Chapter 5

The Rise of Rome

Three major groups:Latium

Latin languageHerders & Farmers

GreeksMythologySculptures, architecture, literature, and alphabet.Learned how to grown olives and grapes.

EtruscansControlled Rome, turned it from a village to a city.Adopted the toga and short cloak.Borrowed the army organization.

Roman State

State split into two groups:Patricians

Wealthy landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers.

PlebeiansEveryone else.

Roman State

Romans were successful due to a “don’t quit” attitude.

Emphasis on duty, courage, and discipline.

Didn’t hurt to be great politicians.

Venimus, Vidimus, Vicimus

Legend speaks of the creation of Rome.Romulus and Remus

Birth of Rome

509 BCE, Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and formed a republic. A government in which the leader is not a

monarch and certain people have the right to vote.

Rome was in 200 years of war.Fought against the Latium, Greeks, and

Etruscans.They finally created a Confederation.

Bribed everybody with citizenship and equality.

Roman Republic

Roman State

Rome continued to fight.They faced off against Carthage.

Located on North Africa founded by the Phoenicians.

War

Romans feared CarthageSent an army to Sicily in 264 BCE.

Carthaginians saw it as a act of war.This launched the First Punic War.It ended in 241 BCE when Carthage gave up

rights to Sicily.Rome had to pay a fine for it.

Carthage gave up Sicily because they conquered more land in Spain.

Rome then encouraged Spain to revolt.

Rome & Carthage

Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, did not like this.

This started the Second PunicWar, 218-201 BCE.

After a long struggle, Hannibalwas not able to take control of Rome.

Rome then wanted more.

Rome & Carthage

In 150 BCE, the Third (and last) Punic War occurred.

The Carthage Empire was destroyed.

Carthaginian people became slaves.

The area became a Roman province which they called Africa.

Rome & Carthage

Carthage was just one victim.Rome defeated Hellenistic states in East

Mediterranean.Following the Fourth Macedonian War, the

Romans took control of Macedonia in 148 BCE.

Greece was taken over just two years later.In 129 BCE, Pergamum became the first

province in Asia.The Roman Empire controlled all of the

Mediterranean.

Expansion

Torn by civil wars, men competed for power.Three were victorious: Crassus, Pompey, and

Caesar.

These three men formed the First Triumvirate.A government controlled by three people.

Eventually, one man arose above the others.

Collapse of the Republic

A Divided Empire

Caesar became dictator in 45 BCE.An absolute ruler.

Feeling Caesar had too much power, his council killed him.

Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus took control.Soon only Octavian, and Antony remained in

control.They split the Roman world.

Octavian took the West, Antony the East.They soon began fighting with each other.At the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), Octavian

defeated Antony.Octavian became the sole leader.

Was given the title of Augustus, “revered one”

Second Triumvirate

Augustus’ reign lasted from 30 BCE-14 CE.

Rome entered Pax Romana, which means “Roman Peace”This lasted 200 years.

Following this time, Roman ideals began to die.

Pax Romana

There was good emperors, bad one, and even crazy ones.

Many emperors were involved in murderous plots against rivals.

Political assassinations were a norm.

This and several other factors lead to the tainting of the Roman image.