the role of civil society in the fctc* process
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The Role of Civil Society in the FCTC* Process. Laurent Huber Framework Convention Alliance (FCA). * FCTC: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Section A. The Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Civil Society in the FCTC Process. Learning Objective. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
The Role of Civil Society in the FCTC* ProcessThe Role of Civil Society in the FCTC* Process
Laurent HuberFramework Convention Alliance (FCA)
* FCTC: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Section ASection A
The Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Civil Society in the FCTC Process
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Learning Objective
Provide an overview of the role of civil society in the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) negotiation process, from development to implementation and monitoring
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The FCTC
The first international public health treaty negotiated under the auspices of the WHO
Objective: to protect present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental, and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and tobacco smoke exposure
Roadmap that could lead to comprehensive tobacco control programs and strategies at the international, national, regional, and local levels
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The FCTC as a Global Public Good
“The WHO FCTC is a powerful global public good for health, in that it is catalyzing international health cooperation to reduce the burden of disease attributable to tobacco consumption”
—World Health Organization
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Challenges to FCTC Success
In many countries, including many developing ones: Domestic legislation is nonexistent or extremely weak The tobacco control movement is in its infancy Tobacco control is not perceived by politicians as a
public health priority Resources for tobacco control are nonexistent The tobacco industry wields great political and
economic power
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Civil Society and NGOs in the FCTC
Preamble of the WHO FCTC Emphasizes special contribution of NGOs and other
members of civil society to tobacco control efforts
Article 4.7 of the WHO FCTC The participation of civil society is essential in achieving
the objectives of the Convention and its protocols
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FCTC Process: NGO/Civil Society Participation Critical
NGO involvement results in stronger treaties with shorter timelines International Code on Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes Landmine Treaty FCTC
NGOs have more political independence than governments or WHO
NGOs can better catalyze and coordinate NGO coalitions
The engagement of civil society in a treaty-making process is a key aspect of democracy and good governance
Role of civil society and NGOs in this process is to raise the bar
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UN Secretary General Report to UN General Assembly
“The degree to which a world conference mobilizes the attention of NGOs and other organizations of civil society has become an important criterion for judging its success.”
“The massive presence of NGOs . . . [has] increased public awareness of the conferences and the issues they dealt with and, ultimately, of the United Nations, and was a driving force for the setting of international norms and standards.”
“Determined, knowledgeable and well-organized NGOs that are willing to form caucuses and alliances can achieve successes in advocacy and lend tremendous weight to international and United Nations-led campaigns.”
—Kofi Annan (1998)
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The Framework Convention Alliance (FCA)
Comprised of 300+ NGOs from 100+ countries
A true global tobacco control coalition
Brought together health, consumer, human rights, environmental, religious, and other groups to address tobacco
Powerful voice in WHO FCTC negotiation process
Image source: Huber, L. (2006).
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Mission of the Framework Convention Alliance
The FCA mission is to carry out effectively the watchdog function for the WHO FCTC
To develop tobacco control capacity, particularly in developing countries to support the ratification, accession, implementation, and monitoring of the FCTC
To promote and support a network for global tobacco control campaigning
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Civil Society’s Presence in the WHO FCTC Process
FCA NGO representatives have participated in: All six treaty negotiating sessions, as well as two
working group sessions Dozens of regional treaty meetings Several annual meetings of the World Health Assembly Two Open-Ended Intergovernmental Working Group
(IGWG) meetings The First Conference of the Parties (COP) and Expert
Working group meetings
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Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
Ensured NGO Presence During WHO FCTC Negotiations
A key element of FCTC success was ensuring that voices of world were present
Governments and NGOs from around the world participated
Presence of wealthy as well as low- and middle-income countries
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Ensured NGO Presence During IGWG1, IGWG2, COP1
Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
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Perspective from a Member of the U.S. Delegation
“The NGOs in Geneva were well organized and outspoken.”
“…an assortment of other NGOs banded together to form an umbrella organization called the Framework Convention Alliance.”
“…the NGOs worked the halls masterfully and, for all intents and purposes, filled the roles of deeply entrenched Washington insiders.”
— Gregory Jacob (2003)
Source: The University of Chicago Journal of International Law. (2004).
