallet labelling is in real dimensions, and each machine used (checkers, printers, labellers, etc.) is standard; it is even possible to mount, each time in a different way, antennas and readers with more active readers at the same time. 44 47. During the adjustment of the project, each issue affecting the nal performance of the installation is investigated.The approach is to face each trackability and RFID project by considering the kind of objects to support, where the tag should be placed, which kind of tags and readers to choose, if it will be necessary to add insulating items, and moreover which can be the limits of the system chosen and the packaging materials involved.Other factors effect the nal result: distance between transmitter and reader, features of the transmitting and receiving antennas (shape, frequency, etc.), eventual signals weakening in all different steps, interferences in the environment (those among readers due to the presence of more readers at the same time, those among close channels due to strong signals in close frequencies).All these elements must be carefully screened to get the desired result. 45 48. FROM FIELD TO POINT OF SALE AND BACK The futureInitially the development of RFID should concentrate on services and processes using reusable transponders, following the standards already accepted for passive transponders.When new technologies and standards will be mature, RFID will develop as individual identication of nished products and introduction of low cost passive transponders.Such developments will allow creating best practices to progress from RFID project to RFID product, and in such steps the role of the workshops will be essential in the transformation of the RFID into commodity. 46 49. CICRESPI, strategic partnerVIDEOJET TECHNOLOGIES INC., brands Videojet, Marsh, CheshireAVERY DENNISON, labelling systems and RFID applications.47 50. You are invited to reserve your datein Liscate Milano, ItalyVia Trieste, 11to visit our RFID workshope-mail: sabina.resmini@cicrespi.comTel: +39.02.95.75.42.03Fax: +39.02.95.75.42.04 48