The Role of GNSS in the GLAs’ Future Service ProvisionDr Sally BaskerDirector of Research & RadionavigationGeneral Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom & IrelandInternational Information Sub-Committee,Civil GPS Service Interface Committee,Manchester, 7 May 2006

Content

The GLAs Shipping trends and e-Navigation The Role of GNSS Securing e-Navigation Benefits

The General Lighthouse Authorities

Trinity House

Commissioners of Irish Lights

Northern Lighthouse board

The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland

The tri-GLA Research & Radionavigation directorate works on behalf of all three GLAs

Building on a track record of success

The GLAs shared mission is is the delivery of a reliable, efficient and cost effective AtoN service for the benefit and safety of all mariners

The GLAs operate in a “user pays” cost-recovery environment based on “Light Dues”

Light dues have reduced by 50% in real terms in the last 10 years This has been achieved by improving the cost-effectiveness of

physical aids to navigation (lights and floating aids) Taking this further means delivering a radionavigation

dividend cost-savings that result from the introduction of radionavigation

services and their take-up in the maritime sector

Shipping trends and e-Navigation

Ships are getting larger

>6000 TEU

>4500 TEU

>8000 TEU

Source: MAN B&W Diesel A/S. Propulsion Trends in Container Vessels. www.manbw.com

In June 2006 the company Royal Caribbean plans to launch a vessel of 158,000 tons, with accommodation for 3,600 passengers

Ships are getting faster

TEU

The SuperSeaCat is more than 100 metres long, carries 800 passengers plus 175 cars, and operates at 38 knots

Source: MAN B&W Diesel A/S. Propulsion Trends in Container Vessels. www.manbw.com

Traffic is becoming more congested

On average, a ship passes through the Dover Straits every 3 minutes

e-Navigation - making safe navigation easier and cheaper

The cost-effective collection, integration and display of maritime information onboard and ashore by electronic means, to enhance berth-to-berth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea, and protection of the marine environment

Widespread support at IMO and IALA Delivery

GNSS underpinned by fail-safe supplementary position signals integrated displays – communications – information management –

alarm prioritisation – shore-based monitoring & intervention It will enable new applications

virtual AtoNs for the early marking of wrecks or other hazards before they are marked physically with wreck-marking buoys

The Role of GNSS

GNSS for navigation

GNSS will be the dominant e-Navigation sensor in the maritime domain

Current GPS and DGPS is likely to continue to be the mainstay of many ships for many years more than 30% of all ships are

older than 20 years The L1 and L5 frequencies will

offer GPS/Galileo interoperability for maritime users

Age Distribution of World Fleet

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+

Age at 1st Jan. 2005 (years)

Perc

enta

ge o

f tot

al d

wt

Tankers Bulk carriers General cargo Container ships Others

Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 2005 Review of Maritime Transport

GNSS for situational awareness

GNSS is being used for situational awareness in two ways Automatic Identification Systems

(AIS) Long Range Identification and

Tracking AIS uses GPS for timing and

positioning ship borne and shore base

stations ship borne and shore-based

situational awareness used as an AtoN (e-ANSI,

synthetic AIS, virtual AtoNs) LRIT uses GPS for positioning

mainly shore-based situational awareness for security and safety

GNSS for timing

GPS is used for timing synchronised or sequenced lights some AtoN lights are less

conspicuous when viewed against light-polluted waterfront backgrounds

options include changing the characteristics of individual lights (e.g. flashing blue/yellow) or groups of lights (e.g. synchronise or sequence)

important safety issue GPS is also used for timing in AIS

user equipment & base stations

Courtesy: Sealite

The impact of GPS on marine service provision

Dependenton GPS

AtoN AIS/e-ANSI

Physical AtoN

DGPS

GPS

Synthetic/Virtual AIS

Loran

Synch’d or Seq’d Lights

Physical AtoN

GPS

AIS Base Station

Loran

GLA Radiobeacon GLA AIS User Equipment

+

+

+

+

GLA Loran Station GLA Control Centre

+

GPS is a key enabling technology and a target for jamming

Many of the GLAs current and future e-Navigation services are enabled by GPS

GPS is vulnerable and is a target for people who do not want to be

tracked for people who want to disrupt

society more generally IGEB, February 2001

GPS provides many benefits to civilian users. It is vulnerable, however, to interference and other disruptions that can have harmful consequences. GPS users must ensure that adequate independent backup systems or procedures can be used when needed

http://www.detectnu.nl

RADIXON HADRIAN RJ-G1575 GPS Jammer

Securing GNSS Benefits for e-Navigation

Reverting from e-Navigation to physical AtoNs

e-Navigation systems will be designed with high levels of availability and reliability to support one-man-bridge and other innovative operations

Reverting from e-Navigation based solely on GNSS to physical AtoNs will become less straightforward

Under some circumstances navigational safety might actually worsen

A second, complementary and dissimilar, multi-modal independent PNT service is needed to realise the full benefits of e-Navigation

eLoran – the right supplementary positioning signal for e-Navigation

A single source of positioning and timing is unacceptable in the marine domain A Marine navigation and surveillance need a mixture of positioning and timing

systems and e-Navigation needs a second, complementary and dissimilar, multi-modal independent PNT service is needed

eLoran is the only service that fulfils the requirement

Service Indep’tPNT

Multi-modal

Independent with respect to GPSSystem Signal User

Galileo

eLoran

DGPS

SBAS3

Radar2

1. PNT – Position, Navigation and Time2. Including radar transponders – Racons3. SBAS has independent time but not P or N

eLoran makes sense

The eLoran objective the provision of an international, globally-standardised eLoran PNT

(position, navigation and time) multi-modal service, based on interoperable multi-regional components both as a complement to GNSS and as a stand-alone backup in case of failure

eLoran must make sense to governments, service providers and users improving safety meeting IMO A.915 general navigation requirements improving the cost-effectiveness of AtoN service provision

eLoran will secure key GNSS benefits for e-Navigation

eLoran will secure the important GNSS benefits for e-Navigation and AtoN service provision

Increased operational flexibility and improved safety from new operational concepts

Greater throughput of freight Virtual AtoNs

earlier marking of wrecks traffic separation schemes marking shifting channels and sand banks

Reduced cost of AtoN service provision Insurance against intentional or unintentional interference

eLoran at ENC

Briefing presentations Monday – Shipping trends, e-Navigation, eLoran White Paper Tuesday – Harwich trials, container tracking, French experience Wednesday – GLA R&RNAV procurements in 2006/7

Papers Mitch’s bit GLA paper