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Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
Civil Society Expertise
Civil society brought top experts to needed fields Smoke-free policy,
litigation, best practices, product health warnings, and other experts
Provided powerful briefings for governments to use
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Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
FCA Bulletin
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Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
Briefings for Delegates Negotiating the WHO FCTC
Provide expert testimony on the relevant issues and research
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Staged Events During FCTC Meetings
Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
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Guidelines on Implementation/Elaboration of Protocol
Treaty is a good road map—but not the final solution A country could be fully compliant with FCTC without
fully protecting the public’s health
Guidelines are being developed by the Secretariat and the COP
Guidelines will not be legally binding, but they will provide what constitutes effective evidence-based implementation of the articles of the treaty
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Guidelines on Implementation/Elaboration of Protocol
Civil society Involved in the expert group tasked with elaborating a
template for a protocol on illicit trade Participated in the meeting of key facilitators, experts,
and other interested parties on the elaboration of guidelines on Articles 8, 9, and 10
Participated in an ad-hoc study group on alternative crops
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Civil society worked at the national level to promote the FCTCoutside of the FCTC/WHO forum through Inter-governmentalNegotiating Body Meetings
Capacity building trainings were organized to assist implementation or ratification of the treaty by involving civil society at the national level
Media to Advocate in Favor of the FCTC
Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
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Capacity Building in Tobacco Control
Ca·pac·i·ty: the ability to perform functions, solve problems, and achieve objectives United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
definition
The ability to respond to tobacco control comprehensively
Help NGOs develop specific, concise strategic plans to achieve a certain goal
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Capacity Building Workshops
Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
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FCTC Role
Assess needs or gaps that countries have at the national level
Develop specific strategic plans
Assist and provide grants to support country-level strategic plans
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Capacity Building Trainings
Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
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Legislative Workshops and Legislative Clearing House
Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
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Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
National Level Advocacy Events
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Image source: adapted by CTLT from the World Health Organization. (2007).
Regional/Sub-Regional Coordination
More activities in support of tobacco control
Better grants and proposals
Better exchange of communication
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Images source: Huber, L. (2006).
International Advocacy Campaigns
Online petitions
Fax, letter campaigns
Letters to presidents, prime ministers, kings
Lobbying governments to sign/ratify/accede/implement the FCTC
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Image source: The Framework Convention Alliance. (2006).
Ensuring Effective Implementation
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Source: Nathan, R. (2004).
Effective Evidence-Based Policies and Legislation
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Article 21: Reporting and Exchange of Information
“Each Party shall submit to the Conference of the Parties, through the Secretariat, periodic reports on its implementation of this Convention…”
— FCTC Article 21
Source: World Health Organization. (2007).
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Monitoring Implementation of the FCTC: COP Decision
Parties agreed to a graduated reporting system under which they are required to report on some articles after two, five, and eight years of entry into force
Parties agreed that their objective in reporting: “is to enable Parties to learn from each others’ experience in implementation and not to develop a checklist on implementation”
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Image source: Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada. (2007).
The Clock Is Ticking
February 27, 2008 40 original ratifying countries must
have health warnings on packages
February 27, 2010 40 original ratifying countries must
have ad ban in place
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Monitoring the Implementation of the FCTC
Civil society has the responsibility to develop and implement a monitoring and reporting mechanism whose mission is to monitor the implementation and respect of the Convention (a check list on implementation) Example: The Land Mine Monitor: 1997 Mine Ban Treaty
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Image source: The Framework Convention Alliance. (2006).
FCA FCTC Monitor Data Collection System
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What Is the FCA FCTC Monitor Data Collection System?
Image source: The Framework Convention Alliance. (2006).
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Who Will Collect the Data?
Civil society and NGOs will collect and analyze the data around the world They will make policy recommendations based on what
is taking place at the national level
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What Topics Will Be Included?
Background information on key informant and country overview, includes information on: Tobacco
control programs
Non-governmental organizations
Media coverage
Industry interference
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What Topics Will Be Included?
FCTC implementation includes information on: FCTC signature
and ratification FCTC
obligations as outlined in Articles 6, 8, 11, and 13
Other FCTC initiatives
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What Topics Will Be Included?
Supplemental documents Allow data
collector to upload pictures, texts of legislation, and other examples
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What Topics Will Be Included?
Going beyond the numbers, including a narrative description of tobacco control in the country
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Civil Society Monitoring of the FCTC
June 30, 2007 during COP2
Mirrored the countries’ reports submitted to COP2
Image source: The Framework Convention Alliance. (2006).
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ASEAN Tobacco Control Report Card
Image source: Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance. (2007).
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National Level Reports
Images source: Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (OSCs). (2006).
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National Level Reports
Images source: Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (OSCs). (2007).
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National Level Reports
Images source: Canada Coalition for Action on Tobacco. (2006).